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B1 adjective 9분 분량

گندیده

gandideh

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 گندیده 30초 만에

설명 گندیده in your Level:

At the A1 level, you just need to know that 'gandideh' means 'very bad food' that you should not eat. Think of it as 'super-spoiled.' You might see it in a picture of a brown banana or a bad egg. It is a word that helps you stay safe. If someone says 'gandideh,' do not eat it! It is similar to 'bad' but specifically for food that smells. You don't need to worry about the grammar yet, just remember the sound 'gan-dee-deh' and associate it with a 'yuck' feeling. In A1, we focus on the most basic nouns: meat (gusht) and egg (tokhm-e morgh). If you hear 'Gusht gandideh,' it means 'Meat is bad.' This is a vital survival word for anyone visiting a market in Iran. Even at this early stage, knowing the difference between 'good' (khub) and 'rotten' (gandideh) is very helpful for daily life and shopping.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'gandideh' in simple sentences with the verb 'to be' (ast/hastand). You should learn that it follows the noun. For example, 'In miveh gandideh ast' (This fruit is rotten). You also learn that it is related to the word for smell, 'bu.' So, 'In bu-ye gandideh chist?' (What is this rotten smell?). You are beginning to see it as a specific type of 'bad.' You also start to distinguish it from 'kharâb' (broken). You might use it to describe why you are throwing something away. 'Man in sib râ dur andâkhtam chon gandideh bud' (I threw this apple away because it was rotten). At this level, you are building the vocabulary to describe the state of things in your immediate environment, like your kitchen or a grocery store. You also learn the basic plural form, though the adjective itself doesn't change for plurality in Persian (e.g., 'sib-hâ-ye gandideh').

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At the B1 level, you should understand the biological and sensory nuances of 'gandideh.' You know it comes from the verb 'gandidan' and represents a completed state of decay. You can use it to describe a variety of organic materials and understand its common collocations like 'tokhm-e morgh-e gandideh' (rotten egg). You also start to see it used in slightly more abstract ways, such as describing a 'stagnant' or 'rotten' environment. You are expected to use the Ezafe correctly when linking it to nouns (e.g., 'gushthâ-ye gandideh'). You can also compare it with 'fâsed' (spoiled/corrupt) and 'pusideh' (decayed/crumbly). This level requires you to understand the 'disgust' register the word carries. You might use it in a story or a description of a messy place. You also begin to recognize the root 'gand' in other words like 'gand-zadan' (to mess up), though you keep the adjective usage literal.

At the B2 level, you use 'gandideh' with more sophistication, including its metaphorical applications. You can describe not just rotten food, but a 'rotten' social situation or a 'decayed' political system. You understand the literary weight it carries in modern Persian prose. You are comfortable using it in complex sentences, such as 'Agar gushthâ râ dar yakhchâl nagozâri, be zudi gandideh mishavand' (If you don't put the meats in the fridge, they will soon become rotten). You also understand the nuances between 'gandideh' and 'fâsed' in official contexts versus everyday speech. You can discuss health and safety or environmental issues using this term to describe pollution or stagnant water. Your vocabulary is now large enough to choose 'gandideh' specifically to evoke a sense of revulsion or to emphasize the foul smell of a situation, moving beyond the simple 'kharâb' used by lower-level learners.

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At the C1 level, you appreciate the historical and etymological depth of 'gandideh.' You recognize it in classical and modern poetry where it might symbolize moral depravity or the inevitable decay of time. You can use it with precision in academic or journalistic writing to describe environmental catastrophes or the breakdown of organic matter in a scientific context. You understand the subtle differences in register between 'gandideh' and its Arabic synonyms like 'muta'affin' (putrid). You can analyze how authors use the word to create atmosphere or to critique society. Your usage is flawless, including the correct application of the Ezafe in all written forms. You also know related idiomatic expressions and can use the root 'gand' in various grammatical constructions to express disgust or failure with native-like fluency. You might even use it to describe the 'stagnation' of a language or a culture in a philosophical debate.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command over 'gandideh' and its entire word family. You can trace its roots back to Old Iranian languages and understand its cognates in other Indo-European languages. You use the word and its derivatives to express the finest shades of meaning, whether in a high-level biological thesis, a piece of creative literature, or a complex political analysis. You are aware of regional variations in how the word is used across the Persian-speaking world (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan). You can pun with the word or use it in high-level sarcasm. You understand the philosophical implications of 'gandidegi' (rottenness) as a concept in Persian thought, contrasting it with 'pâki' (purity). Your ability to use this word is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker, and you can explain its nuances to others with ease, citing examples from a wide range of literary and historical sources.

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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

گندیده 30초 만에

Gandideh means rotten or spoiled, specifically for organic things like meat or fruit.
It comes from the root 'gand,' which relates to a foul stench.
It is a stronger word than 'kharâb' and implies actual biological decay.
Commonly used in markets, kitchens, and sometimes as a metaphor for corruption.

The Persian word گندیده (pronounced 'gandideh') is a potent adjective used primarily to describe organic matter that has undergone a process of biological decay, decomposition, or putrefaction. Derived from the verb گندیدن (gandidan), which means 'to rot' or 'to stink,' the term specifically targets the state of being spoiled, usually accompanied by an offensive odor. In the physical realm, it is most frequently applied to food items—specifically meat, eggs, and fruits—that have passed their expiration and have become hazardous or repulsive. However, its usage extends beyond the literal kitchen environment into the metaphorical, where it describes things that are morally corrupt or fundamentally ruined. Unlike the word 'kharâb' (خراب), which can mean broken (like a car) or spoiled (like milk), 'gandideh' implies a deeper level of organic breakdown and stench.

Physical Decay: This is the primary usage. It refers to the chemical and biological breakdown of food. If you leave a steak out in the Tehran summer heat for three days, it becomes gandideh. The word evokes the sensory experience of the smell of sulfur or ammonia.

بوی گوشت گندیده تمام آشپزخانه را پر کرده بود. (The smell of rotten meat had filled the entire kitchen.)

Metaphorical Corruption: In literature and social discourse, 'gandideh' can describe a system, a thought, or a character that has become 'rotten to the core.' It suggests that the subject is no longer viable or healthy for society.

Linguistically, the root 'gand' is ancient. In Middle Persian, it was used to signify a foul smell. This heritage is preserved in modern Persian, where the noun 'gand' (گند) means a stench or a mess. When you add the suffix '-ideh,' it transforms into a past participle acting as an adjective. This indicates a completed state of rotting. In everyday Iranian culture, cleanliness is highly valued, and the word 'gandideh' is often used as a strong warning against eating something dangerous. It carries a heavy weight of repulsion. For example, 'Tokhm-e morgh-e gandideh' (rotten egg) is a classic phrase used to describe something that looks fine on the outside but is foul on the inside. Understanding this word helps learners navigate markets, understand health warnings, and appreciate the visceral descriptions in Persian prose. It is a B1 level word because while it is common, its nuances and specific applications to organic matter distinguish it from more basic adjectives like 'bad' or 'old.'

Using 'gandideh' correctly requires understanding its role as an adjective and its specific noun pairings. In Persian grammar, adjectives typically follow the noun they modify, linked by the 'Ezafe' (the short -e sound). Therefore, 'rotten fruit' becomes 'miveh-ye gandideh.' It is essential to remember that this word is almost exclusively used for things that were once alive or organic. You wouldn't call a 'rotten' computer 'gandideh'; you would call it 'kharâb' or 'asghâl' (trash).

Noun Pairings: Common nouns include: گوشت (meat), تخم‌مرغ (egg), میوه (fruit), سبزیجات (vegetables), and ماهی (fish). These are the most frequent victims of 'gandidan.'

این سیب‌ها گندیده هستند، آن‌ها را در سطل زباله بینداز. (These apples are rotten, throw them in the trash bin.)

Position in Sentences: It can be used attributively (after the noun: میوه گندیده) or predicatively (at the end of the sentence: این میوه گندیده است). Both are common in spoken and written Persian.

When describing a smell, 'gandideh' acts as a qualifier for 'bu' (smell). 'Buy-e gandideh' is a phrase that immediately signals danger or lack of hygiene. In more advanced contexts, you might see the verb form: 'Gushthâ dar garma gandideh and' (The meats have rotted in the heat). Note that 'gandideh' is the result of the process. If you want to say something is 'rotting' (ongoing), you would use the present participle or a continuous verb form, though 'gandideh' is often used even if the process isn't 100% complete to warn others. Interestingly, in Persian slang, the root 'gand' is used in the phrase 'gand zadan' (to mess up/to screw up), which implies making a 'stinking mess' of a situation. However, the adjective 'gandideh' remains more formal and literal than the slang verb. When writing, ensure you distinguish it from 'pusideh' (پوسیده), which refers to decay like dry rot in wood or cavities in teeth. 'Gandideh' is wet, smelly, and biological.

You will encounter 'gandideh' in several distinct environments. The most common is the 'Bazaar' or traditional market. If a customer sees a basket of tomatoes that are overripe and starting to liquefy, they might loudly complain to the seller, 'Aghâ, inha ke gandideh and!' (Sir, these are rotten!). It is a word of consumer protection and quality control. In the household, a mother might warn her children not to touch a specific container in the fridge because the contents are 'gandideh.' It is a word of caution.

ماهی‌فروش گفت که ماهی‌هایش تازه هستند و هیچ‌کدام گندیده نیستند. (The fishmonger said his fish are fresh and none of them are rotten.)

Beyond the market, you will hear this word in documentaries or news reports concerning environmental issues. For instance, if a lake becomes stagnant and the fish die, the reporter will describe the 'buy-e gandideh' (rotten smell) emanating from the water. It is also used in health and safety announcements. In literature, especially in the works of modern realists like Sadegh Hedayat, the word 'gandideh' is used to create a dark, oppressive atmosphere, symbolizing the decay of society or the human soul. It is a visceral word that appeals to the sense of smell, which is often the strongest sense linked to memory and disgust.

Public Health Contexts: Health inspectors use this term in official reports to describe unsanitary conditions in restaurants. 'Mavâd-e ghazâyi-ye gandideh' (rotten food materials) is a serious legal charge.

Finally, in the realm of metaphors, an old, stagnant idea might be called 'fekr-e gandideh' (a rotten thought). This implies that the idea is no longer useful and is actually poisoning the current discourse. In movies, a villain might be described as having a 'ghalb-e gandideh' (a rotten heart). This versatility—from the literal fish market to the heights of philosophical critique—makes 'gandideh' an indispensable word for a B1 learner moving toward fluency. It allows you to express not just 'badness,' but a specific, evocative kind of 'badness' that involves decay and repulsion.

For English speakers learning Persian, the most frequent mistake is overusing 'gandideh' where 'kharâb' (خراب) would be more appropriate. In English, we say 'the milk is spoiled' or 'the milk is rotten.' In Persian, milk is almost never called 'gandideh'; it is 'kharâb' or 'borideh' (curdled). 'Gandideh' requires a more solid or fleshy subject that can visibly decay and emit a strong stench, like meat or fruit. Using 'gandideh' for milk sounds very strange to a native ear.

Mistake 1: Confusing with 'Pusideh': Learners often use 'gandideh' for old wood or rusty metal. The correct word for the decay of non-fleshy materials is 'pusideh' (پوسیده). Wood 'pusideh' becomes soft and crumbles, but it doesn't 'gandideh' (rot with a stench).

اشتباه: دندان من گندیده است. (Wrong: My tooth is rotten - using gandideh.)
درست: دندان من پوسیده است. (Right: My tooth is decayed - using pusideh.)

Mistake 2: Formal vs. Informal registers: In very casual speech, people might say 'gandesh dar âmad' (the stink of it came out) to mean a secret was revealed. However, using the adjective 'gandideh' to describe a person's personality in a casual setting can be extremely offensive and overly dramatic. It is better to use 'fâsed' (corrupt) for people.

Another mistake involves the Ezafe. Because 'gandideh' ends in a silent 'h', learners often forget the 'ye' sound when connecting it to a following word in a phrase. For example, saying 'miveh gandideh khordam' sounds like 'I ate fruit rotten' without the grammatical glue. It must be 'miveh-ye gandideh' or 'miveh-i gandideh.' Finally, avoid using 'gandideh' for bread. Bread that has mold is usually called ' کپک‌زده' (kapak-zadeh). 'Gandideh' implies a level of liquefaction or intense smell that bread rarely reaches unless it's in very specific conditions. Stick to meat, eggs, and soft fruits for the most natural usage of 'gandideh.'

To truly master 'gandideh,' you must understand its neighbors in the Persian vocabulary of 'bad things.' Persian has a rich set of words for spoilage, each with a specific nuance. Comparing these will help you choose the right word for the right situation.

Fâsed (فاسد): This is the Arabic-rooted equivalent. While it can mean 'rotten food,' it is much more common in legal, moral, and chemical contexts. A 'corrupt politician' is 'fâsed,' not 'gandideh.' Spoiled canned food is often labeled 'fâsed.'
Kharâb (خراب): The most general word. It means broken, ruined, or spoiled. If your milk is sour, it's 'kharâb.' If your phone doesn't turn on, it's 'kharâb.' Use this when you aren't sure if the level of 'rot' justifies the word 'gandideh.'
Pusideh (پوسیده): Used for teeth, wood, cloth, and bones. It describes decay that results in crumbling or fragility rather than a stinking, wet mess. A 'rotten log' in the forest is 'pusideh.'
Kapak-zadeh (کپک‌زده): Specifically means 'moldy.' If you see green fuzz on your bread or jam, it is 'kapak-zadeh.' Something can be moldy without being 'gandideh' (stinking/rotten) yet.

تفاوت: گوشت گندیده بو می‌دهد، اما نان کپک‌زده لزوماً بو نمی‌دهد. (Difference: Rotten meat stinks, but moldy bread doesn't necessarily stink.)

In summary, choose 'gandideh' when there is a foul smell and biological liquefaction involved. Choose 'fâsed' for formal/moral corruption, 'pusideh' for dry/structural decay, and 'kharâb' for general spoilage. By having these alternatives ready, your Persian will sound much more precise and native-like. For example, if you are at a restaurant and the meat tastes off, saying 'In gushthâ fâsed shodeh and' (This meat has become spoiled/corrupt) sounds like a formal complaint, while 'In gushthâ gandideh and' sounds like a visceral reaction to the smell. Both are useful, but they carry different emotional weights.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The word is related to the English word 'stink' only in spirit; they don't share a direct root, but 'gand' is one of the most visceral words in Persian to describe sensory disgust.

발음 가이드

UK /ɡæn.diː.de/

US /ɡæn.diː.de/

The stress is on the last syllable: gan-di-DEH.

라임이 맞는 단어

پوسیده (pusideh) رسیده (rasideh) شنیده (shenideh) دیده (dideh) کشیده (keshideh) بریده (borideh) خون‌چکیده (khun-chakideh) خمیده (khamideh)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing the final 'h' (it is silent).
Confusing the 'g' with a 'j' sound.
Making the 'i' too short.
Missing the Ezafe sound when followed by another word.
Over-stressing the first syllable.

난이도

독해 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts once the root 'gand' is known.

쓰기 4/5

Requires correct use of Ezafe and silent 'h'.

말하기 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward but requires the right 'disgust' intonation.

듣기 3/5

Common in markets and kitchen talk.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

خراب بو گوشت میوه بد

다음에 배울 것

فاسد پوسیده تعفن کپک مسموم

고급

استشمام مضمحل متعفن تجزیه باکتری

알아야 할 문법

Ezafe with silent 'h'

گندیده‌ی (Gandideh-ye)

Adjective Agreement

سیب‌های گندیده (Adjective stays singular)

Past Participle as Adjective

گندیده (from گندیدن)

Causative verbs

گنداندن (to make rotten)

Negative Imperatives

نخور (Don't eat)

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수준별 예문

این سیب گندیده است.

This apple is rotten.

Simple subject + adjective + verb 'to be'.

گوشت گندیده بو می‌دهد.

Rotten meat smells.

Adjective follows noun with Ezafe.

تخم‌مرغ گندیده نخور.

Don't eat the rotten egg.

Imperative negative 'nakhor'.

آن موز گندیده است.

That banana is rotten.

'An' means 'that'.

ماهی گندیده بد است.

Rotten fish is bad.

Simple descriptive sentence.

اینجا بوی گندیده می‌آید.

It smells rotten here.

'Bu-ye gandideh' = rotten smell.

غذا گندیده بود.

The food was rotten.

Past tense 'bud' (was).

سیب‌های گندیده را دور بریز.

Throw away the rotten apples.

Plural noun + Ezafe + adjective.

من در یخچال یک پرتقال گندیده پیدا کردم.

I found a rotten orange in the fridge.

Use of 'dar' (in) and 'peydâ kardam' (found).

آیا این گوشت گندیده است یا تازه؟

Is this meat rotten or fresh?

Question form using 'yâ' (or).

بوی تخم‌مرغ گندیده خیلی بد است.

The smell of rotten eggs is very bad.

Compound subject with Ezafe.

سبزی‌ها در گرما زود گندیده می‌شوند.

Vegetables get rotten quickly in the heat.

Passive-like construction with 'shodan'.

ما نباید میوه گندیده بخریم.

We should not buy rotten fruit.

Modal 'nabâyad' (should not).

او سیب‌های گندیده را به اسب داد.

He gave the rotten apples to the horse.

Indirect object with 'be'.

آشپزخانه بوی پیاز گندیده می‌دهد.

The kitchen smells like rotten onions.

'Bu dâdan' = to give off a smell.

چرا این ماهی گندیده است؟

Why is this fish rotten?

Interrogative 'cherâ' (why).

اگر گوشت را بیرون بگذاری، گندیده می‌شود.

If you leave the meat out, it will become rotten.

Conditional sentence using 'agar'.

او با دیدن میوه‌های گندیده، از خرید منصرف شد.

Seeing the rotten fruits, he decided not to buy anything.

Gerund-like use of 'didar' (seeing).

بوی گندیده از سطل زباله بلند شده بود.

A rotten smell was rising from the trash bin.

Past perfect 'boland shodeh bud'.

بسیاری از محصولات به دلیل حمل و نقل طولانی گندیده بودند.

Many products had rotted due to long transportation.

Cause and effect with 'be dalil-e'.

آیا می‌توانی بوی گندیده را حس کنی؟

Can you sense the rotten smell?

Modal 'mitavâni' (can you).

او از بوی گندیده لجن متنفر است.

He hates the rotten smell of sludge.

Verb 'motenafer budan' (to hate).

گوجه‌فرنگی‌های گندیده برای درست کردن رب مناسب نیستند.

Rotten tomatoes are not suitable for making tomato paste.

Adjective modifying the subject.

در انبار، مقدار زیادی گندم گندیده پیدا شد.

In the warehouse, a large amount of rotten wheat was found.

Passive voice 'peydâ shod'.

فساد اداری مانند یک میوه گندیده است که کل سبد را خراب می‌کند.

Administrative corruption is like a rotten fruit that ruins the whole basket.

Metaphorical usage with 'mânand-e' (like).

بوی گندیده سیاست‌های غلط او تمام کشور را فرا گرفته بود.

The rotten stench of his wrong policies had engulfed the whole country.

Figurative language.

نویسنده در کتابش از جامعه‌ای گندیده سخن می‌گوید.

The author speaks of a rotten society in his book.

Adjective describing an abstract noun.

این تخم‌مرغ‌ها آنقدر گندیده بودند که هیچ‌کس نمی‌توانست به آن‌ها نزدیک شود.

These eggs were so rotten that no one could get close to them.

Result clause with 'ânghadr... ke'.

آب راکد در برکه کم‌کم گندیده و بدبو می‌شود.

Stagnant water in the pond gradually becomes rotten and smelly.

Present tense describing a process.

او با لحنی تند، افکار گندیده آن‌ها را نقد کرد.

With a sharp tone, he criticized their rotten thoughts.

Abstract usage of 'gandideh'.

اگر ریشه‌های گیاه گندیده باشند، دیگر نمی‌توان آن را نجات داد.

If the roots of the plant are rotten, it can no longer be saved.

Subjunctive mood 'bâshand'.

بوی گندیده مردار از دور شنیده می‌شد.

The rotten smell of the carcass could be heard (sensed) from afar.

Note: 'shenideh shodan' is sometimes used for smells in literary Persian.

در متون کلاسیک، گاهی از واژه گندیده برای توصیف دنیای فانی استفاده شده است.

In classical texts, the word 'gandideh' is sometimes used to describe the mortal world.

Formal academic sentence.

فضای گندیده و مسموم اتاق، نشان از بی‌توجهی طولانی‌مدت داشت.

The rotten and toxic atmosphere of the room indicated long-term neglect.

Complex adjectives.

او با کالبدشکافی نظام سیاسی، بخش‌های گندیده آن را برملا کرد.

By dissecting the political system, he revealed its rotten parts.

Metaphorical and sophisticated vocabulary.

بوی گندیده تعصب، مانع از پیشرفت هر جامعه‌ای است.

The rotten stench of prejudice is an obstacle to the progress of any society.

Abstract noun modified by 'gandideh'.

میوه‌های گندیده تاریخ، همواره درس‌هایی برای آیندگان دارند.

The rotten fruits of history always have lessons for future generations.

Poetic usage.

او معتقد بود که هنر نباید در بند سنت‌های گندیده بماند.

He believed that art should not remain bound by rotten traditions.

Sophisticated social critique.

استشمام بوی گندیده از اعماق چاه، کارگران را فراری داد.

Inhaling the rotten smell from the depths of the well made the workers flee.

Use of 'esteshmâm' (inhaling/smelling).

لجن‌زار گندیده، زیستگاه جانورانی عجیب بود.

The rotten swampland was the habitat of strange animals.

Descriptive literary style.

تقابل میان طراوت هستی و گندیدگی نیستی، در اشعار او موج می‌زند.

The contrast between the freshness of existence and the rottenness of non-existence ripples through his poems.

Noun form 'gandidegi'.

واژه گندیده در این سیاق، نه یک صفت فیزیکی، بلکه یک بن‌مایه هستی‌شناختی است.

The word 'gandideh' in this context is not a physical adjective, but an ontological motif.

High-level linguistic analysis.

او با ظرافتی بی‌نظیر، بوی گندیده خیانت را در لابه‌لای دیالوگ‌ها گنجانده بود.

With unparalleled subtlety, he had embedded the rotten stench of betrayal within the dialogues.

Literary criticism.

ساختار گندیده بوروکراسی، مانع از هرگونه اصلاحات بنیادین می‌شد.

The rotten structure of the bureaucracy prevented any fundamental reforms.

Political science terminology.

در اسطوره‌شناسی، بوی گندیده اغلب با حضور نیروهای اهریمنی همراه است.

In mythology, a rotten smell is often associated with the presence of demonic forces.

Cultural/Mythological context.

استعاره 'مغز گندیده' برای توصیف روشنفکرانی به کار رفت که از واقعیت گسسته بودند.

The metaphor 'rotten brain' was used to describe intellectuals who were detached from reality.

Historical/Intellectual context.

تجزیه و تحلیل فرایند گندیدن، نیازمند درک دقیق آنزیم‌های دخیل است.

Analyzing the process of rotting requires a precise understanding of the enzymes involved.

Scientific register.

او بوی گندیده مرگ را در هر گوشه از آن شهر جنگ‌زده حس می‌کرد.

He felt the rotten smell of death in every corner of that war-torn city.

Evocative literary prose.

자주 쓰는 조합

گوشت گندیده

تخم‌مرغ گندیده

میوه گندیده

بوی گندیده

ماهی گندیده

افکار گندیده

سیاست گندیده

لجن گندیده

پیاز گندیده

دندان گندیده

자주 쓰는 구문

مثل تخم‌مرغ گندیده

— Used to describe something that smells like sulfur or is disgusting.

اینجا مثل تخم‌مرغ گندیده بو می‌دهد.

گندیده شدن

— The process of becoming rotten.

میوه‌ها در آفتاب گندیده شدند.

بوی گندیده گرفتن

— To start smelling rotten.

لباس‌های خیس بوی گندیده گرفتند.

جای گندیده

— A rotten spot on a fruit.

جای گندیده سیب را ببر.

مغز گندیده

— A person with old, useless, or corrupt ideas.

او یک مغز گندیده است.

آب گندیده

— Stagnant, rotten water.

آب گندیده برکه تیره بود.

گندیده و بدبو

— Rotten and smelly (double emphasis).

آشغال‌ها گندیده و بدبو بودند.

دندان گندیده

— Commonly used (though 'pusideh' is more correct) for bad teeth.

دندان گندیده‌اش را کشید.

گوشت گندیده انداختن

— To sell or give someone something worthless/bad.

او به من گوشت گندیده انداخت (Metaphorical).

از بوی گندیده مردن

— To be overwhelmed by a bad smell (exaggeration).

داشتم از بوی گندیده می‌مردم!

자주 혼동되는 단어

گندیده vs پوسیده

Use for wood/teeth, not stinky food.

گندیده vs خراب

Use for broken electronics or sour milk.

گندیده vs کپک‌زده

Use for moldy surfaces like bread.

관용어 및 표현

"گندش در آمدن"

— When a secret or a scandal becomes public knowledge.

بالاخره گند کارهای او در آمد.

Informal

"گند زدن"

— To completely ruin a situation or a task.

توی امتحان گند زدم.

Slang

"گند دماغ"

— Someone who is overly fastidious or constantly disgusted.

او خیلی گند دماغ است.

Informal

"بوی گندش دنیا را برداشته"

— The scandal is known by everyone; it's extremely obvious.

بوی گند دزدی‌هایش دنیا را برداشته.

Informal

"از گندیدگی نجات دادن"

— To save something from certain ruin.

او شرکت را از گندیدگی نجات داد.

Metaphorical

"تخم‌مرغ گندیده بودن"

— To be the 'bad apple' or the worst in a group.

او تخم‌مرغ گندیده کلاس ماست.

Informal

"گنداب"

— A cesspool or a very corrupt environment.

او در گنداب فساد غرق شده است.

Literary

"گندیدن از سر"

— Corruption starting from the leadership (from the proverb 'Fish rots from the head').

ماهی از سر می‌گندد.

Proverb

"بوی گندیده بلند شدن"

— When signs of corruption or failure start to appear.

بوی گندیده این قرارداد بلند شده است.

Journalistic

"گند و کثافت"

— Filth and stench; a total mess.

همه جا پر از گند و کثافت بود.

Informal

혼동하기 쉬운

گندیده vs رسیده

Sounds similar.

Rasideh means 'ripe' (good), Gandideh means 'rotten' (bad).

این هلو رسیده است (This peach is ripe).

گندیده vs بریده

Used for food spoilage.

Borideh is specifically for curdled milk/yogurt.

شیر بریده است.

گندیده vs ترشیده

Used for food spoilage.

Tarshideh means 'turned sour'.

ماست ترشیده است.

گندیده vs وا رفته

Describes texture change.

Vâ-rafteh means 'fallen apart' or 'mushy' but not necessarily rotten.

برنج وا رفته است.

گندیده vs سوخته

Describes bad food.

Sukhteh means 'burnt'.

غذا سوخته است.

문장 패턴

[Noun] + gandideh + ast.

In sib gandideh ast.

Man + [Noun] + gandideh + râ + [Verb].

Man sib-e gandideh râ dur andâkhtam.

Agar + [Noun] + [Verb], gandideh + mishavad.

Agar gusht birun bemânad, gandideh mishavad.

Bu-ye + [Noun] + ye + gandideh + [Verb].

Bu-ye mâhi-ye gandideh mi-âyad.

[Abstract Noun] + ye + gandideh + [Verb].

Siyâsat-e gandideh-ye u moshkel-sâz shod.

Gandidegi-ye + [Noun] + [Verb].

Gandidegi-ye in nezâm vâzeh ast.

In + [Noun] + be nazar + gandideh + mi-âyad.

In gusht be nazar gandideh mi-âyad.

Cherâ + in + [Noun] + gandideh + ast?

Cherâ in tokhm-e morgh gandideh ast?

어휘 가족

명사

گند (gand - stench)

گندیدگی (gandidegi - rottenness)

گنداب (gandâb - cesspool)

동사

گندیدن (gandidan - to rot)

گنداندن (gandândan - to cause to rot, rare)

گند زدن (gand zadan - to mess up)

형용사

گندیده (gandideh - rotten)

گند (gand - stinky, informal)

بدبو (badbu - smelly)

사용법

frequency

Common in daily life, especially regarding food and hygiene.

자주 하는 실수

Shir gandideh ast. → Shir kharâb shodeh ast.
Milk doesn't 'gandideh' in Persian; it 'kharâb' or 'borideh'.
Dandân-e gandideh. → Dandân-e pusideh.
Teeth decay (pusideh), they don't rot like meat (gandideh).
Miveh gandideh. → Miveh-ye gandideh.
Missing the Ezafe 'ye' sound between the noun and adjective.
Chub-e gandideh. → Chub-e pusideh.
Wood undergoes dry rot (pusideh), not stinky organic rot (gandideh).
Mashin-e gandideh. → Mashin-e kharâb.
A car is a machine; it can't rot biologically.

팁

Check the Ezafe

Don't forget the 'ye' sound when saying 'rotten apple': Sib-e gandideh.

Organic Only

Only use this for things that can actually rot (meat, fruit, eggs).

Warning Sign

If you see 'gandideh' on a sign in a market, stay away from that produce!

Root Power

Learning 'gand' helps you understand many Persian slang terms about failure.

Smell vs. Look

'Gandideh' almost always implies a bad smell, not just a bad look.

Spelling

Remember the 'gaf' (گ) at the start, not 'qâf' (ق).

Market Talk

Listen for this word at the end of the day in fruit markets.

Deep Meaning

Use it for 'rotten ideas' to sound more advanced in your Persian.

Gandideh vs Pusideh

Gandideh = Wet/Smelly. Pusideh = Dry/Crumbling.

Hospitality

Never use this word near food someone has cooked for you unless it's an emergency!

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'Gone-Dead'. If food has 'Gone Dead,' it is 'Gand-ideh.' It's dead, it's gone, and it stinks!

시각적 연상

Imagine a green, stinking egg with flies around it. That is the ultimate 'gandideh' image.

Word Web

Meat Smell Egg Fruit Decay Stagnant Water Corruption Stench

챌린지

Go to your kitchen, find something old, and say 'In gandideh ast' (even if it's just a little old) to practice the sound.

어원

Derived from the Middle Persian word 'gand', which means 'stinking' or 'foul smell'. It has roots in the Proto-Indo-European *gwhen- or related roots signifying strike or destroy, though the 'stench' meaning solidified in Old Iranian.

원래 의미: Stinking, foul-smelling, or putrid.

Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Western Iranian > Persian

문화적 맥락

Calling a person 'gandideh' is a severe insult, implying they are a putrid corpse or morally dead. Use with extreme caution.

English speakers use 'rotten' for both wood and food. In Persian, you MUST distinguish between 'gandideh' (food) and 'pusideh' (wood).

The Blind Owl (Sadegh Hedayat) uses themes of decay. Persian proverbs about fish rotting from the head. Modern Iranian protest songs using 'gand' to describe social states.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Grocery Shopping

این میوه گندیده است.
ببخشید، این‌ها گندیده‌اند؟
میوه‌های گندیده را عوض کنید.
من میوه گندیده نمی‌خواهم.

In the Kitchen

بوی گوشت گندیده می‌آید.
تخم‌مرغ را چک کن که گندیده نباشد.
این پیاز گندیده است، بیندازش دور.
غذا توی گرما گندیده شد.

Waste Management

سطل آشغال بوی گندیده می‌دهد.
آشغال‌های گندیده را بیرون ببر.
اینجا پر از چیزهای گندیده است.
بوی گندیده لجن.

Metaphorical/Social

افکار گندیده قدیمی.
سیاست‌های گندیده.
سیستم اداری گندیده.
جامعه گندیده.

Health/Safety

خوردن غذای گندیده خطرناک است.
علائم مسمومیت با غذای گندیده.
گوشت گندیده باکتری دارد.
از خرید تخم‌مرغ گندیده خودداری کنید.

대화 시작하기

"آیا تا به حال اشتباهی یک تخم‌مرغ گندیده را شکسته‌اید؟"

"چطور می‌توان تشخیص داد که گوشت گندیده است یا نه؟"

"در منطقه شما، با میوه‌های گندیده بازار چه کار می‌کنند؟"

"به نظر شما بوی گندیده بدتر است یا بوی دود؟"

"آیا عبارت 'افکار گندیده' در زبان شما هم وجود دارد؟"

일기 주제

خاطره‌ای از زمانی بنویسید که بوی گندیده‌ای را در جایی حس کردید و چه واکنشی داشتید.

توضیح دهید که چرا نگهداری درست غذا برای جلوگیری از گندیده شدن آن مهم است.

یک داستان کوتاه درباره یک میوه گندیده بنویسید که بقیه میوه‌ها را هم خراب کرد.

درباره تفاوت‌های 'گندیده' و 'پوسیده' در اشیای مختلف خانه بنویسید.

چگونه می‌توانیم از 'گندیده شدن' افکارمان در دنیای امروز جلوگیری کنیم؟

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

No, milk is usually 'kharâb' or 'borideh'. 'Gandideh' is for solid organic matter.

It is a normal, descriptive word, but using it for people is very rude.

'Gandideh' is literal and smelly; 'fâsed' is formal and can be moral.

The 'h' is silent. It ends with an 'eh' sound, like 'bet'.

Yes, the verb is 'gandidan' (گندیدن).

Usually, people say 'pusideh' for teeth, but in very casual talk, some say 'gandideh'.

Yes, 'gand' always implies something foul or a failure.

It's a common slang meaning 'to screw up' or 'to make a mess'.

Yes, 'bu-ye gandideh' is a very common phrase.

Yes, especially in modern poetry to describe a decaying society.

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