A1 Collocation 중립

olla vaikea

to be difficult

Phrase in 30 Seconds

Use 'olla vaikea' to describe tasks, subjects, or situations that require significant effort or are not easy to complete.

  • Means: To be difficult or hard to accomplish/understand.
  • Used in: School, work, and describing personal challenges or complex tasks.
  • Don't confuse: Use 'vaikea' for mental difficulty, 'kova' for physical hardness.
🧠 + ⏳ + 😰 = olla vaikea

Explanation at your level:

In A1, 'olla vaikea' is used to say something is not easy. You use it with 'on' (is). For example: 'Suomi on vaikea kieli' (Finnish is a difficult language). It is a basic building block for expressing your feelings about tasks and learning.
At the A2 level, you start using the partitive form 'vaikeaa' when talking about doing things. 'On vaikeaa puhua suomea' (It is hard to speak Finnish). You also learn to add 'minulle' (for me) to show who finds it hard.
In B1, you use 'vaikea' to describe complex situations and people. You can use variations like 'hankala' (tricky) or 'monimutkainen' (complex). You understand the difference between 'vaikea' (mental) and 'kova' (physical). You can also use it in the past tense and conditional.
At B2, you use 'vaikea' in more nuanced ways, such as 'osoittautua vaikeaksi' (to prove difficult). You can discuss abstract social issues or professional challenges using this phrase. You are comfortable with the partitive/nominative distinction in all sentence types.
C1 learners use 'vaikea' within sophisticated rhetorical structures. You might use it to critique a person's character or a complex philosophical argument. You understand the subtle register shifts between 'vaikea', 'haastava', and 'työläs' in academic or professional writing.
At C2, you have near-native mastery of the cognitive linguistics behind 'vaikea'. You can use it idiomatically in literature or high-level debate, recognizing its etymological weight and its role in the Finnish 'sisu' narrative. You can manipulate the phrase for irony or emphasis effortlessly.

뜻

Hard to accomplish.

🌍

문화적 배경

Finns value 'sisu', which means continuing even when things are 'vaikea'. Admitting difficulty is not seen as a failure. In schools, students are encouraged to identify 'vaikeita asioita' (difficult things) to focus their studies. It's a pragmatic approach. In Finnish offices, 'vaikea' is often replaced by 'haastava' (challenging) to sound more professional and proactive. Calling someone 'vaikea ihminen' is a significant criticism in Finland, implying they are blocking progress or harmony.

💡

The Partitive Rule

If you start a sentence with 'On...' (It is...), always use 'vaikeaa'.

⚠️

Don't call people 'kova'

Calling someone 'kova' means they are tough or cool, while 'vaikea' means they are annoying/stubborn.

뜻

Hard to accomplish.

💡

The Partitive Rule

If you start a sentence with 'On...' (It is...), always use 'vaikeaa'.

⚠️

Don't call people 'kova'

Calling someone 'kova' means they are tough or cool, while 'vaikea' means they are annoying/stubborn.

🎯

Use 'haastava' at work

In a Finnish CV or interview, use 'haastava' to show a positive attitude toward difficulty.

셀프 테스트

Choose the correct form of the adjective.

Suomen kieli on ______.

✓ 정답! ✗ 아쉬워요. 정답: vaikea

When 'Suomen kieli' (the Finnish language) is the subject, we use the nominative 'vaikea'.

Fill in the missing word (partitive form).

On ______ puhua suomea.

✓ 정답! ✗ 아쉬워요. 정답: vaikeaa

Because 'puhua' (to speak) is an action, the adjective must be in the partitive form.

Match the sentence to the situation.

1. Älä ole niin vaikea! 2. Tämä kivi on kova. 3. Matematiikka on vaikeaa.

✓ 정답! ✗ 아쉬워요. 정답: 1-B, 2-A, 3-C

Vaikea describes people/tasks; kova describes physical objects.

Complete the dialogue.

A: Onko tämä peli vaikea? B: Ei, se on ______.

✓ 정답! ✗ 아쉬워요. 정답: helppo

'Helppo' (easy) is the opposite of 'vaikea'.

🎉 점수: /4

시각 학습 자료

Vaikea vs. Kova

Vaikea (Difficult)
Kieli Language
Tehtävä Task
Kova (Hard)
Kivi Stone
Leipä Bread

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Use 'vaikea' for specific nouns (Tämä kirja on vaikea). Use 'vaikeaa' for actions or abstract things (On vaikeaa uida).

No, use 'kova'. 'Vaikea sänky' would mean the bed is being difficult to deal with!

Yes, it's neutral. It's not rude to say something is difficult.

The opposite is 'helppo' (easy).

You say 'se muuttuu vaikeaksi'.

No, use 'painava' for weight.

They are close, but 'hankala' often implies 'awkward' or 'inconvenient'.

Vaikea lapsi.

Yes, it becomes 'vaikeita' or 'vaikeat'.

Yes, that is very common for a difficult game.

관련 표현

🔄

olla hankala

synonym

to be tricky/awkward

🔗

olla helppo

contrast

to be easy

🔗

vaikeusaste

builds on

degree of difficulty

🔗

vaikeuttaa

builds on

to make difficult

🔗

olla työläs

similar

to be laborious

어디서 쓸까?

🏫

At School

Opiskelija: Tämä kielioppi on todella vaikeaa.

Opettaja: Niin on, mutta sinä opit kyllä!

neutral
💼

Job Interview

Haastattelija: Mikä on ollut vaikein hetki urallasi?

Hakija: Se oli silloin, kun projekti oli hyvin vaikea.

formal
💻

Tech Support

Asiakas: Tätä sovellusta on vaikea käyttää.

Tuki: Ymmärrän, voinko auttaa?

neutral
❤️

Dating

Matti: Miksi sinä olet niin vaikea tänään?

Liisa: Olen vain väsynyt, anteeksi.

informal
🍳

In the Kitchen

Kalle: Onko tätä reseptiä vaikea tehdä?

Maija: Ei, se on itse asiassa aika helppo.

neutral
🚗

Driving

Kuski: Täällä on vaikea ajaa, koska on pimeää.

Matkustaja: Aja varovasti!

neutral

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of a 'Viking' (Vai-) trying to carry a 'Key' (-kea) that is too heavy. It's 'vaikea'!

Visual Association

Imagine a person standing at the bottom of a very steep, icy hill in Finland. They look up and sigh, 'Tämä on vaikeaa.'

Rhyme

Vaikea on paikka, jos puuttuu sisu ja saikka (Tea).

Story

Pekka wants to learn Finnish. He opens a book and sees 15 cases. He says 'Tämä on vaikeaa.' He drinks coffee, tries again, and says 'Tämä on vielä vaikeaa.' But after a year, he says 'Tämä ei ole enää vaikeaa.'

Word Web

vaikeusvaikeastivaikeuttaahankalahelppomonimutkainensisuhaaste

챌린지

Try to identify three things today that are 'vaikea' and say them out loud in Finnish.

In Other Languages

Spanish high

ser difícil

Spanish doesn't have the partitive case requirement for abstract subjects.

French high

être difficile

French uses 'dur' more often for physical hardness, similar to the Finnish vaikea/kova split.

German moderate

schwer sein

German uses one word for weight and difficulty; Finnish splits them.

Japanese high

muzukashii (難しい)

Japanese often omits the subject, whereas Finnish usually includes 'on' (is).

Arabic high

sa'ab (صعب)

Arabic adjectives change based on the gender of the noun.

Chinese high

nán (难)

Chinese doesn't use a verb like 'to be' (shi) with adjectives in this way.

Korean high

eoryeopda (어렵다)

Korean has complex politeness levels that change the ending of the word.

Portuguese high

ser difícil

Portuguese uses 'difícil' for both tasks and personality traits.

Easily Confused

olla vaikea 대 olla kova

Both can translate to 'hard' in English.

Use 'kova' for things you can touch (rocks, bread) and 'vaikea' for things you think about.

olla vaikea 대 olla painava

Both relate to 'heavy' burdens.

Use 'painava' for kilograms/weight and 'vaikea' for effort/complexity.

자주 묻는 질문 (10)

Use 'vaikea' for specific nouns (Tämä kirja on vaikea). Use 'vaikeaa' for actions or abstract things (On vaikeaa uida).

No, use 'kova'. 'Vaikea sänky' would mean the bed is being difficult to deal with!

Yes, it's neutral. It's not rude to say something is difficult.

The opposite is 'helppo' (easy).

You say 'se muuttuu vaikeaksi'.

No, use 'painava' for weight.

They are close, but 'hankala' often implies 'awkward' or 'inconvenient'.

Vaikea lapsi.

Yes, it becomes 'vaikeita' or 'vaikeat'.

Yes, that is very common for a difficult game.

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