When you want to express the act of counting something, use hitung. It's a versatile verb and you'll hear it frequently in everyday conversations. For example, if you're tallying up items, or even calculating numbers, hitung is the word you'll use. Keep in mind that like many Indonesian verbs, it can also be part of a compound word to create more specific meanings related to counting or calculation.
When we want to tell someone to count, we can use the word 'hitung'. It's a versatile verb that directly translates to 'count' in English. You'll often see it used in various contexts, from counting numbers to counting objects. It's a foundational word for expressing quantity and enumeration.
§ What 'Hitung' Means
The Indonesian word hitung (CEFR A1) means "to count" in English. It's a basic verb you'll use all the time. Think of counting money, counting people, or just counting from one to ten. That's when you use hitung.
- DEFINITION
- To count, to calculate, to reckon.
You'll hear and use hitung in many everyday situations. If you're at the market and want to know how many apples you have, you'd hitung them. If you're figuring out how much change you should get, you're also using hitung.
Saya akan hitung uang ini. (I will count this money.)
Tolong hitung berapa orang di ruangan ini. (Please count how many people are in this room.)
§ When to Use 'Hitung'
You use hitung whenever you need to determine the total number or amount of something. Here are some common scenarios:
- Counting objects: From apples to books, if you're tallying them up, you use hitung.
- Counting people: When you need a headcount for an event or in a room.
- Counting money: Essential for shopping, budgeting, or dealing with cash.
- Simple arithmetic: While hitung is primarily "to count," it can also extend to basic calculations like addition or subtraction, especially in a more general sense of "figuring out" a number.
- Time-related counting: For example, counting days, weeks, or months.
Let's look at more examples to make it clearer:
Bisakah kamu hitung berapa banyak pensil di meja? (Can you count how many pencils are on the table?)
Dia sedang hitung hari sampai liburan. (He is counting the days until the holiday.)
You'll find that hitung is a very straightforward word. Don't overthink it. If you'd say "count" in English, you'll likely use hitung in Indonesian.
§ Understanding 'Hitung'
The Indonesian word for 'to count' is hitung. It's a versatile verb you'll use often. Like many Indonesian verbs, it can appear in different forms depending on how it's used in a sentence.
- DEFINITION
- To count
Let's look at its basic usage first.
Saya bisa hitung sampai sepuluh.
This means 'I can count to ten.' Here, hitung is used directly after the modal verb 'bisa' (can).
§ Common Prefixes with 'Hitung'
Indonesian verbs often combine with prefixes to change their meaning or grammatical function. For hitung, the most common prefixes are:
- Me- (menghitung): This is the active verb form, meaning 'to count' or 'counting.'
- Di- (dihitung): This is the passive verb form, meaning 'counted.'
- Ber- (berhitung): This means 'to do counting' or 'to calculate' (often implies a process of counting or calculating).
- Ter- (terhitung): Can mean 'counted as' or 'included in the count.'
§ Using 'Menghitung' (Active Voice)
'Menghitung' is what you'll use most of the time when someone is actively counting something.
Dia sedang menghitung uang.
This translates to 'He/She is counting money.' 'Sedang' indicates an ongoing action.
Tolong menghitung berapa apel yang ada.
Here, 'Please count how many apples there are.' 'Tolong' means 'please'.
§ Using 'Dihitung' (Passive Voice)
'Dihitung' is used when the action of counting is done to the subject.
Jumlah siswa dihitung setiap pagi.
This means 'The number of students is counted every morning.' The students are being counted.
Semua barang sudah dihitung.
'All items have been counted.'
§ Using 'Berhitung' (To Calculate/Do Counting)
'Berhitung' often implies the act or process of counting, or performing a calculation. It can be more general than 'menghitung'.
Anak-anak belajar berhitung di sekolah.
'Children learn to count/do arithmetic at school.'
Sebelum membuat keputusan, sebaiknya kita berhitung dulu.
'Before making a decision, it's best for us to calculate/consider first.' Here, it means more 'to weigh the pros and cons' or 'to think carefully', not just simple counting.
§ Using 'Terhitung' (Counted As/Included)
'Terhitung' is often used to say something is counted as part of a group or included in a total.
Dia terhitung sebagai anggota baru.
'He/She is counted as a new member.'
Waktu liburan tidak terhitung hari kerja.
'Holiday time is not counted as working days.'
§ Don't confuse 'hitung' with 'kira' or 'jumlah'
Many learners get confused between 'hitung', 'kira', and 'jumlah'. While they are related to numbers, their meanings and usage are distinct.
- DEFINITION
- Hitung means 'to count' or 'to calculate' specifically by tallying individual items or performing a mathematical operation.
Bisakah kamu hitung berapa banyak apel di keranjang?
Tolong hitung total biayanya.
- DEFINITION
- Kira means 'to estimate' or 'to guess'. It implies an approximation, not a precise count or calculation.
Saya kira ada sekitar seratus orang di sana.
- DEFINITION
- Jumlah means 'total' or 'amount', referring to the result of an addition or count, or a quantity in general. As a verb, it's less common to use 'jumlah' directly for 'to count' but more for 'to sum up'.
Berapa jumlah siswa di kelas ini?
§ Using 'menghitung' vs 'hitung'
You'll often see 'menghitung' instead of 'hitung'. This is due to the 'me-' prefix, which is very common in Indonesian verbs.
- Hitung: This is the root word. It can be used as a command or in certain informal contexts.
- Menghitung: This is the active verb form. It means 'to be counting' or 'to count' in a general sense.
Hitung dari satu sampai sepuluh!
Dia sedang menghitung uangnya.
§ Incorrect word order
Indonesian grammar often follows a Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) structure, similar to English. However, in commands or when emphasizing, the word order can shift. Ensure 'hitung' is placed correctly in your sentences.
Correct:
Guru meminta siswa untuk menghitung benda.
Incorrect (common mistake):
Guru meminta siswa benda menghitung.
수준별 예문
Saya bisa hitung satu sampai sepuluh.
I can count one to ten.
Basic ability to count.
Tolong hitung buku-buku itu.
Please count those books.
Polite request to count objects.
Dia suka hitung bintang di malam hari.
He/She likes to count stars at night.
Expressing a preference or hobby.
Mari kita hitung uang ini.
Let's count this money.
An invitation to count something together.
Berapa banyak siswa? Mari kita hitung.
How many students? Let's count them.
Question and subsequent action to count.
Anak kecil itu belajar hitung.
That small child is learning to count.
Describing someone learning a skill.
Jangan lupa hitung barang-barangmu.
Don't forget to count your belongings.
A reminder to count.
Saya harus hitung semua apel.
I have to count all the apples.
Expressing an obligation or necessity.
Para akuntan sedang menghitung total keuntungan perusahaan bulan ini.
The accountants are counting the company's total profit this month.
Prefix 'meng-' with root 'hitung' becomes 'menghitung' (to count/calculate).
Sulit sekali menghitung jumlah bintang di langit malam.
It's very difficult to count the number of stars in the night sky.
Here, 'menghitung' means to enumerate or tally.
Saya harus menghitung berapa banyak tamu yang akan datang ke pesta.
I need to count how many guests will come to the party.
'Menghitung' is used for determining a quantity.
Dia menghitung mundur dari sepuluh sebelum melompat ke kolam.
He counted down from ten before jumping into the pool.
'Menghitung mundur' means to count down.
Pemerintah sedang menghitung kerugian akibat bencana alam itu.
The government is calculating the losses due to the natural disaster.
In this context, 'menghitung' implies calculation or assessment.
Kita harus menghitung setiap pengeluaran agar tidak boros.
We must count every expense so as not to be wasteful.
'Menghitung' here emphasizes keeping track of expenditures.
Guru meminta siswa untuk menghitung jumlah kursi di kelas.
The teacher asked the students to count the number of chairs in the classroom.
A straightforward use of 'menghitung' for basic counting.
Setelah menghitung semua suara, pemenang kontes akhirnya diumumkan.
After counting all the votes, the contest winner was finally announced.
Past tense implied by 'setelah' (after) and the context of completion.
Pemerintah sedang menghitung dampak ekonomi dari kebijakan baru ini.
The government is calculating the economic impact of this new policy.
Menghitung (to calculate) is the active form of hitung, often used for more complex counting or calculation.
Setelah insiden itu, mereka menghitung kerugian yang dialami perusahaan.
After the incident, they assessed the losses incurred by the company.
Menghitung kerugian (to assess losses) implies a more detailed evaluation than simple counting.
Dia menghitung setiap langkah dengan cermat sebelum membuat keputusan penting.
He considered every step carefully before making an important decision.
Menghitung setiap langkah (to consider every step) suggests a thoughtful and deliberate process.
Para ahli sedang menghitung probabilitas kejadian serupa di masa depan.
Experts are calculating the probability of similar events in the future.
Menghitung probabilitas (to calculate probability) is a specific application of 'hitung' in a statistical context.
Kita harus menghitung semua faktor risiko sebelum memulai proyek ini.
We must account for all risk factors before starting this project.
Menghitung semua faktor (to account for all factors) means to take everything into consideration.
Penting untuk menghitung setiap pengeluaran agar anggaran tidak membengkak.
It's important to monitor every expenditure so the budget doesn't swell.
Menghitung setiap pengeluaran (to monitor every expenditure) implies keeping a close watch on finances.
Meskipun sulit, dia berhasil menghitung semua data yang rumit itu.
Although difficult, he managed to process all that complex data.
Menghitung data (to process data) refers to the act of working through information.
Dalam strategi jangka panjang, kita harus menghitung potensi pertumbuhan pasar.
In the long-term strategy, we must factor in the potential market growth.
Menghitung potensi (to factor in potential) means to consider future possibilities.
문법 패턴
문장 패턴
Subjek + hitung + objek (opsional)
Saya hitung satu sampai sepuluh. (I count one to ten.)
Subjek + sedang + hitung + objek (opsional)
Dia sedang hitung uang. (She is counting money.)
Jangan + hitung + objek (opsional)
Jangan hitung telur sebelum menetas. (Don't count your chickens before they hatch.)
Ayo + hitung + objek (opsional)
Ayo hitung bintang. (Let's count the stars.)
Bisakah kamu + hitung + objek (opsional)?
Bisakah kamu hitung ada berapa orang? (Can you count how many people there are?)
Saya perlu + hitung + objek (opsional)
Saya perlu hitung totalnya. (I need to count the total.)
Sudah + hitung + objek (opsional)?
Sudah hitung semua? (Have you counted everything?)
Saya tidak bisa + hitung + objek (opsional)
Saya tidak bisa hitung secepat itu. (I cannot count that fast.)
셀프 테스트 6 질문
Anak-anak sedang belajar ___ dari satu sampai sepuluh.
The children are learning to 'count' from one to ten. 'Menghitung' is the correct form of 'hitung' in this context.
Bisakah kamu ___ berapa banyak apel yang ada di keranjang?
Can you 'count' how many apples are in the basket? 'Menghitung' is the correct verb.
Saya harus ___ uang kembalian setelah berbelanja.
I have to 'count' the change after shopping. 'Menghitung' is the appropriate verb.
Sebelum kita pergi, mari kita ___ jumlah peserta.
Before we go, let's 'count' the number of participants. 'Menghitung' fits the context.
Dia selalu hati-hati saat ___ poin dalam permainan.
He is always careful when 'counting' points in a game. 'Menghitung' is the correct verb.
Kita perlu ___ stok barang setiap bulan.
We need to 'count' the inventory every month. 'Menghitung' is the appropriate verb here.
/ 6 correct
Perfect score!
