B1 · 중급 챕터 6

Common Irregular Verbs: Part 1

4 총 규칙
43 예문
6 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the power of the French subjunctive with the four most essential irregular verbs.

  • Master the conjugation of avoir, être, faire, and aller in the subjunctive.
  • Identify the specific triggers that necessitate the use of these irregular forms.
  • Express your personal wishes, doubts, and requirements with authentic Parisian flair.
Speak with soul, not just with facts.

배울 내용

Ready for a huge leap in your French journey? In this chapter, we're diving into the 'heart' of French sentences! I know you might be thinking, 'Irregular? That sounds hard!' But don't worry, we'll learn together how to use super important verbs like avoir (to have), être (to be), faire (to do/make), and aller (to go) in the 'subjunctive' tense. Why is this so crucial? Because life isn't just about dry facts! When you want to say, 'I hope you are well,' 'It's necessary that you go,' or 'I want you to do it,' you can't just use the regular indicative. This is where the subjonctif comes in! These verbs will help you express your feelings, wishes, needs, and even doubts in a very natural, French way. Imagine you're sitting at a cafe in Paris and you want to say, 'I hope the weather is good' or 'It's necessary for me to get my coffee.' By mastering aie, soit, fasse, and aille, you'll be able to say exactly these things and sound just like a true Parisian! By the end of this chapter, you won't just be reporting facts; you'll be able to share your inner world. This is a big step that transforms you from a simple tourist into someone who can truly speak with emotion. So, let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use the subjunctive forms of avoir, être, faire, and aller to express desires and necessities.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Welcome to a pivotal moment in your French grammar B1 journey! In this chapter, we're unlocking the power of the French subjunctive, specifically focusing on some of the most common and crucial French irregular verbs: *avoir* (to have), *être* (to be), *faire* (to do/make), and *aller* (to go). Mastering these verbs in the *subjonctif* mood is a significant step, transforming your ability to express a wider range of emotions, wishes, doubts, and necessities.
While irregular might sound daunting, think of it as embracing the unique personality of the French language.
The subjunctive isn't just a fancy grammatical rule; it's the heart of expressing your inner world. When you want to say
I hope you are well
(*J'espère que tu ailles bien*) or "It's necessary that you do it" (*Il faut que tu le fasses*), the regular indicative tense simply won't suffice. This French subjunctive mood allows for nuance, politeness, and genuine emotional connection in your conversations.
It’s an essential part of sounding natural and moving beyond basic factual statements. Get ready to add depth to your French!

How This Grammar Works

The subjunctive mood in French is primarily used after certain verbs, conjunctions, or expressions that convey emotion, doubt, desire, necessity, or subjective judgment. It's often introduced by the word que (that). For our B1 French level, we're concentrating on four foundational irregular verbs, as they appear frequently in everyday conversation.
First up is Avoir (to have). Its present subjunctive forms are:
* que j'aie (that I have)
* que tu aies (that you have)
* qu'il/elle/on ait (that he/she/one has)
* que nous ayons (that we have)
* que vous ayez (that you have)
* qu'ils/elles aient (that they have)
Example

*J'espère que tu aies une bonne journée.* (I hope that you have a good day.)

Next, we have Être (to be), often referred to as The Vibe Tense because it expresses states of being and feelings. Its irregular subjunctive forms are:
* que je sois (that I am)
* que tu sois (that you are)
* qu'il/elle/on soit (that he/she/one is)
* que nous soyons (that we are)
* que vous soyez (that you are)
* qu'ils/elles soient (that they are)
Example

*Il est important que nous soyons prêts.* (It is important that we are ready.)

Then there's Faire (to do/make), allowing you to express actions with style. Its present subjunctive is:
* que je fasse (that I do/make)
* que tu fasses (that you do/make)
* qu'il/elle/on fasse (that he/she/one does/makes)
* que nous fassions (that we do/make)
* que vous fassiez (that you do/make)
* qu'ils/elles fassent (that they do/make)
Example

*Je veux que tu fasses tes devoirs.* (I want that you do your homework.)

Finally, Aller (to go) also has highly irregular subjunctive forms:
* que j'aille (that I go)
* que tu ailles (that you go)
* qu'il/elle/on aille (that he/she/one goes)
* que nous allions (that we go)
* que vous alliez (that you go)
* qu'ils/elles aillent (that they go)
Example

*Il faut que j'aille à la banque.* (It is necessary that I go to the bank.)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: *J'espère qu'il va bien.*
✓ Correct: *J'espère qu'il aille bien.*
*Explanation:* After verbs expressing hope or desire like *espérer* (to hope), you generally need the subjunctive. *Va* is indicative, *aille* is subjunctive.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: *Il est essentiel que vous êtes là.*
✓ Correct: *Il est essentiel que vous soyez là.*
*Explanation:* Expressions of necessity or importance (like *il est essentiel que*) trigger the subjunctive. *Êtes* is indicative, *soyez* is the correct subjunctive form for *vous*.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: *Je doute que nous faisons une erreur.*
✓ Correct: *Je doute que nous fassions une erreur.*
*Explanation:* Verbs expressing doubt (*douter que*) require the subjunctive. *Faisons* is the indicative form for *nous*, while *fassions* is the subjunctive.

Real Conversations

A

A

*J'espère que tu ailles bien après ton voyage.* (I hope that you are well after your trip.)
B

B

*Oui, merci! Je suis content que nous soyons enfin ici.* (Yes, thank you! I'm happy that we are finally here.)
A

A

*Il faut que je fasse mes courses avant la fermeture.* (It is necessary that I do my shopping before closing.)
B

B

*D'accord. Je veux que tu aies assez de temps.* (Okay. I want you to have enough time.)
A

A

*Mon professeur exige que j'aille à toutes les conférences.* (My professor requires that I go to all the conferences.)
B

B

*C'est normal qu'il soit si strict.* (It's normal that he is so strict.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between using *que je vais* and *que j'aille* in French?

*Que je vais* uses the indicative mood, implying a statement of fact or certainty, which is generally incorrect after subjunctive triggers. *Que j'aille* uses the subjunctive mood, conveying desire, doubt, emotion, or necessity, which is required after specific triggering phrases.

Q

Are there any specific phrases that always trigger the use of these irregular subjunctive verbs?

Yes, many! Common triggers include expressions of necessity (*il faut que* - it is necessary that), desire (*je veux que* - I want that, *j'espère que* - I hope that), emotion (*je suis content que* - I am happy that), and doubt (*je doute que* - I doubt that).

Q

How can I remember the irregular subjunctive forms of *avoir* and *être* more easily?

For *avoir*, focus on the aie stem for most singular forms, and ayons/ayez for plural. For *être*, remember the sois stem for singular and soyons/soyez for plural. Practice them in full sentences, not just in isolation!

Cultural Context

The French subjunctive, especially with these common irregular verbs, is deeply woven into the fabric of everyday communication. It adds a layer of politeness, nuance, and emotional sincerity that is highly valued by native speakers. Using the correct subjunctive form, like *que vous ayez* or *qu'il soit*, shows not just grammatical accuracy but also a sensitivity to expressing wishes, recommendations, or concerns in a natural and respectful way.
It's how you move from merely stating facts to truly connecting with others on an emotional level.

주요 예문 (4)

1

Il faut que je fasse mes devoirs ce soir.

오늘 밤에 숙제를 해야 해요.

스타일 있게 하기: 'Faire'의 불규칙 접속법 (Fasse)
2

Je veux que tu fasses attention sur la route.

네가 길에서 조심하면 좋겠어.

스타일 있게 하기: 'Faire'의 불규칙 접속법 (Fasse)
3

Il faut que j'aille au travail maintenant.

지금 일하러 가야 해요.

프랑스어 접속법: 불규칙 동사 'Aller'(가다)
4

Je veux que tu ailles chercher {le|m} colis.

네가 택배를 찾으러 가면 좋겠어.

프랑스어 접속법: 불규칙 동사 'Aller'(가다)

팁과 요령 (4)

🎯

발음 꿀팁

대화할 때 aie, aies, ait, aient의 철자 때문에 고민하지 마세요. 모두 '애' 소리가 나거든요!
Je suis content que tu aies de bonnes notes.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 불규칙 동사: 접속법 Avoir (aie, ait, ayons)
💡

두유(Soy)를 기억하세요!

우리(nous)와 당신(vous) 형태에는 'y'가 들어가는 걸 잊지 마세요. 'Soy milk'를 떠올리면 soyons과 soyez가 바로 생각날 거예요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 기분과 소망의 표현: être (접속법 현재)
🎯

'Fass' 소리에 집중!

6개 형태 중 4개가 '파스' 소리가 나요. 이 어간만 알면 80%는 성공이에요! "Je suis content qu'ils fassent des efforts."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 스타일 있게 하기: 'Faire'의 불규칙 접속법 (Fasse)
🎯

철자 'i'가 핵심이에요!

nous allions와 vous alliez에서 'i'를 절대 빼먹지 마세요. 단순 현재형과 구분해주는 중요한 신호예요.
Il faut que nous allions vite.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 접속법: 불규칙 동사 'Aller'(가다)

핵심 어휘 (5)

Il faut que It is necessary that Espérer que To hope that Vouloir que To want that Bien que Although Douter que To doubt that

Real-World Preview

coffee

Cafe Conversation

Review Summary

  • que + je/tu/il aie/aies/ait
  • que + je/tu/il sois/sois/soit
  • que + je/tu/il fasse/fasses/fasse
  • que + je/tu/il aille/ailles/aille

자주 하는 실수

Learners often use the indicative 'ai' instead of the subjunctive 'aie' after 'il faut que'. Remember the subjunctive is required here.

Wrong: Il faut que j'ai du temps.
정답: Il faut que j'aie du temps.

You cannot use the indicative 'est' after a verb of desire like 'vouloir que'. Use the subjunctive 'soit'.

Wrong: Je veux qu'il est heureux.
정답: Je veux qu'il soit heureux.

Again, the indicative 'vas' is incorrect after the necessity trigger 'il faut que'. Use the irregular 'ailles'.

Wrong: Il faut que tu vas au cinéma.
정답: Il faut que tu ailles au cinéma.

Next Steps

You have done incredible work today! Keep practicing these forms, and they will soon become second nature.

Write a list of 5 things you want your friends to do this weekend using these verbs.

Continue to: Common Irregular Verbs: Part 2

빠른 연습 (10)

어떤 문장이 문법적으로 올바른가요?

Select the grammatically correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je veux que nous ayons du café.
'Je veux que' 뒤에는 접속법이 필요해요. 'nous'의 접속법 형태는 'ayons'입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 불규칙 동사: 접속법 Avoir (aie, ait, ayons)

avoir의 올바른 형태를 빈칸에 채워보세요.

Il faut que tu ___ ton pass Navigo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: aies
'Il faut que'는 접속법 트리거예요. 'tu'에 맞는 형태는 'aies'입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 불규칙 동사: 접속법 Avoir (aie, ait, ayons)

빈칸에 알맞은 'aller'의 접속법 형태를 채워보세요.

Il faut que tu ___ au supermarché.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ailles
'Il faut que' 뒤에는 접속법을 써야 해요. 'tu'에 맞는 형태는 'ailles'입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 접속법: 불규칙 동사 'Aller'(가다)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 고쳐보세요.

Je veux que j'aille à la fête, mais il faut que je vais au travail.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je veux que j'aille à la fête, mais il faut que j'aille au travail.
'veux que'와 'il faut que' 모두 접속법 'j'aille'를 사용해야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 접속법: 불규칙 동사 'Aller'(가다)

접속법이 올바르게 사용된 문장을 고르세요.

다음 중 맞는 옵션은?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il faut que nous allions au cinéma.
'aller'의 접속법 'nous' 형태는 'i'가 들어간 'allions'입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 접속법: 불규칙 동사 'Aller'(가다)

빈칸에 알맞은 'faire'의 접속법 형태를 채워보세요.

Il faut que tu ___ tes devoirs.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: fasses
'Il faut que' 다음에는 접속법을 써야 해요. 주어 'tu'에 맞는 형태는 'fasses'입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 스타일 있게 하기: 'Faire'의 불규칙 접속법 (Fasse)

접속법 'faire'를 올바르게 사용한 문장을 고르세요.

Choose the grammatically correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Je veux que nous fassions la fête.
'faire'의 접속법 'nous' 형태는 'i'가 들어간 'fassions'입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 스타일 있게 하기: 'Faire'의 불규칙 접속법 (Fasse)

틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요

Il est possible qu'il est malade.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il est possible qu'il soit malade.
'~일 수도 있다'는 가능성이나 의심은 접속법 'soit'이 필요해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 기분과 소망의 표현: être (접속법 현재)

틀린 부분을 찾아서 고쳐보세요.

Il est possible qu'il a son chargeur.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il est possible qu'il ait son chargeur.
'Il est possible que'는 의심/가능성을 나타내므로 접속법 'ait'를 써야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 프랑스어 불규칙 동사: 접속법 Avoir (aie, ait, ayons)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고쳐보세요.

Il est important que vous faites attention.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Il est important que vous fassiez attention.
'Il est important que'는 접속법을 유도해요. 'vous'에 맞는 형태는 'fassiez'입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 스타일 있게 하기: 'Faire'의 불규칙 접속법 (Fasse)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

사실을 말하는 게 아니라 감정, 필요성, 의심 같은 주관적인 마음의 필터를 거쳐 말하는 방식이에요. "Il faut que j'aie mon sac."처럼요.
프랑스어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 동사 중 하나라 옛날의 독특한 형태가 그대로 남았기 때문이에요.
Je veux que nous ayons du café.
다른 문장에 '종속되어' 붙어 있다는 뜻에서 왔어요. 혼자 쓰이기보다 주로 Je veux que... 처럼 앞 문장에 연결되어 쓰이기 때문이죠.
sois, soit과 똑같이 '스와'라고 발음해요. 끝에 붙은 'ent'는 일반 동사처럼 완전히 묵음이랍니다. "Qu'elles soient heureuses."
아니요, 'fait'은 사실을 말하는 직설법이고, 'fasse'는 바람이나 요구를 나타내는 접속법이에요. Il fait beau는 사실이지만, "Il faut qu'il fasse beau"는 바람이죠.
옛 라틴어 뿌리를 따르기 때문이에요. 몇 안 되는 불규칙 동사 중 하나지만, 어간 fass-가 일정해서 금방 익숙해질 거예요.
이전 챕터
Getting Started with the Subjunctive
다음 챕터
Common Irregular Verbs: Part 2
로드맵으로 돌아가기