이 페이지를 내 언어로

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

日本語

Português

中文

हिन्दी

B1 pronoun #5,000 가장 일반적인 10분 분량

ésas

상위 5,000

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 ésas 30초 만에

설명 ésas in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners are introduced to the basic concept of pointing at things. You learn 'esta' (this) and 'esa' (that). 'Ésas' is the plural version for feminine things. At this stage, you use it for very concrete objects like 'las manzanas' (the apples) or 'las llaves' (the keys). You might not use the accent mark yet, and that is okay. The focus is on realizing that if you are talking about more than one feminine thing that is a little bit away from you, you say 'ésas'. It is most commonly used in shopping situations or when asking for things. For example, if you see two pizzas and you want the ones near the waiter, you can say 'Ésas, por favor'. It helps you communicate your needs without knowing every single noun in Spanish. It's a 'survival' word that acts as a placeholder for nouns you might have forgotten.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

By A2, you start to distinguish between the adjective ('esas casas') and the pronoun ('ésas'). You understand that the pronoun stands alone and replaces the noun to make your speaking more fluid. You begin to use 'ésas' in simple comparisons, such as 'Estas flores son bonitas, pero ésas son mejores' (These flowers are pretty, but those ones are better). You also learn the spatial rule: 'ésas' is for things near the person you are talking to. If you are talking to a friend and they have some photos in their hand, you would refer to them as 'ésas'. You are also becoming more aware of gender agreement, ensuring that you only use 'ésas' for feminine nouns like 'fotos', 'maletas', or 'personas'.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the B1 level, you move beyond just physical objects. You start using 'ésas' to refer to abstract ideas, situations, or previous parts of a conversation. For example, if someone lists several reasons (razones - feminine) for a problem, you might say 'Ésas son las razones principales'. You are also introduced to common idioms like 'No me vengas con ésas' (Don't come at me with those excuses/stories). You are expected to use the accent mark correctly in writing to distinguish the pronoun from the adjective, showing a higher level of grammatical control. You also begin to use 'ésas' followed by relative clauses, such as 'Ésas que mencionaste ayer', to add detail to your references.

At B2, your use of 'ésas' becomes more stylistic and precise. You can use it to create contrast in more complex arguments. You understand the nuance of using 'ésas' versus 'aquéllas' to indicate psychological distance or to refer back to the second of two items mentioned in a sentence (the 'latter' vs 'former' concept, though Spanish uses 'éstas' and 'aquéllas' more for that specific purpose, 'ésas' can be used for middle-ground references). You are comfortable using it in various registers, from informal slang to professional reports. You also recognize and use 'ésas' in a wider variety of idiomatic expressions and understand how it can carry a tone of irony or skepticism depending on the context.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the C1 level, you have a near-native grasp of demonstratives. You use 'ésas' to manage the flow of information in long, complex texts. You might use it to refer to specific 'tendencias' (trends) or 'metodologías' (methodologies) in an academic paper, ensuring the reader knows exactly which group of feminine nouns you are discussing. You understand the historical context of the accent mark and can navigate the RAE's modern recommendations while maintaining a consistent style. You can also pick up on very subtle connotations when a speaker chooses 'ésas' over a more descriptive phrase, recognizing it as a way to create a shared space of reference with the listener.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the C2 level, 'ésas' is used with total mastery and effortless precision. You can use it in literary analysis, legal writing, or high-level diplomacy where every word counts. You might use it to evoke a specific classical style of writing where demonstrative pronouns were used more frequently for emphasis. You understand all the dialectal variations in how demonstratives are used across the Spanish-speaking world. You can use 'ésas' in highly sophisticated rhetorical structures, such as anaphora or parallelism, to create rhythm and impact in your speech or writing. At this level, the word is not just a pointer; it is a tool for nuanced communication and stylistic expression.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

ésas 30초 만에

Ésas is a feminine plural demonstrative pronoun meaning 'those ones'.
It refers to things at a middle distance or near the listener.
It must match the gender (feminine) and number (plural) of the noun it replaces.
The accent mark is traditional but now optional according to modern RAE rules.

The word ésas is a feminine plural demonstrative pronoun in Spanish. Its primary function is to replace a feminine plural noun that has already been mentioned or is clearly understood from the context, specifically referring to objects or people that are at a middle distance from the speaker. In the spatial logic of Spanish, demonstratives are divided into three categories: proximity to the speaker (estas), proximity to the listener (esas/ésas), and distance from both (aquellas). When you use ésas, you are essentially saying 'those ones' while pointing to or referring to items that are not right next to you, but aren't extremely far away either. It is the linguistic bridge between the immediate 'here' and the distant 'over there'.

Grammatical Classification: Demonstrative Pronoun (Feminine, Plural). It replaces the noun entirely to avoid repetition.
The Accent Mark Debate: Traditionally, the accent (tilde diacrítica) was mandatory to distinguish the pronoun (ésas) from the adjective (esas). However, the Real Academia Española (RAE) updated its rules in 2010, stating that the accent is no longer necessary unless there is a risk of ambiguity. Despite this, many writers and academic institutions still use the accent to provide immediate clarity to the reader.

¿Ves las flores rojas? No quiero estas, quiero ésas.

In everyday conversation, ésas is indispensable for efficiency. Imagine you are in a shoe store looking at several pairs of boots (botas - feminine). Instead of saying "I want those boots over there by you," you simply point and say "Quiero ésas." This usage assumes the listener knows you are talking about the boots. It carries a specific feminine energy that must match the noun it replaces. If you were talking about cars (coches - masculine), you would use ésos. The precision of Spanish demonstratives allows for a very spatial way of thinking, where the word itself tells the listener exactly where to look in relation to the people involved in the conversation.

De todas las opciones presentadas, ésas son las más viables.

Spatial Context: Use it for things near the person you are talking to. If you are holding the items, use 'éstas'. If they are across the street, use 'aquéllas'.

Beyond physical objects, ésas is used to refer to abstract ideas or previous statements that are feminine, such as 'conclusiones' (conclusions) or 'ideas'. It creates a sense of psychological distance. If someone suggests several bad ideas, you might say "No me gustan ésas," referring to the ideas they just proposed. It separates the speaker from the content of the ideas. This word is also found in several idiomatic expressions where it refers to 'ways of acting' or 'excuses', often with a tone of disapproval or skepticism.

No vengas ahora con ésas, ya conocemos tus trucos.

Using ésas correctly requires a keen eye for gender and number agreement. Since it is a pronoun, it stands alone. It does not accompany a noun; it acts as the noun. This is the most critical distinction for learners. If you say "esas casas," 'esas' is an adjective. If you say "prefiero ésas," 'ésas' is the pronoun. The sentence structure usually follows a pattern where the noun is introduced first, and then ésas is used in a subsequent clause to maintain the flow and avoid sounding repetitive.

Subject of a Sentence: It can function as the subject. Example: '¿Ves aquellas sillas? Ésas son más cómodas.' (See those chairs? Those ones are more comfortable.)

Traje varias chaquetas; puedes elegir ésas si tienes frío.

In complex sentences, ésas can be followed by a relative clause starting with 'que'. For example, "Ésas que están en la mesa son mías" (Those ones that are on the table are mine). This structure is very common in Spanish and allows for precise identification of subsets of objects. It is also frequently used with the preposition 'de' to indicate possession or origin: "Ésas de seda son más caras" (Those silk ones are more expensive).

¿Cuáles son tus llaves? Ésas de la entrada.

Direct Object Usage: It can receive the action of the verb. 'No toques ésas, están rotas.' (Don't touch those ones, they are broken.)

One of the more nuanced uses of ésas is in the construction 'de ésas'. This can mean 'of that kind' or 'one of those'. When someone says "Es una película de ésas que te hacen llorar," they are categorizing the movie into a group of similar films. It adds a descriptive layer that implies shared knowledge between the speaker and the listener about the characteristics of 'those ones'.

Había muchas manzanas, pero yo escogí ésas por su color.

Si buscas las herramientas, ésas que están allí te servirán.

You will hear ésas in any scenario involving choice, identification, or comparison. In a bustling Spanish market (mercado), you'll hear customers pointing at crates of fruit. A customer might say, "Póngame un kilo de ésas," referring to the pears (peras) near the vendor. Here, ésas is the perfect tool because it acknowledges the physical distance—the fruit is closer to the vendor than to the buyer.

Shopping & Commerce: Frequent in clothing stores (camisetas, faldas), bakeries (galletas), and markets. It helps specify exactly which item you want without repeating the name.

Me gustan las zapatillas, pero prefiero ésas que tienes en la mano.

In social circles, ésas often takes on a more colloquial, sometimes slightly dismissive tone. When friends are gossiping or discussing people (personas/chicas), someone might say, "¡Ah, ésas! Siempre llegan tarde." In this context, the word points to a specific group of people previously mentioned. It can also be found in heated arguments. The phrase "¡No me vengas con ésas!" is a classic Spanish idiom meaning "Don't come at me with those [excuses/lies/stories]!" It’s a powerful way to shut down an argument by dismissing the validity of what the other person is saying.

¿Las llaves? No son éstas, son ésas de la estantería.

Formal & Academic Settings: In lectures or business presentations, speakers use it to refer back to previously discussed statistics (estadísticas) or variables (variables). 'Ésas son las razones por las que el proyecto falló.'

In literature and film, ésas helps build the world by establishing the relative position of characters and objects. A narrator might describe a character looking at distant stars: "Miraba las estrellas; ésas eran sus únicas guías." It adds a poetic touch by focusing the reader's attention on the specific 'ones' mentioned. Whether in a high-intensity drama or a simple conversation at a dinner table about which napkins (servilletas) to use, ésas is a functional workhorse of the Spanish language.

¿Qué opinas de las propuestas? Ésas me parecen muy arriesgadas.

The most frequent mistake for English speakers is the confusion between the demonstrative adjective and the demonstrative pronoun. In English, we use 'those' for both: "Those books" and "I want those." In Spanish, you must decide if the noun is present. If you say "*ésas casas," you have made a mistake. It should be "esas casas" (adjective, no accent). If you say "quiero ésas," you are correct (pronoun). Remembering that the pronoun stands alone is the key to mastering this word.

Gender Mismatch: Learners often default to the masculine 'ésos' when they are unsure of the noun's gender. If you are referring to 'manzanas' (apples), you must use 'ésas'. If you use 'ésos', a native speaker will be momentarily confused as they look for a masculine noun in the vicinity.

Incorrecto: Me gustan esas. (When meaning 'those ones' without the noun).
Correcto: Me gustan ésas.

Another common error is the misuse of distance. Spanish has three levels of distance, while English primarily has two (this/that). Learners often use ésas when they should use éstas (the things are in their hand) or aquéllas (the things are far away). Using ésas for something you are currently holding sounds unnatural. It's like saying "those ones" for the shoes you are wearing. Always check the relative distance: Is it near me? Is it near you? Or is it far from both of us?

¿Son ésas tus maletas? (Pointing to bags near the listener).

The 'Eso' Trap: Do not confuse 'ésas' with the neuter pronoun 'eso'. 'Eso' is used for abstract ideas or unknown objects. 'Ésas' must always refer to a specific, plural, feminine noun. You cannot use 'ésas' to mean 'those things in general' unless 'things' (cosas) is the specific feminine noun you are replacing.

Finally, the accent mark itself is a source of confusion. While the RAE says it's optional, many textbooks and teachers still require it. If you are taking a formal exam, check your instructor's preference. However, in digital communication, the accent is frequently omitted. The mistake isn't necessarily leaving it out, but rather not knowing *why* it was there in the first place—to mark it as a pronoun that has 'eaten' its noun.

To truly understand ésas, you must compare it to its demonstrative cousins. The most direct alternative is aquéllas. While ésas refers to things at a medium distance (often near the listener), aquéllas refers to things far away from both people. If you are standing in a park and point to trees a hundred yards away, you would use aquéllas. If you are pointing to the benches right next to your friend, you use ésas.

Ésas vs. Aquéllas: Ésas: Near the listener / Middle distance.
Aquéllas: Far from both / Remote distance or time.
Ésas vs. Éstas: Éstas: Right here, near the speaker.
Ésas: Over there, near you.

No me gustan estas sillas, prefiero ésas que tienes tú, o incluso aquéllas del fondo.

Another alternative is using the definite article 'las' followed by 'que' or 'de'. For example, instead of saying "Dame ésas," you could say "Dame las que están allí" (Give me the ones that are there). This is often more descriptive and common in spoken Spanish when you want to be very specific. Similarly, "las de María" (the ones of Maria/Maria's ones) serves a similar purpose to ésas but adds possessive information. However, ésas is more efficient when the items are physically visible and pointing is sufficient.

¿Qué camisas prefieres? Las rojas son bonitas, pero ésas azules son mejores.

Synonyms in Context: 'Tales' (such ones) can sometimes replace 'ésas' in formal writing when referring to types of things mentioned before. 'Dichas' (the said ones) is another formal alternative used in legal or academic texts.

In some regions, you might hear 'esas mismas' (those very ones) to add emphasis. This strengthens the identification. If someone asks, "Are these the keys?" and they are the ones you were just talking about, you might respond, "Sí, ésas mismas." This reinforces that there is no doubt about which 'ones' you are referring to. Understanding these subtle differences allows you to choose the word that best fits the physical and emotional distance of your conversation.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The demonstrative system in Spanish is much more complex than in English because it evolved to maintain the three-way spatial distinction (proximal, medial, distal) found in Latin (hic, iste, ille).

발음 가이드

UK /ˈesas/

US /ˈesas/

First syllable (É-sas).

라임이 맞는 단어

mesas fresas presas promesas pesas sorpresas francesas inglesas

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing the 'e' like 'ee' in English (ee-sas).
Pronouncing the 'a' like 'ay' (e-says).
Putting the stress on the second syllable (e-SAS).
Diphthongizing the 'e' to sound like 'ey' (ey-sas).
Making the 's' sound like a 'z' (e-zas).

난이도

독해 2/5

Easy to recognize in context, though the accent rule might be confusing.

쓰기 4/5

Requires knowledge of gender, number, and the (optional) accent mark.

말하기 3/5

Requires quick mental mapping of spatial distance and gender agreement.

듣기 2/5

Clearly audible and usually accompanied by gestures.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

esa esas esta estas la

다음에 배울 것

aquél aquélla aquéllas ése ésos

고급

deícticos tilde diacrítica concordancia de género

알아야 할 문법

Gender Agreement

Las sillas (fem) -> Ésas.

Number Agreement

Las llaves (plural) -> Ésas.

Spatial Distance

Ésas = There (near you/middle distance).

Substitution

No quiero estas flores, quiero ésas (replaces 'flores').

The Accent Rule

Use 'ésas' (pronoun) vs 'esas' (adjective), though now optional.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

수준별 예문

¿Ves las manzanas? Quiero ésas.

See the apples? I want those ones.

Simple substitution of 'las manzanas'.

Ésas son mis llaves.

Those ones are my keys.

Pronoun as the subject of the sentence.

No me gustan estas, prefiero ésas.

I don't like these, I prefer those ones.

Contrast between 'estas' (near) and 'ésas' (middle distance).

¿Son ésas tus fotos?

Are those ones your photos?

Question form using the demonstrative pronoun.

Ésas son las chicas de mi clase.

Those ones are the girls from my class.

Referring to people (feminine plural).

Póngame dos de ésas, por favor.

Give me two of those ones, please.

Used with a quantifier ('dos de...').

¿Cuáles quieres? —Ésas.

Which ones do you want? —Those ones.

One-word answer acting as a full pronoun.

Ésas no son mis maletas.

Those ones are not my suitcases.

Negative sentence with the pronoun.

Busco las tijeras, ¿son ésas que están ahí?

I'm looking for the scissors, are they those ones that are there?

Using a relative clause 'que están ahí'.

Me encantan tus botas, ésas son muy elegantes.

I love your boots, those ones are very elegant.

Refers back to 'botas' (feminine plural).

Hay muchas casas aquí, pero ésas son las más viejas.

There are many houses here, but those ones are the oldest.

Comparison within a group.

Si necesitas herramientas, ésas de la caja te sirven.

If you need tools, those ones in the box will work for you.

Possessive-like construction with 'de'.

No compres estas galletas, ésas tienen menos azúcar.

Don't buy these cookies, those ones have less sugar.

Contrast between two options.

¿Ves las estrellas? Ésas brillan más.

See the stars? Those ones shine more.

Referring to 'estrellas' (feminine plural).

Mis gafas están rotas, necesito unas como ésas.

My glasses are broken, I need some like those ones.

Comparison using 'como'.

Había varias opciones, pero al final elegí ésas.

There were several options, but in the end I chose those ones.

Refers to 'opciones' (feminine plural).

Ésas son las consecuencias de no estudiar.

Those ones are the consequences of not studying.

Abstract noun reference ('consecuencias').

No me vengas con ésas, sé que no es verdad.

Don't come at me with those (stories/excuses), I know it's not true.

Idiomatic use meaning 'excuses' or 'stories'.

De todas las propuestas, ésas me parecen las más lógicas.

Of all the proposals, those ones seem the most logical to me.

Refers to 'propuestas' (feminine plural).

Las leyes han cambiado, y ésas que mencionas ya no existen.

The laws have changed, and those ones you mention no longer exist.

Relative clause 'que mencionas'.

Si buscas respuestas, ésas no las vas a encontrar aquí.

If you are looking for answers, those ones you are not going to find here.

Direct object pronoun with 'las' for emphasis.

Ésas son precisamente las palabras que quería oír.

Those ones are precisely the words I wanted to hear.

Refers to 'palabras' (feminine plural).

Había muchas dudas, pero ésas se resolvieron pronto.

There were many doubts, but those ones were resolved quickly.

Refers to 'dudas' (feminine plural).

Es una de ésas situaciones en las que no sabes qué hacer.

It is one of those situations in which you don't know what to do.

Phrase 'una de ésas' for categorization.

A pesar de las críticas, ésas no afectaron su decisión.

Despite the criticisms, those ones did not affect his decision.

Abstract reference in a complex sentence.

Las medidas tomadas fueron drásticas, pero ésas eran necesarias.

The measures taken were drastic, but those ones were necessary.

Refers to 'medidas' (feminine plural).

Ésas son las ventajas de vivir en el centro.

Those ones are the advantages of living in the center.

Refers to 'ventajas' (feminine plural).

No todas las soluciones son buenas, de hecho, ésas son nefastas.

Not all solutions are good; in fact, those ones are disastrous.

Strong adjective agreement ('nefastas').

Si analizamos las tendencias, ésas indican un cambio de rumbo.

If we analyze the trends, those ones indicate a change of direction.

Refers to 'tendencias' (feminine plural).

Ésas que ves ahí son las ruinas de una civilización antigua.

Those ones you see there are the ruins of an ancient civilization.

Refers to 'ruinas' (feminine plural).

Sus intenciones eran claras, aunque ésas no siempre fueron buenas.

His intentions were clear, although those ones were not always good.

Refers to 'intenciones' (feminine plural).

Ésas son las condiciones que debemos aceptar para el contrato.

Those ones are the conditions we must accept for the contract.

Refers to 'condiciones' (feminine plural).

Las premisas del autor son sólidas, pero ésas se basan en datos antiguos.

The author's premises are solid, but those ones are based on old data.

Formal academic reference to 'premisas'.

Existían varias teorías, y ésas fueron refutadas por el experimento.

Several theories existed, and those ones were refuted by the experiment.

Passive voice construction.

Ésas son las paradojas de la vida moderna.

Those ones are the paradoxes of modern life.

Refers to 'paradojas' (feminine plural).

Considerando las variables, ésas resultan ser las más críticas.

Considering the variables, those ones turn out to be the most critical.

Refers to 'variables' (feminine plural).

Las influencias literarias son claras; ésas definieron su estilo.

The literary influences are clear; those ones defined his style.

Refers to 'influencias' (feminine plural).

Ésas que ahora desprecias fueron una vez tus únicas aliadas.

Those ones that you now despise were once your only allies.

Refers to 'aliadas' (feminine plural people).

Si revisamos las actas, ésas confirman nuestra versión de los hechos.

If we review the minutes/records, those ones confirm our version of events.

Refers to 'actas' (feminine plural).

Ésas son las sutilezas que diferencian a un maestro de un aprendiz.

Those ones are the subtleties that differentiate a master from an apprentice.

Refers to 'sutilezas' (feminine plural).

Dichas estipulaciones son vinculantes, y ésas no admiten demora.

Said stipulations are binding, and those ones do not admit delay.

Legal/Formal register referring to 'estipulaciones'.

Las vicisitudes del destino son inciertas, mas ésas nos forjan.

The vicissitudes of fate are uncertain, but those ones forge us.

Literary/Poetic register referring to 'vicisitudes'.

Ésas son las premisas ontológicas sobre las que se asienta su tesis.

Those ones are the ontological premises on which his thesis is based.

Highly academic/philosophical context.

Las prerrogativas reales eran amplias, y ésas se ejercían con rigor.

The royal prerogatives were broad, and those ones were exercised with rigor.

Historical/Formal reference to 'prerrogativas'.

Ésas que antaño fueron gloriosas ciudades, hoy son meros escombros.

Those ones that in the past were glorious cities, today are mere rubble.

Archaic/Literary tone with 'antaño'.

Si escrutamos las fibras del tejido social, ésas revelan una fractura.

If we scrutinize the fibers of the social fabric, those ones reveal a fracture.

Metaphorical use referring to 'fibras'.

Ésas son las directrices que emanan de la cumbre internacional.

Those ones are the guidelines that emanate from the international summit.

Diplomatic/Political register referring to 'directrices'.

Las reminiscencias del pasado son constantes, y ésas nos definen.

The reminiscences of the past are constant, and those ones define us.

Philosophical reference to 'reminiscencias'.

자주 쓰는 조합

una de ésas

todas ésas

algunas de ésas

ésas mismas

ésas que...

con ésas

ni ésas ni aquéllas

ésas de ahí

entre ésas

como ésas

자주 쓰는 구문

¡No me vengas con ésas!

— Don't come at me with those excuses or stories. Used when you don't believe someone.

Dijo que el perro se comió la tarea, pero le dije: '¡No me vengas con ésas!'

Ésas son las que son.

— Those are the ones that matter or the only ones available. Often implies acceptance of a situation.

No hay más opciones; ésas son las que son.

De ésas hay muchas.

— There are many of that kind. Often used dismissively about people or things.

¿Buscas personas honestas? De ésas hay muchas, solo hay que saber buscar.

Por ésas y por otras.

— For those reasons and others. Used to summarize a list of causes.

Se fue de la empresa por ésas y por otras razones personales.

Ésas son las mías.

— Those ones are mine. A simple statement of ownership.

Veo unas gafas en la mesa; ésas son las mías.

Como ésas, ninguna.

— Like those ones, there are none. Used to praise the unique quality of something.

Las vistas desde aquí son increíbles; como ésas, ninguna.

Ésas que tú dices.

— Those ones that you mention. Used to refer back to the listener's words.

Ésas que tú dices no me convencen del todo.

A ésas me refiero.

— Those are the ones I'm referring to. Used for clarification.

¿Hablas de las leyes de 2010? Sí, a ésas me refiero.

Una de ésas veces.

— One of those times. Used when telling a story about a recurring event.

Una de ésas veces que fui a París, me perdí.

Ésas son las reglas.

— Those are the rules. Used to state that a policy is fixed.

No puedes entrar sin invitación; ésas son las reglas.

자주 혼동되는 단어

ésas vs esas

The adjective form used with a noun (esas casas). The pronoun 'ésas' stands alone.

ésas vs ésos

The masculine plural form. Use 'ésos' for 'coches', 'ésas' for 'casas'.

ésas vs eso

The neuter pronoun. Use 'eso' for abstract 'that', 'ésas' for specific feminine 'those'.

관용어 및 표현

"Andar con ésas"

— To behave in a certain (usually negative or tricky) way.

No me gusta que andes con ésas, sé sincero conmigo.

informal

"Salir por ésas"

— To come up with an unexpected or evasive answer/excuse.

Cuando le pregunté por el dinero, me salió por ésas de que no se acordaba.

informal

"Estar en ésas"

— To be in the middle of a specific situation or to be thinking the same thing.

Yo también estaba en ésas, pensando en mudarme.

colloquial

"De ésas que te cuento"

— Of the kind that are difficult to explain or very intense.

Fue una tormenta de ésas que te cuento, ¡qué miedo!

colloquial

"Con ésas y con todo"

— Despite those things; even with all that.

Con ésas y con todo, logramos terminar el proyecto a tiempo.

neutral

"A ésas horas"

— At those (usually inappropriate or late) hours.

No deberías estar en la calle a ésas horas.

neutral

"Por ésas de la vida"

— By a twist of fate; because of life's circumstances.

Por ésas de la vida, terminamos viviendo en el mismo edificio.

literary/poetic

"Ésas son palabras mayores"

— That is a serious matter; those are big words.

Hablar de matrimonio... ésas son palabras mayores.

neutral

"No estar para ésas"

— To not be in the mood for those kinds of things/jokes/excuses.

Déjame en paz, hoy no estoy para ésas.

informal

"Ir por ésas"

— To follow that specific line of reasoning or path.

Si vas por ésas, vas a acabar teniendo problemas.

neutral

혼동하기 쉬운

ésas vs aquéllas

Both mean 'those ones'.

'Ésas' is for things near the listener or middle distance. 'Aquéllas' is for things far from both.

Ésas (cerca de ti) y aquéllas (lejos de los dos).

ésas vs éstas

Both are demonstrative pronouns.

'Éstas' means 'these ones' (near the speaker). 'Ésas' means 'those ones' (near the listener).

Éstas son mías, ésas son tuyas.

ésas vs las

Both can refer to feminine plural nouns.

'Las' is a direct object pronoun or article. 'Ésas' is a demonstrative pronoun that points.

Las vi (I saw them) vs Quiero ésas (I want those ones).

ésas vs ellas

Both refer to 'them' (feminine).

'Ellas' is a personal pronoun (they). 'Ésas' is a demonstrative (those ones).

Ellas son mis amigas. ¿Ves a ésas que caminan por ahí?

ésas vs esas (adj)

Identical pronunciation and (often) spelling.

The adjective 'esas' must be followed by a noun. The pronoun 'ésas' replaces the noun.

Esas llaves son mías. Ésas son mías.

문장 패턴

Quiero ésas.

Quiero ésas (manzanas).

Ésas son mis [noun].

Ésas son mis llaves.

Ésas que [verb] son...

Ésas que ves allí son mis primas.

No me vengas con ésas.

No me vengas con ésas ahora.

De todas las [noun], ésas son...

De todas las opciones, ésas son las mejores.

Ésas son las [noun] sobre las que...

Ésas son las premisas sobre las que baso mi estudio.

Dichas [noun] y ésas...

Dichas leyes son claras y ésas deben cumplirse.

Prefiero ésas a estas.

Prefiero ésas zapatillas a estas.

어휘 가족

형용사

esas (demonstrative adjective, feminine plural)

사용법

frequency

Very common in spoken Spanish.

자주 하는 실수

Using 'ésas' with a noun. → esas casas
You cannot use the pronoun form (ésas) if the noun is present. Use the adjective (esas).
Using 'ésas' for masculine nouns. → ésos
If you are talking about 'libros', you must use 'ésos'. 'Ésas' is only for feminine nouns like 'revistas'.
Using 'ésas' for things in your hand. → éstas
If the items are close to the speaker, use 'éstas'. 'Ésas' is for things further away.
Confusing 'ésas' with 'eso'. → eso
'Eso' is for abstract ideas or unknown things. 'Ésas' is for specific, plural feminine things.
Misplacing the accent. → ésas
The accent goes on the first 'e', not the 'a'. (Not esás).

팁

The 'No Noun' Rule

If you see a noun immediately after the word, it's 'esas' (adjective). If it stands alone, it's 'ésas' (pronoun). This is the golden rule of demonstratives.

Middle Ground

Think of 'ésas' as the 'middle' word. Not here (éstas), not way over there (aquéllas), but just 'there' (ésas).

Gender Check

Always double-check the gender of the noun you are replacing. It's easy to default to 'ésos', but 'ésas' is essential for feminine nouns.

Don't Come With Those!

Memorize '¡No me vengas con ésas!' to sound like a native when someone gives you a weak excuse.

The Tilde

Even if the RAE says it's optional, using the tilde on 'ésas' can make your writing clearer and more 'old-school' professional.

Listen for 'Ahí'

Speakers often use the adverb 'ahí' with 'ésas'. If you hear 'ahí', the demonstrative 'ésas' is usually the right choice.

Market Manners

In a market, pointing and saying 'ésas' is common and efficient. Don't feel like you have to repeat the name of the fruit every time.

Mental Mapping

Map your demonstratives to people: Éstas (Me), Ésas (You), Aquéllas (Them/Far Away).

Relative Clauses

Combine 'ésas' with 'que' to be very specific: 'Ésas que tienen el lazo rojo'.

Exam Tip

If an exam question asks you to replace 'las casas' with a demonstrative, 'ésas' is the answer.

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'Ésas' as 'Those' (near you). Remember: 'This' and 'These' have 'T's (Este, Esta, Estos, Estas), but 'That' and 'Those' do NOT have 'T's (Ese, Esa, Esos, Esas).

시각적 연상

Imagine pointing your finger at a group of girls (chicas) standing next to your friend. You are pointing 'there' (ahí).

Word Web

Demonstrative Feminine Plural Middle distance Pronoun Replaces noun Ahí Agreement

챌린지

Try to identify five feminine plural objects in your room. Point to them and say 'Ésas' while imagining they are near someone else.

어원

From Vulgar Latin 'ipse', which meant 'self' or 'the very same'. In Old Spanish, it evolved into 'esso' and 'essa'.

원래 의미: Self, same, that very one.

Romance (Indo-European).

문화적 맥락

Be careful when referring to groups of women as 'ésas' in a derogatory tone; it can imply 'those types of women' (de ésa clase de mujeres).

English only has 'these' and 'those'. English speakers must learn to split 'those' into 'ésas' (near you) and 'aquéllas' (far from both).

Classical Spanish literature often uses 'ésas' to refer to 'las gentes' (the people). Popular songs often use 'ésas' to refer to 'penas' (sorrows) or 'mentiras' (lies). In movies, a detective might point to 'pruebas' (evidence) and say 'Ésas son las que importan'.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Shopping

Quiero ésas.
¿Cuánto cuestan ésas?
Ésas son muy caras.
¿Tiene otras como ésas?

Pointing at objects

Ésas son mis llaves.
Pásame ésas, por favor.
No toques ésas.
¿Son ésas tus cosas?

Referring to ideas

Ésas son buenas ideas.
No comparto ésas opiniones.
Ésas son las razones.
A ésas me refiero.

Arguments

¡No vengas con ésas!
Siempre con ésas...
Ya estamos con ésas.
No me hables de ésas.

At a restaurant

Ésas servilletas están sucias.
Tráeme ésas copas.
Ésas son las bebidas que pedimos.
Prefiero ésas mesas.

대화 시작하기

"¿Has visto las nuevas películas? Ésas de acción me encantan."

"¿Qué opinas de las propuestas del jefe? Ésas me parecen imposibles."

"Mira las nubes, ésas tienen una forma muy extraña, ¿no?"

"¿Son ésas las llaves que estabas buscando por toda la casa?"

"Me gustan tus gafas, ¿dónde compraste unas como ésas?"

일기 주제

Escribe sobre tres cosas en tu habitación que no te gustan. Usa 'ésas' para referirte a ellas.

Describe una situación en la que alguien te dio excusas y tú respondiste: '¡No me vengas con ésas!'.

Piensa en las metas que tienes para este año. Escribe por qué ésas son importantes para ti.

Imagina que estás en una tienda de ropa. Describe qué prendas elegirías usando 'éstas' y 'ésas'.

Escribe sobre las tradiciones de tu país y explica por qué ésas definen tu cultura.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

According to the RAE (2010), you only need it if there is ambiguity. However, many people still use it for clarity. In exams, follow your teacher's lead. In daily life, it's often omitted.

Use 'ésas' for things near the person you are talking to or at a middle distance. Use 'aquéllas' for things that are far away from both of you, like trees on a distant hill.

Yes, but be careful. Referring to people as 'ésas' can sound a bit rude or dismissive, like saying 'those ones over there'. It's better to use 'ellas' or 'esas personas' unless you are pointing them out in a neutral way.

Mostly, yes. But English 'those' covers both 'ésas' and 'aquéllas'. Spanish is more specific about distance.

No. For masculine plural nouns, you must use 'ésos'. 'Ésas' is strictly for feminine nouns like 'manzanas', 'llaves', or 'ideas'.

Look for nouns ending in -as (usually) or check the dictionary. Common ones are 'las casas', 'las mesas', 'las fotos', 'las flores'.

The singular feminine form is 'ésa'. Example: 'Ésa es mi mochila'.

Yes, absolutely. 'Ésas son las que me gustan' is a perfectly correct sentence.

Yes, it is used throughout the entire Spanish-speaking world, though the strictness of the distance rules can vary slightly by region.

It's an idiom meaning 'with those excuses' or 'with that attitude'. It's a way to tell someone you don't buy what they are saying.

무료 가입하고 팁과 노트 보기