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B1 noun 8분 분량

pyhä

예시 노트와 팁 pyhä 30초 만에
설명 pyhä in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should learn 'pyhä' primarily as a word for Sunday or a holiday. You will see it in store opening hours (e.g., 'arkisin 8-21, la 8-18, su/pyhä 10-18'). At this stage, don't worry about complex philosophy; just remember that if a day is 'pyhä', it is a special day where things might be closed or different. You might also encounter it in the word 'pyhäkoulu' (Sunday school) or simply as a way to describe a very beautiful, quiet place in nature. Focus on the sentence 'Tänään on pyhä' (Today is a holiday) and the connection to 'sunnuntai'.
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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'pyhä' in compound words and simple descriptions. You should be able to say 'pyhäpäivä' instead of just 'pyhä'. You will learn that 'pyhä' can describe objects, like 'pyhä kirja' (a holy book). You also start to encounter the essive case form 'pyhänä', which means 'on the holiday'. For example: 'Mitä teette pyhänä?' (What are you doing on the holiday?). You might also learn 'pyhäpuku' when talking about clothes for a party or church. The word starts to move beyond just 'Sunday' into 'something special and formal'.
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At the B1 level, you understand the nuances of 'pyhä' as both 'sacred' and 'pertaining to holidays'. you can use it to describe feelings and abstract concepts, like 'pyhä rauha' (sacred peace). You are familiar with work-related terms like 'pyhätyö' and 'pyhäkorvaus'. You can distinguish between 'pyhä' (the day) and 'pyhimys' (the person/saint). You also recognize 'pyhä' in Finnish geography, understanding that a place named 'Pyhäjärvi' likely had historical or spiritual significance. You can use the word metaphorically, such as saying a tradition is 'pyhä' to a family.
At the B2 level, you can use 'pyhä' in more complex idiomatic expressions and formal contexts. You understand the difference between 'pyhä' and 'sakraali' (sacral). You can discuss the cultural shift in Finland from a religious 'pyhä' to a more secular 'vapaapäivä' (day off). You are comfortable using the word in its various cases and understand its role in Finnish history (e.g., sacred groves). You might use it to express strong opinions, like 'Minulle oma aika on pyhä' (To me, my own time is sacred/inviolable). You also understand the legal implications of 'arkipyhä' (a holiday that falls on a weekday).
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At the C1 level, you appreciate the deep etymological roots of 'pyhä' and its relation to concepts of 'separation' and 'boundaries'. You can use the word in literary or theological discussions. You understand subtle shades of meaning in phrases like 'pyhä viha' (righteous/sacred indignation). You can analyze how 'pyhä' is used in Finnish folklore and how it contrasts with the 'profane'. Your vocabulary includes related rare words like 'pyhittää' (to sanctify/consecrate) and 'pyhitys'. You can navigate complex legal texts regarding 'pyhäpäivälaki' (the law on public holidays).
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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of 'pyhä' in all its archaic, poetic, and modern forms. You can discuss the semiotics of 'the sacred' in Finnish culture. You are familiar with how the word has evolved from Proto-Finnic origins and its cognates in other Finno-Ugric languages. You can use the word with irony or deep solemnity. You understand the nuances of using 'pyhä' in high-style prose versus its pragmatic use in labor union negotiations. You can flawlessly switch between the noun and adjective forms in the most complex sentence structures, including those involving numerous modifiers and nested clauses.
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예시 노트와 팁

pyhä 30초 만에

  • Pyhä means holy, sacred, or a holiday/Sunday.
  • It is used as both an adjective and a noun in Finnish.
  • In work life, it refers to holidays and extra pay (pyhälisä).
  • It has deep roots in Finnish nature and ancient traditions.

The Finnish word pyhä is a multifaceted term that serves as both a noun and an adjective, carrying deep cultural, religious, and temporal significance. At its core, it translates to 'holy' or 'sacred', but its usage in everyday Finnish life extends far beyond the confines of a church or temple. To understand pyhä, one must understand the Finnish concept of separation—between the mundane and the extraordinary, between the work week and the day of rest, and between the human world and the spiritual realm.

Religious Sanctity
In a theological context, pyhä describes anything belonging to or associated with the divine. It is used to describe the Holy Spirit (Pyhä Henki), saints (pyhimys), and the Bible (Pyhä Raamattu). It implies a state of being set apart for a higher purpose, untouched by the impurities of the common world.

Kirkko on pyhä paikka, jossa tulee käyttäytyä kunnioittavasti.

Translation: The church is a sacred place where one should behave respectfully.
Temporal Meaning
In modern secular Finland, pyhä is most frequently encountered in the context of time. It refers to Sundays and public holidays. When a Finn speaks of 'pyhä', they are often referring to the period when shops might have shorter hours, and people are entitled to higher pay (pyhäkorvaus). This usage stems from the Christian tradition of the Sabbath, but it has become a standard legal and social term for non-working days.

Ensi torstai on pyhä, joten toimisto on kiinni.

Nature and Tradition
Historically, Finns associated certain natural sites with the word pyhä. Ancient sacred groves, specific trees, or lakes (like Pyhäjärvi) were considered inhabited by spirits or deserving of special veneration. This reflects a pre-Christian worldview where the boundary between the natural and supernatural was thin.

Whether you are discussing a religious icon, planning your weekend shifts, or describing a breathtaking natural vista, 'pyhä' provides the linguistic bridge between the earthly and the sublime. It is a word that demands a certain level of gravitas, even when used in the mundane context of payroll or retail hours.

Using pyhä correctly requires understanding its grammatical flexibility as both an adjective and a noun. In its adjective form, it follows standard Finnish declension rules, matching the case and number of the noun it modifies. As a noun, it typically refers to a holiday or Sunday.

As an Adjective
When modifying a noun, pyhä describes the quality of being sacred. For example, 'pyhä toimitus' (sacred ceremony). Note how it changes in different cases: 'pyhässä kirjassa' (in the holy book), 'pyhää vettä' (holy water - partitive).

He vaeltavat pyhälle vuorelle.

Translation: They are trekking to the sacred mountain.
As a Substantive (Noun)
When used as a noun, it often appears in the plural 'pyhät' to refer to a series of holidays (like the Christmas season) or in the singular to mean Sunday. In the expression 'arkena ja pyhänä', it means 'on weekdays and holidays'.

Kauppa on auki myös pyhinä.

Translation: The shop is also open during holidays/Sundays.

In compound words, pyhä- acts as a prefix that adds the meaning of 'holiday' or 'sacred' to the following word. Examples include 'pyhäpuku' (Sunday best/formal clothes) and 'pyhäpäivä' (holiday/holy day). Understanding these compounds is essential for B1 learners as they appear frequently in both formal and informal contexts.

The word pyhä echoes through various layers of Finnish society, from the silent aisles of a library to the bustling environment of a modern office. Its presence is a reminder of how tradition and modern logistics intertwine.

In the Workplace
You will hear this word most often when discussing schedules. Terms like 'pyhätyö' (working on a holiday/Sunday) and 'pyhäkorvaus' (double pay for holiday work) are vital for any employee in Finland. If a colleague says, 'Olen töissä koko pyhän', they mean they are working throughout the holiday or Sunday.

Sain hyvät pyhälisät viime kuussa.

Translation: I got good holiday bonuses last month.
In Geography and Tourism
Finland is dotted with places named 'Pyhä'. Pyhätunturi is a famous fell and national park in Lapland. Pyhäjärvi is a name shared by dozens of lakes. In these contexts, the word evokes the ancient respect for nature. When visiting these places, you might hear guides speak of 'pyhä paikka' in reference to Sami sacrificial sites or ancient rock paintings.

Lähdemme Pyhätunturille hiihtämään.

Finally, in cultural discussions or literature, 'pyhä' is used to describe values that are considered inviolable. A Finn might describe 'itsemääräämisoikeus' (the right to self-determination) as a 'pyhä asia'. Here, the word transcends its religious roots to become a synonym for something that must be protected at all costs.

While pyhä is a relatively short word, its dual nature as both an adjective and a noun can lead to confusion for English speakers. The primary challenges lie in declension and distinguishing it from related concepts like 'sunnuntai' or 'loma'.

Confusing Pyhä and Loma
A common mistake is using 'pyhä' when you mean 'loma' (vacation). While 'pyhä' is a specific holiday on the calendar (like Christmas Day), 'loma' refers to your personal time off from work. You can have a 'loma' during the 'pyhät', but they are not interchangeable.

Väärin: Minulla on kaksi viikkoa pyhää. (Incorrect)
Oikein: Minulla on kaksi viikkoa lomaa.

The 'Sunday' Overlap
Learners often hesitate between 'sunnuntai' and 'pyhä'. While every 'sunnuntai' is a 'pyhä' (in terms of pay and store hours), not every 'pyhä' is a 'sunnuntai' (e.g., Midsummer Day or Good Friday). Use 'sunnuntai' for the specific day of the week and 'pyhä' when focusing on the 'holiday' status of that day.

Hän ei halua rikkoa pyhää rauhaa.

Translation: He doesn't want to break the sacred peace.

Another error involves the word 'pyhimys' (saint). Beginners sometimes use 'pyhä' as a noun to mean 'a saint' (e.g., 'Hän on pyhä'). While 'pyhä' can be used as a title (Pyhä Nikolaus), the person themselves is a 'pyhimys'. Using 'pyhä' alone as a noun for a person sounds archaic or overly poetic.

To enrich your Finnish, it is helpful to know words that orbit the same semantic field as pyhä. Depending on whether you mean 'sacred', 'religious', or 'a day off', different words might be more precise.

Pyhä vs. Siunattu
'Siunattu' means 'blessed'. While 'pyhä' is an inherent quality of the divine, 'siunattu' often implies an action—something that has been bestowed with grace or a blessing. A 'pyhä paikka' is sacred by nature; a 'siunattu hetki' is a moment that felt blessed or fortunate.
Pyhä vs. Sakraali
'Sakraali' is a more academic or formal loanword meaning 'sacral'. It is used in contexts like 'sakraalitaide' (sacred/religious art) or 'sakraaliarkkitehtuuri'. It lacks the everyday 'holiday' meaning of 'pyhä'.

Tämä on harras tilaisuus.

Translation: This is a solemn/devout occasion.
Pyhä vs. Juhlallinen
'Juhlallinen' means 'solemn', 'festive', or 'ceremonial'. While a 'pyhä' event is usually 'juhlallinen', you can have a 'juhlallinen' opening of a shopping mall, which is certainly not 'pyhä'. 'Juhlallinen' refers to the atmosphere and protocol, while 'pyhä' refers to the spiritual or traditional status.

In the context of time, 'vapaapäivä' (day off) is the secular alternative to 'pyhä'. While 'pyhä' is a day everyone has off by law/tradition, 'vapaapäivä' is simply any day you aren't working. If you work on a Saturday and have Tuesday off, Tuesday is your 'vapaapäivä', but it is not a 'pyhä'.

재미있는 사실

In ancient times, 'pyhä' didn't just mean 'good' or 'holy' in the modern sense; it meant a place that was dangerous or powerful because it belonged to the spirits, and therefore people had to follow strict rules there.

발음 가이드

UK /ˈpyhæ/
US /ˈpyhæ/
Primary stress is always on the first syllable.
라임이 맞는 단어
yhdessä (partial) tyhjä ryhä nyhä kyhä myhä syhä lyhä
자주 하는 실수
  • Pronouncing 'y' as 'i' (pihä).
  • Pronouncing 'ä' as 'a' (pyha).
  • Making the 'h' silent.
  • Stressing the second syllable.
  • Lengthening the vowel 'y' too much (pyyhä).
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수준별 예문

1

Sunnuntai on pyhä.

Sunday is a holiday/holy day.

Pyhä acts as a predicate adjective here.

2

Tänään on pyhäpäivä.

Today is a holiday.

Compound word: pyhä + päivä.

3

Kirkko on pyhä talo.

The church is a holy house.

Adjective modifying 'talo'.

4

Onko huomenna pyhä?

Is tomorrow a holiday?

Interrogative sentence.

5

Meillä on pyhäkoulu.

We have Sunday school.

Compound word: pyhä + koulu.

6

Tämä on pyhä paikka.

This is a sacred place.

Demonstrative pronoun 'tämä' + 'pyhä'.

7

Kauppa on kiinni pyhänä.

The shop is closed on the holiday.

Essive case 'pyhänä' indicates time.

8

Hyvää pyhää!

Have a good holiday/Sunday!

Partitive case used for wishes.

1

Hän pukeutuu pyhäpukuun.

He is dressing in his Sunday best.

Illative case of the compound 'pyhäpuku'.

2

Raamattu on pyhä kirja.

The Bible is a holy book.

Simple adjective-noun pair.

3

Lapset leikkivät pyhänä ulkona.

The children play outside on the holiday.

Essive case for time.

4

Onko teillä pyhätyötä?

Do you have holiday work?

Partitive case for the object of 'onko'.

5

Tämä järvi on pyhä.

This lake is sacred.

Predicate adjective.

6

Pyhä Nikolaus on tunnettu.

Saint Nicholas is well-known.

Used as a title.

7

En tee töitä pyhäisin.

I don't work on holidays/Sundays (habitually).

Adverbial plural 'pyhäisin' indicates frequency.

8

Mennään pyhänä mummolaan.

Let's go to grandma's on the holiday.

Passive form used as first-person plural imperative.

1

Sain tuplapalkkaa pyhätyöstä.

I got double pay for holiday work.

Elative case 'pyhätyöstä'.

2

Luonnon rauha on minulle pyhä asia.

The peace of nature is a sacred thing to me.

Metaphorical use of 'pyhä'.

3

Hän ei halua rikkoa pyhää hiljaisuutta.

He doesn't want to break the sacred silence.

Partitive object 'pyhää hiljaisuutta'.

4

Pyhätunturi on suosittu matkakohde.

Pyhätunturi is a popular travel destination.

Proper noun compound.

5

Monet pitävät perinteitä pyhinä.

Many consider traditions sacred.

Plural essive 'pyhinä' used as an object complement.

6

Papit hoitavat pyhiä toimituksia.

Priests handle sacred ceremonies.

Plural partitive 'pyhiä toimituksia'.

7

Se on pyhä lehmä, jota ei saa arvostella.

It's a sacred cow that must not be criticized.

Idiomatic expression.

8

Vietämme pyhät maalla.

We are spending the holidays in the countryside.

Plural accusative 'pyhät' referring to a holiday period.

1

Laki suojelee pyhäpäivien rauhaa.

The law protects the peace of holidays.

Genitive plural 'pyhäpäivien'.

2

Hän koki pyhän hetken tunturilla.

He experienced a sacred moment on the fell.

Accusative object 'pyhän hetken'.

3

Arkipyhät voivat sekoittaa aikataulut.

Weekday holidays can mess up schedules.

Compound 'arkipyhät' (weekday + holiday).

4

Muinaiset suomalaiset palvoivat pyhiä puita.

Ancient Finns worshipped sacred trees.

Plural partitive.

5

Sopimus on meille pyhä ja muuttamaton.

The agreement is sacred and unchangeable to us.

Formal/Legal use.

6

Hän puhui pyhällä vakaumuksella.

He spoke with sacred conviction.

Adessive case 'pyhällä vakaumuksella'.

7

Pyhän Hengen rooli on keskeinen.

The role of the Holy Spirit is central.

Genitive 'Pyhän Hengen'.

8

Kauppojen aukiolo pyhinä on vapautunut.

The opening of shops on holidays has been liberalized.

Plural essive 'pyhinä'.

1

Teos heijastaa sakraalin ja profaanin välistä jännitettä.

The work reflects the tension between the sacred and the profane.

Genitive forms used as nouns.

2

Hänessä heräsi pyhä viha vääryyttä kohtaan.

A sacred/righteous anger awoke in him towards injustice.

Idiomatic 'pyhä viha'.

3

Paikan pyhyys teki häneen syvän vaikutuksen.

The sanctity of the place made a deep impression on him.

Noun 'pyhyys' derived from 'pyhä'.

4

Onko mikään enää pyhää nykymaailmassa?

Is anything sacred anymore in the modern world?

Partitive 'pyhää' in an existential question.

5

Hän pyhitti elämänsä tieteelle.

He dedicated/sanctified his life to science.

Verb 'pyhittää'.

6

Tämä on pyhäinjäännös keskiajalta.

This is a relic (sacred remains) from the Middle Ages.

Compound 'pyhäinjäännös'.

7

Kirjailija purkaa pyhiä myyttejä.

The author deconstructs sacred myths.

Plural partitive.

8

Pyhäinpäivänä muistamme edesmenneitä.

On All Saints' Day, we remember the deceased.

Specific holiday name.

1

Kielenhuolto oli hänelle suorastaan pyhä kutsumus.

Language cultivation was for him a downright sacred calling.

Intense rhetorical use.

2

Hän ei kaihtanut pyhimpienkään arvojen kyseenalaistamista.

He did not shy away from questioning even the most sacred values.

Superlative genitive plural 'pyhimpienkään'.

3

Pyhän ja arjen dikotomia on murenemassa.

The dichotomy between the sacred and the everyday is crumbling.

Abstract philosophical terminology.

4

Rituaali pyhittää tilan ja ajan.

The ritual sanctifies the space and time.

Transitive verb usage.

5

Hän vaali pyhää perintöään huolella.

He cherished his sacred heritage with care.

Poetic possessive structure.

6

Kansalliskirjasto on tiedon pyhäkkö.

The National Library is a sanctuary of knowledge.

Noun 'pyhäkkö' (sanctuary/shrine).

7

Tämä on loukkaus pyhintä uskoamme kohtaan.

This is an insult to our most sacred faith.

Superlative partitive 'pyhintä'.

8

Hän eli pyhyydessä ja yksinäisyydessä.

He lived in sanctity and solitude.

Abstract nouns in inessive case.

자주 쓰는 조합

pyhä toimitus
pyhä lehmä
pyhä rauha
pyhä maa
pyhä viha
pyhä puku
pyhä yö
pyhä henki
pyhä vesi
arkena ja pyhänä

자주 쓰는 구문

Pyhä yksinkertaisuus!

— An exclamation used when someone is being naive or when a solution is surprisingly simple.

Pyhä yksinkertaisuus, enpä tullut ajatelleeksi tuota!

Ei ole mitään pyhää.

— Used to complain that someone has no respect for anything.

Varkailla ei ole nykyään mitään pyhää.

Pyhä jysäys!

— A mild exclamation of surprise, like 'Holy smoke!' or 'Great Scott!'

Pyhä jysäys, mikä pamaus se oli!

Rikkoa pyhä lupaus

— To break a very serious or solemn promise.

Hän rikkoi pyhän lupauksensa.

Pyhät ajat

— Refers to the holiday season, especially Christmas.

Oletteko kotona pyhät ajat?

Pyhä toimitus

— A sacred rite or ceremony, often used for church sacraments.

Häät ovat pyhä toimitus.

Pyhä sota

— A holy war, used historically or metaphorically.

Hän käy pyhää sotaa sokeria vastaan.

Pyhä allianssi

— A holy alliance, often used in historical political contexts.

He muodostivat pyhän allianssin.

Pyhä paikka

— A place that is sacred or very special.

Sauna on monelle suomalaiselle pyhä paikka.

Pyhä kolminaisuus

— The Holy Trinity.

Isä, Poika ja Pyhä Henki muodostavat pyhän kolminaisuuden.

관용어 및 표현

"Pyhä lehmä"

— Something that is considered immune to criticism or change, often unfairly.

Ilmainen kahvi on tämän työpaikan pyhä lehmä.

neutral
"Ei ole kirkossa kuulutettu"

— Literally 'not announced in church'; means something is not yet certain or official.

Pelin voitto ei ole vielä kirkossa kuulutettu.

informal
"Pyhä viha"

— Righteous indignation; anger that is felt to be morally justified.

Hän tunsi pyhää vihaa kiusaajia kohtaan.

literary
"Pyhä yksinkertaisuus"

— Used to describe someone's extreme naivety (often ironic).

Voi pyhä yksinkertaisuus, uskotko sinä todella tuohon?

neutral
"Pyhä jysäys"

— An old-fashioned exclamation of surprise.

Pyhä jysäys, oletpa sinä kasvanut!

child-friendly/old-fashioned
"Tehdä pyhää"

— To keep a day holy or to observe a holiday (archaic/dialectal).

Sunnuntaina pitää tehdä pyhää.

archaic
"Pyhä toimitus"

— Often used sarcastically for something someone does with over-the-top seriousness.

Hänelle aamukahvin juonti on pyhä toimitus.

informal/sarcastic
"Pyhästä hengestä"

— Living on 'holy spirit'; doing something without proper resources or food.

Ei tässä työssä pelkällä pyhällä hengellä elä.

informal
"Pyhät pyssyt"

— Another exclamation of surprise (rare).

Pyhät pyssyt, mitä täällä tapahtuu!

informal
"Pyhä kolminaisuus"

— Sometimes used for a set of three things that always go together.

Makkara, sinappi ja olut - suomalainen pyhä kolminaisuus.

informal/humorous

어휘 가족

명사

pyhyys
pyhäkkö
pyhimys
pyhäpäivä
pyhitys
pyhäinjäännös

동사

pyhittää
pyhistää

형용사

pyhä
pyhitetty
pyhimysmäinen

관련

pyhäkoulu
pyhäaatto
arkipyhä
pyhätyö
pyhäpuku
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기억법

Think of 'Pyhä' as 'Pure' and 'High'. It describes things that are 'Pure' (holy) and days when the sun is 'High' (Sunday/holiday relaxation).

시각적 연상

Imagine a quiet Finnish church in the middle of a snowy forest on a Sunday morning. This captures both the religious and natural/temporal meanings.

Word Web

sunnuntai kirkko loma palkka rauha luonto perinne usko

챌린지

Try to use the word 'pyhä' in three different ways today: once for a holiday, once for a beautiful place in nature, and once metaphorically for something important to you.

어원

The word 'pyhä' is of Proto-Finnic origin, with cognates in other Finno-Ugric languages like Estonian 'püha'. It is believed to be a very old loanword from early Germanic or Baltic sources, originally meaning 'separated' or 'marked off'.

원래 의미: Separated, restricted, or prohibited (taboo).

Uralic / Finno-Ugric

문화적 맥락

In Finland, 'pyhä' is deeply linked to the Lutheran work ethic and the right to rest. Sunday was historically the only day off, and 'pyhärauha' (the peace of the holiday) was legally protected. Even today, the 'pyhä' status of certain days is a topic of political debate regarding shop opening hours and workers' rights. Furthermore, the Finnish landscape is full of 'Pyhä' place names, reflecting a deep, ancient connection to the land that predates Christianity.

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