A0 · ゼロポイント チャプター 4

Expressing Actions & Needs

5 トータルルール
60 例文
5 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock your ability to express personal needs and shared activities with confidence.

  • Identify your core needs using essential verbs.
  • Describe actions happening in the present moment.
  • Propose fun activities using simple suggestions.
Speak your mind and move with purpose.

学べること

Ready to truly start speaking English? This chapter unlocks how to share what you like and want! You'll soon be able to say "Let's go!" and describe what you're doing right now, making connections easier than ever.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: express basic needs and preferences in a social context.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Learning to express yourself in English is the most exciting part of your language journey! This guide is your first step to truly communicating, letting others know what you like, what you need, and what you’re doing right now. You’ll discover how simple it is to share your personal world, from basic feelings to immediate activities.
Mastering these fundamental structures will unlock countless daily conversations, making "English expressing actions & needs for beginners" a vital skill. By understanding these core concepts, you're not just memorizing rules; you're building the foundation for real-world interactions. Get ready to confidently say I want coffee! or "Let's read! as you learn English A0 grammar" with practical, easy-to-use tools.
### How This Grammar Works
Starting with the basics, we use four essential verbs to talk about ourselves: I like, I want, I need, and I have. These are direct and powerful for sharing your feelings and possessions. For example, I like pizza.
I want water. I need help. I have a book.
These don't change based on who is speaking – I like, You like, We like, They like. It's simple!
When you talk about actions that happen regularly or are general facts, we use basic action verbs like go, read, eat, sleep. Here’s a key rule: when you talk about he, she, or it, you add an -s to the verb. So, I go, You go, We go, They go, but He goes, She goes, It goes.
For instance, I read every day. She reads every day.
To say no to an action, we use don't or doesn't. This is where the -s rule comes back! Use doesn't for he, she, or it.
For everyone else (I, you, we, they), use don't. Remember, the verb after don't or doesn't *never* has an -s. So, I don't like coffee.
He doesn't like tea. Not "He doesn't likes tea."
To describe an action happening right now, use am/is/are + the verb with -ing. This is called the present continuous. Think of it as painting a picture of the moment. I am eating. She is sleeping. They are watching TV.
Finally, to invite people to do something with you, use Let's. It's short for let us and is always followed by a basic verb without -s or -ing. Let's go! Let's read together. This is a super friendly and common way to make suggestions.
### Common Mistakes
Even experts make mistakes, but knowing the common ones helps you learn faster!
  1. 1Missing the '-s' for 'he/she/it':
✗ He like pizza.
✓ He likes pizza. (Remember the '-s' for single persons/things!)
  1. 1Using 'not' instead of 'don't/doesn't':
✗ I not want water.
✓ I don't want water.
✗ She not read books.
✓ She doesn't read books. (Always use don't or doesn't for negative actions.)
  1. 1Forgetting 'am/is/are' for actions happening now:
✗ I eating an apple.
✓ I am eating an apple. (The am/is/are part is crucial for -ing actions!)
### Real Conversations
Here are some simple chats to show you how these patterns sound in real life:
  1. 1A: I like music.
B: Me too! Let's listen to a song.
  1. 1A: What do you do now?
B: I am reading a book.
A: Oh, he is watching TV.
  1. 1A: I need a pen. Do you have one?
B: Yes, I have one. Here!
A: Thanks!
### Quick FAQ
* Q: When do I add 's' to a verb in English?
A: You add -s to the verb only when the subject is he, she, or it (or a single person/thing) and you are talking about a regular action or a fact. For example, He reads, She eats, It rains.
* Q: What's the difference between I eat and I am eating?
A: I eat describes a general habit or fact (e.g.,
I eat breakfast every morning
). I am eating describes an action happening right now (e.g.,
I am eating an apple now
).
* Q: How do I say no to an action in English?
A: Use don't for I, you, we, they. Use doesn't for he, she, it. The verb after don't or doesn't does not have -s. Examples: I don't like milk. He doesn't play soccer.
* Q: Can I use 'Let's' if it's just me doing something?
A: No, Let's always means let us, so it implies you and at least one other person. If it's just you, you would say I will go or
I want to go.
### Cultural Context
Native English speakers use these patterns all the time! They are the building blocks of everyday conversation. Mastering I like, I want, I need, and describing what you're doing right now makes your English sound natural and direct.
Let's is a very common, friendly, and informal way to make suggestions with others, showing a desire to do something together. These simple structures help you connect and participate immediately.

重要な例文 (6)

1

I like this new song on TikTok.

TikTokで流れてきたこの新曲、好きだな。

私は好き、私は欲しい、私は必要、私は持っている：あなたの4つの中心動詞
2

He wants a big pizza for dinner.

彼は夕食に大きなピザを食べたがっています。

私は好き、私は欲しい、私は必要、私は持っている：あなたの4つの中心動詞
3

I walk to the park every day.

私は毎日公園まで歩きます。

私が行く、あなたが行く：基本的な動作動詞を使う
4

You read a lot of books.

あなたはたくさんの本を読みますね。

私が行く、あなたが行く：基本的な動作動詞を使う
5

Let's go to the park this afternoon.

今日の午後、公園に行きましょう。

「Let's」を使った提案の仕方
6

Let's study English together for the exam.

試験のために一緒に英語を勉強しよう。

「Let's」を使った提案の仕方

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

「s」の音を意識しよう

主語が He や She の時は、動詞の最後に「s」を付けるのがルールです。ネイティブのように自然に聞こえるよう、音を意識して練習しましょう！
He likes playing soccer.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 私は好き、私は欲しい、私は必要、私は持っている：あなたの4つの中心動詞
💡

「S」の音に耳を澄ませて！

ネイティブが話す時、動詞の最後に「s」の音がつく瞬間に注目してみて。
He eats his dinner now.
のように、耳で覚えるのが一番の近道だよ！
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 私が行く、あなたが行く：基本的な動作動詞を使う
💡

「S」のルールを思い出して！

主語が he や she の時、ふだん動詞に 's' が付くなら doesn't を選びましょう。それ以外は don't でOKです。 "He doesn't eat meat."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Don't & Doesn't — 行動を否定する
💡

「今」を表す言葉を探そう

文の中に now や right now、at the moment などの言葉があったら、それは進行形を使う大きなヒントになりますよ！
I am working right now.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 私は食べています — 今のための-ing形

重要な語彙 (5)

want desire eat consume food go move to a place now at this moment together in company

Real-World Preview

coffee

Coffee Shop Meeting

Review Summary

  • Subject + want/need + object
  • Subject + verb
  • Subject + don't + verb
  • Subject + am/is + verb-ing
  • Let's + verb

よくある間違い

You must include the 'am' verb before the -ing form.

Wrong: I eatin.
正解: I am eating.

Use 'don't' to negate verbs in English.

Wrong: I no like.
正解: I don't like.

After 'Let's', use the base form of the verb.

Wrong: Let's going.
正解: Let's go.

Next Steps

You are doing amazing. Keep practicing these core verbs and you will be fluent in no time!

Describe your morning routine out loud.

Continue to: Talking About Time

クイック練習 (10)

正しい be動詞を選んでみましょう。

My sister ___ watching TV now.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is
My sister は「彼女（she）」と同じ扱いなので、is を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 私は食べています — 今のための-ing形

文章の中の間違いを見つけて直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

My friend like to play soccer.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My friend likes to play soccer.
My friend は単数の主語（he や she と同じ扱い）なので、動詞の like に「-s」が必要です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 私は好き、私は欲しい、私は必要、私は持っている：あなたの4つの中心動詞

正しい提案の文はどれですか？

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Let's watch the game.
Let's の後ろに s や ing はつきません。 watch が正しい形です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「Let's」を使った提案の仕方

文の中の間違いを見つけて直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

Let's eating pizza for dinner tonight.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Let's eat pizza for dinner tonight.
動詞は eating ではなく、原形の eat にする必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「Let's」を使った提案の仕方

間違いを見つけて直しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

We playing soccer in the park.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: We are playing soccer in the park.
-ing の前には必ず be動詞（We の場合は are）が必要です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 私は食べています — 今のための-ing形

正しい文章はどれですか？

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: They have a big house.
主語が they, we, you, I の時は、has ではなく have を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 私は好き、私は欲しい、私は必要、私は持っている：あなたの4つの中心動詞

間違いを見つけて直してね

Find and fix the mistake:

My brother like pizza.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My brother likes pizza.
My brother は「彼（He）」と同じなので、動詞に 's' が必要だよ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 私が行く、あなたが行く：基本的な動作動詞を使う

正しい形を選んでね

We ___ English lessons every Tuesday.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: have
主語が 'We' の時は、動詞はそのままの形（have）を使うよ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 私が行く、あなたが行く：基本的な動作動詞を使う

正しい動詞の形を選んでください。

She ___ a new laptop for her studies.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: wants
主語が she, he, it の時は、動詞に「-s」を付けます。したがって wants が正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 私は好き、私は欲しい、私は必要、私は持っている：あなたの4つの中心動詞

提案を完成させるために正しい形を選んでください。

It's a beautiful day! Let's ___ outside.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: go
Let's の後ろは常に動詞の原形を使います。 go が正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「Let's」を使った提案の仕方

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

これら4つの動詞は、人間の基本的な意思表示に欠かせません。好みなら like、欲求なら want、必要性なら need、所有なら have を使います。 I like English のように、自分について話す第一歩になります。
主語が he, she, it（または「私の友達」のような単数の名詞）の時に -s を付けます。例えば、 He likes pizza や She wants coffee となります。
誰かが何をするかを表す言葉のことだよ。 run, eat, sleep など、英語の文章の核になる部分だね。
I run in the park.
主語が I, you, we, they や、複数の人・物の時はそのままの形でOK！
We study English every day.
ペアになる「主語」が違います！ I, you, we, they なら don't、he, she, it なら doesn't を使いましょう。 "He doesn't play tennis."
英語では、一般動詞の否定文を作る時に「助動詞」という助っ人が必要なんです。ルールとして決まっているんですよ。 "I don't like it."
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