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C1 verb 9분 분량

انگاشتن

angāshtan
예시 노트와 팁 انگاشتن 30초 만에
설명 انگاشتن in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'انگاشتن' (Engāshtan) in your own speaking. It is a very advanced word that even some native speakers might only see in books. However, you can think of it as a very fancy way of saying 'to think' (فکر کردن). If you see it in a story, just remember it means someone is 'imagining' or 'supposing' something. For now, focus on simpler words like 'فکر کردن' (to think) or 'دیدن' (to see). If you see the word 'انگار' (engār) in a sentence like 'انگار باران می‌بارد' (It seems like it's raining), that is a small piece of this big verb!
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For A2 learners, 'انگاشتن' is still a 'passive' vocabulary word—one you recognize but don't necessarily use. It means 'to consider' or 'to deem.' You might see it in formal news headlines or in simple poems. A key thing to learn at this level is that Persian has different 'levels' of words for the same thing. While you use 'فکر کردن' (to think) with your friends, writers use 'انگاشتن' in books. It shows you that Persian is a language with a long history and many layers. If you see 'او را دوست انگاشت,' just know it means 'He thought of him as a friend.'
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At the B1 level, you are starting to read more complex texts. You will encounter 'انگاشتن' in editorials or short stories. You should understand that this verb is 'simple' (not a compound verb like 'fekr kardan'), which makes it sound more classical. You should also recognize its present stem 'انگار' (engār). At this stage, try to understand the difference between 'supposing' (engāshtan) and 'believing' (bāvar dāshtan). 'Engāshtan' is more about how you frame an idea in your mind. It's a great word to recognize when you are reading Persian literature or watching formal interviews.
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As a B2 learner, you should be able to identify 'انگاشتن' in various tenses, especially the past and the present. You should also know the word 'انگاره' (engāreh), which means 'notion' or 'paradigm' and comes from the same root. You might start using 'انگاشتن' in your formal writing to avoid repeating simpler words. For example, instead of saying 'He thought the problem was easy,' you could write 'او مشکل را آسان انگاشت' to sound more professional. You should also be aware of its synonym 'پنداشتن' and start to feel the literary 'weight' that these words carry in a sentence.
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At the C1 level, you are expected to use 'انگاشتن' correctly in academic or formal contexts. You should understand its nuances—that it implies a conceptual 'framing' or 'deeming.' You should be comfortable using it in the subjunctive (بینگاریم) or passive (انگاشته می‌شود) forms. At this level, you use the word to discuss abstract concepts, such as how a society 'considers' certain behaviors. You should also be able to distinguish it from 'قلمداد کردن' (to portray) and 'فرض کردن' (to assume). Mastery of this word demonstrates that you have moved beyond basic communication into the realm of intellectual Persian discourse.
For C2 mastery, 'انگاشتن' is a tool for precision and rhetorical flair. You use it to navigate the subtle differences between 'supposition,' 'perception,' and 'conceptualization.' You are familiar with its use in classical poetry (like the Shahnameh or Rumi) and can interpret the philosophical implications when a modern philosopher uses it to describe 'human constructs.' You can use it in complex sentence structures, such as 'چنین می‌انگارم که...' to introduce a nuanced argument. At this level, the word is not just a verb; it is a signal of your deep immersion in the Persian literary and intellectual tradition.
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예시 노트와 팁

انگاشتن 30초 만에

  • A formal Persian verb meaning 'to consider' or 'to deem'.
  • Used in literary, academic, and philosophical contexts.
  • Present stem is 'engār'; past stem is 'engāsht'.
  • Synonymous with 'pendāshtan' but more analytical in tone.

The Persian verb انگاشتن (Engāshtan) is a sophisticated, high-register term that translates most accurately to 'to suppose,' 'to deem,' 'to consider,' or 'to imagine something to be the case.' In the vast landscape of Persian vocabulary, where multiple words exist for 'thinking' or 'believing,' Engāshtan occupies a specialized niche. It is not the casual 'thinking' of everyday life (for which one would use فکر کردن), nor is it the purely logical 'concluding' (for which one might use استنتاج کردن). Instead, it describes a cognitive act where an individual frames a reality or adopts a specific perspective toward a subject, often without definitive proof or as a preliminary assumption in a philosophical or literary argument.

Register and Context
This verb is predominantly found in formal literature, academic papers, classical poetry, and high-level philosophical discourse. You will rarely, if ever, hear it in a Tehran bazaar or a casual family dinner. When a writer uses Engāshtan, they are signaling a level of intellectual rigor or poetic elevation. It suggests a process of 'mental construction'—shaping an idea in the mind.

بسیاری از مردم خوشبختی را در ثروت می‌انگارند، اما حقیقت چیز دیگری است.
(Many people consider happiness to be in wealth, but the truth is something else.)

Historically, the word has roots in Middle Persian (Pahlavi), where it carried a similar meaning of 'calculating' or 'reckoning.' In modern Persian, the present stem is انگار (engār) and the past stem is انگاشت (engāsht). Interestingly, the present stem engār has survived in common speech through the particle انگاری (engāri), which means 'it's as if' or 'seemingly,' though the full verb remains strictly formal.

Nuance vs. Pendāshtan
While Pendāshtan is its closest synonym, Engāshtan often carries a stronger sense of 'portraying' or 'depicting' something in the mind. It is related to the word انگاره (engāreh), which means 'paradigm' or 'notion.' Thus, to engāsht is to place something within a specific conceptual paradigm.

او سکوت را نشانه رضایت انگاشت.
(He deemed silence as a sign of consent.)

In contemporary academic Persian, you will see this verb in discussions about perception and social constructs. For example, 'socially constructed' is often translated using roots of this verb. It implies that the 'reality' being discussed is a product of human supposition rather than an objective, physical fact. This makes it an essential word for C1 level learners who are transitioning from basic communication to complex analysis.

Poetic Usage
In classical poetry, particularly in the works of Rumi or Hafez, the verb might appear to describe the illusory nature of the world. The world is 'engāshteh' (imagined/supposed) to be permanent, while it is actually transient. This philosophical weight is what gives the word its lasting prestige in the Persian language.

نباید دشمن را ناتوان انگاشت.
(One should not consider the enemy weak.)

Using انگاشتن requires an understanding of its formal syntax. In modern Persian, while the verb is simple in its infinitive form, it functions similarly to 'to regard as.' It frequently follows the pattern: [Subject] + [Object] + [Complement] + [Conjugated Verb]. For example, 'I considered him a friend' becomes 'من او را دوست انگاشتم.' Note how there is no need for a preposition like 'as' (به عنوان) in many traditional constructions, though modern usage sometimes inserts it for clarity.

The Present Tense
The present stem is engār. The present continuous (though rare for this verb) would be 'می‌انگارم.' More commonly, it is used in the present simple to state a general belief or philosophical stance. Example: چنین می‌انگارند که علم تنها راه نجات است (They suppose that science is the only way of salvation).

او خود را تافته جدا بافته می‌انگارد.
(He considers himself someone special/set apart.)

One of the most common ways you will see Engāshtan used is in the passive participle form, انگاشته شده (engāshteh shodeh), which means 'supposed' or 'assumed.' This is very frequent in scientific or mathematical contexts where an 'assumed value' is discussed. For example, 'The assumed distance' would be 'مسافتِ انگاشته شده.' This highlights the word's utility in technical and formal writing.

Negative Constructions
Negating this verb is straightforward: add the prefix 'na-'. نیانگاشتن (not to suppose). In the present, it becomes نمی‌انگارم. It is often used to caution against false assumptions. 'Don't think that...' can be elegantly rendered as 'چنین میانگار که...'.

خطاست اگر این پیروزی را پایان کار بينگاریم.
(It is a mistake if we consider this victory as the end of the work.)

In literary Persian, the subjunctive mood (using the 'be-' prefix) is frequently applied to this verb to express doubt or hypothetical scenarios. 'بينگارد' (should he/she suppose). This is common in 'if' clauses: 'اگر چنین بینگاریم که...' (If we were to suppose that...). This construction is a hallmark of C1 and C2 level Persian proficiency, as it demonstrates a grasp of complex mood and formal register.

او را نباید نادان انگاشت.
(He should not be deemed ignorant.)

If you are walking down the streets of Shiraz or Tehran, you are unlikely to hear someone say 'I engāsht that you were coming.' Instead, they will use fekr kardam. However, the moment you turn on a high-quality news analysis program, open a literary journal like 'Bokhara,' or attend a university lecture on sociology, انگاشتن and its derivatives will appear frequently.

Academic Lectures
Professors use this word to discuss theories. They might say, 'در این نظریه، انسان موجودی خردمند انگاشته می‌شود' (In this theory, the human is considered a rational being). It provides a level of objectivity and distance that 'thinking' lacks.

این فرضیه، جهان را یک کل واحد می‌انگارد.
(This hypothesis considers the world as a single whole.)

Another common place is in historical documentaries or biographic narrations. When discussing how a historical figure was perceived by their peers, the narrator might say: 'مردم او را منجی خود می‌انگاشتند' (The people considered him their savior). Here, the word helps convey a collective perception or a historical 'framing' of an individual.

Legal and Formal Writing
In legal contracts or formal letters, Engāshtan is used to define terms or conditions. 'Any delay will be considered a breach' might be translated using a form of this verb to maintain the necessary legal gravity.

عدم پاسخگویی، به منزله انصراف انگاشته خواهد شد.
(Lack of response will be deemed as withdrawal.)

Finally, in the world of Persian translation of Western philosophy (like Kant or Hegel), this verb is indispensable. It translates concepts like 'transcendental apperception' or 'regarding' in a way that preserves the philosophical nuance of the original text. For a student of Persian, mastering this word is the key to unlocking these high-level texts.

Because انگاشتن is a high-level verb, the most common mistake is using it in the wrong register. Using it while ordering food or talking to a friend about a movie will sound jarringly 'over-the-top' or even sarcastic. It is like saying 'I deem this pizza to be delicious' in English—it works grammatically, but it is socially weird.

Confusing Stems
Students often confuse the present stem engār with negār (from negāshtan, to write/paint). While they sound similar, Engāshtan is about thinking/supposing, while Negāshtan is about the physical or artistic act of recording something. Remember: 'E' for 'Estimate' (suppose), 'N' for 'Note' (write).

Incorrect: او نامه را انگاشت.
Correct: او نامه را نگاشت.
(He wrote the letter, he didn't 'suppose' the letter.)

Another mistake involves the 'rā' marker. Since Engāshtan often takes a complement (X is considered Y), learners sometimes forget to mark X with 'rā'. In 'I considered him a king,' 'him' must be 'او را'. Without 'rā', the sentence becomes confusing and loses its formal structure.

Over-complicating the Present Tense
Learners sometimes try to use the present continuous 'dāram mi-engāram.' This is almost never used. Stick to the simple present 'mi-engāram' for habitual or general suppositions, or the past 'engāshtam' for specific instances.

مرا دست‌کم نیانگار!
(Do not underestimate me! / Do not suppose me to be less than I am.)

Finally, avoid confusing Engāshtan with Gozāshtan (to put/place). Although they share a similar ending, their meanings are entirely unrelated. Engāshtan is a mental 'placement,' while Gozāshtan is a physical one.

To truly master انگاشتن, you must see how it sits alongside its cousins. Persian has a rich vocabulary for the mind, and choosing the right word depends on the 'flavor' of the thought you are describing.

پنداشتن (Pendāshtan)
This is the closest synonym. Pendāshtan also means to suppose or imagine. However, Pendāshtan often carries a slight connotation of being 'wrong'—like a false assumption. Engāshtan is more neutral and analytical.
تصور کردن (Tasavvor Kardan)
This means 'to imagine' or 'to visualize.' It is much more common in daily speech. Use this if you are talking about picturing something in your head. Use Engāshtan if you are talking about a logical or philosophical categorization.

Comparison:
۱. او را مرده پنداشتم (I mistakenly thought he was dead).
۲. او را قهرمان انگاشتم (I regarded him as a hero).

فرض کردن (Farz Kardan)
This means 'to assume' for the sake of argument. It is very common in math and logic. Engāshtan is broader; it’s not just a temporary assumption but a way of viewing the world.
قلمداد کردن (Ghalamdād Kardan)
This means 'to portray' or 'to pass off as.' It is often used when someone is trying to make something look like something it's not. Engāshtan is more about the internal mental state, while Ghalamdād Kardan is about the external presentation.

او این شکست را یک پیروزی قلمداد کرد.
(He portrayed this defeat as a victory.)

In summary, choose Engāshtan when you want to describe a deep-seated mental regard or a formal assumption. It is the 'heavyweight' of the group, reserved for serious thought and fine literature.

재미있는 사실

The present stem 'engār' is used in modern Persian as a standalone particle 'engār' meaning 'it seems.' This is a rare case where a verb stem becomes a common daily particle while the verb itself stays formal.

발음 가이드

UK /enɡɒːʃtæn/
US /enɡɒːʃtæn/
The primary stress in the infinitive 'انگاشتن' falls on the last syllable: 'tan'. In the present 'می‌انگارم', the stress is on the prefix 'می'.
라임이 맞는 단어
پنداشتن (Pendāshtan) نگاشتن (Negāshtan) گماشتن (Gomāshtan) برداشتن (Bardāshtan) داشتن (Dāshtan) کاشتن (Kāshtan) انباشتن (Anbāshtan) فراشتن (Farāshtan)
자주 하는 실수
  • Pronouncing the 'g' as a 'j'. It is always a hard 'g'.
  • Shortening the long 'ā' in the middle.
  • Confusing the spelling with 'negāshtan'.
  • Stress on the first syllable in the past tense.
  • Mispronouncing the 'sh' as a 's'.
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수준별 예문

1

انگار او خوشحال است.

It seems he is happy.

Using 'engār' as a particle meaning 'it seems'.

2

من فکر کردم تو هستی.

I thought it was you.

A1 alternative for 'engāshtan'.

3

او را دوست ببین.

See him as a friend.

Simple imperative.

4

انگار باران می‌آید.

It seems it's raining.

Common usage of the stem.

5

من او را می‌شناسم.

I know him.

Basic verb.

6

خیال کردم رفتی.

I imagined you left.

Informal 'imagined'.

7

او مهربان است.

He is kind.

Simple description.

8

کتاب را بخوان.

Read the book.

Imperative.

1

او مرا دشمن انگاشت.

He considered me an enemy.

Past tense of engāshtan.

2

نباید این را آسان انگاشت.

One should not consider this easy.

Negative formal construction.

3

انگار کسی در خانه نیست.

It seems no one is home.

Use of 'engār' for appearances.

4

او خود را بزرگ می‌انگارد.

He considers himself great.

Present tense usage.

5

ما این کار را درست انگاشتیم.

We considered this work correct.

First person plural past.

6

آنها سکوت را علامت رضا انگاشتند.

They deemed silence a sign of consent.

Common idiom with the verb.

7

آیا تو مرا نادان می‌انگاری؟

Do you consider me ignorant?

Question form.

8

او همه چیز را بازی می‌انگارد.

He considers everything a game.

Present tense.

1

نویسنده، فقر را ریشه مشکلات می‌انگارد.

The writer considers poverty the root of problems.

Formal subject-object structure.

2

من چنین می‌انگارم که او برمی‌گردد.

I suppose that he will return.

Using 'chenin' (such/so).

3

او هر سخنی را حقیقت می‌انگاشت.

He considered every word as truth.

Habitual past meaning.

4

نباید دشمن را ناتوان انگاشت.

One should not consider the enemy weak.

Formal advice/proverbial.

5

او زندگی را یک سفر می‌انگارد.

He considers life a journey.

Metaphorical usage.

6

ما او را لایق این مقام انگاشتیم.

We deemed him worthy of this position.

Adjective complement.

7

او مرگ را پایان همه چیز نمی‌انگارد.

He does not consider death the end of everything.

Negative present tense.

8

آیا می‌توان این رفتار را توهین انگاشت؟

Can this behavior be considered an insult?

Modal verb 'tavānestan' + infinitive.

1

در این کتاب، تاریخ به عنوان یک چرخه انگاشته شده است.

In this book, history is considered a cycle.

Passive participle.

2

بسیاری این نظریه را باطل می‌انگارند.

Many consider this theory invalid.

Plural present tense.

3

او خود را تافته‌ای جدا بافته می‌انگاشت.

He considered himself someone special.

Idiomatic complement.

4

اگر چنین بینگاریم، تمام تلاش‌های ما بیهوده است.

If we suppose so, all our efforts are in vain.

Subjunctive mood in 'if' clause.

5

او سکوتِ رقیب را نشانه ترس انگاشت.

He considered the rival's silence a sign of fear.

Specific past action.

6

این موضوع نباید کوچک انگاشته شود.

This issue should not be considered small.

Passive subjunctive.

7

فلاسفه باستان، زمین را مرکز جهان می‌انگاشتند.

Ancient philosophers considered the Earth the center of the universe.

Past habitual.

8

او هر لبخندی را نشانه دوستی می‌انگارد.

He considers every smile a sign of friendship.

Present tense generalization.

1

جامعه‌شناسان، زبان را یک برساختِ اجتماعی می‌انگارند.

Sociologists consider language a social construct.

Academic register.

2

او هرگونه انتقاد را دشمنی شخصی می‌انگارد.

He deems any criticism as personal enmity.

Complex object phrase.

3

نباید پدیده‌های فرهنگی را مستقل از تاریخ انگاشت.

Cultural phenomena should not be considered independent of history.

Formal negation with infinitive.

4

او خود را فراتر از قانون می‌انگاشت.

He considered himself above the law.

Prepositional phrase as complement.

5

این رویکرد، انسان را تنها در ابعاد اقتصادی می‌انگارد.

This approach considers humans only in economic dimensions.

Analytical tone.

6

چنین می‌انگارم که این بحث به درازا خواهد کشید.

I suppose that this discussion will drag on.

Formal introductory phrase.

7

او هر شکستی را پله‌ای برای پیروزی می‌انگارد.

He considers every defeat a step toward victory.

Metaphorical academic style.

8

در این پارادایم، ذهن به مثابه یک رایانه انگاشته می‌شود.

Passive with 'be masābe-ye' (as/like).

1

حکیمان، جهانِ مادی را سایه‌ای از حقیقت می‌انگاشتند.

Sages considered the material world a shadow of truth.

Classical/Mystical register.

2

او هر دم را غنیمتی می‌انگارد که نباید از کف داد.

He considers every breath a boon that must not be lost.

Poetic/Philosophical phrasing.

3

بی‌آنکه بخواهم، او را در این ماجرا مقصر انگاشتم.

Without wanting to, I deemed him guilty in this matter.

Complex sentence with 'bi-ānke'.

4

آیا می‌توان هستی را بدونِ آگاهی متصور انگاشت؟

Can existence be considered conceivable without consciousness?

Double verb construction (motesavvor engāshtan).

5

او هنر را تنها ابزاری برای تبلیغ می‌انگارد.

He considers art merely a tool for propaganda.

Restrictive adverb 'tanhā'.

6

چنین می‌انگارم که گویی زمان باز ایستاده است.

I suppose as if time has stood still.

High literary style.

7

او مرگ را نه یک پایان، که یک دگرگونی می‌انگارد.

He considers death not an end, but a transformation.

Contrastive construction (na... ke...).

8

اگر حقیقت را آنگونه که هست بینگاریم، بسیاری از باورها فرو می‌ریزند.

If we were to consider truth as it is, many beliefs would collapse.

Advanced conditional with subjunctive.

자주 쓰는 조합

خطا انگاشتن
خوار انگاشتن
غنیمت انگاشتن
سهل انگاشتن
دشمن انگاشتن
روا انگاشتن
مقدس انگاشتن
باطل انگاشتن
لازم انگاشتن
پایان انگاشتن

자주 쓰는 구문

چنین می‌انگارم که

— I suppose that / I am under the impression that.

چنین می‌انگارم که حق با شماست.

انگاشته می‌شود

— It is considered / It is deemed.

این اثر شاهکار انگاشته می‌شود.

نباید چنین انگاشت

— One should not suppose so.

نباید چنین انگاشت که همه چیز تمام شده.

سهل‌انگاری

— Negligence (literally: considering things easy/unimportant).

سهل‌انگاری باعث حادثه شد.

خودبزرگ‌انگاری

— Grandiosity / Narcissism (considering oneself great).

او دچار خودبزرگ‌انگاری است.

دشمن‌انگاری

— Viewing as an enemy (often in politics).

سیاستِ دشمن‌انگاری بیهوده است.

انگاره‌های ذهنی

— Mental paradigms or notions.

باید انگاره‌های ذهنی خود را تغییر دهیم.

واقع‌انگاری

— Realism (considering things as real).

او در هنرش به واقع‌انگاری معتقد است.

پندار و انگار

— Thoughts and suppositions (literary pair).

این‌ها همه پندار و انگار است.

برحق انگاشتن

— To consider someone or something as being in the right.

او خود را برحق می‌انگاشت.

관용어 및 표현

"انگار نه انگار"

— As if nothing happened / To act indifferent.

به او توهین کردند، اما او انگار نه انگار.

Informal
"فرصت را غنیمت انگاشتن"

— To seize the opportunity / To consider it a boon.

او سکوتِ جمع را غنیمت انگاشت و شروع به صحبت کرد.

Formal
"مرا چه می‌انگاری؟"

— What do you take me for?

مرا نادان می‌انگاری؟

Neutral
"خواب و خیال انگاشتن"

— To dismiss something as a mere dream or fantasy.

او تمام حرف‌های مرا خواب و خیال انگاشت.

Literary
"آسان انگاشتن"

— To take something lightly or underestimate it.

حریف را نباید آسان انگاشت.

Formal
"حقیر انگاشتن"

— To look down upon / To deem insignificant.

او دیگران را حقیر می‌انگارد.

Literary
"انگار از آسمان افتاده"

— Acting as if they are special or superior.

طوری رفتار می‌کند که انگار از آسمان افتاده.

Informal
"عدم انگاشتن"

— To consider as non-existent / To negate.

او تمام زحمات مرا عدم انگاشت.

Philosophical
"واحد انگاشتن"

— To consider as one / To unify in thought.

آنها این دو موضوع را واحد می‌انگارند.

Academic
"به منزله... انگاشتن"

— To consider as equivalent to...

سکوت او به منزله قبول انگاشته شد.

Legal/Formal

어휘 가족

명사

انگاره (Paradigm/Notion)
انگار (Supposition - rare)
سهل‌انگاری (Negligence)
خودبزرگ‌انگاری (Narcissism)

동사

انگاشتن (To suppose)
پنداشتن (To imagine)
بازانگاشتن (To re-evaluate/re-imagine)

형용사

انگاشته (Supposed/Assumed)
سهل‌انگار (Negligent)
انگارشی (Hypothetical/Suppositional)

관련

فکر
خیال
گمان
تصور
فرض
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기억법

Think of the 'Eng' in 'Engāshtan' as standing for 'Engineer'. To 'Engāshtan' is to 'engineer' an idea or a supposition in your mind.

시각적 연상

Imagine a person looking at a plain rock and 'supposing' it is a diamond. That mental transformation of the rock into a diamond is 'Engāshtan'.

어원

Derived from Middle Persian 'angārdan' which meant to calculate, reckon, or consider. It shares the same Indo-European roots as words related to counting and arrangement.

원래 의미: To calculate or to put in order (mentally).

Indo-Iranian -> West Iranian -> Persian.
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