A1 Present Tense 12 min read Easy

Telling Time in Spanish (¿Qué hora es?)

Always use feminine articles and the verb 'ser' to tell time, matching 'es' or 'son' to the hour.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'Es la' for 1:00 and 'Son las' for all other hours, adding minutes with 'y' or 'menos'.

  • Use 'Es la' only for 1:00. Example: 'Es la una'.
  • Use 'Son las' for 2:00 through 12:00. Example: 'Son las dos'.
  • Connect minutes with 'y' (past) or 'menos' (to). Example: 'Son las tres y diez'.
Es la/Son las + [Hour] + y/menos + [Minutes]

Overview

In Spanish, telling time is not merely a transactional exchange of numbers; it's an act of grammatical definition. The core principle is that you are stating the identity of the present moment. This is why Spanish uses the verb ser (to be), the same verb used for essential characteristics like soy alto (I am tall).

The time isn't in a temporary state; it simply is.

The entire system is built upon the feminine noun la hora (the hour). Even though you don't always say the word hora, its feminine gender governs the structure of every time-telling phrase. This forces the use of the feminine articles la and las.

Think of la hora as the silent, invisible anchor for the entire concept. Consequently, telling time in Spanish is a constant exercise in noun-adjective and subject-verb agreement, centered on this feminine, and usually plural, idea. The fundamental distinction you must master is between the singular one o'clock hour and all other plural hours.

Conjugation Table

Situation Verb Form Article Core Example English Equivalent
:--- :--- :--- :--- :---
For the 1 o'clock hour Es la Es la una. It is one o'clock.
For all other hours (2-12) Son las Son las cuatro. It is four o'clock.
For noon or midnight Es (none) Es mediodía. It is noon.

How This Grammar Works

Understanding the role of each word in the phrase is key to mastering the structure. A typical time-telling sentence like Son las dos is composed of three essential parts: the verb, the article, and the number.
1. The Verb: ser
Spanish uses ser because you are defining the hour. You are making a statement of identity: "What time is it?" "It is two." This is an absolute, defining characteristic of the moment. The verb estar, by contrast, is used for conditions or locations (estoy en casa, I am at home; estoy cansado, I am tired).
The time is never in a condition; it simply is. This is why Es la una is correct, while Está la una is a fundamental error suggesting the hour is in a temporary mood or location.
2. The Article: la or las
The definite article is non-negotiable and is always feminine. This is a direct consequence of the governing noun la hora. You must use la for the one o'clock hour because una is singular (la hora).
You must use las for all other hours because they are plural (las horas). For example, Son las cinco is grammatically equivalent to saying "They are the five hours." Forgetting the article is a common mistake that sounds unnatural to a native speaker, like saying "Is three o'clock" in English.
3. The Number: una, dos, tres...
The numbers function as nouns in this context. When you say Es la una, una agrees in gender with la hora. Although most numbers in Spanish don't have gender, the number uno changes to una to match a feminine noun.
For all other hours, like Son las dos, the numbers (dos, tres, etc.) do not change, but the plural article las signals that you are talking about multiple units of time.

Formation Pattern

1
Once you understand the components, you can build any time expression using a few reliable patterns. The main variation depends on the minute hand's position on the clock.
2
Pattern 1: The Exact Hour
3
This is the simplest form. Use en punto for emphasis, but it is not required.
4
Es la una (en punto). (It's 1:00 sharp.)
5
Son las diez (en punto). (It's 10:00 sharp.)
6
Pattern 2: The First Half-Hour (Minutes 1-29)
7
The formula is [Time] + y + [Minutes]. The word y means "and."
8
Son las siete y diez. (7:10)
9
Es la una y veinticinco. (1:25)
10
For 15 and 30 minutes past the hour, Spanish uses specific, more common expressions:
11
| Time | Common Expression | Literal Meaning | Example |
12
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
13
| :15 | y cuarto | and a quarter | Son las nueve y cuarto. (9:15) |
14
| :30 | y media | and a half | Son las dos y media. (2:30) |
15
While you can say y quince or y treinta, using y cuarto and y media sounds more natural and fluent.
16
Pattern 3: The Second Half-Hour (Minutes 31-59)
17
This is the most complex rule with significant regional variation.
18
The Digital Method (Universal, common in Latin America): This is the simplest and most direct way. You state the hour and the minutes, just like a digital clock. It is understood everywhere.
19
Son las seis y cuarenta. (6:40)
20
Es la una y cincuenta y cinco. (1:55)
21
The menos Method (Traditional, common in Spain): This method involves going to the next hour and subtracting the minutes. The word menos means "minus" or "less."
22
Formula: Son las [Next Hour] + menos + [Minutes until the hour]
23
Son las siete menos veinte. (It's 7 minus 20 minutes = 6:40)
24
Son las tres menos cuarto. (It's 3 minus a quarter = 2:45)
25
Es la una menos cinco. (It's 1 minus 5 minutes = 12:55)
26
The para Method (Alternative, some parts of Latin America): This focuses on the time remaining until the next hour. It often uses the verb faltar (to be lacking).
27
Faltan veinte para las siete. (20 minutes are lacking for 7:00 = 6:40)
28
Falta un cuarto para las tres. (A quarter is lacking for 3:00 = 2:45)

When To Use It

Telling time is fundamental for coordinating daily life. You use this grammar in several key situations, often involving the preposition a (at).
  • To ask for the current time:
  • ¿Qué hora es? (What time is it?)
  • To state the current time:
  • Son las tres y media. (It's 3:30.)
  • To state when an event occurs. This is the most important use case and requires the preposition a. The phrase a qué hora translates to "at what time." The answer must also include a.
  • ¿A qué hora es la reunión? (At what time is the meeting?)
  • La reunión es a las cuatro. (The meeting is at four.)
  • El vuelo sale a la una de la tarde. (The flight leaves at one in the afternoon.)
  • To specify the time of day: Since the 12-hour clock is common in speech, you add context with these phrases:
  • de la mañana (in the morning, AM): Son las ocho de la mañana.
  • de la tarde (in the afternoon/evening, PM): Son las cinco de la tarde.
  • de la noche (at night, PM): Son las diez de la noche.

When Not To Use It

Learners often over-apply the time-telling structure. It is crucial to distinguish between defining the time and describing a duration.
  • Do NOT use it to express duration. To say how long something lasts, use nouns like horas, minutos, or días, often with prepositions like por or durante.
  • Correct: Esperé por dos horas. (I waited for two hours.)
  • Incorrect: Esperé son las dos.
  • Do NOT use it when simply counting hours. If you are quantifying hours as an object, you do not use the ser + article structure.
  • Correct: Tengo que trabajar ocho horas hoy. (I have to work eight hours today.)
  • Incorrect: Tengo que trabajar son las ocho hoy.
  • Do NOT add the word horas. The phrase Son las cuatro already implies "hours." Adding the word horas (Son las cuatro horas) is redundant and sounds unnatural, like a robot announcing the time. The only exception is in very formal or technical writing, but it should be avoided in conversation.

Common Mistakes

Avoiding these common errors will significantly improve your fluency and accuracy.
  • Mistake: Using masculine articles: Es el uno or Son los dos.
  • Correction: Es la una. Son las dos.
  • Reason: The governing noun is la hora (feminine). All articles must agree with it.
  • Mistake: Using the plural verb son for one o'clock: Son la una.
  • Correction: Es la una.
  • Reason: Una is a single unit, requiring the singular third-person verb es.
  • Mistake: Using estar instead of ser: Está la una.
  • Correction: Es la una.
  • Reason: Time is an identity, not a temporary state or condition. Ser defines what it is; estar describes how it is.
  • Mistake: Forgetting the article entirely: Es una or Son dos.
  • Correction: Es la una. Son las dos.
  • Reason: The definite article (la/las) is a required part of the structure. Without it, the phrase is incomplete.

Memory Trick

To internalize the core rules, use this two-part mnemonic.

1. The Clock is a Lady (La Dama del Reloj): Imagine that a clock's face is a person, and that person is a lady (una dama). Since she is feminine, everything she says about her identity (the time) must be feminine. She would never refer to herself with el or los. She says la una and las dos. This visual reinforces the feminine gender agreement tied to la hora.

2. Ser's Equal Sign: Think of the verb ser as a mathematical equals sign (=). It establishes an identity. When you say Son las tres, you are really saying Current Moment = 3 o'clock. This is a statement of fact, not a temporary condition. Estar is for states that can change, like weather (está nublado) or mood (estoy feliz). The identity of 3:00 PM is fixed.

Real Conversations

Spanish speakers, like anyone, shorten language in informal contexts. Here is how you will see and hear time told in real life.

- Texting / WhatsApp: Abbreviations and a direct style are common.

- A: nos vemos mañana? a q hora? (see you tomorrow? at what time?)

- B: dale. a las 8 en el café de siempre (ok. at 8 at the usual café)

- Informal Spoken Request: It's very common to ask for the time with tener.

- Person 1: Perdona, ¿tienes hora? (Excuse me, do you have the time?)

- Person 2: Claro, son las seis y veinte. (Sure, it's 6:20.)

- Making Plans on the Fly:

- —¿Vamos al cine esta noche? La función es a las nueve menos cuarto. (Should we go to the movies tonight? The show is at quarter to nine.)

- —Perfecto. Te paso a buscar a las ocho y media. (Perfect. I'll pick you up at 8:30.)

- Formal/Work Context (24-hour clock):

- La entrega está programada para el martes a las 16:00. (The delivery is scheduled for Tuesday at 16:00.) In this context, you read it as a las dieciséis or a las cuatro de la tarde if speaking.

Contrast With Similar Patterns

It is easy to confuse the structures for telling time with those for telling the date or specifying an event time. The key is the article.
Contrast 1: ¿Qué hora es? vs. ¿A qué hora es?
This is the most critical distinction for practical communication.
  • ¿Qué hora es? asks what the time is now. The answer states the time directly.
  • Q: ¿Qué hora es?
  • A: Son las once de la mañana. (It's 11 AM.)
  • ¿A qué hora es...? asks when an event will happen. The answer must include the preposition a.
  • Q: ¿A qué hora es el partido? (At what time is the game?)
  • A: Es a las nueve de la noche. (It's at 9 PM.)
Contrast 2: Telling Time vs. Telling the Date
Both use the verb ser, but the gender of the article changes.
  • Time is feminine (because of la hora):
  • Es la una.
  • Son las dos.
  • Date is masculine (because of el día):
  • Hoy es el quince de enero. (Today is the 15th of January.)
  • Mañana es el primero de mayo. (Tomorrow is the 1st of May.)

Progressive Practice

1

Work through these levels to build your skill from basic to complex.

2

- Level 1: The Basics. State the following times.

3

- 1:00 → Es la una.

4

- 3:00 → Son las tres.

5

- 8:00 → Son las ocho.

6

- Level 2: Adding Minutes (The First Half). State the following times.

7

- 4:10 → Son las cuatro y diez.

8

- 9:15 → Son las nueve y cuarto.

9

- 1:30 → Es la una y media.

10

- Level 3: The Second Half. State the following times using both the digital method and the menos method.

11

- 2:50 → Son las dos y cincuenta / Son las tres menos diez.

12

- 10:45 → Son las diez y cuarenta y cinco / Son las once menos cuarto.

13

- 6:35 → Son las seis y treinta y cinco / Son las siete menos veinticinco.

14

- Level 4: Forming Questions and Answers.

15

- You want to know when the concert starts. Ask the question. → ¿A qué hora es el concierto?

16

- The concert starts at 10:30 PM. Answer the question. → Es a las diez y media de la noche.

Quick FAQ

Q: How do I say noon and midnight properly?

Use the specific masculine nouns mediodía (noon) and medianoche (midnight). The structure is always singular: Es mediodía. and Es medianoche. Never use son.

Q: Can I just read the numbers from a digital clock, like siete cuarenta?

Yes. Saying Son las siete y cuarenta is extremely common, especially in Latin America, and perfectly correct everywhere. It's often simpler than the menos system.

Q: When is the 24-hour clock used?

It's standard for all official and formal written communication: flight and train schedules, movie times, event posters, and business appointments. In casual conversation, however, the 12-hour format with de la mañana/tarde/noche is almost always preferred.

Q: What is the real difference between y cuarto and y quince?

Functionally, there is no difference; both mean 15 minutes past the hour. y cuarto is the more traditional and, in many regions, more common spoken form. y quince is also completely correct and might be used for emphasis or by someone reading a digital display directly. You can use either.

Q: Why is it la una and not la uno?

The number uno changes to una to agree with the feminine noun it describes. Since the implied noun is la hora, the number must also be feminine: la una.

Verb 'Ser' for Time

Time Verb Article Hour
1:00
Es
la
una
2:00
Son
las
dos
3:00
Son
las
tres
4:00
Son
las
cuatro
5:00
Son
las
cinco
6:00
Son
las
seis

Meanings

Telling time requires the verb 'ser' in the third person, using singular or plural depending on the hour.

1

Clock time

Stating the current hour.

“Es la una.”

“Son las ocho.”

2

Time of an event

Specifying when something happens.

“La clase es a las tres.”

“La fiesta es a las nueve.”

3

Approximation

Using 'cerca de' or 'casi' for rough time.

“Es casi la una.”

“Son cerca de las seis.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Telling Time in Spanish (¿Qué hora es?)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Es la/Son las + [Hour]
Son las cinco.
Negative
No es la/No son las + [Hour]
No son las seis.
Question
¿Qué hora es?
¿Qué hora es?
At a time
A las + [Hour]
A las tres.
Minutes past
y + [Minutes]
y diez
Minutes to
menos + [Minutes]
menos cinco

Formality Spectrum

Formal
¿Podría decirme qué hora es?

¿Podría decirme qué hora es? (Asking for time)

Neutral
¿Qué hora es?

¿Qué hora es? (Asking for time)

Informal
¿Qué hora tienes?

¿Qué hora tienes? (Asking for time)

Slang
¿Qué onda con la hora?

¿Qué onda con la hora? (Asking for time)

Time Logic

Time

Singular

  • una one

Plural

  • dos two
  • tres three

Y vs Menos

Past
y and
To
menos minus

Time Decision

1

Is it 1:00?

YES
Es la una
NO
Son las [number]

Time Vocabulary

⏰

Key terms

  • • cuarto
  • • media
  • • punto
  • • mediodía
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Examples by Level

1

Es la una.

It is one o'clock.

2

Son las dos.

It is two o'clock.

3

Son las tres.

It is three o'clock.

4

¿Qué hora es?

What time is it?

1

Son las cuatro y diez.

It is 4:10.

2

Es la una y media.

It is 1:30.

3

Son las cinco menos veinte.

It is 4:40.

4

Son las ocho y cuarto.

It is 8:15.

1

La reunión es a las diez en punto.

The meeting is at ten o'clock sharp.

2

Son casi las siete.

It is almost seven.

3

El tren sale a la una y cuarto.

The train leaves at 1:15.

4

Son las once menos cuarto.

It is 10:45.

1

Son las tres pasadas.

It is just past three.

2

Llegaremos sobre las seis.

We will arrive around six.

3

Es mediodía.

It is noon.

4

Es medianoche.

It is midnight.

1

Son las tres y pico.

It is a little past three.

2

La cita está programada para las ocho y media.

The appointment is scheduled for 8:30.

3

Faltan diez para las cinco.

It is ten to five.

4

Son las seis en punto de la tarde.

It is six o'clock in the evening.

1

Son las horas de la madrugada.

It is the early hours of the morning.

2

A eso de las nueve, empezaremos.

Around nine, we will start.

3

Son las doce del mediodía.

It is twelve noon.

4

Es la hora de comer.

It is time to eat.

Easily Confused

Telling Time in Spanish (¿Qué hora es?) vs Ser vs Estar

Learners think they should use 'Estar' because time changes.

Telling Time in Spanish (¿Qué hora es?) vs Numbers vs Time

Using masculine numbers for time.

Telling Time in Spanish (¿Qué hora es?) vs 1:00 vs 2:00+

Using 'Son' for 1:00.

Common Mistakes

✗

Es las dos

✓

Son las dos

Use 'Son' for plural hours.
✗

Son la una

✓

Es la una

1 is singular.
✗

Son dos

✓

Son las dos

Need the article.
✗

Son las dos y cuarenta

✓

Son las tres menos veinte

Use 'menos' after 30.
✗

Es a las una

✓

Es a la una

Agreement with 'una'.
✗

Son las tres y quince

✓

Son las tres y cuarto

Use 'cuarto' for 15.
✗

Son las tres y treinta

✓

Son las tres y media

Use 'media' for 30.
✗

La clase es en las tres

✓

La clase es a las tres

Use 'a' for time.
✗

Son las tres y cuarenta y cinco

✓

Son las cuatro menos cuarto

Use 'menos' for clarity.
✗

Es las tres

✓

Son las tres

Verb agreement.
✗

Son las tres y media de la tarde

✓

Son las tres y media

Redundant if context is clear.
✗

Es las tres

✓

Son las tres

Verb agreement.
✗

Son las tres y quince

✓

Son las tres y cuarto

Use 'cuarto' for 15.
✗

Es a la una

✓

Es a la una

Correct.

Sentence Patterns

Es la ___.

Son las ___.

Son las ___ y ___.

Son las ___ menos ___.

Real World Usage

Social media very common

¡Nos vemos a las 8!

Texting constant

¿Qué hora es?

Job interview common

La entrevista es a las diez.

Travel common

El vuelo sale a las seis.

Food delivery common

Llega a las siete.

School very common

La clase es a las nueve.

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💡

Think feminine

Always remember 'la hora' is feminine.
⚠️

Don't forget the article

Never say 'Son dos', always 'Son las dos'.
🎯

Use 'y' and 'menos'

It makes you sound much more natural.
💬

Regional variations

Some areas prefer 24-hour clocks.

Smart Tips

Always use 'Es la'.

Son la una. → Es la una.

Always use 'Son las'.

Es las dos. → Son las dos.

Use 'menos' to subtract from the next hour.

Son las cinco y cuarenta. → Son las seis menos veinte.

Use 'cuarto'.

Son las tres y quince. → Son las tres y cuarto.

Pronunciation

/es.la/

Linking

Connect 'Es la' as 'Esla'.

Rising

¿Qué hora es? ↑

Question intonation.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

One is lonely (Es la una), but two is a party (Son las dos).

Visual Association

Imagine a clock where the number 1 is a single person standing alone, and all other numbers are groups of people dancing.

Rhyme

Para la una, 'Es la' dirás, para las otras, 'Son las' usarás.

Story

Juan looks at his watch. It is 1:00, so he says 'Es la una'. Then he waits. It becomes 2:00, so he says 'Son las dos'. He realizes that 1 is special and singular.

Word Web

unadostrescuartomediamenospunto

Challenge

Look at a clock every 15 minutes today and say the time out loud in Spanish.

Cultural Notes

People often use the 24-hour clock in formal settings like train stations.

It is common to hear 'y cuarto' and 'menos cuarto'.

You might hear 'y pico' for imprecise time.

Derived from Latin 'hora'.

Conversation Starters

“

¿Qué hora es?

“

¿A qué hora empieza la clase?

“

¿Qué hora es en tu país?

“

¿Prefieres levantarte temprano o tarde?

Journal Prompts

Write your daily schedule.
Describe your favorite time of day.
Explain why you are often late or on time.
Discuss the importance of punctuality in your culture.

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

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Test Yourself

Complete the sentence.

___ la una.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es
1:00 is singular.
Select the correct form. Multiple Choice

Son ___ dos.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: las
Hours are feminine.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Son la una.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es la una
1:00 is singular.
Order the words. Sentence Building

las / tres / son

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Son las tres
Correct word order.
Conjugate 'ser'. Conjugation Drill

___ las cuatro.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Son
Plural hours use 'Son'.
Match the time. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es la una y media
30 minutes is 'media'.
Transform to 'to'. Sentence Transformation

4:45

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Son las cinco menos cuarto
45 minutes is 15 to the next hour.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: ¿Qué hora es? B: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Son las tres
Correct plural form.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises
Complete the sentence.

___ la una.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es
1:00 is singular.
Select the correct form. Multiple Choice

Son ___ dos.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: las
Hours are feminine.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Son la una.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es la una
1:00 is singular.
Order the words. Sentence Building

las / tres / son

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Son las tres
Correct word order.
Conjugate 'ser'. Conjugation Drill

___ las cuatro.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Son
Plural hours use 'Son'.
Match the time. Match Pairs

1:30

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es la una y media
30 minutes is 'media'.
Transform to 'to'. Sentence Transformation

4:45

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Son las cinco menos cuarto
45 minutes is 15 to the next hour.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: ¿Qué hora es? B: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Son las tres
Correct plural form.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Fill in the blank for 8:15. Fill in the Blank

Son las ocho y ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: cuarto
Fix the mistake: 'Es las dos de la tarde.' Error Correction

Es las dos de la tarde.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Son las dos de la tarde.
Put the words in order to say 'It is 5:30'. Sentence Reorder

las / Son / y / cinco / media

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Son las cinco y media
Translate to Spanish: 'It is noon.' Translation

It is noon.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es mediodía
How do you ask 'At what time is the party?' Multiple Choice

Choose the correct question:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ¿A qué hora es la fiesta?
Match the English to the Spanish. Match Pairs

Match the terms:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Midnight:Medianoche, Noon:Mediodía, O'clock:En punto, Half past:Y media
Fill in: 'It's 10:50' (Spain style). Fill in the Blank

Son las once ___ diez.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: menos
Fix: '¿Qué hora es? Son las uno.' Error Correction

Son las uno.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Es la una.
Translate: '7:00 AM' Translation

7:00 AM

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Las siete de la mañana
Which one means '8:45' in Mexico? Multiple Choice

Choose the Latin American version of 8:45:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Un cuarto para las nueve

Score: /10

FAQ (8)

Because 'una' is singular (one), and 'dos' is plural (two or more).

Use 'la' for 1:00 and 'las' for everything else.

It means 'quarter past' (15 minutes).

It means 'half past' (30 minutes).

Yes, in formal contexts, but 'Son las dos' is more common.

Yes, even if it's 1:05, it's 'Es la una y cinco'.

Use 'a' to express 'at' a specific time.

No, that is a common mistake.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

English moderate

It is [time]

Spanish requires verb agreement.

French high

Il est [time]

Spanish changes 'Es' to 'Son'.

German moderate

Es ist [time]

Spanish requires verb agreement.

Japanese low

[Time] ji desu

Spanish uses feminine articles.

Arabic moderate

Al-sa'a [time]

Arabic uses cardinal numbers differently.

Chinese low

[Time] dian

Spanish uses verb conjugation.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
Telling Time and Date with Ser (Es la una, Son las dos)

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Going Places: The Verb 'Ir' (Present Tense)

Ever tried to tell a Spanish friend you’re heading to their party, only to realize the verb for 'to go' looks nothing li...
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Vivid Storytelling: The Historical Present (Presente Histórico)

Overview In Spanish grammar, the **presente histórico** (historical present), also known as the **presente narrativo**,...
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Ser vs Estar: Choosing the Right 'To Be'

Overview Mastering the Spanish verbs `ser` and `estar` is a foundational step toward fluency, distinguishing you from a...
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Spanish Future vs. Gradual Progress (ir a vs. ir + gerundio)

Overview In Spanish, the distinction between planning an action and describing its gradual unfolding is captured by two...
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There is / There are (Hay)

Overview In Spanish, the concept of expressing existence—what we say in English with "there is" and "there are"—is stre...
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