이 페이지를 내 언어로

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

日本語

Português

中文

हिन्दी

홈
학습
힌디어
단어장
किन्तु

A2 conjunction #1,200 가장 일반적인 16분 분량

किन्तु

kintu 상위 1,200

At the A1 level, your primary goal is to recognize the word 'किन्तु' (kintu) when you see it or hear it, rather than actively using it in your own speech. You should understand that it simply means 'but'. However, for your own speaking and basic writing, you should stick to using 'लेकिन' (lekin). 'लेकिन' is much more common and natural for everyday situations. If you are reading a simple story or a formal sign, and you see 'किन्तु', just translate it in your head as 'but'. For example, if a sentence says 'यह अच्छा है, किन्तु महँगा है' (It is good, but expensive), you understand the contrast. Do not worry about the complex grammar rules or formal writing styles yet. Just add it to your passive vocabulary list as the formal twin of 'लेकिन'. Recognizing it will help you slowly get used to the fact that Hindi has different words for formal and informal situations, which is a key concept to grasp early on.

At the A2 level, you should start understanding how 'किन्तु' connects two simple, contrasting ideas in written texts. You know that it means 'but' and is used in formal situations. You can begin to practice writing simple sentences using 'किन्तु' to connect two independent clauses. For example, 'मैं जाना चाहता था, किन्तु बारिश होने लगी' (I wanted to go, but it started raining). Notice how the sentence structure is exactly the same as when you use 'लेकिन'. The only difference is the level of formality. You should still primarily use 'लेकिन' or 'पर' when speaking, but you can start incorporating 'किन्तु' into your written exercises, short essays, or formal emails if you are practicing business Hindi. Pay attention to the comma placed before 'किन्तु' in written sentences. Understanding this word helps you read slightly more advanced texts, like short news snippets or simple formal letters, without getting confused by the vocabulary.

At the B1 level, you are becoming more aware of register—the difference between formal and informal language. You should now actively choose 'किन्तु' over 'लेकिन' when you are writing formal essays, official letters, or giving a prepared, formal presentation. You understand that using 'किन्तु' makes your Hindi sound more educated and polished in these specific contexts. You should be comfortable connecting more complex clauses. For example, 'सरकार ने नई योजना की घोषणा की है, किन्तु जनता इससे खुश नहीं है' (The government has announced a new scheme, but the public is not happy with it). You should also be aware of common mistakes, such as using 'किन्तु' and 'लेकिन' together, or using 'किन्तु' when you actually mean 'because' (क्योंकि). Your reading comprehension should be strong enough to comfortably read newspaper articles where 'किन्तु' is used frequently to present balanced arguments or contrasting facts.

At the B2 level, 'किन्तु' should be a natural part of your active formal vocabulary. You are reading Hindi literature, editorials, and academic texts where this word is ubiquitous. You understand its nuances and how it helps structure logical arguments and debates. You can use it effortlessly in complex, multi-clause sentences to articulate sophisticated contrasting ideas. For instance, 'यद्यपि तकनीकी प्रगति ने जीवन को सरल बना दिया है, किन्तु इसने नई सामाजिक चुनौतियाँ भी उत्पन्न की हैं' (Although technological progress has made life simpler, but it has also generated new social challenges). You should also be able to distinguish between 'किन्तु' and its even more formal counterpart 'परन्तु', knowing when to use which for stylistic effect. In spoken Hindi, you know exactly when to switch registers, using 'किन्तु' in a formal debate or speech, and seamlessly reverting to 'लेकिन' during the coffee break.

At the C1 level, your use of 'किन्तु' is sophisticated and nuanced. You understand its rhetorical power in persuasive writing and formal oratory. You can use it not just to connect sentences, but to pivot entire paragraphs or arguments. You appreciate its Sanskrit roots and how it contributes to the 'Shuddh Hindi' (pure Hindi) aesthetic favored in high literature and official national discourse. You can analyze texts and explain why an author chose 'किन्तु' instead of 'मगर' or 'लेकिन' based on the desired tone and rhythm of the prose. You are comfortable with advanced syntactic structures where 'किन्तु' might appear at the beginning of a sentence to strongly contrast with a preceding thought. Your writing flows naturally, and your use of formal conjunctions like 'किन्तु' enhances the clarity, elegance, and authoritative tone of your academic or professional Hindi communications.

At the C2 level, you have a near-native mastery of 'किन्तु'. You understand its historical evolution from Sanskrit to modern Hindi and its sociolinguistic implications in contemporary Indian society. You can engage in deep literary criticism, discussing how poets and classical authors utilize 'किन्तु' to create tension, paradox, or philosophical contrast within their works. You recognize its usage in legal drafting, constitutional texts, and highly specialized academic jargon. You can effortlessly navigate the subtle stylistic boundaries between 'किन्तु', 'परन्तु', 'तथापि', and 'मगर', using each with pinpoint precision to achieve the exact emotional and intellectual impact desired. Your command over these formal conjunctions allows you to write and speak Hindi with the eloquence, authority, and cultural depth of a highly educated native scholar or literary figure.

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

किन्तु 30초 만에

Formal word for 'but'.
Used in writing and news.
Do not use in casual speech.
Connects contrasting ideas.

The Hindi word 'किन्तु' (kintu) is a coordinating conjunction that translates directly to 'but' or 'however' in English. It belongs to the category of adversative conjunctions, which are used to connect two independent clauses that express contrasting, opposing, or unexpected ideas. In the vast landscape of Hindi vocabulary, 'किन्तु' holds a special place due to its origin and register. Derived directly from Sanskrit, it carries a formal, literary, and refined tone. When a speaker or writer chooses to use 'किन्तु' instead of its more common counterparts, they are deliberately elevating the formality of their language. This word is not typically heard in casual, everyday conversations among friends or family members, where words like 'लेकिन' (lekin) or 'पर' (par) are vastly preferred. Instead, 'किन्तु' is the standard choice in formal writing, academic texts, official government documents, news broadcasts, and literary works. Understanding when to use 'किन्तु' is crucial for learners who wish to master the nuances of formal Hindi and demonstrate a high level of proficiency in professional or academic environments.

To fully grasp the meaning of 'किन्तु', it is helpful to analyze how it functions within a sentence structure. It acts as a pivot point. The first part of the sentence sets up a premise, an expectation, or a statement of fact. The word 'किन्तु' then introduces a second clause that contradicts, limits, or provides an exception to the first clause. This logical relationship is fundamental to expressing complex thoughts, debates, and analytical reasoning. In formal debates, for instance, a speaker might acknowledge an opponent's point before introducing their counter-argument using 'किन्तु'. This demonstrates respect for the opposing view while firmly establishing a contrasting perspective. The usage of this word reflects a structured and deliberate way of thinking, which is why it is so prevalent in written Hindi where authors have the time to carefully construct their sentences.

यह योजना अच्छी है, किन्तु इसे लागू करना कठिन है। (This plan is good, but implementing it is difficult.)

उसने बहुत परिश्रम किया, किन्तु वह सफल नहीं हो सका। (He worked very hard, but he could not succeed.)

Furthermore, the cultural context of 'किन्तु' cannot be ignored. Hindi, like many languages, has different registers or levels of formality. The vocabulary heavily influenced by Sanskrit (known as Tatsam words) is generally considered more formal and 'pure' in traditional contexts, whereas vocabulary derived from Persian or Arabic (like 'लेकिन') is deeply integrated into the everyday spoken language (Hindustani). By choosing 'किन्तु', a speaker aligns themselves with the Sanskritic tradition of Hindi, which is often favored in national news, classical literature, and formal education. For a language learner, recognizing this distinction is a major step toward cultural fluency. It allows the learner to not only understand the literal meaning of a sentence but also the social context and the speaker's intended tone. Using 'किन्तु' in a casual setting might sound overly dramatic or pedantic, much like using 'nevertheless' or 'notwithstanding' in a casual chat about weekend plans in English.

Register: Formal, literary, and academic. Used primarily in written Hindi and formal speeches.

Grammatical Function: Coordinating conjunction (समानाधिकरण समुच्चयबोधक) used to express contrast or opposition between two independent clauses.

Origin: Sanskrit (Tatsam). It is a compound of 'kim' (what) and 'tu' (but/and).

मैं आपकी बात से सहमत हूँ, किन्तु मेरे कुछ प्रश्न हैं। (I agree with your point, but I have some questions.)

मौसम सुहावना था, किन्तु अचानक बारिश होने लगी। (The weather was pleasant, but suddenly it started raining.)

सरकार ने प्रयास किए, किन्तु समस्या का समाधान नहीं हुआ। (The government made efforts, but the problem was not resolved.)

In summary, 'किन्तु' is an essential vocabulary word for anyone looking to advance beyond basic conversational Hindi. It provides the necessary linguistic tool to express complex, contrasting ideas with elegance and formality. While it may not be the first word you use when ordering food or chatting with a taxi driver in India, it is absolutely indispensable when you are reading a Hindi novel, listening to a formal news broadcast, or attempting to write a professional document. Mastery of 'किन्तु' and its appropriate contexts signifies a deep and nuanced understanding of the Hindi language and its rich, multi-layered vocabulary.

Using 'किन्तु' (kintu) correctly in a sentence requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a coordinating conjunction. In Hindi grammar, this type of word is known as a 'समानाधिकरण समुच्चयबोधक' (samanadhikaran samuchchaybodhak), which specifically connects two independent clauses of equal grammatical rank. The primary function of 'किन्तु' is to introduce a clause that contrasts with, contradicts, or limits the information provided in the preceding clause. The syntax is relatively straightforward and mirrors the use of 'but' in English. The standard structure is: [Independent Clause 1] + [Comma] + [किन्तु] + [Independent Clause 2]. The comma before 'किन्तु' is highly recommended in formal writing to indicate a slight pause and to clearly separate the two contrasting ideas, making the sentence easier to read and comprehend. This punctuation rule is especially important in long, complex sentences often found in academic or literary texts.

वह अमीर है, किन्तु सुखी नहीं है। (He is rich, but not happy.)

मैंने उसे बुलाया था, किन्तु वह नहीं आया। (I had called him, but he did not come.)

When constructing sentences with 'किन्तु', it is important to ensure that the two clauses actually present a logical contrast. If the second clause simply adds more information without contradicting the first, you should use 'और' (aur - and) or 'तथा' (tatha - and) instead. 'किन्तु' signals to the reader or listener that a shift in direction is about to occur. For example, if you say 'The food was expensive', the listener might expect you to say something negative next. If you follow it with 'किन्तु it was very delicious', the word 'किन्तु' successfully bridges the negative premise with a positive counterpoint. This logical bridging is the core utility of the word. Furthermore, in highly formal or poetic Hindi, you might occasionally see 'किन्तु' used at the very beginning of a sentence to contrast with an entire preceding paragraph or thought. While this is less common in everyday writing, it is a powerful rhetorical device used by skilled writers and orators to emphasize a major turning point in their argument.

Basic Syntax: [Clause A] , किन्तु [Clause B]

Subject Omission: If Clause A and Clause B share the same subject, the subject can be dropped in Clause B after किन्तु.

Punctuation: A comma (अल्पविराम) is strongly recommended before किन्तु in formal written Hindi.

दवा कड़वी है, किन्तु स्वास्थ्य के लिए लाभदायक है। (The medicine is bitter, but beneficial for health.)

हम मैच हार गए, किन्तु हमने अच्छा प्रदर्शन किया। (We lost the match, but we performed well.)

पुस्तक महँगी थी, किन्तु ज्ञानवर्धक थी। (The book was expensive, but informative.)

Another important aspect of using 'किन्तु' is tense agreement. Generally, the tenses in the two clauses connected by 'किन्तु' should logically align, though they do not have to be identical. For example, you can contrast a past action with a present state: 'उसने कल पढ़ाई की थी, किन्तु आज वह सब भूल गया है' (He had studied yesterday, but today he has forgotten everything). The key is that the logical flow remains intact. For English speakers learning Hindi, translating sentences with 'but' directly to 'किन्तु' will almost always yield a grammatically correct sentence, provided the context is formal enough to warrant its use. Practicing the transition from the informal 'लेकिन' to the formal 'किन्तु' in written exercises is an excellent way to build confidence and expand your expressive capabilities in Hindi. Remember that while the grammar is simple, the stylistic choice is what truly matters when deciding to use this specific conjunction.

If you are walking through the bustling streets of Delhi, shopping in a local market in Mumbai, or chatting with friends over a cup of chai, you are highly unlikely to hear the word 'किन्तु' (kintu). In these everyday, informal settings, the preferred words for 'but' are 'लेकिन' (lekin) or the even shorter 'पर' (par). So, where does one actually encounter 'किन्तु'? The natural habitat of this word is within the realms of formal, structured, and official Hindi. It is a hallmark of the 'Shuddh Hindi' (pure Hindi) register, which draws heavily from Sanskrit vocabulary. You will frequently encounter 'किन्तु' in print media. Major Hindi newspapers like Dainik Jagran, Hindustan, and Navbharat Times use it extensively in their editorial sections, opinion pieces, and hard news reports. Journalists use it to present balanced viewpoints, contrast political statements, or outline the pros and cons of economic policies. Reading Hindi newspapers is arguably the best way for a learner to see 'किन्तु' used naturally and frequently in modern contexts.

विपक्ष ने प्रस्ताव का विरोध किया, किन्तु बिल पास हो गया। (The opposition opposed the proposal, but the bill was passed.)

आर्थिक विकास दर सकारात्मक है, किन्तु मुद्रास्फीति एक चिंता का विषय है। (The economic growth rate is positive, but inflation is a matter of concern.)

Beyond journalism, 'किन्तु' is a staple in Hindi literature, both classic and contemporary. Renowned authors like Munshi Premchand, Jaishankar Prasad, and Mahadevi Varma utilized 'किन्तु' to craft elegant and thought-provoking prose. In literature, the word helps to build narrative tension, contrast characters' internal desires with external realities, and articulate complex philosophical ideas. If you are reading Hindi short stories, novels, or poetry, you will see 'किन्तु' functioning as a critical structural element of the text. Furthermore, in the academic sphere, textbooks, research papers, and formal essays written in Hindi rely on 'किन्तु' to maintain a scholarly tone. Students in Indian schools are taught to use 'किन्तु' and 'परन्तु' in their written examinations to demonstrate a strong command of formal vocabulary, distinguishing their academic writing from their casual speech.

News Media: Editorials, political reporting, and formal news broadcasts heavily feature this word.

Literature: Novels, short stories, and poetry use it for stylistic elegance and formal narrative structure.

Official Documents: Government notifications, legal texts, and formal business correspondence utilize it to maintain a professional register.

छात्र ने उत्तर सही दिया, किन्तु स्पष्टीकरण अपर्याप्त था। (The student gave the correct answer, but the explanation was insufficient.)

याचिका दायर की गई थी, किन्तु न्यायालय ने इसे खारिज कर दिया। (The petition was filed, but the court dismissed it.)

राजा दयालु था, किन्तु उसके मंत्री भ्रष्ट थे। (The king was kind, but his ministers were corrupt.)

Another interesting domain where 'किन्तु' appears is in formal public speaking and political rhetoric. When Indian politicians address the nation from the Red Fort on Independence Day, or when they speak in the Lok Sabha (Parliament), they often switch to a highly formal register of Hindi to convey authority and gravity. In these speeches, 'किन्तु' is used to pivot from acknowledging a challenge to presenting a solution, or from praising past achievements to highlighting future goals. Understanding this sociolinguistic aspect is fascinating for language learners. It reveals that vocabulary choice in Hindi is not just about conveying meaning, but also about establishing a persona, showing respect for the occasion, and adhering to cultural expectations of formality. Therefore, while you might not need to speak 'किन्तु' to survive a trip to India, you absolutely need to understand it to comprehend the country's formal discourse, its literature, and its official communications.

When learning to use 'किन्तु' (kintu), English speakers and new Hindi learners often encounter a few specific pitfalls. The most prevalent mistake is not grammatical, but rather a sociolinguistic one: register mismatch. Because 'किन्तु' translates directly to 'but', learners often substitute it for 'but' in every single context. This results in sentences that are grammatically flawless but sound incredibly awkward and overly formal to native speakers. Imagine a native English speaker saying, 'I wanted to buy the apples, nevertheless I bought the oranges' while at a casual grocery store. That is the exact effect of using 'किन्तु' in casual Hindi conversation. If you are talking to a friend about a movie, saying 'फिल्म अच्छी थी, किन्तु लंबी थी' (The movie was good, but long) sounds stiff. A native speaker would almost always say 'फिल्म अच्छी थी, पर लंबी थी' or '...लेकिन लंबी थी'. Learning to reserve 'किन्तु' strictly for formal writing, academic contexts, or highly formal speeches is crucial for sounding natural.

Incorrect Context: मुझे भूख लगी है, किन्तु खाना नहीं है। (Too formal for a casual complaint.)

Correct Context: कंपनी ने लाभ कमाया, किन्तु कर्मचारियों को बोनस नहीं मिला। (Appropriate for a formal business report.)

Another common error is logical mismatch. 'किन्तु' is an adversative conjunction; it must introduce a contrast. Sometimes learners use it when they actually mean 'because' (क्योंकि - kyonki) or 'therefore' (इसलिए - isliye). For example, saying 'मैं बीमार हूँ, किन्तु मैं स्कूल नहीं जाऊंगा' translates to 'I am sick, but I will not go to school'. This is logically flawed because not going to school is the expected result of being sick, not a contrast to it. The correct conjunction here would be 'इसलिए' (therefore). 'किन्तु' should only be used when the second clause defies the expectation set by the first clause, such as 'मैं बीमार हूँ, किन्तु मैं स्कूल जाऊंगा' (I am sick, but I will go to school). Paying close attention to the logical relationship between the two clauses is essential to avoid confusing your reader or listener.

Register Mismatch: Using 'किन्तु' in casual, everyday conversation instead of 'लेकिन' or 'पर'.

Logical Error: Using 'किन्तु' when the second clause is a result (therefore) rather than a contrast (but).

Redundancy: Combining 'किन्तु' with 'लेकिन' or 'परन्तु' in the same sentence (e.g., 'लेकिन किन्तु').

Logical Error: बारिश हो रही है, किन्तु मैं छाता ले रहा हूँ। (Incorrect logic. Should be 'इसलिए' - therefore).

Correct Logic: बारिश हो रही है, किन्तु मैं छाता नहीं ले रहा हूँ। (Correct logic. Raining, but not taking an umbrella).

Redundancy Error: वह गरीब है, लेकिन किन्तु ईमानदार है। (Never use both together).

Finally, a minor but noticeable mistake in written Hindi is the omission of the comma before 'किन्तु'. While spoken Hindi relies on pauses and intonation to separate clauses, written Hindi relies on punctuation. Failing to place a comma before 'किन्तु' in a long, complex sentence can make the text difficult to parse and read smoothly. It is a standard convention in formal Hindi writing to use the 'अल्पविराम' (alpaviram - comma) to visually separate the contrasting ideas. By avoiding these common mistakes—register mismatch, logical errors, redundancy, and poor punctuation—learners can utilize 'किन्तु' effectively and impressively, demonstrating a sophisticated grasp of Hindi grammar and style.

The Hindi language is incredibly rich in synonyms, often offering multiple words for the same concept drawn from different historical sources (Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, and native Prakrit). The concept of 'but' is a perfect example of this linguistic diversity. While 'किन्तु' (kintu) is the focus here, it is part of a family of adversative conjunctions that include 'लेकिन' (lekin), 'परन्तु' (parantu), 'मगर' (magar), and 'पर' (par). Understanding the subtle differences in register, origin, and nuance among these alternatives is key to achieving fluency and choosing the perfect word for any given situation. The most common alternative, and the one you will hear most frequently in daily life, is 'लेकिन' (lekin). Derived from Persian/Arabic, 'लेकिन' is the universal, neutral 'but' in Hindi. It is perfectly acceptable in almost all spoken contexts, from chatting with friends to professional meetings. If you are ever in doubt about which word to use, 'लेकिन' is your safest and most versatile choice.

Casual: मैं आना चाहता था, लेकिन मुझे काम है। (I wanted to come, but I have work.)

Formal: मैं आना चाहता था, किन्तु मुझे एक आवश्यक कार्य है। (I wanted to come, but I have an urgent task.)

Another highly formal alternative is 'परन्तु' (parantu). Like 'किन्तु', it is of Sanskrit origin (Tatsam). In the hierarchy of formality, 'परन्तु' is often considered slightly more emphatic or rigid than 'किन्तु'. You will find it in legal documents, highly academic treatises, and classical literature. While 'किन्तु' and 'परन्तु' are largely interchangeable in formal writing, 'परन्तु' carries a slightly heavier, more definitive weight. On the other end of the spectrum is 'पर' (par). This is a native Hindi word and is the shortest, most casual way to say 'but'. It is extremely common in fast-paced, informal speech. 'मैं गया था, पर वो नहीं मिला' (I went, but didn't find him). It is punchy and direct, making it ideal for everyday conversation but entirely inappropriate for formal writing. Finally, there is 'मगर' (magar). Also of Persian origin, 'मगर' sits somewhere between 'लेकिन' and 'किन्तु' in terms of formality. It has a slightly poetic or literary feel to it and is frequently used in Bollywood songs, poetry (Shayari), and expressive storytelling.

लेकिन (Lekin): The most common, neutral word for 'but'. Persian origin. Safe for almost all spoken contexts.

परन्तु (Parantu): Extremely formal, Sanskrit origin. Often used interchangeably with किन्तु but can feel slightly stronger.

पर (Par): Very casual, native Hindi. Used in fast, informal speech. Also means 'on' or 'at' depending on context.

Poetic: सब कुछ बदल गया, मगर तुम्हारी यादें वहीं हैं। (Everything changed, but your memories remain there.)

Academic: यह सिद्धांत लोकप्रिय है, परन्तु इसके कई अपवाद हैं। (This theory is popular, but it has many exceptions.)

Casual: मैंने उसे देखा, पर बात नहीं की। (I saw him, but didn't talk.)

To summarize the landscape of alternatives: use 'पर' with close friends, use 'लेकिन' in general daily life and standard communication, use 'मगर' when you want to sound a bit poetic or expressive, and reserve 'किन्तु' and 'परन्तु' for formal essays, official documents, and academic writing. By mastering this spectrum of conjunctions, you move beyond merely translating English thoughts into Hindi words. You begin to express yourself with the cultural and contextual sensitivity of a native speaker. 'किन्तु' is a beautiful, precise word that elevates your Hindi, provided you use it in its rightful, formal domain.

How Formal Is It?

격식체

중립

비격식체

Child friendly

속어

재미있는 사실

Because 'किन्तु' is a pure Sanskrit word, using it in modern Hindi instantly signals to the listener that you are speaking a highly refined, educated, and formal register of the language. It is the linguistic equivalent of wearing a formal suit instead of a t-shirt.

발음 가이드

UK /kɪnt̪u/

US /kɪnt̪u/

The stress is generally balanced, but slightly more emphasis falls on the first syllable: KIN-tu.

라임이 맞는 단어

बिंदु (bindu - point/dot) सिंधु (sindhu - ocean/Indus river) हिंदू (hindu - Hindu) बंधु (bandhu - brother/friend) जंतु (jantu - animal/creature) तंतु (tantu - thread/fiber) परन्तु (parantu - but/however) हेतु (hetu - reason/cause - slant rhyme)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing the 't' as a hard English alveolar 't' (like in 'time'). It must be a soft dental 't' (त).
Elongating the 'u' sound at the end to sound like 'too' (तू). It should be a short 'u' (तु).
Mispronouncing the 'i' as a long 'ee' sound (कीन्तु). It must be a short 'i' (कि).
Adding a heavy aspiration to the 'k' (खिन्तु). It is an unaspirated 'k' (क).
Nasalizing the 'i' too heavily. The 'n' is a distinct consonant sound here, not just a nasalization of the vowel.

난이도

독해 3/5

Easy to recognize, but appears in complex, formal sentences that might be hard to read overall.

쓰기 4/5

Requires understanding of formal register and proper punctuation (comma usage).

말하기 2/5

Easy to pronounce, but learners must remember NOT to use it in casual speech.

듣기 3/5

Clear pronunciation, but usually embedded in fast-paced formal news or speeches.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

लेकिन (lekin - but) और (aur - and) इसलिए (isliye - therefore) क्योंकि (kyonki - because) वाक्य (vakya - sentence)

다음에 배울 것

परन्तु (parantu - however/but) यद्यपि (yadyapi - although) तथापि (tathapi - nevertheless) अपितु (apitu - rather/but also) बल्कि (balki - rather)

고급

विरोधभास (virodhabhas - paradox/contradiction) समानाधिकरण (samanadhikaran - coordinating) समुच्चयबोधक (samuchchaybodhak - conjunction) तर्क (tark - logic/argument) निष्कर्ष (nishkarsh - conclusion)

알아야 할 문법

Coordinating Conjunctions (समानाधिकरण समुच्चयबोधक)

Words like और (and), या (or), किन्तु (but), इसलिए (therefore) connect clauses of equal grammatical rank.

Punctuation with Conjunctions

In formal Hindi writing, a comma (अल्पविराम) is generally placed before adversative conjunctions like किन्तु and परन्तु.

Subject Omission in Compound Sentences

If the subject is the same in both clauses, it can be omitted after किन्तु: 'वह गरीब है, किन्तु (वह) ईमानदार है।'

Correlative Conjunctions (जोड़े वाले समुच्चयबोधक)

किन्तु is often paired with यद्यपि (although) to form the structure: यद्यपि [clause 1], किन्तु [clause 2].

Choosing Tatsam (Sanskrit) words like किन्तु dictates that the surrounding vocabulary should also ideally lean towards formal/Sanskritized Hindi for stylistic consistency.

수준별 예문

यह अच्छा है, किन्तु महँगा है।

It is good, but expensive.

Connects two simple adjectives/states.

वह गरीब है, किन्तु खुश है।

He is poor, but happy.

Contrasting conditions.

मैं थक गया हूँ, किन्तु काम करूँगा।

I am tired, but I will work.

Contrasting state and action.

चाय गरम है, किन्तु स्वादिष्ट है।

The tea is hot, but tasty.

Simple contrast.

वह छोटा है, किन्तु तेज़ है।

He is small, but fast.

Contrasting physical traits.

किताब पुरानी है, किन्तु अच्छी है।

The book is old, but good.

Simple object description.

कमरा छोटा है, किन्तु साफ है।

The room is small, but clean.

Describing a place.

वह आया, किन्तु जल्दी चला गया।

He came, but left early.

Connecting two past tense verbs.

मैं बाज़ार गया था, किन्तु दुकानें बंद थीं।

I had gone to the market, but the shops were closed.

Connecting two independent past tense clauses.

उसने मुझे बुलाया, किन्तु मैं नहीं गया।

He called me, but I did not go.

Contrast between invitation and action.

मुझे हिंदी समझ आती है, किन्तु बोलना कठिन है।

I understand Hindi, but speaking is difficult.

Contrasting abilities.

खाना स्वादिष्ट था, किन्तु बहुत तीखा था।

The food was tasty, but very spicy.

Adding a limiting condition to a positive statement.

वह होशियार है, किन्तु मेहनत नहीं करता।

He is smart, but does not work hard.

Contrasting trait and behavior.

मैंने उसे सच बताया, किन्तु उसने विश्वास नहीं किया।

I told him the truth, but he did not believe it.

Action and unexpected reaction.

हम स्टेशन पहुँचे, किन्तु ट्रेन जा चुकी थी।

We reached the station, but the train had left.

Past perfect contrast.

वह अमीर है, किन्तु किसी की मदद नहीं करता।

He is rich, but does not help anyone.

Contrast between capacity and action.

कंपनी ने नया उत्पाद लॉन्च किया, किन्तु बिक्री नहीं बढ़ी।

The company launched a new product, but sales did not increase.

Business context, formal register.

डॉक्टर ने दवा दी, किन्तु मरीज़ की हालत में सुधार नहीं हुआ।

The doctor gave medicine, but the patient's condition did not improve.

Medical context, formal reporting.

सरकार ने नियम बनाए हैं, किन्तु लोग उनका पालन नहीं करते।

The government has made rules, but people do not follow them.

Civic context, contrasting policy and behavior.

उसने परीक्षा के लिए बहुत पढ़ाई की, किन्तु वह अनुत्तीर्ण हो गया।

He studied a lot for the exam, but he failed.

Using formal vocabulary like 'अनुत्तीर्ण' (failed) alongside किन्तु.

योजना सैद्धांतिक रूप से अच्छी है, किन्तु व्यावहारिक नहीं है।

The plan is theoretically good, but not practical.

Abstract concepts: theoretical vs practical.

मैंने उसे कई बार चेतावनी दी, किन्तु उसने मेरी बात नहीं सुनी।

I warned him many times, but he did not listen to me.

Repeated action vs lack of response.

मौसम विभाग ने बारिश की भविष्यवाणी की थी, किन्तु दिन भर धूप रही।

The weather department had predicted rain, but it was sunny all day.

Expectation vs reality in news reporting.

यह समस्या पुरानी है, किन्तु इसका समाधान अब तक नहीं मिला है।

This problem is old, but its solution has not been found yet.

Present perfect continuous contrast.

आर्थिक नीतियाँ प्रभावशाली प्रतीत होती हैं, किन्तु ज़मीनी हकीकत कुछ और ही है।

The economic policies appear effective, but the ground reality is something else entirely.

Complex abstract contrast, journalistic style.

विपक्ष ने संसद में कड़ा विरोध किया, किन्तु विधेयक अंततः पारित हो गया।

The opposition protested strongly in parliament, but the bill was ultimately passed.

Political reporting, formal vocabulary (विधेयक, पारित).

यद्यपि वह एक कुशल वक्ता है, किन्तु उसके तर्कों में गहराई का अभाव है।

Although he is a skilled orator, but his arguments lack depth.

Correlative conjunction structure (यद्यपि... किन्तु).

विज्ञान ने हमें कई सुविधाएँ दी हैं, किन्तु पर्यावरण को भारी नुकसान भी पहुँचाया है।

Science has given us many conveniences, but has also caused heavy damage to the environment.

Essay writing style, balancing pros and cons.

कलाकार ने अपनी पूरी भावनाएँ कैनवास पर उकेर दीं, किन्तु आलोचकों ने इसे खारिज कर दिया।

The artist poured all his emotions onto the canvas, but the critics rejected it.

Literary context, emotional contrast.

प्रौद्योगिकी ने संचार को तीव्र कर दिया है, किन्तु मानवीय संबंधों में दूरियाँ बढ़ा दी हैं।

Technology has made communication faster, but has increased distances in human relationships.

Sociological observation, formal register.

उसका प्रस्ताव आकर्षक था, किन्तु कंपनी के दीर्घकालिक लक्ष्यों के अनुकूल नहीं था।

His proposal was attractive, but not aligned with the company's long-term goals.

Corporate formal communication.

इतिहास गवाह है कि साम्राज्य उठते हैं, किन्तु अंततः उनका पतन निश्चित है।

History is witness that empires rise, but ultimately their fall is certain.

Historical/philosophical statement.

न्यायालय ने उनके अधिकारों की रक्षा की, किन्तु सामाजिक दृष्टिकोण में परिवर्तन आने में समय लगेगा।

The court protected their rights, but it will take time for the social perspective to change.

Legal and sociological discourse.

साहित्य समाज का दर्पण है, किन्तु यह केवल यथार्थ नहीं, बल्कि आदर्शों को भी प्रस्तुत करता है।

Literature is the mirror of society, but it presents not only reality, but also ideals.

Literary criticism, complex correlative structure.

वैश्वीकरण ने सीमाओं को धुंधला कर दिया है, किन्तु स्थानीय संस्कृतियों के संरक्षण की चुनौती और भी गंभीर हो गई है।

Globalization has blurred borders, but the challenge of preserving local cultures has become even more severe.

Academic essay on globalization.

उनके दावों में तार्किक सुसंगति थी, किन्तु अनुभवजन्य साक्ष्यों के अभाव ने उन्हें कमजोर कर दिया।

There was logical consistency in his claims, but the lack of empirical evidence weakened them.

Scientific/Academic critique.

लोकतंत्र में बहुमत का शासन होता है, किन्तु अल्पसंख्यकों के अधिकारों की अनदेखी नहीं की जा सकती।

In a democracy, there is majority rule, but the rights of minorities cannot be ignored.

Political science context.

कवि ने प्रकृति के सौंदर्य का अद्भुत वर्णन किया है, किन्तु उसमें छिपी भयानकता को भी अछूता नहीं छोड़ा है।

The poet has wonderfully described the beauty of nature, but has not left its hidden terror untouched either.

Literary analysis.

आधुनिक चिकित्सा ने जीवन प्रत्याशा तो बढ़ा दी है, किन्तु जीवन की गुणवत्ता पर अभी भी प्रश्नचिह्न लगा हुआ है।

Modern medicine has indeed increased life expectancy, but there is still a question mark on the quality of life.

Bioethics and healthcare discourse.

यह सत्य है कि संसाधन सीमित हैं, किन्तु मानव की आकांक्षाएँ असीमित और अनंत हैं।

It is true that resources are limited, but human aspirations are unlimited and infinite.

Philosophical/Economic statement.

वेदांत दर्शन में माया को भ्रामक माना गया है, किन्तु उसी के माध्यम से सत्य की अनुभूति का मार्ग भी प्रशस्त होता है।

In Vedanta philosophy, Maya is considered illusory, but through it alone the path to experiencing truth is also paved.

Deep philosophical/theological discourse.

संविधान की मूल संरचना अपरिवर्तनीय है, किन्तु समय की माँग के अनुसार इसमें संशोधन की गुंजाइश सदैव बनी रहती है।

The basic structure of the constitution is unalterable, but according to the demands of time, the scope for its amendment always remains.

Constitutional law analysis.

कथानक की गति धीमी प्रतीत हो सकती है, किन्तु यही ठहराव पात्रों के मनोवैज्ञानिक द्वंद्व को उभारने में सहायक सिद्ध होता है।

The pace of the plot may seem slow, but this very stillness proves helpful in bringing out the psychological conflict of the characters.

Advanced literary critique.

अंतर्राष्ट्रीय कूटनीति में स्थायी मित्र या शत्रु नहीं होते, किन्तु राष्ट्रीय हित सर्वोपरि और अपरिवर्तनीय रहते हैं।

In international diplomacy, there are no permanent friends or enemies, but national interests remain paramount and unchangeable.

Geopolitical analysis.

औद्योगिक क्रांति ने भौतिक समृद्धि के द्वार खोले, किन्तु इसने मनुष्य को मशीन का एक पुर्जा मात्र बनाकर उसकी आत्मा का हनन भी किया।

The Industrial Revolution opened the doors to material prosperity, but by making man a mere cog in the machine, it also destroyed his soul.

Historical and sociological critique.

भाषा केवल संवाद का माध्यम नहीं है, किन्तु यह एक पूरी संस्कृति और उसके ऐतिहासिक संस्मरणों की वाहक भी है।

Language is not merely a medium of communication, but it is also the carrier of an entire culture and its historical memories.

Linguistic and anthropological discourse.

यद्यपि शून्यवाद जीवन को अर्थहीन घोषित करता है, किन्तु इसी अर्थहीनता में मनुष्य को अपनी नियति स्वयं गढ़ने की पूर्ण स्वतंत्रता भी प्राप्त होती है।

Although nihilism declares life meaningless, but in this very meaninglessness, man also attains the absolute freedom to forge his own destiny.

Existential philosophy.

शास्त्रीय संगीत के नियम अत्यंत कठोर हैं, किन्तु एक सिद्ध साधक इन्हीं बंधनों के भीतर असीम स्वतंत्रता का अनुभव करता है।

The rules of classical music are extremely rigid, but an accomplished practitioner experiences boundless freedom within these very constraints.

Aesthetic and musical theory.

자주 쓰는 조합

... , किन्तु ...

यद्यपि ... , किन्तु ...

अच्छा है किन्तु

कठिन है किन्तु

महँगा है किन्तु

सुंदर है किन्तु

प्रयास किया किन्तु

सच है किन्तु

छोटा है किन्तु

पुराना है किन्तु

자주 쓰는 구문

किन्तु-परन्तु करना

बिना किसी किन्तु-परन्तु के

किन्तु यह भी सत्य है कि

किन्तु वास्तविकता यह है

किन्तु ध्यान रहे

किन्तु इसके विपरीत

किन्तु मुख्य बात यह है

किन्तु सवाल यह उठता है

किन्तु ऐसा प्रतीत होता है

किन्तु अंत में

자주 혼동되는 단어

किन्तु vs क्योंकि (kyonki)

Learners sometimes use 'but' when they mean 'because'. 'किन्तु' shows contrast, 'क्योंकि' shows reason.

किन्तु vs इसलिए (isliye)

Learners confuse contrast with result. 'किन्तु' means 'but', 'इसलिए' means 'therefore'.

किन्तु vs और (aur)

Using 'but' instead of 'and' when adding non-contrasting information. 'किन्तु' must introduce a contrast.

관용어 및 표현

"अगर-मगर करना"

Similar to किन्तु-परन्तु करना. To hesitate, make excuses, or delay by raising hypothetical objections.

काम शुरू करो, अगर-मगर मत करो। (Start the work, don't make excuses.)

Informal/Idiomatic

"किन्तु-परन्तु में उलझना"

To get tangled up in minor objections or technicalities instead of focusing on the main goal.

हमें किन्तु-परन्तु में उलझने के बजाय समाधान खोजना चाहिए। (Instead of getting tangled in ifs and buts, we should find a solution.)

Formal/Journalistic

"कोई किन्तु-परन्तु नहीं"

No ifs or buts. Absolute compliance required.

मुझे यह रिपोर्ट आज शाम तक चाहिए, कोई किन्तु-परन्तु नहीं। (I need this report by this evening, no ifs or buts.)

Authoritative/Command

"किन्तु का कांटा"

The thorn of 'but'. Refers to a persistent doubt or obstacle that ruins an otherwise good situation.

सब कुछ ठीक था, बस मन में एक किन्तु का कांटा चुभ रहा था। (Everything was fine, just the thorn of a 'but' was pricking the mind.)

Literary

"किन्तु की दीवार"

The wall of 'but'. An obstacle created by constant objections.

विकास के रास्ते में किन्तु की दीवार खड़ी मत करो। (Don't build a wall of 'buts' in the path of development.)

Political/Rhetorical

"किन्तु-परन्तु का खेल"

The game of ifs and buts. Refers to political or bureaucratic stalling tactics.

जनता इस किन्तु-परन्तु के खेल से थक चुकी है। (The public is tired of this game of ifs and buts.)

Journalistic

"हर बात में किन्तु"

A 'but' in everything. Describes a pessimistic or overly critical person.

उसकी हर बात में एक किन्तु होता है। (There is a 'but' in everything he says.)

Conversational

"किन्तु से बचना"

To avoid saying 'but'. To try to be entirely positive or agreeable.

नेताजी ने अपने भाषण में किन्तु से बचने का पूरा प्रयास किया। (The politician tried his best to avoid 'buts' in his speech.)

Analytical

"किन्तु का सहारा लेना"

To take the support of 'but'. To use excuses to justify failure.

असफल लोग हमेशा किन्तु का सहारा लेते हैं। (Unsuccessful people always take the support of 'but'.)

Motivational

"किन्तु पर आकर अटकना"

To get stuck at 'but'. When a negotiation or plan halts because of a specific condition.

बातचीत अच्छी चल रही थी, पर बजट के किन्तु पर आकर अटक गई। (The negotiation was going well, but got stuck at the 'but' of the budget.)

Business

혼동하기 쉬운

किन्तु vs परन्तु (parantu)

Both mean 'but' and are formal.

They are nearly identical in meaning and usage. 'परन्तु' is considered slightly more formal or emphatic than 'किन्तु'. In most formal writing, they can be used interchangeably.

मैं सहमत हूँ, किन्तु/परन्तु कुछ शर्तें हैं। (I agree, but there are some conditions.)

किन्तु vs लेकिन (lekin)

Both mean 'but'.

The difference is entirely about register. 'लेकिन' is for everyday speech and standard writing. 'किन्तु' is strictly for formal writing and speeches.

Casual: अच्छा है लेकिन महँगा है। Formal: अच्छा है किन्तु महँगा है।

किन्तु vs मगर (magar)

Both mean 'but'.

'मगर' has a Persian origin and often carries a slightly poetic or narrative tone. 'किन्तु' is Sanskrit-based and sounds more academic or official.

Poetic: सब भूल गया, मगर तुम याद रहे। Academic: सब भूल गया, किन्तु यह तथ्य याद रहा।

किन्तु vs बल्कि (balki)

Sometimes translated as 'but' in English (e.g., Not this, but that).

'बल्कि' means 'rather' or 'instead'. It is used to correct a negative statement. 'किन्तु' connects two independent, contrasting facts.

वह मूर्ख नहीं है, बल्कि चतुर है। (He is not a fool, rather he is clever.)

किन्तु vs यद्यपि (yadyapi)

Related to contrast.

'यद्यपि' means 'although' and introduces the dependent concession clause. 'किन्तु' means 'but' and introduces the independent contrasting clause. They are often used together.

यद्यपि वह बीमार था, किन्तु उसने काम किया। (Although he was sick, but he worked.)

문장 패턴

[Adjective 1] है, किन्तु [Adjective 2] है।

कमरा छोटा है, किन्तु साफ है। (The room is small, but clean.)

[Action 1 in Past], किन्तु [Action 2 in Past Negative]।

मैंने उसे बुलाया, किन्तु वह नहीं आया। (I called him, but he didn't come.)

[Expectation], किन्तु [Reality]।

मुझे लगा वह जीतेगा, किन्तु वह हार गया। (I thought he would win, but he lost.)

[Effort], किन्तु [Failure]।

उसने बहुत पढ़ाई की, किन्तु फेल हो गया। (He studied a lot, but failed.)

यद्यपि [Clause 1], किन्तु [Clause 2]।

यद्यपि वह अमीर है, किन्तु कंजूस है। (Although he is rich, but he is stingy.)

[Theory/Plan], किन्तु [Practical Issue]।

योजना अच्छी है, किन्तु बजट नहीं है। (The plan is good, but there is no budget.)

यह सत्य है कि [Fact 1], किन्तु [Counter-Fact 2]।

यह सत्य है कि विकास हुआ है, किन्तु गरीबी भी बढ़ी है। (It is true that development has happened, but poverty has also increased.)

[Statement], किन्तु सवाल यह है कि [Question]।

नियम बन गए हैं, किन्तु सवाल यह है कि उनका पालन कौन करेगा? (Rules are made, but the question is who will follow them?)

어휘 가족

명사

동사

사용법

frequency

High in written/formal contexts. Very low in spoken/casual contexts.

자주 하는 실수

Using 'किन्तु' while chatting with a taxi driver or shopkeeper. → Using 'लेकिन' (lekin) or 'पर' (par) in casual situations.
'किन्तु' is strictly for formal writing and speeches. Using it in casual daily life sounds unnatural and overly dramatic, like speaking Shakespearean English at a grocery store.
Writing 'लेकिन किन्तु' together in a sentence. → Using either 'लेकिन' OR 'किन्तु', never both.
Both words mean 'but'. Using them together is redundant and grammatically incorrect. Choose the word that fits the formality of your writing.
Using 'किन्तु' to show a result instead of a contrast. (e.g., बारिश हो रही है किन्तु मैं नहीं जाऊंगा - Raining but I won't go). → Using 'इसलिए' (isliye - therefore) for results. (बारिश हो रही है इसलिए मैं नहीं जाऊंगा).
'किन्तु' is an adversative conjunction. It must introduce a surprising or contrasting fact, not a logical consequence.
Forgetting the comma before 'किन्तु' in long written sentences. → Placing a comma (अल्पविराम) before 'किन्तु' to separate the clauses.
While spoken Hindi relies on pauses, written formal Hindi requires proper punctuation. A comma before 'किन्तु' clarifies the sentence structure for the reader.
Pronouncing the 't' in 'kintu' like the English 't' in 'time'. → Pronouncing it with a soft, dental 't' (त).
The Hindi 'त' requires the tongue to touch the back of the upper teeth. Using the hard English alveolar 't' (ट) changes the accent significantly.

팁

Write with Kintu, Speak with Lekin

The golden rule for learners: Keep 'किन्तु' in your pen and 'लेकिन' on your tongue. Use 'किन्तु' for essays and 'लेकिन' for daily chats.

Don't Forget the Comma

In written Hindi, always place a comma before 'किन्तु' when connecting two full sentences. It makes your writing look professional and easy to read.

Pair with Formal Words

If you use 'किन्तु', try to elevate the rest of your vocabulary too. 'किन्तु' looks out of place next to street slang. Use formal verbs and nouns with it.

Check the Contrast

Before writing 'किन्तु', ask yourself: Does the second part of my sentence actually contradict or limit the first part? If not, use 'और' (and) or 'इसलिए' (therefore).

No Ifs and Buts

Learn the phrase 'कोई किन्तु-परन्तु नहीं' (Koi kintu-parantu nahi). It's a great, authoritative way to say 'No ifs or buts' when you want something done immediately.

Read the News

To see how 'किन्तु' is used naturally, read the editorial section of a Hindi newspaper. You will see it used to balance complex political and economic arguments.

Never Double Up

Never write 'लेकिन किन्तु' or 'पर किन्तु'. Pick one conjunction and stick with it. Doubling them up is a common beginner mistake.

Soft 'T'

Remember that the 't' in 'kintu' is dental (त), not the hard English 't' (ट). Your tongue should touch the back of your upper teeth.

Starting a Sentence

For a dramatic effect in an essay, try starting a sentence with 'किन्तु' to strongly contradict the entire previous paragraph.

Sounding Educated

Using words like 'किन्तु' correctly shows native speakers that you have studied Hindi formally, not just picked it up from the streets or movies.

암기하기

기억법

Think of KIN (family) and TU (you). You love your KIN, TU (but) sometimes they annoy you. KIN-TU = but.

시각적 연상

Visualize a formal, strict school teacher holding up a finger and saying 'KIN-TU!' before explaining why your answer is wrong. Associate the word with formal correction and contrast.

Word Web

किन्तु (Center) But (Translation) Formal (Register) Sanskrit (Origin) परन्तु (Synonym) लेकिन (Informal equivalent) Contrast (Function) Written Hindi (Context)

챌린지

Write three sentences about your country's economy or politics. Use 'किन्तु' in each sentence to contrast a positive point with a negative point. (e.g., The GDP is growing, किन्तु unemployment is also high).

어원

The word 'किन्तु' originates directly from ancient Sanskrit. It is a 'Tatsam' word, meaning it was adopted into modern Hindi without any change in its spelling or pronunciation from its original Sanskrit form. In Sanskrit, it is a compound formed by joining 'किम्' (kim - what/whether) and 'तु' (tu - but/and).

원래 의미: In Sanskrit, 'तु' (tu) was the primary adversative particle meaning 'but' or 'however'. The combination 'किन्तु' evolved to specifically introduce a contrasting statement or an objection.

Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Indo-Aryan > Sanskrit > Hindi

문화적 맥락

There is no negative sensitivity associated with 'किन्तु'. However, using it in a very casual setting (like buying vegetables) might make you sound pretentious or comical, like a character from a historical drama.

English speakers often use 'but' in almost every situation, formal or informal. In Hindi, you must learn to split 'but' into two mental categories: 'lekin/par' for speaking and casual life, and 'kintu/parantu' for writing and formal life.

Political speeches by Indian Prime Ministers on Independence Day. Classic Hindi literature by authors like Munshi Premchand. Formal news broadcasts on Doordarshan (India's public broadcaster).

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Formal Essays and Academic Writing

किन्तु यह ध्यान देने योग्य है कि (But it is worth noting that)
किन्तु इसके विपरीत (But on the contrary)
किन्तु मुख्य समस्या यह है (But the main problem is)
किन्तु निष्कर्ष के तौर पर (But in conclusion)

News Reporting and Journalism

किन्तु सूत्रों का कहना है (But sources say)
किन्तु सरकार का दावा है (But the government claims)
किन्तु विपक्ष का आरोप है (But the opposition alleges)
किन्तु अभी तक कोई पुष्टि नहीं हुई है (But there is no confirmation yet)

Business and Official Correspondence

किन्तु बजट की कमी के कारण (But due to lack of budget)
किन्तु प्रबंधन के निर्णय अनुसार (But according to management's decision)
किन्तु हमें खेद है कि (But we regret that)
किन्तु अगली बैठक में (But in the next meeting)

Debates and Formal Speeches

किन्तु मैं यह पूछना चाहता हूँ (But I want to ask)
किन्तु यह तर्कसंगत नहीं है (But this is not logical)
किन्तु वास्तविकता इससे भिन्न है (But the reality is different from this)
किन्तु हमें यह नहीं भूलना चाहिए (But we must not forget)

Literature and Storytelling

किन्तु नियति को कुछ और ही मंजूर था (But destiny had something else in mind)
किन्तु उसके मन में एक संदेह था (But there was a doubt in his mind)
किन्तु रात बहुत गहरी थी (But the night was very deep)
किन्तु वह चुप रहा (But he remained silent)

대화 시작하기

"Did you notice how the news anchor used 'किन्तु' to transition between the two opposing political statements?"

"When writing your Hindi essay, try replacing 'लेकिन' with 'किन्तु' to make your arguments sound more academic and formal."

"I find it fascinating that Hindi has different words for 'but' depending on whether you are talking to a friend or writing a letter. Do you use 'किन्तु' often?"

"Have you ever heard someone use 'किन्तु' in a casual conversation? It sounds almost like they are reciting a poem or acting in a play!"

"Let's practice our formal Hindi. Tell me about a problem in your city using 'किन्तु' to contrast the good and the bad aspects."

일기 주제

Write a short formal paragraph about the impact of social media. Use 'किन्तु' to contrast its benefits with its drawbacks.

Describe a historical event where a leader made a difficult decision. Use 'किन्तु' to show the opposing factors they had to consider.

Write a formal letter of complaint to a company. Praise one aspect of their service, 'किन्तु' (but) explain the major issue you faced.

Reflect on a personal goal that is difficult to achieve. State your determination, 'किन्तु' acknowledge the obstacles in your path.

Summarize a recent news article you read. Use 'किन्तु' to connect the main event with an unexpected outcome or complication.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

You can, but it will sound very strange and overly formal. It is like using 'nevertheless' or 'notwithstanding' in a casual chat. It is much better to use 'लेकिन' (lekin) or 'पर' (par) with friends.

No, there is no difference in their core meaning. Both translate to 'but' or 'however'. The only difference is their level of formality and their linguistic origin (Sanskrit vs. Persian).

In formal written Hindi, yes, it is highly recommended to place a comma (अल्पविराम) before 'किन्तु' to separate the two clauses clearly. In spoken Hindi, you naturally pause instead.

Yes, especially in formal writing or journalism. It can be used at the beginning of a sentence to contrast the entire new sentence with the ideas presented in the previous sentence or paragraph.

It is an idiom that means 'to make excuses' or 'to raise unnecessary objections'. If someone tells you 'किन्तु-परन्तु मत करो', they mean 'Don't give me ifs and buts, just do it'.

Both are highly formal Tatsam (Sanskrit) words. However, 'परन्तु' is generally considered slightly more rigid and formal than 'किन्तु'. You will see 'परन्तु' more often in legal documents.

No, that is a grammatical error called redundancy. Since they mean the exact same thing, using them together (e.g., 'लेकिन किन्तु') is incorrect. Choose one based on the formality of the context.

News broadcasts aim for a formal, authoritative, and neutral tone. Using Sanskritized vocabulary like 'किन्तु' helps establish this professional register, distinguishing the news from casual entertainment.

Rarely in modern, casual dialogues. However, you will hear it frequently in historical dramas, mythological films (like those based on the Ramayana or Mahabharata), or in scenes depicting formal courtrooms or academic settings.

Use 'किन्तु' (but) when the second part of the sentence is a surprise or a contrast to the first part. Use 'इसलिए' (therefore) when the second part is a logical result of the first part.

셀프 테스트 200 질문

writing

Write a simple sentence using 'किन्तु' to connect these two ideas: 'The food is good' and 'It is expensive'.