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A2 noun 14분 분량

micrófono

예시
설명 micrófono in your Level:
At the A1 beginner level, the word 'micrófono' is introduced as a basic vocabulary item related to objects and technology. It is a very accessible word for English speakers because it is a true cognate, meaning it looks and sounds very similar to its English equivalent, 'microphone'. At this stage, learners focus on understanding that it is a masculine noun ('el micrófono') and learning how to pronounce it correctly, paying special attention to the stress on the 'ó'. You will learn to identify it in simple sentences and use it with basic verbs like 'tener' (to have) or 'usar' (to use). For example, you might say 'Yo tengo un micrófono' (I have a microphone) or 'El micrófono es negro' (The microphone is black). The goal at this level is simply recognition and basic description. You will also learn the plural form, 'los micrófonos'. Teachers often use this word in the classroom to give instructions, making it a highly practical word to know early on. You do not need to worry about complex grammar or technical terms yet; just focus on associating the word with the physical object and using it in simple, everyday contexts.
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As you progress to the A2 level, your interaction with the word 'micrófono' becomes more dynamic and action-oriented. You will start using it with a wider variety of verbs to describe actions you take with the object. Key verbs introduced at this level include 'encender' (to turn on), 'apagar' (to turn off), 'hablar' (to speak), and 'cantar' (to sing). You will learn how to formulate simple instructions or requests, which is incredibly useful for participating in language classes online or using communication apps. For instance, you will learn to say 'Enciende el micrófono, por favor' (Turn on the microphone, please) or 'No uses ese micrófono' (Don't use that microphone). Additionally, you will start pairing the noun with descriptive adjectives to provide more detail, such as 'un micrófono nuevo' (a new microphone) or 'el micrófono pequeño' (the small microphone). Prepositions also become important here; you will learn the phrase 'hablar por el micrófono' (to speak through the microphone). This level builds your practical ability to navigate simple, routine situations where audio equipment is involved, moving beyond mere identification to active usage.
At the B1 intermediate level, you begin to use 'micrófono' to discuss problems, preferences, and more detailed situations. You will learn vocabulary related to troubleshooting, which is essential in modern digital communication. Phrases like 'El micrófono no funciona' (The microphone isn't working), 'Está roto' (It's broken), or 'Se escucha mal' (It sounds bad) become part of your repertoire. You will also start using the word in past and future tenses to recount events or make plans. For example, 'Ayer compré un micrófono' (Yesterday I bought a microphone) or 'Necesitaré un micrófono para la presentación' (I will need a microphone for the presentation). Furthermore, you will be introduced to the colloquial abbreviation 'el micro', which is widely used in informal spoken Spanish. You will practice using the word in conditional scenarios, such as 'Si tuviera un micrófono mejor, grabaría un podcast' (If I had a better microphone, I would record a podcast). At this stage, your ability to communicate about technology becomes much more fluid, allowing you to handle unexpected issues and express your needs clearly in a Spanish-speaking environment.
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Reaching the B2 upper-intermediate level means you can discuss the technical and specific aspects of a 'micrófono' with confidence. You are no longer just talking about turning it on or off; you are discussing its features, quality, and specific types. Vocabulary expands to include terms like 'inalámbrico' (wireless), 'de solapa' (lapel), 'de condensador' (condenser), and 'dinámico' (dynamic). You can engage in conversations about audio quality, comparing different brands or models. For instance, you might say, 'Para grabar voces en exteriores, es imprescindible usar un micrófono direccional con filtro antipop' (To record voices outdoors, it is essential to use a directional microphone with a pop filter). You will also understand and use the word in more complex grammatical structures, such as passive voice or impersonal 'se' constructions: 'Se necesita un micrófono para el evento' (A microphone is needed for the event). Your comprehension extends to media contexts, understanding news reports or technical reviews in Spanish where audio equipment is discussed in detail. At this level, you can fully participate in professional or hobbyist discussions regarding audio production, broadcasting, or event planning.
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At the C1 advanced level, your understanding of 'micrófono' encompasses both its highly technical applications and its metaphorical or idiomatic uses. You can seamlessly integrate the word into sophisticated discourse regarding media, politics, and society. You understand phrases like 'micrófono abierto' (open mic, or a hot mic situation where someone is caught saying something off the record). You can discuss the symbolic power of the microphone, using expressions like 'ceder el micrófono' (to yield the floor/microphone) to talk about giving someone a platform or a voice in a debate. Your vocabulary includes highly specialized terms used in sound engineering, acoustics, and broadcasting. You can debate the nuances of audio capture, discussing frequency responses or polar patterns in Spanish. Furthermore, you are fully comfortable with regional variations and slang related to the word across different Spanish-speaking countries. You can write detailed, formal reports or articles involving audio equipment, and your spoken Spanish flows naturally even when discussing complex, abstract ideas related to communication and the power of broadcasting.
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At the C2 mastery level, you possess a native-like command of the word 'micrófono' and all its associated linguistic and cultural nuances. You can effortlessly navigate any context, from highly technical sound engineering manuals to poetic or literary texts where the microphone serves as a profound metaphor for expression, censorship, or amplification of the human voice. You understand historical references to the evolution of broadcasting in the Spanish-speaking world and can analyze how the microphone has shaped public discourse. You are familiar with obscure idioms, historical slang, and the subtle ways tone and register change how the word is perceived. You can play with the language, creating puns or rhetorical devices centered around the concept of the microphone. Whether you are delivering a keynote speech about telecommunications, writing a critical essay on media influence, or engaging in fast-paced, colloquial banter with native speakers from any region, your use of the word and its related terminology is flawless, precise, and deeply rooted in the cultural consciousness of the language.
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예시
The word micrófono is a fundamental noun in the Spanish language, essential for anyone engaging in modern communication, entertainment, or public speaking. When learning Spanish, understanding how to use this word correctly will unlock your ability to discuss a wide range of topics, from attending a live music concert to troubleshooting audio issues during a video conference. A micrófono, simply put, is a device that captures audio by converting sound waves into electrical signals. This technology has revolutionized the way humans interact, broadcast information, and record history. In everyday conversation, you will frequently hear native speakers refer to this device when setting up equipment, preparing for a performance, or even just talking on their mobile phones. The integration of the micrófono into daily life is so profound that we often take it for granted, yet its linguistic footprint is massive.
Core Definition
A device used to convert acoustic power into electric power that has similar wave characteristics.
Everyday Usage
Commonly used when referring to phones, headsets, karaoke machines, and stage equipment.
Technical Context
In studios, people discuss specific types like condenser, dynamic, or ribbon microphones.
Let us delve deeper into the various contexts where this word shines. Historically, the invention of the microphone allowed for the expansion of radio and television, mediums that deeply influenced Spanish-speaking cultures worldwide. From the passionate radio novelas of the mid-20th century to the booming Latin music industry of today, the micrófono has been the silent witness to cultural evolution.

El cantante agarró el micrófono con fuerza y comenzó a cantar la balada.

As you can see, the word is seamlessly integrated into actions involving performance. Furthermore, the advent of the internet has given rise to new professions such as podcasting and streaming, where the micrófono is the primary tool of the trade. In these digital arenas, the quality of the micrófono is often discussed at length. When you are in a professional setting, such as a corporate meeting or an academic conference, knowing how to ask for a microphone or report that it is not working is a vital skill. Phrases like 'el micrófono no funciona' or '¿puedes encender tu micrófono?' are incredibly common in the era of remote work.

Por favor, apaga tu micrófono cuando no estés hablando para evitar el eco.

This practical application extends to social events as well. Imagine attending a lively wedding in Spain or a festive quinceañera in Mexico; eventually, someone will tap the microphone to give a toast.

El padrino tomó el micrófono para dedicar unas palabras a los novios.

The physical interaction with the object is often described using verbs like 'tomar' (to take), 'agarrar' (to grab), 'encender' (to turn on), and 'apagar' (to turn off). Understanding these collocations will make your Spanish sound much more natural and fluent. Beyond the physical device, the microphone also holds symbolic weight. Giving someone the microphone implies giving them a voice, a platform, or authority.

El presentador le cedió el micrófono al experto invitado.

This metaphorical usage is prevalent in journalism, politics, and debates. Whether you are a musician looking to buy gear in a music shop in Buenos Aires, a remote worker navigating Zoom calls with colleagues in Bogotá, or a traveler wanting to sing karaoke in Madrid, mastering the word micrófono and its associated vocabulary is an undeniable necessity.

Necesitamos un micrófono de solapa para la entrevista de televisión.

By familiarizing yourself with these examples and contexts, you ensure that you are never left speechless—or mic-less—in a Spanish-speaking environment.
Constructing sentences with the word micrófono requires a solid understanding of its grammatical properties and the verbs that most naturally accompany it. Because micrófono is a masculine singular noun, it must be preceded by masculine articles such as 'el' (the) or 'un' (a). When pluralized, it becomes 'los micrófonos' or 'unos micrófonos'. This fundamental rule of gender agreement is the first step in using the word correctly. Let us explore the most common verbs used in conjunction with this noun.
Encender / Apagar
To turn on / turn off. These are the most frequent verbs used in the digital age, especially during virtual meetings.
Acercarse / Alejarse
To get closer / move away. Used to direct someone on how to position themselves relative to the device.
Hablar por
To speak through/into. The standard preposition to indicate using the device to amplify one's voice.
When you want to instruct someone to use the microphone, you would say 'habla por el micrófono'. This translates directly to 'speak through the microphone', which is the standard phrasing in Spanish.

Tienes que hablar por el micrófono para que todos te escuchen.

Another crucial aspect of sentence construction involves adjectives that describe the microphone. Since the noun is masculine, all adjectives modifying it must also be masculine. Common adjectives include 'inalámbrico' (wireless), 'roto' (broken), 'nuevo' (new), and 'abierto' (open/unmuted).

El periodista utilizó un micrófono inalámbrico para moverse libremente por el escenario.

In professional audio settings, you might need to use more specific terminology. For instance, distinguishing between a 'micrófono de condensador' (condenser microphone) and a 'micrófono dinámico' (dynamic microphone).

Para grabar las voces en el estudio, siempre prefiero usar un micrófono de condensador.

Prepositions also play a significant role. The microphone is usually placed 'en' (on) a stand, which is called a 'pie de micrófono'. If someone drops it, it falls 'al' (to the) floor.

El comediante dejó el micrófono en su pie y se despidió del público.

When dealing with technical difficulties, the verb 'funcionar' (to function/work) is your best friend. If you are on a call and cannot hear the other person, you might say, 'Creo que tu micrófono no funciona' (I think your microphone isn't working). Conversely, if you want to test the audio, the classic phrase is 'Probando, probando, un, dos, tres' while tapping the device.

El técnico de sonido ajustó el volumen del micrófono antes de que comenzara el discurso.

Mastering these sentence structures will allow you to communicate effectively in any situation involving audio equipment, ensuring you are understood clearly and confidently.
The word micrófono is ubiquitous in the Spanish-speaking world, appearing in countless daily scenarios, media broadcasts, and professional environments. Its presence is so pervasive that you will encounter it regardless of whether you are in a formal or informal setting. One of the most common places you will hear this word is during live events. Whether it is a massive stadium concert in Buenos Aires, a local theater production in Madrid, or a vibrant street festival in Mexico City, the audio setup is crucial. Sound engineers and stagehands constantly communicate about the placement and functionality of the equipment.
Concerts and Live Shows
Used constantly by roadies, musicians, and technicians to coordinate sound checks.
Television and Radio
Broadcasters frequently mention the device, especially when interviewing people on the street.
Corporate and Remote Work
The most common modern usage, heard daily in Zoom, Teams, or Meet calls.
In the realm of journalism, the microphone is a symbol of the profession. Reporters often thrust a 'micrófono' toward politicians or celebrities to capture their statements.

Una multitud de reporteros extendió sus micrófonos hacia el presidente cuando salió del edificio.

You will also hear the word frequently in the context of modern digital content creation. YouTubers, Twitch streamers, and podcasters across Latin America and Spain dedicate significant time to discussing their audio setups. They review different models, debate the merits of USB versus XLR connections, and advise their audiences on how to achieve the best sound quality.

El famoso streamer compró un nuevo micrófono para mejorar la calidad de sus transmisiones en vivo.

In educational settings, teachers use microphones in large lecture halls to ensure every student can hear the lesson. During school assemblies, the principal will inevitably tap the microphone to command attention before speaking.

El profesor encendió el micrófono de solapa antes de comenzar la clase magistral de historia.

Furthermore, the rise of remote work has made the word an unavoidable part of daily corporate vocabulary. Phrases such as 'estás en silencio' (you are on mute) or 'tienes el micrófono apagado' (your microphone is off) have become modern mantras.

Perdón, no me di cuenta de que tenía el micrófono silenciado mientras presentaba el informe.

Even in casual, recreational activities like karaoke, which is incredibly popular in many Hispanic countries, the microphone is the center of attention. Friends will pass it around, cheer each other on, and occasionally complain if the volume is too low.

Pásame el micrófono, que esta es mi canción favorita y la voy a cantar con todo.

Understanding these diverse contexts not only enriches your vocabulary but also helps you navigate the cultural and social nuances of the Spanish-speaking world with greater ease and confidence.
When English speakers learn the Spanish word micrófono, they often encounter a few predictable stumbling blocks. While the word is a cognate and looks very similar to its English counterpart, 'microphone', these similarities can sometimes lead to a false sense of security, resulting in errors in pronunciation, spelling, and grammatical agreement. The most frequent mistake involves gender assignment. Because the word ends in 'o', it follows the standard rule for masculine nouns. However, learners sometimes get confused in fast-paced speech and incorrectly apply feminine articles.
Gender Agreement Error
Saying 'la micrófono' instead of the correct 'el micrófono'. Always ensure adjectives match this masculine gender.
Pronunciation Error
Placing the stress on the wrong syllable. In English, the stress is on the first syllable (MI-cro-phone). In Spanish, it is on the second (mi-CRO-fo-no).
Spelling Error
Forgetting to write the accent mark over the 'ó'. This is crucial for maintaining the correct stress pattern.
The accent mark, or tilde, is not optional in Spanish. It dictates the rhythm of the word. Without the accent, the rules of Spanish pronunciation would force the stress onto the penultimate syllable (mi-cro-FO-no), which is incorrect and sounds very unnatural to native speakers.

Asegúrate de escribir la tilde cuando redactes un correo sobre el micrófono defectuoso.

Another common pitfall is the literal translation of English phrasal verbs. In English, we say 'speak into the microphone'. A direct translation might lead a learner to say 'hablar dentro del micrófono' or 'hablar en el micrófono'. While 'hablar en' is sometimes understood, the most natural and grammatically sound preposition to use is 'por'. You speak 'through' the microphone in Spanish.

El director le pidió al actor que hablara por el micrófono para grabar la voz en off.

Additionally, learners sometimes struggle with the abbreviation. In English, we shorten it to 'mic' (pronounced 'mike'). In Spanish, the abbreviation is 'micro'. Saying 'el mic' in a Spanish sentence will confuse listeners, as it sounds like an English loanword that hasn't been widely adopted in standard conversation.

Oye, pásame el micro, creo que es mi turno de hablar.

Finally, when discussing muting and unmuting during virtual meetings, English speakers often try to invent verbs like 'mutear'. While 'mutear' has become common slang in gaming and tech circles (a Spanglish adaptation), the formally correct terms are 'silenciar' (to mute) and 'activar' or 'encender' (to unmute/turn on).

Por favor, silencia tu micrófono porque hay mucho ruido de fondo en tu casa.

By being aware of these common mistakes, you can significantly improve your accuracy and sound much more like a native speaker when discussing audio equipment.
While micrófono is the primary and most accurate word for the device that captures sound, the Spanish language offers a variety of related terms, synonyms, and alternatives depending on the specific context, region, and level of formality. Understanding these nuances will expand your vocabulary and allow you to communicate more precisely about audio technology. The most direct alternative is the colloquial abbreviation 'micro'. This is extremely common in Spain and many parts of Latin America, used in casual conversation just as 'mic' is used in English.
El micro
The casual, everyday abbreviation. Perfect for informal chats with friends or colleagues.
El megáfono
A megaphone or bullhorn. Used to amplify the voice directly without electronic transmission to speakers.
El auricular / Los auriculares
Headphones or earpieces. Often, headsets come with a built-in microphone, leading people to refer to the entire unit by this name.
It is vital to distinguish between input and output devices. As mentioned in common mistakes, learners sometimes confuse the word for microphone with the words for speakers. In Spanish, a speaker is called 'el altavoz' (mostly in Spain) or 'la bocina' / 'el parlante' (in Latin America).

El sonido entra por el micrófono y sale amplificado por los altavoces.

In the context of espionage or surveillance, a hidden microphone is often referred to as 'un micrófono oculto' or, more colloquially, 'un bicho' (literally 'a bug'). This mirrors the English slang perfectly.

Los detectives instalaron un micrófono oculto en la oficina del sospechoso para grabar sus conversaciones.

In broadcasting, you might hear the term 'micrófono de solapa', which translates to lapel mic or lavalier microphone. This is the small microphone clipped to a news anchor's clothing. Another specific type is the 'micrófono de diadema', which is a headset microphone worn over the head, commonly used by singers who dance or operators in call centers.

La operadora ajustó su micrófono de diadema antes de recibir la siguiente llamada del cliente.

When discussing the stand that holds the device, you use the phrase 'pie de micrófono' (literally, foot of the microphone). If you are referring to the boom arm used in film production, it is called a 'micrófono de jirafa' (giraffe microphone) or simply 'la pértiga' (the boom pole).

El técnico de sonido sostuvo la pértiga con el micrófono por encima de los actores durante toda la escena.

By learning these related terms and specific variations, you will be able to describe any audio setup with the precision of a native speaker, whether you are in a recording studio, a video conference, or a film set.
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수준별 예문

1

El micrófono es negro.

The microphone is black.

Basic noun-adjective agreement. Masculine singular.

2

Yo tengo un micrófono.

I have a microphone.

Using the indefinite article 'un' with a masculine noun.

3

El micrófono está en la mesa.

The microphone is on the table.

Using 'estar' for location.

4

¿Dónde está el micrófono?

Where is the microphone?

Basic question structure with 'dónde'.

5

Es un micrófono grande.

It is a big microphone.

Adjective placement after the noun.

6

Los micrófonos son nuevos.

The microphones are new.

Pluralization of noun and adjective.

7

Yo canto con el micrófono.

I sing with the microphone.

Using the preposition 'con' (with).

8

Ese es mi micrófono.

That is my microphone.

Using possessive adjectives (mi).

1

Por favor, enciende el micrófono.

Please, turn on the microphone.

Imperative form of 'encender'.

2

Necesito comprar un micrófono para mi computadora.

I need to buy a microphone for my computer.

Using an infinitive verb after 'necesito'.

3

Habla por el micrófono para que te escuchemos.

Speak into the microphone so we can hear you.

Using the preposition 'por' to mean 'through/into'.

4

El micrófono no funciona bien hoy.

The microphone is not working well today.

Using 'funcionar' for electronic devices.

5

Apaga tu micrófono, hay mucho ruido.

Turn off your microphone, there is a lot of noise.

Informal imperative of 'apagar'.

6

Ella dejó el micrófono en el suelo.

She left the microphone on the floor.

Past tense (pretérito) of 'dejar'.

7

¿Puedes acercarte al micrófono?

Can you get closer to the microphone?

Reflexive verb 'acercarse' with preposition 'a'.

8

Tienen dos micrófonos en el escenario.

They have two microphones on the stage.

Using numbers with plural nouns.

1

Ayer se rompió el micrófono durante el concierto.

Yesterday the microphone broke during the concert.

Impersonal/passive 'se' construction with pretérito.

2

Si tuviera dinero, compraría un micrófono profesional.

If I had money, I would buy a professional microphone.

Second conditional (imperfect subjunctive + conditional).

3

Me prestó su micro para grabar el podcast.

He lent me his mic to record the podcast.

Use of the colloquial abbreviation 'micro'.

4

Es importante que el micrófono esté encendido antes de hablar.

It is important that the microphone is on before speaking.

Present subjunctive after an impersonal expression.

5

Estuvimos probando los micrófonos toda la tarde.

We were testing the microphones all afternoon.

Past continuous tense (estar + gerundio).

6

El presentador pidió que le trajeran otro micrófono.

The presenter asked that they bring him another microphone.

Imperfect subjunctive in reported speech.

7

Aunque el micrófono era viejo, sonaba muy bien.

Although the microphone was old, it sounded very good.

Using 'aunque' with imperfect indicative.

8

No creo que ese micrófon

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