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A1 noun #2,500 가장 일반적인 9분 분량

enero

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 enero 30초 만에
설명 enero in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'enero' is a basic vocabulary word you need to talk about dates and your birthday. You learn that it is the first month of the year. You should focus on saying 'en enero' (in January) and 'el uno de enero' (January 1st). Remember that in Spanish, we don't use a capital letter for 'enero'. It is a masculine word, so we say 'el enero'. You will use it to answer simple questions like '¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?' (When is your birthday?). It is one of the twelve months you must memorize early on. You will also see it on calendars and in basic weather descriptions, like 'En enero hace frío' (In January it is cold). This level is about simple identification and usage in basic sentences.
At the A2 level, you begin to use 'enero' in more complex sentences involving past and future plans. You might say 'El enero pasado fui a España' (Last January I went to Spain) or 'El próximo enero voy a estudiar más' (Next January I am going to study more). You also learn the specific date format: [day] + de + [month]. For example, 'el seis de enero' is a very important date in Spanish culture (Three Kings Day). You should be able to describe the weather in January using more adjectives and talk about your routine during this month. You are also introduced to the concept of 'la cuesta de enero', which refers to the financial struggle after the holidays, though you might only use it in simple contexts.
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At the B1 level, you use 'enero' to discuss traditions, habits, and more abstract concepts like 'New Year's resolutions' (propósitos de Año Nuevo). You can explain why January is important in your country compared to Spanish-speaking countries. You will use 'enero' in the subjunctive mood occasionally, such as 'Espero que enero sea un buen mes' (I hope January is a good month). You understand the cultural significance of 'las rebajas de enero' (the January sales) and can discuss shopping habits. Your vocabulary expands to include terms like 'a principios de enero' (at the beginning of January) and 'a finales de enero' (at the end of January). You can also handle more complex time-related prepositions and conjunctions.
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At the B2 level, you can use 'enero' in sophisticated discussions about economics, climate change, or sociology. For instance, you might analyze how 'la cuesta de enero' affects the national economy or how the weather patterns in January have shifted over the decades. You are comfortable using the word in various idiomatic expressions and can distinguish between formal and informal registers. You might read news articles where January is used as a benchmark for fiscal reports. Your use of the word is natural, and you no longer make mistakes with capitalization or gender. You can also use it in complex hypothetical sentences: 'Si hubiera hecho más frío en enero, habríamos ido a esquiar'.
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At the C1 level, 'enero' is used with full native-like nuance. You understand its metaphorical uses in literature and poetry, where it might symbolize a cold heart or a fresh start. You can participate in deep cultural debates about the commercialization of 'enero' and its holidays. You are aware of regional variations in how January is celebrated across the Spanish-speaking world, from the 'Feria de Manizales' in Colombia to the summer festivals in the Southern Cone. You can write formal reports or essays where January serves as a temporal anchor, using advanced connectors and a rich variety of synonyms and related technical terms (e.g., 'el primer solsticio tras el inicio de enero').
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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'enero' is absolute. You can appreciate the finest linguistic subtleties, such as the use of 'enero' in archaic texts or specific regional dialects. You can engage in high-level academic or professional discourse where January is mentioned, such as historical analysis of events that occurred in that month. You understand the etymological roots perfectly and can play with the word in creative writing or wordplay. You can effortlessly switch between the cultural contexts of January in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, adapting your speech and references perfectly to your audience. The word is no longer a 'vocabulary item' but a versatile tool in your extensive linguistic repertoire.
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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

enero 30초 만에

  • Enero is the first month of the year, consisting of 31 days and following December.
  • In Spanish, it is a masculine noun and is not capitalized unless at the start of a sentence.
  • Culturally, it marks the start of new resolutions and the 'cuesta de enero' financial period.
  • Key dates include New Year's Day (Jan 1) and Three Kings Day (Jan 6).

The word enero represents the inaugural month of the Gregorian calendar, a period of transition, reflection, and new beginnings. In the Spanish-speaking world, as in much of the West, it is the month that follows the festive intensity of December and marks the start of a new numerical year. Etymologically, the word derives from the Latin Ianuarius, named after Janus, the Roman god of gates, doors, and beginnings. Janus is famously depicted with two faces—one looking back at the past year and one looking forward to the future—a duality that perfectly encapsulates the essence of enero.

Temporal Placement
It is the first of twelve months, consisting of 31 days.
Seasonal Context (North)
In the Northern Hemisphere (Spain, Mexico, etc.), it is the heart of winter, characterized by cold temperatures and short days.
Seasonal Context (South)
In the Southern Hemisphere (Argentina, Chile, etc.), it is the height of summer, often associated with beach vacations and heat.

"En enero, el frío es el compañero más fiel del caminante en las calles de Madrid."

— Example of literary usage

Beyond its chronological function, enero carries a heavy cultural weight. It is the month of the 'cuesta de enero' (the January slope), a term used to describe the financial and emotional difficulty of returning to normalcy after the expenses and celebrations of Christmas. It is a time for 'propósitos de Año Nuevo' (New Year's resolutions), where individuals commit to gyms, diets, or learning new languages like Spanish. The month is anchored by the celebration of the Epiphany on January 6th, known as 'El Día de los Reyes Magos', which is arguably more significant for children in many Spanish-speaking cultures than Christmas itself.

Mi cumpleaños es el quince de enero.

In terms of linguistic frequency, enero is one of the first nouns a student learns. It is essential for scheduling, discussing history, and describing personal milestones. Whether you are talking about the 'vientos de enero' or the 'rebajas de enero' (January sales), the word is ubiquitous. It functions as a masculine noun: el enero caluroso or un enero frío. When used with prepositions, it most commonly follows 'en' to indicate when an event occurs: 'Nos vemos en enero'.

El seis de enero comemos el Roscón de Reyes.

Symbolism
Fresh starts, cold (North), heat (South), austerity, planning.
Etymology
From Latin 'Ianuarius', related to 'ianua' (door).

Todo parece posible al principio de enero.

Ultimately, enero is more than just a page on a calendar; it is a psychological state of resetting the clock. It represents the collective human desire to begin again, to correct past mistakes, and to face the future with renewed vigor, regardless of the weather outside.

Using the word enero correctly involves understanding its grammatical gender, its relationship with prepositions, and its capitalization rules. As a masculine noun, it is preceded by masculine articles: el enero, un enero. However, in common speech, the article is often omitted when talking about the month in general or when using it with the preposition 'en'. For example, you say 'Estamos en enero' (We are in January), not 'Estamos en el enero'.

Prepositional Usage
Use 'en' for general timing: 'En enero hace frío'. Use 'de' for specific dates: 'El 1 de enero'.
Capitalization
Always lowercase: 'enero', unless it starts a sentence.

Empezaré mi dieta el primero de enero.

When discussing dates, Spanish uses the structure [number] + 'de' + [month]. For the first day of the month, you can use 'el uno de enero' or 'el primero de enero'. Both are correct, though 'primero' is very common in Latin America. For all other days, use the cardinal number: 'el dos de enero', 'el veinte de enero'. Note that the word enero remains unchanged regardless of the day being discussed.

In business contexts, enero is crucial for fiscal planning. You might hear phrases like 'el cierre de enero' (the January closing) or 'la planificación de enero'. In these cases, the word functions as a standard noun. Adjectives following the month must agree in gender (masculine): 'un enero productivo', 'un enero largo'. The phrase 'la cuesta de enero' is a fixed idiomatic expression that you should learn as a single unit to describe the post-holiday financial squeeze.

¿Tienes planes para el próximo enero?

Common Verbs
Empezar (to start), terminar (to end), celebrar (to celebrate).
Time Expressions
A principios de enero (at the beginning), a mediados de enero (in the middle), a finales de enero (at the end).

Finally, remember that in Spanish, we don't usually use the possessive 'my January' unless speaking poetically. Instead of 'Mi enero fue bueno', we say 'Mi mes de enero fue bueno' or simply 'Enero fue un buen mes para mí'. This subtle difference helps you sound more like a native speaker.

You will encounter the word enero in a vast array of daily situations, ranging from casual conversations to formal news broadcasts. In the media, especially around the turn of the year, news anchors will frequently mention enero when discussing the 'balance del año' (year's summary) or predicting economic trends for the 'nuevo año'. Weather reports are another common place; in Spain, you'll hear about 'las heladas de enero' (January frosts), while in Argentina, you'll hear about 'la ola de calor de enero' (the January heatwave).

El reporte del clima para enero indica mucha nieve.

In social settings, enero is the star of small talk. People ask each other, '¿Qué tal tu enero?' or '¿Cómo va la cuesta de enero?'. It is also heard in songs and seen in literature. Many poets use January as a metaphor for loneliness or a clean slate. In the commercial world, 'las rebajas de enero' (January sales) is a phrase plastered across every storefront in Spain, as it is the traditional time for massive discounts after the Three Kings Day.

TV/Radio
News about the new year, economic forecasts, and holiday recaps.
Shopping
Advertisements for 'las rebajas' (sales).
Workplace
Setting deadlines and starting new projects.

In religious and cultural festivals, the word is spoken with excitement during the 'Cabalgata de Reyes' on the evening of January 5th, leading into the morning of enero 6th. Families gather and the word is used in the context of tradition and gift-giving. You might also hear it in the context of 'enero seco' (Dry January), a growing trend in some Spanish-speaking urban areas where people abstain from alcohol after the holidays.

Las rebajas de enero son las mejores del año.

Whether you are listening to a podcast about productivity, watching a telenovela where a character mentions their winter wedding, or simply checking your phone's calendar, enero is a fundamental building block of the Spanish auditory experience.

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers learning Spanish is the capitalization of enero. In English, 'January' is always capitalized because it is a proper noun. In Spanish, months are considered common nouns and are written in lowercase: enero. The only exceptions are when the word starts a sentence or is part of a formal name of a place or event (e.g., 'Avenida 20 de Enero').

Another common mistake involves the use of prepositions. Students often try to translate 'in January' as 'en el enero'. While 'en' is the correct translation for 'in', the definite article 'el' is usually not used in this context. You should simply say 'en enero'. However, if you are specifying a certain January (e.g., 'the January of 2020'), then you would use the article: 'el enero de 2020'.

Incorrecto: Nos vemos en el enero.
Correcto: Nos vemos en enero.

Gender Confusion
Some learners mistakenly think months are feminine because they end in 'o' (confusing it with other rules) or 'a'. All months in Spanish are masculine.
Date Format
In Spanish, the day comes before the month. Saying 'Enero 5' is an anglicism. The correct way is '5 de enero'.

The phrase 'la cuesta de enero' is often misused by students who try to translate 'the January slope' literally as 'la pendiente de enero'. While 'pendiente' means slope, the cultural idiom specifically uses 'cuesta'. Using the wrong word will make the phrase lose its idiomatic meaning of financial hardship.

No digas "Enero cinco", di "cinco de enero".

Finally, watch out for pronunciation. The 'e' at the beginning of enero is a short, crisp sound /e/, not the 'ee' sound found in 'eat' or the 'ay' sound in 'pay'. Also, the 'r' is a single tap, not the English 'r'. Practicing the word as 'eh-NEH-roh' will help avoid a thick foreign accent.

To fully master enero, it is helpful to understand the words that surround it in the semantic field of time and calendars. The most obvious related words are the other months of the year, particularly diciembre (December) and febrero (February). Understanding the sequence helps solidify the position of January in your mind.

Mes
The general word for 'month'. Enero is the first 'mes' of the year.
Año Nuevo
New Year. This holiday is inextricably linked to the first day of enero.
Invierno / Verano
Depending on the hemisphere, enero is synonymous with one of these seasons.

Después de enero viene febrero.

There are also words related to the feeling of January. Comienzo or inicio (beginning/start) are often used as synonyms for the role January plays in the calendar. If you are talking about the 'cuesta de enero', related words include gastos (expenses), ahorro (savings), and presupuesto (budget).

In terms of weather, words like frío (cold), nieve (snow), and hielo (ice) are common companions in the Northern Hemisphere. In the Southern Hemisphere, you would associate it with calor (heat), playa (beach), and vacaciones (vacations). Learning these clusters of words helps you build a mental map of the language.

El invierno empieza antes de enero.

Calendario
The physical or digital object where you find enero.
Trimestre
Enero is the first month of the first 'trimestre' (quarter) of the year.

By connecting enero to these related concepts, you move beyond simple translation and begin to think in Spanish, associating the month with the specific cultural and environmental realities it represents.

How Formal Is It?

난이도

알아야 할 문법

Lowercase for months

Date format (Day + de + Month)

Masculine gender for time periods

Preposition 'en' for time

Use of 'primero' vs 'uno'

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수준별 예문

1

Enero es el primer mes.

January is the first month.

Note the lowercase 'e' in enero.

2

Mi cumpleaños es en enero.

My birthday is in January.

Use 'en' to say 'in'.

3

En enero hace mucho frío.

In January it is very cold.

The verb 'hace' is used for weather.

4

Hoy es uno de enero.

Today is January first.

You can say 'uno' or 'primero'.

5

Enero tiene treinta y un días.

January has thirty-one days.

Months are masculine.

6

No me gusta el frío de enero.

I don't like the January cold.

The article 'el' is used here before 'frío'.

7

¿Qué haces en enero?

What do you do in January?

Simple present tense question.

8

Enero es un mes largo.

January is a long month.

Adjective agreement (masculine).

1

El seis de enero es el Día de Reyes.

January 6th is Three Kings Day.

Specific date format: [number] de [month].

2

Fuimos a la montaña en enero pasado.

We went to the mountains last January.

Use 'pasado' after the month.

3

Quiero empezar el gimnasio en enero.

I want to start the gym in January.

Common New Year's resolution context.

4

En enero siempre hay rebajas.

In January there are always sales.

'Hay' means 'there is/are'.

5

Enero es el mes más caluroso en Argentina.

January is the hottest month in Argentina.

Superlative construction.

6

Mis vacaciones terminan a finales de enero.

My vacations end at the end of January.

'A finales de' is a useful time expression.

7

El próximo enero visitaré a mi abuela.

Next January I will visit my grandmother.

Future tense usage.

8

No tengo dinero por la cuesta de enero.

I have no money because of the January slope.

Introduction to the idiom 'cuesta de enero'.

1

Espero que enero no sea tan frío como diciembre.

I hope January isn't as cold as December.

Subjunctive mood after 'espero que'.

2

A principios de enero, todos hacen propósitos.

At the beginning of January, everyone makes resolutions.

'A principios de' means 'at the beginning of'.

3

Si tuviera tiempo, viajaría en enero.

If I had time, I would travel in January.

Conditional sentence.

4

La ciudad está muy tranquila en enero.

The city is very quiet in January.

Using 'estar' for a temporary state.

5

He decidido dejar de fumar este enero.

I have decided to quit smoking this January.

Present perfect for recent decisions.

6

Enero es ideal para reflexionar sobre el futuro.

January is ideal for reflecting on the future.

Abstract usage of the month.

7

Las clases comienzan a mediados de enero.

Classes start in the middle of January.

'A mediados de' is a common time phrase.

8

Siempre me siento motivado cuando llega enero.

I always feel motivated when January arrives.

Temporal clause with 'cuando'.

1

La inflación suele subir durante el mes de enero.

Inflation usually rises during the month of January.

Economic context.

2

Superar la cuesta de enero requiere mucha disciplina.

Overcoming the January slope requires a lot of discipline.

Gerund/Infinitive as a subject.

3

Se dice que enero es el mes más triste del año.

It is said that January is the saddest month of the year.

Passive 'se' construction.

4

A pesar del frío de enero, salimos a caminar.

Despite the January cold, we went out for a walk.

Concessive clause with 'a pesar de'.

5

Enero marca un punto de inflexión en la empresa.

January marks a turning point in the company.

Metaphorical usage.

6

Dudo que el clima mejore antes de finales de enero.

I doubt the weather will improve before the end of January.

Subjunctive after 'dudo que'.

7

Habíamos planeado el evento para enero, pero se canceló.

We had planned the event for January, but it was canceled.

Past perfect tense.

8

El consumo cae drásticamente después de enero.

Consumption drops drastically after January.

Analyzing trends.

1

Enero se presenta como un lienzo en blanco para el artista.

January presents itself as a blank canvas for the artist.

Poetic/Literary personification.

2

La austeridad de enero contrasta con los excesos previos.

The austerity of January contrasts with the previous excesses.

High-level vocabulary (austeridad, excesos).

3

Resulta fascinante cómo enero altera el ritmo urbano.

It is fascinating how January alters the urban rhythm.

Complex sentence structure.

4

Muchos autores sitúan sus relatos más melancólicos en enero.

Many authors set their most melancholy stories in January.

Literary analysis context.

5

Enero es, por antonomasia, el mes de la renovación.

January is, par excellence, the month of renewal.

Use of the phrase 'por antonomasia'.

6

No es de extrañar que enero sea tan temido financieramente.

It is no wonder that January is so feared financially.

Complex impersonal expression.

7

Bajo el gélido manto de enero, la naturaleza descansa.

Under the icy mantle of January, nature rests.

Metaphorical/Descriptive language.

8

La planificación estratégica debe concluirse antes de enero.

Strategic planning must be concluded before January.

Formal passive voice.

1

Enero, con su bicefalia jánica, nos obliga a la introspección.

January, with its Janic bicephaly, forces us into introspection.

Highly academic/Classical reference.

2

Se cierne sobre nosotros la sempiterna cuesta de enero.

The everlasting January slope looms over us.

Use of sophisticated verb 'cernerse' and adjective 'sempiterna'.

3

La estampa de un enero nevado evoca nostalgias pretéritas.

The image of a snowy January evokes past nostalgias.

Elevated vocabulary (estampa, pretéritas).

4

Resulta imperativo mitigar los efectos del frío en enero.

It is imperative to mitigate the effects of the cold in January.

Formal administrative tone.

5

Enero funge como catalizador de cambios estructurales.

January serves as a catalyst for structural changes.

Use of the verb 'fungir'.

6

Aquel enero fatídico cambió el curso de la historia nacional.

That fateful January changed the course of national history.

Historical narrative style.

7

La luz de enero posee una nitidez casi quirúrgica.

The January light has an almost surgical clarity.

Abstract descriptive nuance.

8

Pese a las vicisitudes, enero siempre trae consigo esperanza.

Despite the vicissitudes, January always brings hope with it.

Use of 'vicisitudes' and 'trae consigo'.

자주 쓰는 조합

principios de enero
finales de enero
mediados de enero
frío de enero
nieve de enero
calor de enero
mes de enero
todo enero
cada enero
durante enero

자주 쓰는 구문

la cuesta de enero
las rebajas de enero
propósitos de enero
el uno de enero
el seis de enero
en pleno enero
desde enero
hasta enero
enero seco
vientos de enero

자주 혼동되는 단어

enero vs enero (January) vs. enero (not confused with other words, but check spelling)

enero vs enero vs. enero (capitalization error)

enero vs enero vs. febrero (order confusion)

관용어 및 표현

"La cuesta de enero"
"Enero helado, febrero trastornado"
"En enero, bufanda, capa y sombrero"
"Enero mojado, bueno para el campo"
"Sol de enero, amor de suegro"
"Enero, buen mes para el carbonero"
"Enero y febrero, hinchan el granero"
"Por enero, el frío es caballero"
"En enero, se hiela el agua en el puchero"
"Día de Reyes, enero seis"

혼동하기 쉬운

enero vs

enero vs

enero vs

enero vs

enero vs

문장 패턴

어휘 가족

관련

añonuevo, mensual
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사용법

dates

Day + de + Month is the standard.

prepositions

'En' is most common for general time.

capitalization

Never capitalize unless it's the first word.

자주 하는 실수
  • Capitalizing 'Enero'.
  • Using 'en el enero' instead of 'en enero'.
  • Saying 'Enero 1' instead of '1 de enero'.
  • Confusing the pronunciation with English 'January'.
  • Thinking 'enero' is feminine.

팁

Lowercase

Always write enero in lowercase unless it starts a sentence.

Reyes Magos

January 6th is a major holiday in Spain and Mexico.

Cuesta de enero

Use this phrase to talk about being broke after Christmas.

The 'E'

The first 'e' is like 'egg', not 'eagle'.

Dates

Write '15 de enero', not 'Enero 15'.

Prepositions

Use 'en' for months: 'En enero voy a viajar'.

Association

Associate 'enero' with 'energía' (energy) for the new year.

Rebajas

January is the best time for discounts in Spain.

Hemispheres

Remember the season flip between Spain and Argentina.

Proverbs

Learn 'En enero, bufanda y sombrero' for fun.

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'Entry' - Enero is the entry to the year.

어원

Latin

문화적 맥락

Three Kings Day is the highlight.

Rosca de Reyes and family gatherings.

The 'cuesta de enero' economic phenomenon.

Summer beach season.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

대화 시작하기

"¿Qué propósitos tienes para este enero?"

"¿Cómo celebras el seis de enero en tu país?"

"¿Prefieres el enero de España o el de Argentina?"

"¿Ya has ido a las rebajas de enero?"

"¿Es enero un mes difícil para ti económicamente?"

일기 주제

Describe tu día ideal de enero.

¿Qué metas quieres alcanzar antes de que termine enero?

Escribe sobre una tradición que tengas en enero.

¿Cómo cambia tu ciudad durante el mes de enero?

Reflexiona sobre lo que aprendiste el enero pasado.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

No, en español los meses se escriben con minúscula.

Es masculino, por lo tanto es 'el enero'.

Se dice 'el uno de enero' o 'el primero de enero'.

Es la dificultad económica después de los gastos de Navidad.

Enero tiene treinta y un días.

Viene del dios romano Jano (Janus).

Depende del hemisferio; norte es invierno, sur es verano.

Lo correcto es decir 'en enero'.

Es el seis de enero.

Sí, es un sustantivo común en español.

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셀프 테스트 180 질문

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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