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پناه بردن

B1 verb #6,000 가장 일반적인 9분 분량

پناه بردن

panah bordan 상위 6,000

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 پناه بردن 30초 만에

설명 پناه بردن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of 'panāh bordan' as 'going to a safe place'. Imagine it is raining, and you run to a shop to stay dry. That is 'panāh bordan'. You only need to know that 'panāh' means shelter and 'bordan' is the action. You will mostly see this in very simple stories about animals or children. For example, 'The cat goes under the car because of the rain.' In Persian, we say 'The cat takes refuge under the car.' It is a useful word for basic safety needs. You should focus on the physical meaning first. Think of a house, a tree, or an umbrella as a 'panāh'. Even though it is a B1 word, understanding the idea of 'seeking safety' is very helpful early on.

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At the A2 level, you start to see 'panāh bordan' in more varied contexts. You might hear it in simple news clips or read it in elementary textbooks. You should learn that it is a compound verb. This means the 'bordan' part changes (I took refuge = bordam, you took refuge = bordi). You also learn the important word 'be' which means 'to'. You always take refuge 'to' a place. For example: 'We took refuge to the house.' (ما به خانه پناه بردیم). You can also start using it for simple emotional things, like 'seeking refuge in a friend' when you are sad. It is slightly more formal than just 'going' (raftan), but it is very common in Persian culture.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'panāh bordan' in both physical and metaphorical ways. You can talk about refugees (panāhandegān) seeking safety in other countries. You can also describe how people deal with stress, such as 'seeking refuge in music' or 'seeking refuge in work'. You should be comfortable with the present and past tenses. For example, 'He always seeks refuge in his room' (او همیشه به اتاقش پناه می‌برد). You should also understand the difference between 'panāh bordan' (to seek) and 'panāh dādan' (to give). This level is where you start to see the word in literature and more complex social discussions.

At the B2 level, you should understand the nuances of 'panāh bordan' in political and social discourse. You will encounter it in news reports about international asylum laws and human rights. You should also be able to use it in the subjunctive mood (e.g., 'It is necessary that they seek refuge'). You will see it used in more sophisticated literature to describe existential or deep emotional states. You should be able to distinguish it from synonyms like 'makhfi shodan' (to hide) or 'motavāri shodan' (to flee). At this level, you can also use it in formal writing to argue for the protection of certain groups or ideas, such as 'seeking refuge in the law'.

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At the C1 level, you will encounter 'panāh bordan' in classical Persian poetry and advanced philosophical texts. You will see how poets like Rumi use the concept of 'refuge' to describe the relationship between the soul and the Divine. You should understand the historical context of 'Bast' (asylum) in Iran and how it relates to this verb. Your usage should be precise, using the verb to convey subtle emotional or political meanings. You can also explore the etymology and how 'panāh' has evolved from Middle Persian. You should be able to handle complex grammatical structures involving this verb in both formal and archaic registers.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of 'panāh bordan'. You can use it to discuss complex legal definitions of asylum, historical precedents of sanctuary in the Persianate world, and deep mystical interpretations in Sufi literature. You can effortlessly switch between the casual, formal, and poetic registers of the word. You understand every idiom and collocation associated with it. You can analyze how the use of this verb in a political speech might evoke certain cultural memories of protection and hospitality. Your command of the verb allows you to use it as a tool for high-level rhetoric and nuanced storytelling, reflecting a deep immersion in the Persian language.

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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

پناه بردن 30초 만에

To seek shelter or refuge.
Used for both physical and emotional safety.
A compound verb: Panāh + Bordan.
Requires the preposition 'be' (to).

The Persian compound verb پناه بردن (panāh bordan) is a cornerstone of the Persian language, conveying the profound act of seeking safety, protection, or sanctuary. At its literal core, the word 'panāh' means 'refuge' or 'shelter', and 'bordan' means 'to carry' or 'to take'. Thus, the phrase literally translates to 'to take refuge'. However, its usage extends far beyond physical structures. In Persian culture, the concept of refuge is deeply embedded in history, poetry, and daily survival. Whether a person is running from a sudden downpour in the bustling streets of Tehran or a soul is seeking solace in the verses of Hafez during a personal crisis, 'panāh bordan' is the verb that captures that transition from vulnerability to safety.

Physical Refuge: This refers to seeking cover from physical elements like rain, heat, or danger. For example, 'Seeking shelter in a cave' (به غار پناه بردن).

مردم از ترس بمباران به زیرزمین‌ها پناه بردند.

'People sought refuge in basements out of fear of bombardment.'

Metaphorically, the verb is used to describe emotional or spiritual reliance. One might seek refuge in God (به خدا پناه بردن), which is a very common religious expression, or seek refuge in a hobby or habit to escape the stresses of modern life. It implies a sense of desperation or a need for a higher power or a more stable environment. In political contexts, it is the standard term for seeking asylum in another country. The nuance here is the movement from a state of 'being exposed' to 'being covered'.

Spiritual Refuge: Seeking protection from evil or temptation, often used in prayers like 'I seek refuge in God from the accursed Satan'.

او در تنهایی خود به موسیقی پناه می‌برد.

'In his loneliness, he seeks refuge in music.'

Historically, the concept of 'Bast' (asylum) in Persian culture allowed people to seek refuge in mosques, royal stables, or telegraph offices to avoid arrest or injustice. This historical practice has colored the modern understanding of 'panāh bordan' as not just a physical act, but a legal and social right to protection. When you use this word, you are invoking centuries of Persian tradition regarding hospitality and the sacred duty of the protector.

Political Asylum: The formal process of escaping one's country due to persecution and asking another state for safety.

بسیاری از پناهندگان به کشورهای همسایه پناه بردند.

'Many refugees took refuge in neighboring countries.'

Using پناه بردن correctly requires understanding its status as a compound verb. In Persian, compound verbs consist of a non-verbal element (the noun 'panāh') and a light verb ('bordan'). Most of the grammatical heavy lifting—conjugation, negation, and tense—happens with 'bordan'. The noun 'panāh' remains static. The most critical grammatical rule to remember is the use of the preposition به (be). You never just 'seek refuge'; you always seek refuge to a destination or a person.

Past Tense Construction: To say 'I sought refuge', you use the past stem of bordan (bord) + personal endings. Example: 'Man panāh bordam'.

ما از شدت گرما به سایه درخت پناه بردیم.

'We took refuge in the shade of the tree from the intense heat.'

In the present tense, you use the present stem of bordan (bar) with the prefix 'mi-'. So, 'I seek refuge' is 'Man panāh mi-bar-am'. This is used for habitual actions or actions happening now. For instance, if you are discussing someone's coping mechanism, you might say they 'seek refuge in books' whenever they are sad. The placement of the prepositional phrase usually comes between 'panāh' and 'bordan' in formal writing, or before 'panāh' in colloquial speech, though both are generally understood.

Imperative Mood: Used for commands or prayers. 'Be khodā panāh bebar' (Seek refuge in God).

باید به حقیقت پناه برد، نه به دروغ.

'One must seek refuge in truth, not in lies.'

When dealing with complex sentences, 'panāh bordan' can be followed by a 'tā' (so that) clause to explain the reason for seeking refuge. For example, 'He sought refuge in the library so that he could study in peace.' Here, 'panāh bordan' sets the stage for the purposeful action that follows. It is also common to see it in the subjunctive mood when expressing wishes or possibilities, such as 'I hope you seek refuge in a safe place'. The versatility of 'bordan' allows this phrase to adapt to any temporal or modal requirement of the Persian language.

The phrase پناه بردن is ubiquitous in Persian-speaking societies, appearing in diverse contexts from high literature to evening news broadcasts. In the news, you will frequently hear it in reports concerning international crises. Reporters often say, 'thousands of people have sought refuge across the borders' (هزاران نفر به مرزها پناه برده‌اند). It is the standard, formal way to describe the movement of displaced persons. If you are watching a Persian documentary about wildlife, the narrator might describe animals seeking refuge from predators or harsh climates using the same verb.

News & Media: Used for reporting on refugees, natural disasters, or political asylum cases.

او به سفارت پناه برد تا امنیت خود را حفظ کند.

'He took refuge in the embassy to maintain his safety.'

In literature and poetry—the heartbeat of Persian culture—'panāh bordan' takes on a more lyrical and existential tone. Poets like Rumi or Saadi often speak of seeking refuge in the 'Beloved' (God) to escape the trials of the material world. In modern Persian novels, characters might 'seek refuge' in nostalgia, in a particular memory, or in the silence of a desert. It is a word that carries significant emotional weight, suggesting that the world outside is chaotic and the place of refuge is a necessary sanctuary for the soul.

Religious Context: Common in daily prayers and religious sermons to express total reliance on divine protection.

در دعاها می‌گوییم: خدایا به تو پناه می‌برم.

'In prayers we say: O God, I seek refuge in You.'

Furthermore, in legal or historical discussions, you will encounter the term 'Panāhandegi' (refugee status/asylum), which is the noun form derived from this verb. If you are listening to a podcast about history, you might hear about kings who 'took refuge' in the courts of their rivals after losing a battle. The word is versatile because 'refuge' is a universal human need, and Persian uses this specific verb to cover every possible instance of that need, whether it's a bird seeking refuge in a nest or a philosopher seeking refuge in logic.

The most common mistake learners make with پناه بردن is confusing it with its counterpart, پناه دادن (panāh dādan). While they look similar, their meanings are opposite. 'Panāh bordan' is the act of seeking or taking refuge (the subject is the one in danger). 'Panāh dādan' is the act of giving or providing refuge (the subject is the one offering safety). Mixing these up can lead to confusing sentences where the protector becomes the protected.

Confusion with 'Panāh Dādan': 'Man be u panāh bordam' means I sought refuge with him. 'Man be u panāh dādam' means I gave him refuge.

اشتباه: من به گربه پناه بردم (Unless the cat is protecting you!).

'Mistake: I took refuge in the cat (Incorrect if you meant you saved the cat).'

Another frequent error involves the preposition. Many learners, influenced by English, might try to use 'barāye' (for) or 'dar' (in) instead of the correct به (be). In Persian, you 'carry refuge TO' a place. Saying 'Panāh bordan dar ghār' (Seeking refuge in a cave) is often understood but grammatically less precise than 'به غار پناه بردن'. The 'to' (be) emphasizes the movement toward the source of safety, which is a key element of the verb's meaning.

Tense Misuse: Learners sometimes forget that 'bordan' is an irregular verb. The present stem is 'bar', not 'bor'.

درست: او به کتاب‌ها پناه می‌برد. (Present continuous/habitual).

'Correct: He seeks refuge in books.'

Lastly, avoid using 'panāh bordan' for very trivial things where 'raftan' (to go) or 'estefāde kardan' (to use) would suffice. While you can seek refuge in an umbrella, it sounds a bit dramatic in Persian. It's better to say 'use an umbrella' (az chatr estefāde kardan) unless the rain is a torrential storm and the umbrella is your only hope for survival. Reserve 'panāh bordan' for situations that imply a genuine need for protection or escape from a significant problem.

While پناه بردن is the most common way to express seeking refuge, Persian offers several alternatives depending on the register and the specific type of safety being sought. For a more formal or literary tone, you might encounter ملجأ جستن (malja' jostan). 'Malja' is an Arabic-derived word for refuge, and 'jostan' means 'to seek'. This is often used in religious or high-brow philosophical texts. It carries a sense of searching for a ultimate sanctuary.

ملجأ جستن vs پناه بردن: 'Malja' jostan' is very formal and often spiritual. 'Panāh bordan' is versatile and used in daily speech.

او در ناامیدی به درگاه خدا ملجأ جست.

'In despair, he sought refuge at the threshold of God.'

Another related term is پناهنده شدن (panāhande shodan). This specifically means 'to become a refugee' or 'to seek political asylum'. While 'panāh bordan' describes the action, 'panāhande shodan' describes the change in status. If you are talking about the legal process of moving to Europe or Canada for safety, 'panāhande shodan' is the more precise term to use in a conversation about immigration.

متواری شدن (motavāri shodan): This means 'to become a fugitive' or 'to go into hiding'. It has a slightly more negative or secretive connotation than seeking refuge.

زندانی پس از فرار، به کوه‌ها متواری شد.

'The prisoner, after escaping, fled to the mountains.'

For physical hiding, you might use قایم شدن (ghāyem shodan) or مخفی شدن (makhfi shodan). These simply mean 'to hide' and don't necessarily imply that the place of hiding is a 'refuge' or 'sanctuary'. If you are playing hide-and-seek, you use 'ghāyem shodan'. If you are hiding from a storm, 'panāh bordan' is more appropriate because it suggests the storm is a threat and the shelter provides safety, not just concealment.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The word 'Panāh' is also a popular given name in some Persian-speaking regions, symbolizing that the person is a gift of protection or a sanctuary for their family.

발음 가이드

UK /pæˈnɑː bɔːrˈdæn/

US /pæˈnɑː bɔːrˈdæn/

The primary stress is on the second syllable of the first word (nāh) and the last syllable of the verb (dān).

라임이 맞는 단어

bordan (to carry) mordan (to die) khordan (to eat) āvardan (to bring) afshordan (to squeeze) sepordan (to entrust) shemordan (to count) āzordan (to annoy)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing 'panāh' as 'pan-ah' (short a). It should be 'pa-nāāāh'.
Failing to trill the 'r' in 'bordan'.
Merging the two words into one sound without a slight break.
Pronouncing the 'h' in 'panāh' too harshly like a 'kh'.
Mistaking the present stem 'bar' for the past stem 'bor'.

난이도

독해 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts, but requires understanding compound verb structures.

쓰기 4/5

Conjugating 'bordan' correctly in different tenses can be tricky for beginners.

말하기 3/5

Commonly used, but learners must remember the preposition 'be'.

듣기 3/5

Clear pronunciation usually, but can be confused with 'panāh dādan'.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

بردن (bordan) خانه (khāne) ترس (tars) به (be) امن (amn)

다음에 배울 것

پناهنده (panāhande) حمایت (hemāyat) نجات (nejāt) فرار (farār) جستجو (jostoju)

고급

ملجأ (malja') مأوا (ma'vā) استعاذه (este'ādhe) صیانت (siyānat) ملاذ (malādh)

알아야 할 문법

Compound Verb Conjugation

In 'panāh bordan', only 'bordan' changes: می-برم، بردم، خواهم برد.

Preposition 'be'

Always use 'be' (to) for the destination: به خانه پناه برد.

Preposition 'az'

Use 'az' (from) for the source of danger: از طوفان پناه برد.

Subjunctive with Modals

باید پناه ببریم (We must take refuge).

Word Order

The noun 'panāh' usually stays right before the verb 'bordan'.

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수준별 예문

گربه به زیر ماشین پناه برد.

The cat took refuge under the car.

Simple past tense of 'bordan'.

ما از باران به مغازه پناه بردیم.

We took refuge in the shop from the rain.

Use of 'az' (from) for the source of danger.

پرنده به لانه پناه برد.

The bird took refuge in the nest.

Subject-verb agreement.

به خانه پناه ببر!

Take refuge in the house!

Imperative form 'bebar'.

او به مادرش پناه برد.

He took refuge with his mother.

Refuge can be a person.

آنها به سایه پناه بردند.

They took refuge in the shade.

Plural past tense.

من به چتر پناه بردم.

I took refuge in the umbrella.

First person singular.

خرگوش به سوراخ پناه برد.

The rabbit took refuge in the hole.

Simple sentence structure.

وقتی هوا سرد شد، به داخل پناه بردیم.

When the weather got cold, we took refuge inside.

Subordinate clause with 'vaghti'.

او همیشه در مشکلات به کتاب پناه می‌برد.

He always seeks refuge in books during problems.

Present habitual tense 'mi-bar-ad'.

سربازان به قلعه پناه بردند.

The soldiers took refuge in the castle.

Historical context.

بچه‌ها از سگ به درخت پناه بردند.

The children took refuge in the tree from the dog.

Preposition 'az' (from).

ما باید به یک جای امن پناه ببریم.

We must take refuge in a safe place.

Modal verb 'bāyad' + subjunctive.

او به موسیقی پناه می‌برد تا آرام شود.

He seeks refuge in music to calm down.

Purpose clause 'tā'.

حیوانات جنگل به غار پناه بردند.

The forest animals took refuge in the cave.

Plural subject.

او به سایبان مغازه پناه برد.

He took refuge under the shop's awning.

Compound noun 'sāyebān-e maghāze'.

هزاران نفر به دلیل جنگ به کشورهای همسایه پناه بردند.

Thousands of people took refuge in neighboring countries due to war.

Cause indicated by 'be dalil-e'.

او در تنهایی به خاطرات خوش پناه می‌برد.

In loneliness, he seeks refuge in happy memories.

Metaphorical usage.

ما از ترس طوفان به زیرزمین پناه بردیم.

We took refuge in the basement out of fear of the storm.

Prepositional phrase 'az tars-e'.

او برای فرار از واقعیت به دنیای مجازی پناه برده است.

He has taken refuge in the virtual world to escape reality.

Present perfect tense 'pānah borde ast'.

کشتی در هنگام طوفان به بندر پناه برد.

The ship took refuge in the harbor during the storm.

Temporal phrase 'dar hengām-e'.

او به دین پناه برد تا معنای زندگی را بیابد.

He sought refuge in religion to find the meaning of life.

Abstract destination.

مردم به کوه‌ها پناه بردند تا از زلزله در امان باشند.

People took refuge in the mountains to be safe from the earthquake.

Idiom 'dar amān būdan' (to be safe).

او به سکوت پناه برد و چیزی نگفت.

He took refuge in silence and said nothing.

Silence as a refuge.

نویسنده در آثارش به تخیل پناه می‌برد تا از سانسور بگریزد.

The author seeks refuge in imagination in his works to escape censorship.

Professional context.

او به سفارت پناه برد و درخواست پناهندگی کرد.

He took refuge in the embassy and requested asylum.

Political/Legal context.

جامعه در زمان بحران به سنت‌های قدیمی پناه می‌برد.

During crises, society seeks refuge in old traditions.

Sociological usage.

او از فشار کاری به ورزش پناه برده است.

He has sought refuge in sports from work pressure.

Lifestyle context.

فیلسوف به منطق پناه برد تا شکاکیت خود را درمان کند.

The philosopher sought refuge in logic to cure his skepticism.

Intellectual usage.

آنها به غارها پناه بردند تا از تعقیب دشمن در امان بمانند.

They took refuge in caves to remain safe from enemy pursuit.

Passive-like safety expression.

او به الکل پناه برد، اما مشکلاتش حل نشد.

He took refuge in alcohol, but his problems weren't solved.

Negative coping mechanism.

ما به قانون پناه می‌بریم تا حق خود را بگیریم.

We seek refuge in the law to get our rights.

Legal metaphor.

عارف به خلوت پناه می‌برد تا با معبود راز و نیاز کند.

The mystic seeks refuge in solitude to commune with the Beloved.

Mystical/Classical register.

او در اشعارش به استعاره پناه می‌برد تا حقایق تلخ را بیان کند.

In his poems, he seeks refuge in metaphor to express bitter truths.

Literary analysis.

ملت به قهرمانان ملی خود پناه بردند تا امید را زنده نگه دارند.

The nation sought refuge in its national heroes to keep hope alive.

Collective psychological usage.

او به انزوا پناه برد تا از هیاهوی دنیای مدرن دور باشد.

He took refuge in isolation to be away from the clamor of the modern world.

Existential choice.

در متون کهن، پناه بردن به آستان ملوک امری رایج بود.

In ancient texts, seeking refuge at the threshold of kings was a common matter.

Historical/Archaic register.

او به فلسفه اگزیستانسیالیسم پناه برد تا با ترس از مرگ مقابله کند.

He sought refuge in existentialist philosophy to cope with the fear of death.

Academic context.

شاعر به آغوش طبیعت پناه برد تا الهام بگیرد.

The poet took refuge in the embrace of nature to gain inspiration.

Personification of nature.

او از بی‌عدالتی به تاریخ پناه برد.

He sought refuge in history from injustice.

Abstract temporal refuge.

روح خسته به نیایش پناه می‌برد تا در اقیانوس آرامش غرق شود.

The weary soul seeks refuge in prayer to drown in the ocean of tranquility.

High poetic register.

او به سفسطه پناه برد تا از پاسخگویی به پرسش‌های منطقی بگریزد.

He took refuge in sophistry to escape answering logical questions.

Intellectual critique.

در تلاطم حوادث، او به صبر پناه برد که والاترین پناهگاه است.

In the turbulence of events, he sought refuge in patience, which is the highest sanctuary.

Moral/Ethical context.

او به نوستالژی پناه می‌برد تا تلخی حال را با شیرینی گذشته بیامیزد.

He seeks refuge in nostalgia to mix the bitterness of the present with the sweetness of the past.

Psychological nuance.

اندیشمند به شک پناه برد تا از جزم‌اندیشی رها شود.

The thinker sought refuge in doubt to be freed from dogmatism.

Epistemological usage.

او به سایه‌روشن‌های خیال پناه برد تا از واقعیت عریان فرار کند.

He took refuge in the shadows of imagination to escape naked reality.

Advanced literary metaphor.

ملت‌های مظلوم به سازمان‌های بین‌المللی پناه می‌برند، هرچند گاه بیهوده.

Oppressed nations seek refuge in international organizations, though sometimes in vain.

Geopolitical critique.

او به کلمات پناه برد، چرا که تنها دارایی‌اش بودند.

He took refuge in words, for they were his only possession.

Existential literary theme.

자주 쓰는 조합

به خدا پناه بردن

به آغوش طبیعت پناه بردن

به کتاب پناه بردن

به غار پناه بردن

به سفارت پناه بردن

به سکوت پناه بردن

به دروغ پناه بردن

به سایه پناه بردن

به الکل پناه بردن

به قانون پناه بردن

자주 쓰는 구문

پناه بر خدا!

— God forbid! / Seek refuge in God! (Expression of shock).

پناه بر خدا! این چه حرفی است؟

پناه می‌برم به خدا

— I seek refuge in God (Standard prayer opening).

پناه می‌برم به خدا از شر شیطان.

بی‌پناه

— Homeless or without protection.

او مردی بی‌پناه است.

پناهگاه

— A shelter or sanctuary.

این ساختمان یک پناهگاه است.

پناهنده

— A refugee.

کمپ پناهندگان شلوغ بود.

امن‌ترین پناه

— The safest refuge.

خانه امن‌ترین پناه است.

پناه آوردن

— Similar to 'panāh bordan', but emphasizes arriving at the refuge.

او به ما پناه آورد.

در پناه حق

— Under God's protection (A way to say goodbye).

خداحافظ، در پناه حق باشی.

پناه جستن

— To look for refuge.

او در کوه پناه جست.

پناهگاه زیرزمینی

— Underground bunker/shelter.

آنها به پناهگاه زیرزمینی رفتند.

자주 혼동되는 단어

پناه بردن vs پناه دادن

This means 'to give refuge'. 'Panāh bordan' is 'to seek refuge'.

پناه بردن vs پناه گرفتن

Often used for physical cover (like from bullets or rain), whereas 'bordan' is broader.

پناه بردن vs پناهنده شدن

Specifically refers to the legal status of becoming a refugee.

관용어 및 표현

"به موش‌چاله پناه بردن"

— To hide in a tiny, insignificant place out of extreme fear.

از ترس به موش‌چاله پناه برد.

Informal

"به دامن کسی پناه بردن"

— To seek help or protection from someone influential.

او به دامن بزرگان پناه برد.

Literary

"پناه به دیوار شکسته بردن"

— To rely on something unreliable or unstable.

تکیه به او، پناه به دیوار شکسته بردن است.

Proverbial

"به سایه پناه بردن"

— To avoid the spotlight or stay safe by being unnoticed.

او همیشه به سایه پناه می‌برد.

Metaphorical

"به کلمات پناه بردن"

— To use talk as a defense mechanism.

وقتی کم می‌آورد به کلمات پناه می‌برد.

Neutral

"به آسمان پناه بردن"

— To look for divine intervention when earthly help fails.

چاره‌ای نداشت جز اینکه به آسمان پناه ببرد.

Literary

"به خواب پناه بردن"

— To sleep to avoid dealing with problems.

او از غصه به خواب پناه برد.

Neutral

"به تنهایی پناه بردن"

— To choose isolation as a means of safety.

او به تنهایی خود پناه برد.

Neutral

"به آغوش مرگ پناه بردن"

— To see death as a release or refuge (very dark).

او به آغوش مرگ پناه برد.

Literary

"به دامن کوه پناه بردن"

— To seek safety in the vastness of the mountains.

عشایر به دامن کوه پناه بردند.

Neutral

혼동하기 쉬운

پناه بردن vs پناه دادن

They share the word 'panāh'.

Bordan is seeking; Dādan is giving. One is the action of the person in danger, the other is the action of the helper.

من به او پناه دادم (I gave him refuge) vs من به او پناه بردم (I sought refuge with him).

پناه بردن vs مخفی شدن

Both involve going somewhere to be safe.

Makhfi shodan is just 'hiding' (neutral). Panāh bordan implies a 'refuge' or 'sanctuary' (emotional/safety weight).

او در کمد مخفی شد (He hid in the closet).

پناه بردن vs گریختن

Both involve escaping danger.

Gerikhtan is the act of 'running away'. Panāh bordan is the act of 'finding a destination' for safety.

او از زندان گریخت (He escaped from prison).

پناه بردن vs متواری شدن

Often used in news about people running away.

Motavāri shodan has a fugitive connotation (running from law). Panāh bordan is more about seeking safety.

متهم متواری شد (The suspect fled).

پناه بردن vs بست نشستن

Both mean seeking sanctuary.

Bast neshastan is a specific historical/religious tradition in Iran involving physical locations like shrines.

او در مسجد بست نشست.

문장 패턴

[Subject] be [Place] panāh bord.

او به خانه پناه برد.

[Subject] az [Danger] be [Place] panāh bord.

ما از باران به مغازه پناه بردیم.

[Subject] dar [Situation] be [Abstract] panāh mi-bar-ad.

او در تنهایی به موسیقی پناه می‌برد.

[Subject] be [Place] panāh mibarad tā [Result].

او به سفارت پناه می‌برد تا امن باشد.

Bāyad be [Concept] panāh bord.

باید به حقیقت پناه برد.

[Subject] be [Metaphor] panāh borda ast.

او به سایه‌روشن‌های خیال پناه برده است.

Panāh bar khodā!

پناه بر خدا! چه اتفاقی افتاد؟

Be [Person] panāh bebar.

به پدرت پناه ببر.

어휘 가족

명사

پناه (panāh) - refuge

پناهگاه (panāhgāh) - shelter

پناهنده (panāhande) - refugee

پناهندگی (panāhandegi) - asylum status

동사

پناه دادن (panāh dādan) - to give refuge

پناه گرفتن (panāh gereftan) - to take cover/shelter

형용사

بی‌پناه (bi-panāh) - defenseless/homeless

پناهنده (panāhande) - refugee (can act as adj)

사용법

frequency

Common in literature, news, and religious speech.

자주 하는 실수

من در غار پناه بردم. → من به غار پناه بردم.
Persian uses 'be' (to) rather than 'dar' (in) for the destination of refuge.
او به من پناه داد. → او به من پناه برد. (If he sought refuge with me)
Learners often swap 'bordan' and 'dādan'. 'Bordan' is seeking, 'dādan' is giving.
من پناه می‌بردم به موسیقی. → من به موسیقی پناه می‌بردم.
While the first is understood, the prepositional phrase usually precedes the verb in standard Persian.
آنها پناه بردن به کوه. → آنها به کوه پناه بردند.
Forgetting to conjugate the verb according to the subject (plural 'and').
من از باران پناه بردم. → من از باران (به جایی) پناه بردم.
You usually need to specify where you took refuge, or the sentence feels incomplete.

팁

Conjugate the 'Bordan'

Always remember that in compound verbs like this, only the second part (the verb) changes. 'Panāh' stays the same whether you say 'I took refuge' or 'They will take refuge'.

The 'Be' Rule

In English we say 'refuge IN', but in Persian we say 'refuge TO'. Always use 'be' before your sanctuary. 'Be khāne panāh bordam'.

Refugee Connection

Connect 'panāh bordan' with 'panāhande' (refugee). If you know one, you effectively know the other. They both center on the idea of needing safety.

Spiritual Use

Iranians often use 'Panāh bar khodā' as an exclamation of shock or fear. It literally means 'Refuge to God!', similar to 'God help us!'

News Keywords

When listening to Persian news, 'panāh' is a keyword for humanitarian stories. It will help you identify the topic quickly even if you don't know every word.

Metaphorical Flair

Don't just use it for buildings. Use it for 'music', 'poetry', or 'solitude' to make your Persian writing sound more natural and sophisticated.

Soft 'H'

The 'h' at the end of 'panāh' is audible but soft. Don't drop it completely, but don't make it sound like you're clearing your throat.

The 'Pan' Mnemonic

Remember the 'Pan' over your head for 'Ah' (relief). It's a silly but effective way to never forget the word for refuge.

Avoid Triviality

Don't use 'panāh bordan' for just going to the store to buy milk. It implies a 'need' for safety or an escape from something unpleasant.

Middle Persian Roots

Knowing that 'panāh' is an ancient word helps you realize its importance. It has survived for over a thousand years in the language.

암기하기

기억법

Think of a 'Pan' (cooking pan). If it starts raining, you put a 'Pan' on your head for 'Ah' (relief). Pan-Ah. Then you 'Bordan' (carry) that relief to a safe place.

시각적 연상

Imagine a large umbrella (panāh) being carried (bordan) over a small kitten in a storm.

Word Web

Safety Refugee God Shelter Escape Protection Sanctuary Asylum

챌린지

Try to write three sentences: one about a physical refuge, one about a person you trust, and one about a hobby you use to relax. Use 'panāh bordan' in all three.

어원

Derived from Middle Persian 'panāh', which also meant refuge or protection. The word has ancient Indo-European roots related to covering or guarding.

원래 의미: To be under a covering or to be guarded by something.

Indo-Iranian / Indo-European

문화적 맥락

Be careful when using it in political contexts, as 'panāhande' (refugee) can be a sensitive term for some people.

The English concept of 'seeking asylum' is the closest legal equivalent, but 'panāh bordan' is used much more broadly in daily life.

The Quranic phrase 'A'udhu billah' (I seek refuge in God) is translated as 'Be khodā panāh mibar-am'. Classical poems by Saadi often mention seeking refuge in the shadow of a just king. Modern Persian songs often use 'panāh' to describe a lover's arms.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Weather

پناه بردن از باران
پناه بردن به سایه
پناه بردن از سرما
پناه بردن به داخل

Politics

پناه بردن به سفارت
درخواست پناهندگی
پناه بردن به کشور دیگر
حق پناه بردن

Psychology

پناه بردن به تنهایی
پناه بردن به رویا
پناه بردن به کار زیاد
پناه بردن به گذشته

Religion

پناه بردن به خدا
پناه بردن به دعا
پناه بردن به حرم
پناه بردن به معنویت

Nature

پناه بردن به غار
پناه بردن به لانه
پناه بردن به کوه
پناه بردن به جنگل

대화 시작하기

"شما وقتی ناراحت هستید به چه چیزی پناه می‌برید؟"

"آیا تا به حال مجبور شده‌اید از باران به جایی پناه ببرید؟"

"فکر می‌کنید چرا مردم به دنیای مجازی پناه می‌برند؟"

"در تاریخ ایران، مردم به کجاها پناه می‌بردند؟"

"امن‌ترین پناه برای شما کجاست؟"

일기 주제

درباره زمانی بنویسید که به آغوش خانواده پناه بردید.

آیا کتاب‌ها می‌توانند پناهگاه خوبی باشند؟ چرا؟

تفاوت پناه بردن فیزیکی و پناه بردن روحی را شرح دهید.

اگر پناهنده‌ای را ببینید، چگونه به او کمک می‌کنید؟

چرا انسان‌ها در سختی‌ها به دعا پناه می‌برند؟

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

No, it can be used for animals (like a bird seeking refuge in a nest) or even metaphorically for things like a ship seeking refuge in a harbor. It is very versatile across all living things.

They are very similar. 'Panāh gereftan' is often used for immediate physical protection, like 'taking cover' during a storm. 'Panāh bordan' is slightly broader and can include long-term or emotional refuge.

Yes, you can say 'Man be doustam panāh bordam' (I sought refuge with my friend), meaning you went to them for emotional support or a safe place to stay.

The word is 'panāhande'. It comes from the same root 'panāh'. A group of refugees is 'panāhandegān'.

The Persian translation of many Quranic verses uses 'panāh bordan' to translate the Arabic word 'istia'dha' (seeking refuge in God).

You use 'khāham' + the short infinitive: 'Man panāh khāham bord' (I will take refuge).

It is neutral to formal. It's used in everyday speech but also in the highest levels of literature and news.

Always use 'be' (to) for the place of refuge and 'az' (from) for the danger you are escaping.

Yes, it is very common to 'seek refuge in silence', 'seek refuge in work', or 'seek refuge in the truth'.

The most direct opposite in terms of action is 'panāh dādan' (to give refuge). In terms of state, it is 'bi-panāh māndan' (to remain without refuge).

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