B1 · 中级 章节 30

Advanced Passive Constructions

4 总规则
1 分钟
本章规则 快速练习

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of indirect speech by learning how to focus on actions instead of agents.

  • Identify the unintentional 'ter-' passive construction.
  • Formulate passive sentences without specifying an actor.
  • Select the most natural voice for formal and informal contexts.
Shift your focus, master the Indonesian passive voice.

你将学到什么

Explores 'ter-' passive and agentless passive structures. Teaches nuances in passive voice usage.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Describe accidents or unintentional events using the 'ter-' prefix.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Write formal reports using agentless passive constructions.

技巧与窍门 (4)

💡

No Agent

Never use 'oleh' with ter-.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ter- Passive
💡

Check the Prefix

Always ensure you remove 'me-' before adding 'di-'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agentless Passive
💡

Use 'bahwa'

Always include 'bahwa' after the passive reporting verb to connect the clause.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Nuances
💡

Focus on the Object

Always identify the object first before forming the passive sentence.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive vs Active Choice

核心词汇 (6)

terbawa carried away unintentionally dilakukan is done terlihat seen/visible disimpan is stored perubahan change tujuan goal/objective

Real-World Preview

alert-triangle

Reporting an Accident

Review Summary

  • ter- + verb
  • di- + verb
  • Context-dependent
  • Active vs Passive

常见错误

The 'ter-' passive is not used with an agent (saya). It describes the object's state.

Wrong: Saya terpecah piring.
正确: Piringnya terpecah.

In Indonesian, active is preferred over adding 'oleh' (by) unless necessary for emphasis.

Wrong: Dibersihkan oleh saya.
正确: Saya membersihkan.

Agentless passive is best when the actor is obvious or irrelevant.

Wrong: Toko ditutup oleh mereka.
正确: Toko ditutup.

Next Steps

You've tackled a challenging topic with grace. Keep practicing, and these structures will soon feel second nature!

Write a 5-sentence summary of your day using only passive voice.

Continue to: Conditional Sentences

快速练习 (10)

Select the formal version.

Which is more formal?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dikatakan bahwa dia datang.
Passive reporting is more formal.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Nuances

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Dikatakan oleh bahwa dia sakit.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dikatakan bahwa dia sakit.
Remove 'oleh'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Nuances

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Rumah itu dibangunkan oleh mereka.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Rumah itu dibangun oleh mereka.
Remove the unnecessary '-kan' suffix.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive vs Active Choice

Fill in the blank with the correct passive form of 'baca'.

Buku itu ___ oleh saya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dibaca
Passive of 'baca' is 'dibaca'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agentless Passive

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Dompet itu tertinggal oleh saya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dompet itu tertinggal.
No agent.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ter- Passive

Fill in the correct passive prefix.

Buku itu ___baca oleh Andi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: di
Passive voice uses the 'di-' prefix.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive vs Active Choice

Fill in the blank.

___ bahwa dia akan datang.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dikatakan
Passive verb needed.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Nuances

Fill in the blank.

Gelas itu ___ (fall).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: terjatuh
Accidental action.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Ter- Passive

Find the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Surat itu dimenulis.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ditulis
Remove 'me-' prefix.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Agentless Passive

Fill in the blank.

___ bahwa rapat ditunda.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ditetapkan
Passive verb.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Nuances

Score: /10

常见问题 (6)

No, ter- verbs do not take an agent.
No, it also indicates states or potential.
No, use it when the object is the focus.
Yes, it is a prefix.
Yes, but only if you are specifying the source, e.g., 'Dikatakan oleh saksi bahwa...'.
It is used in formal or serious conversations, but 'katanya' is more common for casual talk.
上一章
Complex Sentence Structures
下一章
Conditional Sentences
返回学习路线