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A2 adjective 12분 분량

avarié

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 avarié 30초 만에

설명 avarié in your Level:

At the A1 level, you just need to know that 'avarié' means 'spoiled' or 'bad' for food. You will mostly use it in very simple sentences with 'est' (is). For example: 'Le poisson est avarié' (The fish is bad). It is an important word for basic survival, like knowing when not to eat something you bought at the market. You should remember that if the word ends in 'e' (avariée), it is describing a feminine word like 'la viande' (meat) or 'la nourriture' (food). Don't worry about the technical shipping meanings yet. Just think: Avarié = Bad Food. It's a word that helps you stay healthy. You might see it on a sign in a shop if there is a problem. It's a bit more 'serious' than just saying 'pas bon' (not good). If you see 'avarié', do not eat it! Focus on the basic masculine/feminine forms.

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At the A2 level, you should be able to use 'avarié' in more complete sentences and understand the difference between 'avarié' and 'périmé'. 'Périmé' means the date on the box has passed, but 'avarié' means the food is actually rotting or dangerous. You should practice the plural forms: 'Les œufs sont avariés' (The eggs are spoiled). You might use this word when talking about shopping experiences or explaining why you returned something to a store. It is also useful for describing bad smells in a kitchen. At this level, you are starting to notice that French has specific words for different types of 'bad'. You use 'avarié' mostly for meat, fish, and milk. If you are describing a rotten apple, you might use 'pourrie', but 'avariée' is okay if you want to sound more formal. You should also be aware that it comes from 'avarie', which means damage.

At the B1 level, you can use 'avarié' to discuss topics like food waste, consumer rights, and health regulations. You should be comfortable with the agreement of the adjective in all forms (avarié, avariée, avariés, avariées). You will encounter this word in news articles about food safety scandals or environmental issues. You should also understand its relationship to the noun 'une avarie' (a technical breakdown or damage to cargo). For example, if you are reading about a ship that had a problem at sea, the 'marchandise' (merchandise) might be 'avariée'. You should be able to explain the consequences of consuming 'produits avariés', such as 'une intoxication alimentaire' (food poisoning). This level requires you to distinguish between synonyms like 'moisi' (moldy), 'rance' (rancid), and 'tourné' (turned/sour), using 'avarié' as the more general or formal term for spoiled animal products.

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At the B2 level, you should understand the nuances of 'avarié' in professional and legal contexts. It is not just about 'bad food' anymore; it is about 'damaged goods' in the world of commerce and insurance. You might read a contract that mentions 'indemnisation pour marchandises avariées' (compensation for damaged goods). You should also be able to use the word metaphorically, though it is rare, to describe something that has been corrupted or tainted by a bad environment. Your vocabulary should be precise enough to use 'avarié' when discussing logistics or health inspections, and 'pourri' when speaking colloquially or about organic decay in nature. You should also be familiar with the verb 'avarié' (rarely used) or 's'avarié' (to become spoiled), though the adjective is much more common. You can now handle complex sentence structures like 'Bien que l'emballage soit intact, le contenu s'est avarié durant le trajet.'

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At the C1 level, you are expected to appreciate the historical and etymological depth of 'avarié'. You understand its roots in maritime law and how the concept of 'average' (avarie) evolved from shared loss to the physical state of damage. You can use 'avarié' in sophisticated debates about the global food supply chain, industrial hygiene, or the ethics of selling near-spoiled goods to vulnerable populations. You should be able to identify the word in classical French literature, where it might describe the meager and spoiled rations of soldiers or sailors. Your usage should reflect an understanding of register; you know that 'avarié' carries a certain clinical or official weight that 'pourri' lacks. You can also recognize the word in figurative contexts where a situation or a relationship is described as 'avarié' by neglect or external 'damage', though this is a stylistic choice.

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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'avarié' and its related forms. You can navigate the most technical legal documents regarding 'avaries communes' (general average) and 'avaries particulières' (particular average) in maritime law without confusion. You understand the subtle play on words a writer might use, contrasting 'varié' (diverse) and 'avarié' (spoiled) to make a social critique. You use the word with perfect grammatical precision and native-like intuition for context. Whether you are writing a technical report on food safety standards, a legal brief on cargo damage, or a literary analysis of a scene set in a decaying urban environment, 'avarié' is used with its full range of connotations. You are also aware of regional variations or archaic uses that might appear in historical texts, and you can explain the evolution of the term from Arabic 'awār' to its modern French form.

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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

avarié 30초 만에

Avarié describes food that is spoiled and dangerous to eat, typically used for meat or fish.
It is a formal adjective that requires gender and number agreement with the noun it modifies.
The word also applies to commercial goods damaged during transport, especially in maritime contexts.
Learners must distinguish it from 'périmé' (expired) and 'pourri' (rotten/informal) to use it correctly.

The French adjective avarié primarily describes food that has gone bad, specifically items that are no longer fit for human consumption due to decay, mold, or chemical changes. While English speakers might use general terms like 'spoiled' or 'rotten', avarié carries a specific connotation of being 'damaged' or 'corrupted' by external factors or time. It is most commonly associated with perishable goods like meat, fish, and dairy. In a broader, more technical sense, it can also refer to goods that have been damaged during transport, particularly in maritime or commercial logistics. This stems from the noun une avarie, which means damage or a breakdown, especially regarding a ship or its cargo.

Technical Nuance: In professional kitchen settings or food safety inspections, 'avarié' is the standard term used to denote a health risk. It implies a state of decomposition that makes the food dangerous.

Ne mange pas ce saumon, il sent mauvais et semble avarié.

When you use this word, you are emphasizing the unfitness of the object. Unlike 'périmé', which simply means the 'best before' date has passed, avarié describes the physical state of the item. A product can be 'périmé' (expired) but still look and smell fine, whereas something 'avarié' is visibly or olfactorily compromised. This distinction is crucial for French learners to master, as using 'avarié' for a library book or a broken toy would be incorrect; it is strictly for organic matter or commercial cargo.

Maritime Origins: The word relates to 'average' in old maritime law, referring to the distribution of losses from damaged cargo among all stakeholders.

La cargaison de fruits est arrivée avariée après la tempête.

In everyday life, you will encounter this word in supermarkets when products are being recalled, or in news reports regarding health scandals. It is a serious word; calling someone's cooking 'avarié' is a significant insult to their hygiene standards. It is less about the taste being 'off' and more about the biological safety of the food. For instance, a wine that has turned to vinegar is 'piqué', not 'avarié'. A bread that is hard is 'rassis', not 'avarié'. But a piece of meat that has turned green is definitively 'avarié'.

Agreement Rules: Since it is an adjective, it must agree in gender and number: avarié (m.s.), avariée (f.s.), avariés (m.p.), avariées (f.p.).

Les crevettes avariées ont causé une intoxication alimentaire massive.

Le stock de lait est avarié à cause de la panne de courant.

Toute la marchandise était avariée par l'humidité de la cale.

Using avarié correctly requires paying close attention to the noun it modifies. In French, adjectives typically follow the noun, and 'avarié' is no exception. Because it relates to the state of a physical object, it is often used with the verb 'être' (to be) to describe the condition of something. For example, 'Cette viande est avariée' (This meat is spoiled). Note the extra 'e' at the end of 'avariée' because 'viande' is a feminine noun. If you were talking about multiple steaks (les steaks), you would say 'Les steaks sont avariés', adding an 's' for the masculine plural.

Sentence Structure: [Noun] + [Verb (être/paraître/sembler)] + [avarié(e)(s)]. This is the most common pattern for identifying bad products.

Il est dangereux de consommer des produits avariés.

You can also use 'avarié' as an attributive adjective directly after the noun, such as 'des œufs avariés' (spoiled eggs). This is common in shopping lists, inventories, or warnings. It is important to distinguish 'avarié' from 'pourri' (rotten). While they are often interchangeable, 'pourri' is more informal and can describe fruit or even people (metaphorically), whereas 'avarié' sounds more official and is preferred for animal products or commercial goods. If you are writing a formal complaint to a grocery store, 'avarié' is the word you want to use to sound serious and precise.

Common Pairs: 'Produits avariés', 'nourriture avariée', 'marchandise avariée', 'viande avariée'.

L'odeur de la viande avariée remplissait la cuisine.

Another context is the maritime or logistics sector. If a shipment arrives and the boxes are crushed or water-damaged, the inspector will mark the 'marchandise' as 'avariée'. Here, it doesn't necessarily mean the food is rotten, but that the goods are damaged. This dual meaning is important for professionals. For a student, focusing on the 'spoiled food' aspect is the priority. Remember that 'avarié' implies a change that has already happened; it is the result of a process of degradation.

Negative Sentences: 'Ce n'est pas avarié, c'est juste un peu vieux.' (It's not spoiled, it's just a bit old.)

J'ai jeté le fromage car il me semblait avarié.

Le rapport indique que des tonnes de poisson avarié ont été saisies.

Vérifiez toujours l'emballage pour ne pas acheter de nourriture avariée.

You are most likely to hear avarié in specific real-world scenarios involving health, safety, or logistics. In a French supermarket (supermarché), if there is a problem with the refrigeration system, you might hear an announcement or see a sign stating that certain products are 'avariés' and should not be purchased. It is the formal term used by store managers and health inspectors. If you watch the French news (le JT), and there is a story about a restaurant being shut down, the journalist will inevitably use the phrase 'viande avariée' or 'stock avarié' to describe the conditions found by the authorities.

Professional Settings: Chefs, butchers, and fishmongers use this word to maintain quality control. It's part of the professional lexicon of 'hygiène et sécurité'.

Le boucher a dû jeter tout le stock car il était avarié.

In a domestic setting, parents might warn their children: 'Ne touche pas à ça, c'est avarié !' (Don't touch that, it's spoiled!). While 'pourri' is common in casual speech, 'avarié' is used when there is a genuine concern about food poisoning (intoxication alimentaire). You will also find it in literature or legal documents concerning shipping. If a cargo ship has an accident, the legal term for the damage is 'avarie', and the adjective 'avarié' describes the goods. For instance, in a classic novel, a character might complain about the 'biscuits avariés' served on a long sea voyage.

News Headlines: 'Saisie de 500 kg de viande avariée dans un entrepôt clandestin.' (Seizure of 500kg of spoiled meat in a clandestine warehouse.)

Les passagers se sont plaints d'avoir reçu des repas avariés.

Another place you'll see it is on labels or in the fine print of insurance policies. If you are shipping something valuable, the policy will mention 'avaries' and 'marchandises avariées'. It is a precise term that avoids the ambiguity of just saying 'broken' or 'bad'. In the context of the environment, you might hear about 'oiseaux avariés' (though rare, referring to birds damaged by oil spills), but 'souillé' is more common there. Stick to the food and cargo context for the most natural usage of 'avarié'.

Everyday Warnings: 'Attention, le lait semble avarié, il y a des grumeaux.' (Careful, the milk looks spoiled, there are lumps.)

On a retrouvé des conserves avariées au fond du placard.

L'inspecteur sanitaire a déclaré que le poisson était avarié.

Il y avait une odeur de marchandise avariée dans le port.

One of the most frequent mistakes for English speakers is confusing avarié with the word 'varié'. In English, 'varied' means diverse or containing many different types. In French, 'varié' also means diverse. However, 'avarié' (with an 'a' at the beginning) means spoiled. This one-letter difference can lead to very awkward situations. Imagine trying to say you have a 'varied diet' (un régime varié) but accidentally saying you have a 'spoiled diet' (un régime avarié). Always double-check that leading 'a'!

Confusion with 'Périmé': Learners often use 'avarié' when they just mean the date has passed. If a yogurt expired yesterday but is still fresh, it is 'périmé', not 'avarié'. Use 'avarié' only if it's actually bad.

Erreur : Ce yaourt est avarié depuis hier (Correction : périmé).

Another common error is applying 'avarié' to non-organic items that are simply broken. If your phone screen is cracked, it is 'cassé' or 'endommagé', not 'avarié'. If your car has a mechanical failure, it has 'une panne', and while you might say it had 'une avarie' (the noun), you wouldn't typically call the car 'une voiture avariée' in casual conversation; you'd say 'en panne'. 'Avarié' is specifically for the state of the substance itself being corrupted, not just a mechanical or structural break.

Pronunciation Pitfall: Don't confuse the pronunciation with 'avarie' (the noun). The adjective ends in an 'é' sound (ay), whereas the noun ends in an 'i' sound (ee).

Faites attention à l'accord : des fruits avariés (masculin pluriel).

Misusing 'avarié' instead of 'pourri' is also common. While not strictly an 'error', using 'avarié' for a rotten apple in a casual setting sounds slightly too clinical or formal. It's like saying 'this fruit is in a state of decomposition' instead of 'this fruit is rotten'. Use 'pourri' for fruits, vegetables, and wood in everyday talk. Reserve 'avarié' for meat, fish, and commercial shipments to sound more like a native speaker who understands register.

The 'Rance' Distinction: For fats and oils (butter, oil), the specific word is 'rance' (rancid). While 'avarié' is technically possible, 'rance' is much more precise.

Ne dites pas que le beurre est avarié, dites qu'il est rance.

La viande avariée ne doit jamais être consommée, même cuite.

Le commerçant a été puni pour avoir vendu des produits avariés.

French has a rich vocabulary for things that have gone wrong. Understanding the alternatives to avarié will help you express yourself with more precision. The most common synonym is pourri (rotten). While 'avarié' is often used for meat and fish in a technical or formal sense, 'pourri' is the go-to word for fruits, vegetables, and wood. It can also be used figuratively for a 'rotten' person or a 'rotten' deal. Another common term is périmé (expired), which refers specifically to the date on the package. You can have a 'périmé' yogurt that is perfectly fine to eat, but you should never eat 'avarié' meat.

Avarié vs. Pourri: 'Avarié' is medical/technical/commercial. 'Pourri' is everyday/organic/figurative.

Cette pomme est pourrie, mais ce steak est avarié.

For specific types of food, there are even more precise words. Rance is used for butter or oil that has developed a sharp, unpleasant smell. Tourné is used for milk or wine that has 'turned' or gone sour. Moisi means moldy, used when you see actual green or white fuzz on bread or cheese. If something is just 'off' but not necessarily dangerous yet, you might say it is passé (past its prime). Knowing these nuances will prevent you from sounding like a textbook and more like a local.

Technical Alternatives: 'Endommagé' (damaged), 'détérioré' (deteriorated), 'altéré' (altered/tainted).

Le vin a tourné, il est imbuvable.

In the context of shipping and logistics, where 'avarié' means damaged goods, you might also hear défectueux (defective) for manufactured products, or abîmé (damaged/hurt) for something that has surface-level scratches or dents. If a package is 'avarié', it implies serious damage that might affect its core function or safety. For a learner, keeping 'avarié' in the 'food safety' box is the most efficient way to use it correctly without over-complicating your vocabulary in the early stages.

Register Differences: Formal: Avarié. Neutral: Pourri. Informal/Slang: Crevé (rarely for food, mostly for objects or people).

Le pain est moisi, ne le mange pas.

La cargaison a été déclarée avariée par l'expert.

Le beurre est devenu rance à cause de la chaleur.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The English word 'average' actually comes from the same maritime root as 'avarie'. It originally referred to the financial loss from damaged goods being shared 'on average' among the owners.

발음 가이드

UK /a.va.ʁje/

US /ɑ.vɑ.ɹjeɪ/

The stress is evenly distributed, with a slight emphasis on the final syllable 'rié'.

라임이 맞는 단어

marié salarié contrarié égaré préparé réparé séparé éploré

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing it like 'avarie' (the noun) without the final 'é' sound.
Confusing the 'v' with a 'b' sound (uncommon for English speakers).
Making the 'r' too hard or English-like.
Forgetting that the 'e' in 'avariée' is silent and doesn't change the pronunciation of the 'é'.
Confusing it with 'varié' (diverse).

난이도

독해 2/5

Easy to recognize in context of food or shipping.

쓰기 3/5

Must remember gender/number agreement and the leading 'a'.

말하기 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward but requires the 'é' sound.

듣기 3/5

Can be confused with 'avarie' or 'varié' if spoken quickly.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

viande poisson manger mauvais est

다음에 배울 것

périmé pourri intoxication hygiène frais

고급

avarie commune vice propre frelaté rance

알아야 할 문법

Adjective Agreement

Le steak (m) est avarié / La côtelette (f) est avariée.

Adjective Position

Un produit avarié (Usually after the noun).

Partitive Articles with Adjectives

Il y a de la viande avariée.

Verbs of Appearance

Cela semble / paraît / a l'air avarié.

Causative 'Rendre'

La chaleur a rendu le lait avarié.

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수준별 예문

Le lait est avarié.

The milk is spoiled.

Masculine singular agreement.

La viande est avariée.

The meat is spoiled.

Feminine singular agreement (add -e).

Ce poisson est avarié.

This fish is spoiled.

Demonstrative adjective 'ce' + masculine noun.

C'est avarié ?

Is it spoiled?

Simple question using 'c'est'.

Le fromage est avarié.

The cheese is spoiled.

Masculine singular.

Ne mange pas ça, c'est avarié.

Don't eat that, it's spoiled.

Imperative 'ne mange pas'.

Les œufs sont avariés.

The eggs are spoiled.

Masculine plural (add -s).

La nourriture est avariée.

The food is spoiled.

Feminine singular.

J'ai acheté du jambon avarié par erreur.

I bought spoiled ham by mistake.

Adjective follows the noun 'jambon'.

Le frigo est en panne, tout est avarié.

The fridge is broken, everything is spoiled.

Use of 'tout' as a neutral pronoun.

Est-ce que cette crème semble avariée ?

Does this cream seem spoiled?

Verb 'sembler' + feminine agreement.

Il y a une odeur de poisson avarié.

There is a smell of spoiled fish.

Noun phrase 'odeur de'.

Les crevettes étaient avariées.

The shrimp were spoiled.

Feminine plural 'crevettes'.

Je ne veux pas acheter de produits avariés.

I don't want to buy spoiled products.

Plural masculine agreement.

Le poulet est-il avarié ?

Is the chicken spoiled?

Inversion for question.

Cette viande avariée sent très mauvais.

This spoiled meat smells very bad.

Attributive adjective position.

L'intoxication est due à de la viande avariée.

The poisoning is due to spoiled meat.

Preposition 'à de la'.

Le magasin a été fermé pour vente de nourriture avariée.

The store was closed for selling spoiled food.

Passive voice 'a été fermé'.

Il faut jeter tout ce qui est avarié dans la cuisine.

We must throw away everything that is spoiled in the kitchen.

Relative clause 'ce qui est'.

La cargaison de fruits est arrivée avariée au port.

The fruit shipment arrived spoiled at the port.

Agreement with 'cargaison' (f.s.).

Certains commerçants vendent des stocks avariés.

Some merchants sell spoiled stock.

Indefinite adjective 'certains'.

Le saumon semble avarié, ne le servez pas.

The salmon seems spoiled, do not serve it.

Imperative 'ne le servez pas'.

On a découvert des tonnes de poisson avarié.

Tons of spoiled fish were discovered.

Use of 'on' for general discovery.

L'humidité a rendu la marchandise avariée.

The humidity made the merchandise spoiled.

Verb 'rendre' + adjective.

L'expert a constaté que la marchandise était avariée par l'eau de mer.

The expert noted that the goods were damaged by seawater.

Past tense 'était' for description.

Les pertes sont colossales car tout le stock est avarié.

The losses are colossal because the entire stock is spoiled.

Conjunction 'car' (because).

Elle a porté plainte après avoir mangé un produit avarié.

She filed a complaint after eating a spoiled product.

Infinitive past 'après avoir mangé'.

La loi interdit la distribution de denrées avariées.

The law prohibits the distribution of spoiled food items.

Formal term 'denrées'.

Le scandale des viandes avariées a fait la une des journaux.

The spoiled meat scandal made the front page of the newspapers.

Noun phrase with 'des'.

Il est impératif de détruire les produits avariés immédiatement.

It is imperative to destroy spoiled products immediately.

Impersonal 'il est impératif de'.

Le transporteur est responsable si la marchandise arrive avariée.

The carrier is responsible if the goods arrive damaged.

Conditional 'si' clause.

Le goût n'est pas le seul indicateur qu'un aliment est avarié.

Taste is not the only indicator that a food is spoiled.

Subordinate clause 'qu'un aliment'.

Le navire a subi une avarie, rendant une partie de la cale avariée.

The ship suffered a breakdown, making part of the hold's contents spoiled.

Noun 'avarie' vs adjective 'avariée'.

Les conditions d'hygiène déplorables ont favorisé la prolifération de produits avariés.

Deplorable hygiene conditions favored the proliferation of spoiled products.

Complex noun phrases.

L'odeur fétide des denrées avariées imprégnait les murs de l'entrepôt.

The foul smell of the spoiled food permeated the warehouse walls.

Imperfect tense for setting a scene.

Il s'agit d'une avarie commune où les marchandises avariées sont sacrifiées.

It is a case of general average where damaged goods are sacrificed.

Technical maritime term 'avarie commune'.

L'intégrité de la chaîne du froid est cruciale pour éviter que le lait ne soit avarié.

The integrity of the cold chain is crucial to prevent the milk from being spoiled.

Subjunctive after 'éviter que'.

Le rapport d'expertise souligne que les produits étaient déjà avariés avant l'embarquement.

The expert report highlights that the products were already spoiled before boarding.

Pluperfect 'étaient déjà avariés'.

L'administration a ordonné la saisie de tout le lot avarié.

The administration ordered the seizure of the entire spoiled batch.

Noun 'lot' (batch/lot).

On ne peut ignorer le risque sanitaire posé par ces viandes avariées.

One cannot ignore the health risk posed by these spoiled meats.

Passive participle 'posé par'.

L'avarie de la cargaison soulève des questions juridiques complexes sur la responsabilité contractuelle.

The damage to the cargo raises complex legal questions about contractual liability.

Abstract noun 'avarie'.

Dans ce roman naturaliste, la viande avariée symbolise la décomposition morale de la bourgeoisie.

In this naturalist novel, spoiled meat symbolizes the moral decay of the bourgeoisie.

Literary analysis context.

Le droit maritime distingue soigneusement entre avaries-dommages et avaries-frais.

Maritime law carefully distinguishes between damage-averages and expense-averages.

Highly technical terminology.

La détection de toxines dans les lots avariés a entraîné un rappel mondial immédiat.

The detection of toxins in the spoiled batches led to an immediate global recall.

Scientific/Logistical precision.

Une marchandise peut être déclarée avariée même si l'altération n'est pas perceptible à l'œil nu.

A commodity can be declared spoiled even if the alteration is not perceptible to the naked eye.

Concessive clause 'même si'.

L'expert maritime doit déterminer si le grain est avarié par vice propre ou par événement extérieur.

The maritime expert must determine if the grain is spoiled by inherent vice or by an external event.

Legal term 'vice propre'.

L'accumulation de stocks avariés témoigne d'une gestion logistique défaillante au sein de l'entreprise.

The accumulation of spoiled stocks testifies to a failing logistical management within the company.

Formal verb 'témoigne d'une'.

Nonobstant les précautions prises, une partie de la récolte s'est trouvée avariée par le gel tardif.

Notwithstanding the precautions taken, part of the harvest was spoiled by the late frost.

Formal preposition 'nonobstant'.

자주 쓰는 조합

viande avariée

poisson avarié

marchandise avariée

produits avariés

stock avarié

nourriture avariée

cargaison avariée

denrées avariées

œufs avariés

conserves avariées

자주 쓰는 구문

sentir l'avarié

— To smell like spoiled food. Used when an odor is foul and organic.

Cette cuisine sent l'avarié.

déclarer avarié

— To officially state that something is spoiled or damaged. Used by inspectors.

Le lot a été déclaré avarié par les services d'hygiène.

vendre de l'avarié

— To sell spoiled goods. A serious accusation in business.

Ce boucher est connu pour vendre de l'avarié.

arriver avarié

— To arrive in a spoiled or damaged state. Used for deliveries.

Mon colis est arrivé avarié.

être avarié par

— To be spoiled by a specific cause. Used to explain the damage.

Le blé a été avarié par la pluie.

trouver de l'avarié

— To find spoiled items. Used during cleaning or inspection.

J'ai trouvé du jambon avarié dans le frigo.

manger de l'avarié

— To eat spoiled food. Often followed by getting sick.

Il a mangé de l'avarié et il a mal au ventre.

stocker de l'avarié

— To store spoiled goods. A violation of safety rules.

Il est interdit de stocker de l'avarié ici.

trier l'avarié

— To sort out the spoiled items from the good ones.

Nous devons trier l'avarié avant de vendre.

jeter l'avarié

— To throw away the spoiled items.

Pense à jeter tout l'avarié.

자주 혼동되는 단어

avarié vs varié

Means 'varied' or 'diverse'. 'Un régime varié' is good; 'un régime avarié' is dangerous.

avarié vs avarie

The noun meaning 'damage' or 'breakdown'. Pronounced with an 'i' sound at the end.

avarié vs périmé

Means 'expired'. Something can be périmé but not yet avarié.

관용어 및 표현

"une avarie de cerveau"

— A humorous or insulting way to say someone is stupid or has 'brain damage'.

Il a une avarie de cerveau, ce type.

Slang

"être avarié du bulbe"

— To be crazy or 'rotten' in the head.

Laisse-le, il est avarié du bulbe.

Informal

"cargaison avariée"

— Sometimes used metaphorically for a group of people who are in bad shape.

Quelle cargaison avariée, ces touristes !

Informal

"sentir le poisson avarié"

— To describe a situation that seems suspicious or 'fishy'.

Cette affaire sent le poisson avarié.

Neutral

"un cœur avarié"

— A poetic or literary way to describe a person with a corrupt soul.

Il cache un cœur avarié sous de beaux habits.

Literary

"esprit avarié"

— A mind that is twisted or corrupt.

Un esprit avarié ne produit rien de bon.

Formal

"avarie majeure"

— Usually technical, but used colloquially for a huge problem.

C'est une avarie majeure pour mon projet.

Neutral

"viande avariée"

— Used as an insult for someone who is useless or slow.

Bouge-toi, espèce de viande avariée !

Slang

"boîte avariée"

— A company that is failing or corrupt.

Je ne veux pas travailler dans cette boîte avariée.

Informal

"fruit avarié"

— Refers to the 'bad apple' that ruins the bunch.

Il est le fruit avarié de la famille.

Neutral

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avarié vs pourri

Both mean spoiled.

Pourri is more for fruit/wood/figurative; avarié is more for meat/fish/technical.

Une pomme pourrie vs une viande avariée.

avarié vs rance

Both describe bad food.

Rance is specifically for fats like butter and oil.

Le beurre est rance.

avarié vs moisi

Both describe bad food.

Moisi means moldy (visible fungus).

Le pain est moisi.

avarié vs tourné

Both describe bad food.

Tourné is for liquids like milk or wine that go sour.

Le lait a tourné.

avarié vs abîmé

Both mean damaged.

Abîmé is for physical surface damage; avarié is for organic decay or major cargo damage.

Le carton est abîmé.

문장 패턴

Le [food] est avarié.

Le lait est avarié.

J'ai acheté du [food] avarié.

J'ai acheté du poulet avarié.

C'est à cause de la [food] avariée que...

C'est à cause de la viande avariée que je suis malade.

Il ne faut pas manger de [food] avarié.

Il ne faut pas manger de poisson avarié.

La marchandise est arrivée avariée au port.

La cargaison de riz est arrivée avariée au port.

On a saisi des tonnes de [food] avarié.

On a saisi des tonnes de bœuf avarié.

Nonobstant l'emballage, le contenu était avarié.

Nonobstant l'emballage, le fromage était avarié.

L'avarie a rendu l'intégralité du stock avarié.

어휘 가족

명사

une avarie (damage/breakdown)

un avariement (the act of spoiling - rare)

동사

avarié (to damage/spoil - rare in active voice)

s'avarier (to become spoiled)

형용사

avarié (spoiled/damaged)

사용법

frequency

Common in food safety, health, and logistics contexts.

자주 하는 실수

Using 'avarié' for expired yogurt. → Ce yaourt est périmé.
Périmé refers to the date; avarié refers to the state of decay.
Saying 'J'ai un régime avarié'. → J'ai un régime varié.
Varié means diverse; avarié means spoiled. This is a big difference!
Forgetting the 'e' for feminine nouns. → La viande est avariée.
Adjectives must agree with the noun they describe.
Using 'avarié' for a broken phone. → Mon téléphone est cassé.
Avarié is for organic matter or commercial cargo, not personal objects.
Pronouncing it 'avarie'. → avarié (a-va-ri-ay)
The adjective must end in the 'é' sound.

팁

Check the agreement

Always match 'avarié' with the noun. Meat is 'avariée', fish is 'avarié', eggs are 'avariés'.

Meat vs Fruit

Use 'avarié' for meat and fish. Use 'pourri' for fruits and vegetables to sound more like a native.

Shipping term

Remember that in a business context, 'avarié' means 'damaged goods' even if it's not food.

Health warning

If you see 'avarié' on a label in France, do not buy it. It's a serious health warning.

A-Very-Icky

Use the English phrase 'A Very Icky' to remember the sound and meaning of 'avarié'.

Final sound

Make sure to pronounce the 'é' at the end. Without it, you are saying the noun 'avarie'.

Spelling

Don't forget the 'a' at the beginning. 'Varié' means 'diverse', which is very different!

Formal vs Informal

Use 'avarié' in a restaurant complaint to sound more serious than using 'pas bon'.

Maritime history

Knowing it comes from 'damage at sea' helps explain why it's used for cargo.

Food standards

French markets are strict. 'Avarié' is a word that gets people in trouble.

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'A-Very-Icky' food. 'A-vari-é' sounds like 'A very icky' thing you shouldn't eat.

시각적 연상

Imagine a shipping crate (Avarie) full of green, smelly meat (Avarié).

Word Web

Nourriture Viande Poisson Odeur Danger Santé Bateau Cargaison

챌린지

Go to your kitchen and identify one thing that is 'périmé' but not yet 'avarié'. Then, imagine what it would look like if it were 'avarié'.

어원

From the noun 'avarie', which comes from the Old Italian 'avaria' and ultimately from the Arabic 'awār' (fault, defect, or damage to goods).

원래 의미: Damage suffered by a ship or its cargo during a voyage.

Romance (French) with Arabic roots.

문화적 맥락

Calling someone's food 'avarié' is very offensive. Use 'ce n'est pas très frais' in social situations.

In English, we use 'spoiled' for almost everything. French is more specific: 'avarié' for meat/fish, 'pourri' for fruit, 'rance' for butter.

The 'Scandale de la viande avariée' (2018) in Europe. Maritime laws regarding 'Avaries Communes'. Naturalist literature by Émile Zola often describes 'denrées avariées' to show poverty.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Kitchen/Cooking

Ça sent l'avarié.
La viande est avariée.
Jette ce qui est avarié.
Est-ce que c'est avarié ?

Supermarket

Ce produit est avarié.
Remboursement pour produit avarié.
Lot avarié.
Date dépassée et produit avarié.

Maritime/Shipping

Cargaison avariée.
Avarie de transport.
Marchandise avariée par l'eau.
Constater l'avarie.

Health/Safety

Intoxication par viande avariée.
Saisie de produits avariés.
Contrôle sanitaire.
Risque d'avariement.

Restaurant

Le poisson n'est pas frais, il est avarié.
Plat avarié.
Cuisine insalubre.
Porter plainte.

대화 시작하기

"Tu penses que ce lait est périmé ou vraiment avarié ?"

"As-tu déjà eu une intoxication alimentaire à cause de viande avariée ?"

"Que fais-tu si tu achètes un produit avarié au supermarché ?"

"Est-ce que l'odeur du poisson avarié est la pire odeur du monde ?"

"Comment savoir si un œuf est avarié sans le casser ?"

일기 주제

Décris une fois où tu as trouvé quelque chose d'avarié dans ton réfrigérateur.

Pourquoi est-il important pour un magasin de ne pas vendre de produits avariés ?

Imagine que tu es un inspecteur de santé et que tu trouves de la viande avariée dans un restaurant.

Quelles sont les différences entre un fruit pourri et une viande avariée selon toi ?

Écris une lettre de plainte à un supermarché après avoir acheté du poisson avarié.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Yes, but 'pourrie' is much more natural for fruit. 'Avarié' sounds a bit too official for an apple.

Yes. 'Périmé' just means the date is past. 'Avarié' means it is actually decomposing and dangerous.

Usually, yes, but it can also refer to visual decay or chemical changes not yet detectable by smell.

It is pronounced exactly the same as the masculine 'avarié'. The extra 'e' is silent.

Only as a very harsh and rare slang insult. 'Pourri' is much more common for a corrupt person.

No. Use 'en panne' or 'défectueux' for electronics.

The most common opposite for food is 'frais' (fresh).

No. You would say 'la voiture a une avarie' (noun) or 'la voiture est en panne'.

Yes, especially in news, shopping, and professional kitchen environments.

Yes, they share the same maritime root regarding shared losses from damaged cargo.

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