B1 · 중급 챕터 30

Advanced Passive Constructions

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Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of indirect speech by learning how to focus on actions instead of agents.

  • Identify the unintentional 'ter-' passive construction.
  • Formulate passive sentences without specifying an actor.
  • Select the most natural voice for formal and informal contexts.
Shift your focus, master the Indonesian passive voice.

배울 내용

Explores 'ter-' passive and agentless passive structures. Teaches nuances in passive voice usage.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Describe accidents or unintentional events using the 'ter-' prefix.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Write formal reports using agentless passive constructions.

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

No Agent

Never use 'oleh' with ter-.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ter- Passive
💡

Check the Prefix

Always ensure you remove 'me-' before adding 'di-'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agentless Passive
💡

Use 'bahwa'

Always include 'bahwa' after the passive reporting verb to connect the clause.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Nuances
💡

Focus on the Object

Always identify the object first before forming the passive sentence.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive vs Active Choice

핵심 어휘 (6)

terbawa carried away unintentionally dilakukan is done terlihat seen/visible disimpan is stored perubahan change tujuan goal/objective

Real-World Preview

alert-triangle

Reporting an Accident

Review Summary

  • ter- + verb
  • di- + verb
  • Context-dependent
  • Active vs Passive

자주 하는 실수

The 'ter-' passive is not used with an agent (saya). It describes the object's state.

Wrong: Saya terpecah piring.
정답: Piringnya terpecah.

In Indonesian, active is preferred over adding 'oleh' (by) unless necessary for emphasis.

Wrong: Dibersihkan oleh saya.
정답: Saya membersihkan.

Agentless passive is best when the actor is obvious or irrelevant.

Wrong: Toko ditutup oleh mereka.
정답: Toko ditutup.

Next Steps

You've tackled a challenging topic with grace. Keep practicing, and these structures will soon feel second nature!

Write a 5-sentence summary of your day using only passive voice.

Continue to: Conditional Sentences

빠른 연습 (10)

Fill in the blank.

___ bahwa dia akan datang.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dikatakan
Passive verb needed.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Nuances

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Pintu itu tertutup.
State passive.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ter- Passive

Fill in the blank.

Gelas itu ___ (fall).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: terjatuh
Accidental action.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ter- Passive

Choose the correct passive sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nasi dimakan oleh saya.
Correct structure is Object + di-Verb + oleh + Subject.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive vs Active Choice

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Dikatakan oleh bahwa dia sakit.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dikatakan bahwa dia sakit.
Remove 'oleh'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Nuances

Fill in the correct passive prefix.

Buku itu ___baca oleh Andi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: di
Passive voice uses the 'di-' prefix.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive vs Active Choice

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dikatakan bahwa dia menang.
Correct structure.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Nuances

Fill in the blank.

___ bahwa rapat ditunda.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ditetapkan
Passive verb.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Nuances

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Rumah itu dibangunkan oleh mereka.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Rumah itu dibangun oleh mereka.
Remove the unnecessary '-kan' suffix.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive vs Active Choice

Select the correct form.

___ (dicuci) baju itu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Baju itu dicuci
Standard word order.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agentless Passive

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

No, ter- verbs do not take an agent.
No, it also indicates states or potential.
No, use it when the object is the focus.
Yes, it is a prefix.
Yes, but only if you are specifying the source, e.g., 'Dikatakan oleh saksi bahwa...'.
It is used in formal or serious conversations, but 'katanya' is more common for casual talk.
이전 챕터
Complex Sentence Structures
다음 챕터
Conditional Sentences
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