Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
In Croatian, almost every noun ends in a specific letter that tells you if it is masculine, feminine, or neuter.
- Masculine nouns usually end in a consonant: 'stol' (table).
- Feminine nouns usually end in -a: 'žena' (woman).
- Neuter nouns usually end in -o or -e: 'selo' (village).
Gender Identification Table
| Gender | Ending | Example | English |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Masculine
|
Consonant
|
Stol
|
Table
|
|
Feminine
|
-a
|
Škola
|
School
|
|
Neuter
|
-o
|
Selo
|
Village
|
|
Neuter
|
-e
|
Dijete
|
Child
|
Meanings
Croatian nouns are categorized into three genders, which dictates how adjectives and verbs must agree with them.
Basic Gender Identification
Classifying a noun based on its nominative singular ending.
“Pas je brz.”
“Kuća je stara.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Masculine
|
Noun + Consonant
|
Grad
|
|
Feminine
|
Noun + -a
|
Kuća
|
|
Neuter
|
Noun + -o
|
Pismo
|
|
Neuter
|
Noun + -e
|
More
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
Stol je velik. (Describing furniture)
Stol je velik. (Describing furniture)
Stol je velik. (Describing furniture)
Stol je ogroman. (Describing furniture)
Gender Tree
Masculine
- Stol Table
Feminine
- Kuća House
Neuter
- Selo Village
수준별 예문
Stol je velik.
The table is big.
Kava je vruća.
The coffee is hot.
More je lijepo.
The sea is beautiful.
Pas je brz.
The dog is fast.
Moj prijatelj je ovdje.
My friend is here.
Moja sestra radi.
My sister is working.
To je moje pismo.
That is my letter.
Luka je dobar čovjek.
Luka is a good man.
Ovaj grad ima dugu povijest.
This city has a long history.
Ta žena je vrlo pametna.
That woman is very smart.
Dijete se igra vani.
The child is playing outside.
Sunce sja jako.
The sun is shining brightly.
Njegova odluka je bila ispravna.
His decision was correct.
Svi su ljudi jednaki.
All people are equal.
Vrijeme je dragocjeno.
Time is precious.
Kuća je sagrađena prošle godine.
The house was built last year.
Njegova sudbina bila je zapečaćena.
His fate was sealed.
Ovo je pitanje od nacionalnog značaja.
This is a question of national importance.
Svemir je beskonačan.
The universe is infinite.
Njezina inteligencija je fascinantna.
Her intelligence is fascinating.
Duh vremena diktira naše postupke.
The spirit of the time dictates our actions.
Njezina melankolija bila je gotovo opipljiva.
Her melancholy was almost tangible.
Ovo je djelo vrhunac umjetnosti.
This work is the pinnacle of art.
Sloboda je temeljno pravo.
Freedom is a fundamental right.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners often mix up nouns ending in consonants and those ending in -o.
Nouns ending in -a are usually feminine, but some are masculine.
Plural endings can look like singular endings.
자주 하는 실수
Stola (feminine)
Stol (masculine)
Kuć (masculine)
Kuća (feminine)
More (masculine)
More (neuter)
Pisma (feminine)
Pismo (neuter)
Luka (feminine)
Luka (masculine)
Sunca (feminine)
Sunce (neuter)
Djet (masculine)
Dijete (neuter)
Gradovi (feminine)
Gradovi (masculine)
Sela (feminine)
Sela (neuter)
Žene (masculine)
Žene (feminine)
Bol (masculine)
Bol (feminine)
Krv (masculine)
Krv (feminine)
Noć (masculine)
Noć (feminine)
문장 패턴
___ je ___.
Ovo je moj/moja/moje ___.
Taj/Ta/To ___ je ___.
Njegova/Njezina ___ je ___.
Real World Usage
Moja nova slika!
Gdje si?
Moja radna iskustva.
Ovaj hotel je super.
Jedna pizza, molim.
Ovo istraživanje je važno.
Check the dictionary
Don't trust meaning
Use adjectives
Listen to natives
Smart Tips
Always learn the noun with its adjective.
Assume it is feminine unless it is a male name.
Assume it is neuter.
Assume it is masculine.
발음
Consonant endings
Make sure to pronounce the final consonant clearly.
Declarative
Stol je velik. ↘
Falling intonation for statements.
암기하기
기억법
Consonants are tough like men, -a is soft like women, -o/-e is neutral for the rest.
시각적 연상
Imagine a table (Stol) made of hard wood (Masculine), a house (Kuća) with a soft garden (Feminine), and a village (Selo) in the middle (Neuter).
Rhyme
Consonant is he, -a is she, -o or -e is neuter to be.
Story
A man named 'Stol' walks to a house ('Kuća') in a village ('Selo'). He is strong (Masculine), she is kind (Feminine), and the village is peaceful (Neuter).
Word Web
챌린지
Look around your room for 5 minutes and label every object you see as masculine, feminine, or neuter.
문화 노트
Gender is strictly observed in all regions.
Some words might have different gender usage in dialects.
Standard gender rules apply universally.
Croatian gender stems from Proto-Slavic, which inherited the three-gender system from Proto-Indo-European.
대화 시작하기
Što je ovo?
Tko je to?
Kakav je taj grad?
Što misliš o tom pitanju?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
Stol je ___ (masculine/feminine/neuter).
Kuć___ je stara.
Find and fix the mistake:
Selo je velik.
More / plavo / je.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Pas, Žena, Dijete.
Stol je velik -> ___ su veliki.
A: Što je ovo? B: Ovo je ___ (pismo).
Score: /8
연습 문제
8 exercisesStol je ___ (masculine/feminine/neuter).
Kuć___ je stara.
Find and fix the mistake:
Selo je velik.
More / plavo / je.
Grad - Masculine, Škola - Feminine, Pismo - Neuter.
Pas, Žena, Dijete.
Stol je velik -> ___ su veliki.
A: Što je ovo? B: Ovo je ___ (pismo).
Score: /8
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
It dictates how adjectives and verbs change.
Yes, but they are rare for beginners.
Look at the ending in the dictionary.
Yes, it is very common for abstract nouns.
No, gender is fixed for each noun.
Yes, based on the person's gender.
Only partially, as Croatian has a neuter gender.
Natives will understand, but it will sound incorrect.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Der/Die/Das
German uses articles; Croatian does not.
El/La
Spanish lacks the neuter gender for most nouns.
Le/La
French gender is often arbitrary; Croatian is morphological.
None
Japanese lacks the entire concept of noun gender.
Al-
Arabic gender is based on the ta marbuta suffix.
None
Chinese lacks the entire concept of noun gender.
