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B1 noun 10분 분량

un prélèvement

예시 un prélèvement 30초 만에
설명 un prélèvement in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'un prélèvement' often, but you might see it. Think of it as a 'taking'. In a bank, it's when money is taken for a bill. In a hospital, it's when they take a little bit of blood. It is a masculine word: **un** prélèvement. You can remember it by thinking of 'taking' a small part of something to check it or pay for it. Most beginners will just say 'une prise de sang' for a blood test, which is easier! But if you see 'prélèvement' on a paper, it just means 'taking a sample' or 'taking money'.
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At the A2 level, you should recognize 'un prélèvement' in two places: the bank and the doctor. For the bank, you will see 'prélèvement automatique'. This is how French people pay their phone bills or electricity. It means the money 'leaves' your account automatically. For the doctor, it's a technical word for 'sample'. Instead of just saying 'sang' (blood), the doctor says 'un prélèvement sanguin'. It's a bit more formal. Remember: it's a noun. The verb is 'prélever'. You might say: 'J'ai un prélèvement demain matin' if you are going to the lab.
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At the B1 level, you need to understand that 'un prélèvement' is the standard term for any medical specimen or direct debit. You should be able to use it in sentences like 'Le prélèvement a été effectué sans douleur.' You also encounter it in the context of taxes, specifically 'le prélèvement à la source' (withholding tax). This is a vital part of French administrative life. You should distinguish it from 'un retrait' (an ATM withdrawal). A 'prélèvement' is organized by a company or a doctor; a 'retrait' is organized by you. It's a precise, formal word used in official documents.
At the B2 level, 'un prélèvement' becomes a versatile tool for discussing technical and social issues. You will use it to talk about environmental sampling (prélèvements d'eau, de terre) or forensic evidence in a crime story (prélèvements d'empreintes). You should also understand the concept of 'prélèvements obligatoires'—the total amount of taxes and social contributions taken by the state. At this level, you should be comfortable with the verb 'prélever' and its spelling changes (je prélève). You understand that 'prélèvement' implies a systematic or scientific extraction from a larger whole.
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At the C1 level, you appreciate the nuances of 'un prélèvement' in specialized fields. In law, it might refer to the 'prélèvement' of a portion of an inheritance. In biology, you distinguish between 'un prélèvement' (the act/specimen) and 'une biopsie' or 'une ponction'. You can discuss the economic implications of 'la hausse des prélèvements sociaux'. Your usage is precise: you know that 'un prélèvement' suggests a procedure-driven extraction. You might use it metaphorically in literature or high-level journalism to describe the extraction of ideas or elements from a culture or a text, though this is less common than its technical uses.
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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'un prélèvement' across all registers. You can use it in academic writing to describe 'le prélèvement d'échantillons représentatifs' in a sociological study. You understand its historical roots in the 'droits de prélèvement' (drawing rights) in international finance (like the FMI's DTS - Droits de Tirage Spéciaux). You can navigate complex medical reports or financial contracts where 'modalités de prélèvement' are defined. The word is no longer just a 'sample' or a 'bill' to you; it is a conceptual framework for the systematic removal or isolation of a part from a system, whether biological, financial, or data-driven.
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예시

un prélèvement 30초 만에

  • A masculine noun meaning 'sample' or 'specimen' in a medical context, used for blood, tissue, or swabs for lab testing.
  • A financial term for 'direct debit' or 'automatic withdrawal' from a bank account to pay recurring bills.
  • A technical term for 'extraction' or 'sampling' in science, forensics, and environmental studies (e.g., water or soil samples).
  • A fiscal term for 'withholding' or 'levying', as in 'prélèvement à la source' (withholding tax from salary).

The French noun un prélèvement is a multifaceted term that primarily refers to the act of taking a part from a whole for a specific purpose, most commonly in medical, financial, or scientific contexts. At its core, the word comes from the verb prélever, which means to remove or to take out. In a medical setting, it is the standard term for a 'sample' or 'specimen' taken from a patient—be it blood, tissue, or a swab—intended for laboratory analysis. However, if you are living in France, you are just as likely to encounter this word on your bank statement. In the financial world, a prélèvement automatique is a direct debit or an automatic withdrawal from your account. Understanding this word requires recognizing whether you are at the doctor's office or dealing with your monthly utility bills.

Medical Context
In healthcare, it signifies the extraction of biological material. For example, un prélèvement sanguin is a blood draw, while un prélèvement d'ADN is a DNA sample. It is the technical precursor to an analysis (une analyse) or a test (un test).
Financial Context
In banking, it refers to the authorized removal of funds. The prélèvement SEPA is the standard direct debit system used across Europe. It implies a recurring or one-time payment authorized by the account holder to a third party, like an electricity provider or a gym.
Scientific/Environmental Context
Scientists use this term when taking samples from the environment. Un prélèvement d'eau refers to taking a water sample from a river or sea to test for pollutants or bacteria levels.

L'infirmière a effectué un prélèvement de gorge pour vérifier si j'avais une angine.

The word carries a sense of precision and formality. You wouldn't use it for taking a piece of cake from a plate (that would be une part or un morceau); rather, it is reserved for situations where the 'taking' is part of a formal procedure or a technical operation. In the legal and tax world, le prélèvement à la source refers to the 'withholding tax' or 'pay-as-you-earn' system, where income tax is taken directly from an employee's salary before they receive it. This shows how the word spans from the physical (blood) to the abstract (money and taxes).

J'ai remarqué un prélèvement inconnu sur mon relevé bancaire ce matin.

Historically, the term evolved from the Latin praelevare, meaning to lift or raise up beforehand. In medieval French, it related to taking a portion of crops or goods as a tax or fee before the rest could be sold. This 'taking before the rest' logic still applies to modern withholding taxes. Today, it is an essential B1-level word because it appears in daily administrative life and healthcare, two areas where clarity is vital for anyone living in a French-speaking country.

Using un prélèvement correctly involves pairing it with the right verbs and prepositions depending on the domain. Because it is a masculine noun, it is always preceded by un, le, or ce. In medical contexts, the most common verbs are effectuer (to perform), réaliser (to carry out), or faire (to do/make). For the patient, we often use subir (to undergo), as in subir un prélèvement.

Medical Phrasing
Structure: [Verb] + un prélèvement + [Type of sample]. Example: "Le médecin doit faire un prélèvement cutané" (The doctor must take a skin sample).
Banking Phrasing
Structure: [Verb] + par prélèvement. Example: "Je paie mon électricité par prélèvement automatique" (I pay my electricity by direct debit).

Veuillez rester immobile pendant le prélèvement afin d'éviter toute douleur inutile.

In more formal or scientific writing, you might see prélèvement used to describe the extraction of data or resources. For instance, le prélèvement de ressources naturelles refers to the extraction of natural resources. It is also used in the context of criminal investigations: un prélèvement d'empreintes digitales (taking fingerprints). Note that while une prise de sang is specifically a blood test, un prélèvement sanguin is the more technical term for the same thing, often used by laboratory technicians.

Le laboratoire a besoin d'un nouveau prélèvement car le premier était contaminé.

In conversation, if you are at a laboratory, the receptionist might ask: "Avez-vous rendez-vous pour un prélèvement ?" (Do you have an appointment for a sample collection?). If you are at a bank, you might say: "Je voudrais annuler le prélèvement automatique pour mon abonnement magazine." (I would like to cancel the direct debit for my magazine subscription). The word is rarely used in slang, but in professional environments, it is ubiquitous. It functions as a precise noun that covers the action of taking and the item taken simultaneously.

You will encounter un prélèvement in several key areas of French life. The most frequent is the medical lab (le laboratoire d'analyses médicales). In France, it's common to go to a private lab for blood work rather than the hospital. There, signs will say "Salle de prélèvement" (Collection room). You will also hear it in the news when discussing the economy, specifically regarding le prélèvement à la source, a major reform in the French tax system that started in 2019. This term is now part of every worker's vocabulary as they look at their 'bulletin de paie' (payslip).

At the Lab
"Nous allons procéder au prélèvement maintenant, cela ne prendra qu'une minute." (We are going to proceed with the collection now, it will only take a minute.)
In Administration
"Le prélèvement de votre loyer s'effectue le 5 de chaque mois." (The withdrawal of your rent takes place on the 5th of each month.)

Le technicien a pris un prélèvement de la roche pour l'étudier en laboratoire.

Another common area is environmental science and food safety. If there is a health scare regarding water quality or food contamination, the media will report that authorities have carried out des prélèvements to identify the source of the problem. In crime dramas (policiers), forensic experts will talk about les prélèvements sur la scène de crime (samples/evidence taken from the crime scene). This includes DNA, hair, or fibers. Therefore, whether you are watching a medical drama like 'H' or a crime thriller like 'Lupin', the word is bound to pop up.

Il y a eu une erreur dans le prélèvement de ma cotisation d'assurance.

In summary, un prélèvement is a word of the 'real world'—the world of bills, health checks, and scientific facts. It is less common in romantic poetry or casual street slang, but it is indispensable for navigating the logistics of life in a Francophone environment. When a French person says "C'est un prélèvement automatique," they are describing a convenience of modern life; when they say "J'ai un prélèvement à faire," they are likely heading to a medical appointment.

The most frequent mistake English speakers make with un prélèvement is using it to mean a 'withdrawal' of cash from an ATM. In French, taking money out of an ATM is un retrait, not a prélèvement. A prélèvement is something the bank or a company does to your account, whereas un retrait is something you do at the machine. Confusing these two can lead to misunderstandings when talking to bank staff.

Mistake: Prélèvement vs. Retrait
Wrong: "Je vais faire un prélèvement au distributeur." (I'm going to make a direct debit at the ATM.) Correct: "Je vais faire un retrait au distributeur."
Mistake: Prélèvement vs. Échantillon
While both can mean 'sample', échantillon is used for commercial products (like a perfume sample) or general data. Prélèvement is used for the act of taking the sample or for biological/technical specimens.

Attention : un prélèvement n'est pas la même chose qu'un échantillon gratuit de parfum !

Another common error is gender. Because it ends in '-ment', many students correctly guess it is masculine, but some get confused with other medical terms like une analyse (feminine). Always remember: le prélèvement. Additionally, learners often struggle with the verb prélever. It follows the pattern of 'lever' where the 'e' becomes 'è' in certain conjugations (e.g., je prélève), which can be tricky for spelling and pronunciation.

Ne dites pas "j'ai fait un prélèvement de 20 euros au distributeur", c'est un retrait.

Finally, avoid using prélèvement when you mean 'selection' or 'choice'. Even though you are 'taking' something from a group, choix or sélection are the appropriate terms. Prélèvement implies a more clinical, mechanical, or administrative removal. If you are 'taking' a quote from a book, you would use une citation or un extrait, not a prélèvement, unless you are speaking in a very technical philological sense about 'extracting' data from a text.

To truly master un prélèvement, you should know the words that sit alongside it in the same semantic field. Depending on whether you are in a hospital, a bank, or a laboratory, different synonyms or related terms might be more precise. Understanding the nuance between prélèvement, échantillon, and ponction will elevate your French from intermediate to advanced.

Échantillon vs. Prélèvement
Échantillon is a 'sample' in a general sense (a sample of fabric, a free sample of shampoo). Prélèvement is the act of taking it or a technical/medical specimen. You 'prélever' an 'échantillon'.
Ponction vs. Prélèvement
A ponction is a specific type of medical prélèvement involving a needle to withdraw fluid (like a lumbar puncture - ponction lombaire). Prélèvement is the broader category.
Retrait vs. Prélèvement
As discussed, retrait is manual (ATM withdrawal), while prélèvement is usually automated or administrative.

Le biologiste a pris un échantillon par le biais d'un prélèvement stérile.

Other related terms include une prise de sang (specifically blood), un frottis (a swab or smear, like a Pap smear), and une biopsie (a tissue sample). In the financial realm, you might hear virement (a transfer you initiate) vs prélèvement (a transfer they initiate). In the context of taxes, une retenue is a 'deduction' or 'withholding', which is often used interchangeably with prélèvement in the phrase retenue à la source.

Contrairement au virement, le prélèvement est déclenché par le créancier.

Finally, in the context of sampling in statistics or sociology, the term échantillonnage (sampling) is used to describe the methodology of choosing a group, while le prélèvement de données might be used for the technical extraction of data from a database. This shows that prélèvement almost always retains its technical, 'extractive' flavor, making it a very functional word in professional French.

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1

C'est un prélèvement pour l'électricité.

It's a direct debit for electricity.

Masculine noun 'un'.

2

Le prélèvement de sang est fini.

The blood sample is finished.

Noun + de + noun structure.

3

Il y a un prélèvement sur mon compte.

There is a deduction on my account.

Preposition 'sur' used for bank accounts.

4

L'infirmière fait le prélèvement.

The nurse is doing the sample collection.

Verb 'faire' + prélèvement.

5

Je n'aime pas les prélèvements.

I don't like sample collections.

Plural form 'les prélèvements'.

6

Où est la salle de prélèvement ?

Where is the collection room?

Compound noun with 'de'.

7

C'est un petit prélèvement.

It is a small sample.

Adjective 'petit' comes before the noun.

8

Le prélèvement est automatique.

The deduction is automatic.

Adjective 'automatique' follows the noun.

1

Je paie par prélèvement automatique.

I pay by direct debit.

Fixed phrase 'par prélèvement'.

2

Le médecin a demandé un prélèvement de gorge.

The doctor asked for a throat swab.

Specifying the body part with 'de'.

3

Il faut être à jeun pour le prélèvement.

You must be fasting for the blood draw.

Context: medical instructions.

4

Le prélèvement a été envoyé au labo.

The sample was sent to the lab.

Passive voice 'a été envoyé'.

5

Je dois signer cette autorisation de prélèvement.

I must sign this direct debit authorization.

Noun phrase 'autorisation de prélèvement'.

6

Le prélèvement est prévu pour demain.

The sample collection is scheduled for tomorrow.

Adjective 'prévu' (planned).

7

Voulez-vous un prélèvement unique ou mensuel ?

Do you want a one-time or monthly deduction?

Adjectives 'unique' and 'mensuel'.

8

Le prélèvement ne fait pas mal.

The sample collection doesn't hurt.

Negative construction 'ne... pas'.

1

Le prélèvement à la source simplifie les impôts.

Withholding tax simplifies taxes.

Important socio-economic term.

2

L'infirmière a effectué un prélèvement salivaire.

The nurse performed a saliva sample.

Formal verb 'effectuer'.

3

Il y a eu une erreur dans le prélèvement SEPA.

There was an error in the SEPA direct debit.

Acronym 'SEPA' common in Europe.

4

Le prélèvement d'échantillons est essentiel pour l'étude.

The collection of samples is essential for the study.

Using 'échantillons' with 'prélèvement'.

5

Vous pouvez annuler le prélèvement à tout moment.

You can cancel the direct debit at any time.

Phrase 'à tout moment'.

6

Le prélèvement de tissus a confirmé le diagnostic.

The tissue sample confirmed the diagnosis.

Medical precision.

7

Le montant du prélèvement est trop élevé.

The amount of the deduction is too high.

Noun 'montant' (amount).

8

Nous procédons à un prélèvement de contrôle.

We are carrying out a control sample.

Verb 'procéder à'.

1

Le prélèvement de moelle osseuse est une procédure délicate.

Bone marrow extraction is a delicate procedure.

Specific medical terminology.

2

Les prélèvements obligatoires pèsent sur l'économie.

Mandatory deductions weigh on the economy.

Economic term for taxes + social charges.

3

L'expert a fait un prélèvement d'empreintes sur le verre.

The expert took fingerprints from the glass.

Forensic context.

4

Le prélèvement d'organes est strictement réglementé.

Organ harvesting/donation is strictly regulated.

Ethical/Legal context.

5

Il a contesté le prélèvement abusif de frais bancaires.

He contested the abusive deduction of bank fees.

Adjective 'abusif'.

6

Le prélèvement de sédiments révèle la pollution du lac.

The sediment sampling reveals the lake's pollution.

Environmental science.

7

Le débit a été rejeté faute de provision pour le prélèvement.

The debit was rejected due to lack of funds for the deduction.

Banking terminology 'faute de provision'.

8

Le prélèvement d'ADN a permis d'identifier le suspect.

The DNA sample allowed for the identification of the suspect.

Criminology context.

1

Le prélèvement forfaitaire unique s'applique aux revenus du capital.

The single flat-rate deduction applies to capital income.

Specific French tax term (PFU).

2

L'étude repose sur un prélèvement aléatoire de la population.

The study is based on a random sampling of the population.

Statistical context.

3

Le prélèvement de la dîme était autrefois obligatoire.

The collection of the tithe was once mandatory.

Historical/Religious context.

4

La biopsie nécessite un prélèvement percutané sous échographie.

The biopsy requires a percutaneous sample under ultrasound.

Advanced medical terminology.

5

Le prélèvement excessif de ressources menace la biodiversité.

The excessive extraction of resources threatens biodiversity.

Ecological context.

6

Le prélèvement libératoire est une option fiscale avantageuse.

The discharge tax is an advantageous fiscal option.

Complex fiscal term.

7

Le protocole exige un prélèvement aseptique rigoureux.

The protocol requires a rigorous aseptic collection.

Laboratory standards.

8

On observe un prélèvement croissant sur les bénéfices des entreprises.

A growing levy on corporate profits is being observed.

Abstract usage in economic analysis.

1

Le prélèvement de l'impôt est le socle du contrat social.

The levying of tax is the foundation of the social contract.

Philosophical/Political usage.

2

L'analyse isotopique nécessite un prélèvement micrométrique.

Isotopic analysis requires a micrometric sample.

High-level scientific precision.

3

Le prélèvement de liquidités a déstabilisé le marché interbancaire.

The withdrawal of liquidity destabilized the interbank market.

Macroeconomic context.

4

La légalité du prélèvement de données personnelles est débattue.

The legality of the harvesting of personal data is debated.

Digital rights/Legal context.

5

Le prélèvement de greffons doit respecter un protocole d'urgence.

The harvesting of grafts must follow an emergency protocol.

Transplant surgery terminology.

6

Le prélèvement de plus-values immobilières a été réformé.

The taxation of real estate capital gains has been reformed.

Complex real estate law.

7

L'échantillonnage par prélèvement stratifié améliore la précision.

Stratified sampling improves precision.

Advanced statistics.

8

Le prélèvement d'échantillons épithéliaux est une procédure de routine.

The collection of epithelial samples is a routine procedure.

Cytology terminology.

동의어

échantillon prise de sang ponction retrait
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