When you're just starting to learn Japanese, it's good to know some basic words for people. One useful word is 犯人 (hannin).
This word means 'criminal' or 'culprit.' You might hear it in news stories or see it in simple mysteries.
For example, if someone breaks the law, they could be called a 犯人. It's a straightforward word to describe someone who has committed a crime.
When we talk about someone who committed a crime, the Japanese word for them is 犯人 (hannin). This noun directly translates to 'criminal' or 'culprit'. You'll often hear this word in news reports or detective stories when identifying the person responsible for a wrongful act. It's a straightforward term to describe the individual who broke the law.
When talking about someone who committed a crime, the Japanese word is 犯人 (hannin). This noun directly translates to 'criminal' or 'culprit'.
You'll often hear 犯人 used in news reports or detective stories when the identity of the person who committed the crime is being discussed. It's a straightforward word to describe the person responsible for a criminal act.
When talking about someone who committed a crime, the Japanese word you'll often hear is 犯人 (hannin). This noun directly translates to "criminal" or "perpetrator." It's a useful term to know when discussing news, detective stories, or any situation involving law enforcement.
For example, if you want to say "The criminal was caught," you would say 「犯人が捕まった」 (Hannin ga tsukamatta). Or, if you're asking "Who is the criminal?" you can say 「犯人は誰ですか」 (Hannin wa dare desu ka?).
While 犯人 specifically refers to the person who committed the crime, it's a general term. It doesn't specify the type of crime or imply a conviction, just that they are the one who committed the act.
When discussing legal matters or crimes in Japanese, you'll frequently encounter the word 犯人 (hannin). This noun directly translates to 'criminal' or 'culprit' in English.
It's a straightforward term used to refer to the person who committed a crime. While there are other terms related to crime, 犯人 specifically points to the perpetrator.
Understanding this word is crucial for following news reports, crime dramas, or any conversation involving unlawful acts in Japan. It's a common and practical vocabulary item for anyone interested in real-world Japanese usage.
犯人 30초 만에
- perpetrator
- culprit
- offender
§ Understanding 犯人 (hannin)
So, you've learned the word 犯人 (hannin), which means "criminal" in Japanese. That's a good start. But knowing a word isn't enough; you need to know how to use it correctly in a sentence. Let's break it down.
- Japanese Word
- 犯人 (hannin)
- Part of Speech
- Noun
- CEFR Level
- B1
- Definition
- Criminal, culprit, offender.
§ Basic Sentence Structure with 犯人
Like most nouns in Japanese, you'll often see 犯人 used with particles to indicate its role in a sentence. The most common particle you'll encounter is が (ga) when 犯人 is the subject, or を (o) if it's the direct object.
犯人が逃げた。
Translation hint: The criminal escaped.
警察は犯人を捕まえた。
Translation hint: The police caught the criminal.
§ Describing the Criminal
You can also use 犯人 in combination with adjectives or clauses to describe the criminal. This is where your sentence structure starts getting a little more complex, but it's important for natural-sounding Japanese.
恐ろしい犯人だった。
Translation hint: It was a terrifying criminal.
Here, 恐ろしい (osoroshii - terrifying) directly modifies 犯人.
金庫を破った犯人は捕まった。
Translation hint: The criminal who broke the safe was caught.
In this case, 金庫を破った (kinko o yabutta - broke the safe) is a relative clause modifying 犯人.
§ Using 犯人 with other particles
While が and を are very common, you'll also see 犯人 with other particles depending on the nuance you want to convey.
に (ni): Can indicate the target of an action or location.
犯人に近づいた。
Translation hint: Approached the criminal.
から (kara): Can indicate the source or origin.
犯人から連絡があった。
Translation hint: There was contact from the criminal.
の (no): Indicates possession or describes the following noun.
犯人の目的は何ですか？
Translation hint: What is the criminal's motive/purpose?
§ Common phrases and expressions
You'll often hear 犯人 in specific contexts related to crime and investigation. Knowing these common phrases will make your understanding more practical.
犯人を見つける (hannin o mitsukeru): To find the criminal.
警察は早く犯人を見つけたい。
Translation hint: The police want to find the criminal quickly.
犯人を捕まえる (hannin o tsukamaeru): To catch/arrest the criminal.
ついに犯人を捕まえた！
Translation hint: Finally caught the criminal!
犯人は誰だ (hannin wa dare da): Who is the criminal?
この事件の犯人は誰だ？
Translation hint: Who is the criminal of this case?
By practicing these sentence patterns and paying attention to particles, you'll be able to use 犯人 confidently and accurately in your Japanese conversations and writing. Keep reviewing and trying to make your own sentences!
§ Don't confuse 犯人 with other similar words
While 犯人 (hannin) specifically means 'criminal' or 'offender,' Japanese has several words that might seem similar but have distinct nuances. Understanding these differences is crucial for accurate communication.
- 容疑者 (yōgisha): This means 'suspect.' A 容疑者 is someone who is suspected of a crime but hasn't been proven guilty. A 犯人, on the other hand, is the person who actually committed the crime. Think of it like this: all 犯人 were once 容疑者, but not all 容疑者 become 犯人.
- Hint
- The police arrested the suspect.
- 犯罪者 (hanzaisha): This also means 'criminal,' but it often carries a broader, more general sense than 犯人. 犯罪者 can refer to someone who habitually commits crimes or has a criminal record. 犯人 typically refers to the perpetrator of a specific crime. You might hear 犯罪者 when talking about the criminal class or repeat offenders.
- Hint
- He is a famous criminal.
- 罪人 (zainin): This is an older, more formal, and sometimes literary word for 'sinner' or 'culprit.' It often has a moral or religious connotation. While a 犯人 could be considered a 罪人, the latter word isn't commonly used in everyday conversation to simply mean 'criminal.'
- Hint
- He was suffering from his sense of being a sinner/culprit.
警察は容疑者を逮捕した。
彼は有名な犯罪者だ。
彼は自分の罪人意識に苦しんでいた。
§ Incorrect usage with verbs
Another common mistake is to use 犯人 incorrectly with verbs that describe the act of committing a crime. 犯人 is the person who commits the crime, not the action itself.
- Don't say: 犯人が犯しました (hannin ga han shimashita). This is redundant and grammatically awkward. 「犯しました」 (han shimashita) means 'committed (a crime),' and the subject already implies the criminal.
- Do say: 犯人が逮捕された (hannin ga taiho sareta). The criminal was arrested.
- Hint
- The police finally arrested the criminal.
- Do say: 彼は犯人だ (kare wa hannin da). He is the criminal.
- Hint
- From the security camera footage, it became clear that he was the criminal.
警察はついに犯人を逮捕した。
監視カメラの映像から、彼が犯人だと判明した。
§ Overusing 犯人 in general conversation
While 犯人 is a common word in news reports or crime dramas, in everyday conversations among friends, you might find more indirect ways to refer to a person who committed a wrongdoing, especially if it's not a serious crime. For minor offenses or mistakes, words like 「悪い人」 (warui hito - bad person) or even just describing the action are more natural.
- If someone broke something accidentally, you wouldn't typically call them a 犯人. You'd say something like 「誰がこれを壊したの？」 (dare ga kore o kowashita no? - Who broke this?).
- Hint
- I'm the one who broke the vase. I'm the culprit (in a lighthearted way).
花瓶を壊したのは私です。私が犯人です。
This example uses 犯人 in a playful or self-deprecating way for a minor mishap, which is acceptable. However, using it for serious matters is its primary function.
§ Understanding 犯人 (hannin)
You've learned that 犯人 (hannin) means 'criminal'. It's a straightforward word, but like many words, its usage can have subtle differences compared to English. Let's break down when and how to use it, and look at some similar words you might encounter.
- DEFINITION
- 犯人 (hannin) refers to a person who has committed a crime, whether they have been proven guilty or are just suspected. It's a general term for 'criminal' or 'culprit'.
§ Common Uses of 犯人 (hannin)
犯人 is widely used in news reports, detective stories, and everyday conversations when discussing someone who has committed a crime. It can refer to:
- The person who actually committed the crime.
- A suspect in a crime.
- A fugitive.
It's a very common term, so you'll hear it often. Think of it as the go-to word for 'criminal' in most situations.
犯人はまだ捕まっていません。
Hint: The criminal has not been caught yet.
警察は犯人を捜しています。
Hint: The police are looking for the criminal.
§ Similar Words and Their Nuances
While 犯人 is a solid word to know, Japanese has other terms related to crime and criminals. Knowing the differences will help you choose the most appropriate word.
犯罪者 (hanzaisha) - Criminal/Offender
犯罪者 (hanzaisha) also means 'criminal', but it tends to have a more formal and legalistic feel than 犯人. It emphasizes the person as an 'offender' or someone who has committed a 'crime' (犯罪, hanzai).
- WHEN TO USE
- Use 犯罪者 when discussing criminals in a more general, legal, or sociological context. It's often used when talking about criminal statistics, rehabilitation, or the nature of crime itself. It implies a person who has been legally determined to have committed a crime.
犯罪者の再犯率が高い。
Hint: The recidivism rate of criminals is high.
容疑者 (yōgisha) - Suspect
容疑者 (yōgisha) specifically means 'suspect'. This word is used when someone is believed to have committed a crime but has not been formally charged or convicted yet.
- WHEN TO USE
- Use 容疑者 in news reports or discussions where the person's guilt is not yet confirmed, or they are still under investigation. This is a very precise term for a 'suspect'.
警察は３人の容疑者を逮捕しました。
Hint: The police arrested three suspects.
泥棒 (dorobō) - Thief
泥棒 (dorobō) is a more specific term meaning 'thief' or 'burglar'. It refers to someone who commits theft.
- WHEN TO USE
- If the crime is specifically theft, then 泥棒 is the appropriate word. It's less formal than 犯人 or 犯罪者 and can sometimes be used in a slightly more casual context (though still referring to a serious act).
泥棒が入った。
Hint: A thief broke in (the house).
強盗 (gōtō) - Robber
強盗 (gōtō) means 'robber'. This refers to someone who commits robbery, which typically involves violence or threats.
- WHEN TO USE
- Use 強盗 when the crime involves robbery. This is a very specific type of criminal.
強盗が銀行を襲った。
Hint: A robber attacked the bank.
§ Summary of Usage
Here's a quick recap to help you decide:
- 犯人 (hannin): The general word for 'criminal' or 'culprit'. Use it when the specific type of crime isn't emphasized, or when referring to the person who committed *the* crime. It can refer to a suspect or a proven criminal.
- 犯罪者 (hanzaisha): More formal, legalistic 'criminal' or 'offender'. Use in official or general discussions about crime and offenders. Implies legal determination of guilt.
- 容疑者 (yōgisha): Specifically 'suspect'. Use when the person is believed to have committed a crime but is not yet proven guilty.
- 泥棒 (dorobō): 'Thief' or 'burglar'. Use for crimes of theft.
- 強盗 (gōtō): 'Robber'. Use for crimes of robbery.
Knowing these distinctions will make your Japanese sound much more natural and precise. Start with 犯人 as your default, then branch out to the more specific terms as needed.
재미있는 사실
The character '犯' (han) means 'crime' or 'offense', and '人' (nin/jin) means 'person'. So, literally, it's a 'crime person'.
수준별 예문
犯人は逃げました。
The criminal escaped.
逃げる (nigeru) - to escape (verb)
警察は犯人を追いかけています。
The police are chasing the criminal.
追いかける (oikakeru) - to chase (verb)
犯人はまだ捕まっていません。
The criminal has not been caught yet.
捕まる (tsukamaru) - to be caught (verb)
この中に犯人がいますか。
Is the criminal among us (in here)?
この中に (kono naka ni) - among these, in here
犯人は誰ですか。
Who is the criminal?
誰 (dare) - who (interrogative pronoun)
犯人は捕まりました。
The criminal was caught.
捕まる (tsukamaru) - to be caught (verb)
犯人は証拠を残しました。
The criminal left evidence.
証拠 (shouko) - evidence (noun); 残す (nokosu) - to leave (verb)
犯人の顔を見ました。
I saw the criminal's face.
顔 (kao) - face (noun); 見る (miru) - to see (verb)
警察は犯人を捕まえました。
The police caught the criminal.
犯人はまだ見つかっていません。
The criminal has not been found yet.
彼は犯人ですか？
Is he the criminal?
犯人は逃げました。
The criminal ran away.
犯人は誰でしょう？
Who could be the criminal?
犯人は証拠を残しました。
The criminal left evidence.
犯人は勇敢な行動をした。
The criminal took a brave action.
犯人はとても賢かった。
The criminal was very clever.
警察はまだ犯人を見つけていません。
The police haven't found the criminal yet.
犯人は夜中に逃げました。
The criminal escaped in the middle of the night.
目撃者は犯人の顔を覚えています。
The witness remembers the criminal's face.
この事件の犯人は誰だと思いますか？
Who do you think is the criminal in this case?
犯人は盗んだお金を持って逃走しました。
The criminal fled with the stolen money.
防犯カメラに犯人が映っていました。
The criminal was caught on the security camera.
彼は犯人の特徴を詳しく説明しました。
He described the criminal's features in detail.
犯人は証拠を残さずに逃げたようです。
It seems the criminal escaped without leaving any evidence.
犯人はまだ捕まっていません。
The criminal has not been caught yet.
警察は犯人を捜しています。
The police are looking for the criminal.
防犯カメラが犯人の顔を捉えました。
The security camera captured the criminal's face.
犯行現場には犯人の指紋が残されていました。
The criminal's fingerprints were left at the crime scene.
目撃者は犯人の特徴を警察に伝えました。
The witness told the police the criminal's characteristics.
犯人は奪ったお金を持って逃走しました。
The criminal fled with the stolen money.
警察は犯人逮捕に向けて捜査を進めています。
The police are continuing their investigation to arrest the criminal.
結局、犯人は証拠不十分で釈放されました。
In the end, the criminal was released due to insufficient evidence.
警察はついにその犯人を逮捕した。
The police finally arrested the criminal.
～は～を逮捕した (Subject arrested Object)
犯人は現場に指紋を残していた。
The criminal left fingerprints at the scene.
～は～を残していた (Subject had left Object)
目撃者は犯人の顔を覚えていなかった。
The witness did not remember the criminal's face.
～は～を覚えていなかった (Subject did not remember Object)
この事件の犯人はまだ見つかっていない。
The criminal in this case has not been found yet.
～の犯人 (criminal of ~)
犯人は深夜に侵入した。
The criminal broke in late at night.
～は～に侵入した (Subject broke into ~ at a time)
彼は自分こそが犯人だと主張した。
He claimed that he himself was the criminal.
～こそが～だと主張した (Subject asserted that ~ indeed was ~)
犯人は証拠を隠蔽しようとした。
The criminal tried to conceal the evidence.
～は～を隠蔽しようとした (Subject tried to conceal Object)
犯人の動機は未だ不明である。
The criminal's motive is still unknown.
～の動機 (motive of ~)
犯人はまだ捕まっていない。
The criminal has not been caught yet.
警察は犯人の行方を追っている。
The police are pursuing the criminal's whereabouts.
犯行現場には犯人のものと思われる指紋が残されていた。
Fingerprints believed to belong to the criminal were left at the crime scene.
目撃者の証言から、犯人の特徴が明らかになった。
From the witness's testimony, the criminal's characteristics became clear.
犯人は逃走経路を綿密に計画していたようだ。
It seems the criminal had meticulously planned their escape route.
多くの人が犯人の逮捕を願っている。
Many people hope for the criminal's arrest.
犯人の動機は未だ不明である。
The criminal's motive is still unknown.
防犯カメラの映像が犯人特定の手がかりとなるか期待されている。
It is hoped that security camera footage will provide a clue to identifying the criminal.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
警察が犯人を捕まえた。
The police caught the criminal.
犯人はまだ逃走中だ。
The criminal is still on the run.
防犯カメラに犯人が映っていた。
The criminal was caught on the security camera.
犯人の動機は何だろう？
What could be the criminal's motive?
彼は犯人の顔を見た。
He saw the criminal's face.
犯人の特徴を教えてください。
Please tell me the criminal's characteristics.
犯人は逮捕されましたか？
Has the criminal been arrested?
真犯人は別にいた。
There was another, true criminal.
この事件の犯人は誰だ？
Who is the criminal in this case?
犯人が自ら警察に出頭した。
The criminal voluntarily turned himself in to the police.
자주 혼동되는 단어
Suspect. Someone *suspected* of a crime.
Offender/Criminal. A general term for someone who has committed a crime.
Bad person/Villain. A moral judgment, not necessarily a criminal.
문법 패턴
혼동하기 쉬운
Both '犯人' and '容疑者' refer to someone suspected of a crime, leading to confusion about their precise legal and contextual differences.
'容疑者' means 'suspect,' someone *suspected* of committing a crime but not yet proven guilty or formally charged. '犯人' is typically used for the 'criminal' or 'culprit' who has actually committed the crime, or is strongly believed to have done so, even before conviction. Think of '容疑者' as 'potential犯人'.
警察は新しい容疑者を追っています。(The police are pursuing a new suspect.)
Both terms relate to people involved in crimes, making it easy to mix up when to use each.
'犯罪者' is a broader term meaning 'offender' or 'criminal' in general, referring to anyone who has committed a crime, whether or not they've been caught or convicted. '犯人' specifically refers to the person who committed *a particular crime* or *the crime in question*.
彼は有名な犯罪者です。(He is a well-known criminal.)
Both words describe bad people, but their nuance is quite different.
'悪人' means 'bad person' or 'villain.' It's a moral judgment about someone's character, not necessarily someone who has committed a specific crime. '犯人' is about the act of committing a crime.
物語の中の悪人はいつも負けます。(The villain in the story always loses.)
Both can be the person who causes harm, but '加害者' is more general.
'加害者' means 'perpetrator' or 'assailant,' the person who inflicts damage or harm. While a '犯人' is often a '加害者,' '加害者' can apply to situations that aren't legally crimes (e.g., someone who accidentally hurts another). '犯人' specifically refers to the criminal of a particular crime.
その事故の加害者はまだ見つかっていません。(The perpetrator of that accident has not yet been found.)
Both refer to someone who commits a crime, but '泥棒' is specific.
'泥棒' specifically means 'thief' or 'burglar,' someone who steals. '犯人' is a general term for any criminal who commits *any* crime, not just theft.
泥棒が家から宝石を盗んだ。(A thief stole jewels from the house.)
문장 패턴
X は Y です。
彼 は 犯人 です。
X は Y を V ます。
警察 は 犯人 を 捕まえ ます。
X は Y が Z ます。
彼 は 犯人 が 逃げ た の を 見 まし た。
어휘 가족
명사
동사
사용법
The word 犯人 (han'nin) directly translates to 'criminal' or 'culprit.' It refers to the person who committed a crime. You'll often hear this in news reports, detective stories, or legal contexts. It's a fairly straightforward word.
A common mistake might be confusing 犯人 (han'nin) with words like 泥棒 (dorobō) which means 'thief,' or 強盗 (gōtō) which means 'robber.' While a thief or robber is a type of criminal, 犯人 is a more general term for anyone who has committed a crime, regardless of the specific type. Another mistake could be using it for someone who is merely suspected but not yet proven to be guilty; in such cases, you might hear words like 容疑者 (yōgisha) meaning 'suspect.'
팁
Basic Meaning of 犯人
The most straightforward meaning of 犯人 (hannin) is criminal or perpetrator. It refers to the person who committed a crime.
Contextual Use in News
You'll frequently encounter 犯人 in news reports about crimes. For example, 「犯人が捕まった」 (Hannin ga tsukamatta) means "The criminal was caught."
Not Just for Major Crimes
While often used for serious offenses, 犯人 can also refer to someone who committed a minor transgression, like the person who stole a cookie. It's about the act of committing something wrong.
Difference from 容疑者 (Yōgisha)
Don't confuse 犯人 with 容疑者 (yōgisha), which means suspect. A 容疑者 is someone believed to have committed a crime, while a 犯人 is someone who *did* commit it (or is definitively identified as such).
Kanji Breakdown: 犯 (Han)
The first kanji, 犯 (han), means crime, offense, or transgression. This helps reinforce the meaning of the word.
Kanji Breakdown: 人 (Nin)
The second kanji, 人 (nin/hito), simply means person. So, literally, 犯人 is a 'crime person'.
Example Sentence: 犯人を捜す
「警察は犯人を捜しています。」 (Keisatsu wa hannin o sagashite imasu.) translates to "The police are searching for the criminal."
Example Sentence: 犯行現場
While not 犯人 itself, 犯行現場 (hankō genba) means crime scene, showing how 犯 is used in related vocabulary.
Usage in Mystery Stories
You'll often hear "犯人は誰だ？" (Hannin wa dare da?) in mystery novels or TV shows, meaning "Who is the culprit?"
Formal vs. Informal
犯人 is a neutral term, suitable for both formal and informal contexts when referring to a criminal.
어원
Sino-Japanese
원래 의미: Offender/culprit
Japanese (via Chinese)문화적 맥락
The term 犯人 (hannin) is quite common in Japanese media like detective stories, dramas, and news reports when referring to someone who has committed a crime. While it directly translates to 'criminal', it often carries a connotation of the 'perpetrator' or 'culprit' of a specific incident rather than a general term for someone who habitually commits crimes. It's a straightforward and frequently used word.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
Crime news and reports
- 犯人が逮捕されました。(The criminal was arrested.)
- 犯人の顔が公開された。(The criminal's face was revealed.)
- 犯人はまだ逃走中です。(The criminal is still at large.)
Detective stories or mysteries
- 犯人は誰だと思いますか？(Who do you think the criminal is?)
- ついに犯人が判明した。(Finally, the criminal was identified.)
- 犯人の動機は何だったのか？(What was the criminal's motive?)
Legal discussions
- 犯人には厳罰が下されるべきだ。(The criminal should face severe punishment.)
- 犯人は自分の罪を認めた。(The criminal admitted their guilt.)
- 犯人は無実を主張している。(The criminal is claiming innocence.)
General discussion about wrongdoing (sometimes figurative)
- 冷蔵庫のプリンを食べた犯人は誰だ？(Who's the culprit who ate the pudding in the fridge?)
- このミスをした犯人はあなたでしょう？(You're the one responsible for this mistake, aren't you?)
- 犯人はすぐに見つかるだろう。(The culprit will be found quickly.)
Preventing crime
- 犯人を捕まえるために防犯カメラを設置した。(We installed security cameras to catch the criminal.)
- 犯行現場に残された証拠。(Evidence left at the crime scene.)
- 犯行を未然に防ぐ。(Prevent a crime from happening.)
대화 시작하기
"最近、ニュースで「犯人」という言葉をよく聞きますか？どんな事件が多いですか？(Do you hear the word 'criminal' often in the news lately? What kind of incidents are common?)"
"もしあなたが探偵だったら、どんな「犯人」を捕まえたいですか？(If you were a detective, what kind of 'criminal' would you want to catch?)"
"ドラマや映画で一番印象に残っている「犯人」は誰ですか？その理由は？(Who is the most memorable 'criminal' from a drama or movie for you? Why?)"
"もし身近で何か悪いことが起こったら、「犯人」を見つけるためにどうしますか？(If something bad happened close to you, what would you do to find the 'culprit'?)"
"「犯人」という言葉を聞いて、真っ先に何を想像しますか？(What's the first thing you imagine when you hear the word 'criminal'?)"
일기 주제
あなたが小説を書くとしたら、どんな「犯人」のキャラクターを作り出しますか？その犯人の背景や動機について詳しく書いてみましょう。(If you were to write a novel, what kind of 'criminal' character would you create? Write in detail about their background and motive.)
「犯人」が捕まることで、社会にどんな影響があると思いますか？個人的な意見を書いてみましょう。(What impact do you think the capture of a 'criminal' has on society? Write your personal opinion.)
もしあなたが警察官だったら、「犯人」を追いかけることについてどんな気持ちになると思いますか？(If you were a police officer, how do you think you would feel about chasing a 'criminal'?)
「犯人」という言葉は、時に比喩的に使われます。例えば、「寝坊の犯人は自分だ」のように。他にどんな比喩的な使い方がありますか？例を挙げて説明してみましょう。(The word 'criminal' is sometimes used figuratively. For example, 'I am the culprit for oversleeping.' What other figurative uses are there? Explain with examples.)
「犯人」が犯した罪を償うことについて、あなたの考えを自由に書いてみましょう。(Write freely about your thoughts on a 'criminal' atoning for their crimes.)
셀프 테스트 114 질문
警察が_を捕まえました。(Keisatsu ga ___ o tsukamaemashita.) The police caught the ___.
The sentence implies someone was caught by the police, and 'hannin' (criminal) fits this context.
_はどこに逃げましたか。(___ wa doko ni nigemashita ka?) Where did the ___ escape to?
The verb 'nigemashita' (escaped) is typically used for a person or animal fleeing. In this context, 'hannin' (criminal) makes the most sense.
その_は悪いことをしました。(Sono ___ wa warui koto o shimashita.) That ___ did something bad.
'Warui koto o shimashita' means 'did something bad,' which directly relates to a criminal.
_の顔は怖かったです。(___ no kao wa kowakatta desu.) The ___'s face was scary.
A face can be scary, and 'hannin' (criminal) fits the context of being associated with fear.
警察は_を探しています。(Keisatsu wa ___ o sagashite imasu.) The police are looking for the ___.
The police typically look for criminals, so 'hannin' is the correct choice here.
彼は_ではありません。(Kare wa ___ dewa arimasen.) He is not the ___.
This sentence denies someone being a criminal, which is a common usage of the word.
This is the criminal.
Where is the criminal?
The criminal is Japanese.
Read this aloud:
犯人です。
Focus: はんにん (ha-n-nin)
당신의 답변:
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Read this aloud:
犯人は私じゃないです。
Focus: じゃないです (ja-nai-desu)
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
犯人は学生ですか？
Focus: がくせい (gaku-sei)
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Write a short sentence saying 'The criminal ran away.' in Japanese.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
犯人は逃げました。
Translate 'Who is the criminal?' into Japanese.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
犯人は誰ですか。
Write 'The police caught the criminal.' in Japanese.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
警察は犯人を捕まえました。
What happened to the criminal?
Read this passage:
これは私の家です。私の家に犯人が入りました。警察が犯人を捕まえました。私は安全です。
What happened to the criminal?
The passage says '警察が犯人を捕まえました。' which means 'The police caught the criminal.'
The passage says '警察が犯人を捕まえました。' which means 'The police caught the criminal.'
What is the criminal doing?
Read this passage:
犯人は走っています。彼はとても速いです。警察は彼を追いかけています。
What is the criminal doing?
The passage states '犯人は走っています。' which means 'The criminal is running.'
The passage states '犯人は走っています。' which means 'The criminal is running.'
What do we know about the criminal's face?
Read this passage:
犯人は男の人です。彼は帽子をかぶっています。彼の顔は見えません。
What do we know about the criminal's face?
The passage says '彼の顔は見えません。' meaning 'His face cannot be seen.'
The passage says '彼の顔は見えません。' meaning 'His face cannot be seen.'
警察が_を追いかけています。
The police chase a 'criminal'. '友達' (friend), '先生' (teacher), and '学生' (student) do not fit the context.
テレビで_が捕まったニュースを見ました。
You would see news about a 'criminal' being caught, not a 'cat', 'bird', or 'fish'.
その事件の_はまだ見つかっていません。
For a 'case' or 'incident', it's the 'criminal' who is sought, not a 'book', 'car', or 'house'.
警察は_の情報を集めています。
The police gather information about a 'criminal' in connection with a crime, not 'food', 'scenery', or 'weather'.
誰もが_が誰かを知りたがっている。
In the context of an unknown perpetrator, everyone wants to know who the 'criminal' is, not a 'dog', 'child', or 'doctor'.
目撃者は_の特徴を話しました。
A 'witness' would describe the characteristics of a 'criminal', not a 'building', 'tree', or 'flower' in this context.
The police are looking for someone.
Something bad happened, and someone got away.
Good news! The person responsible was caught.
Read this aloud:
犯人は男の人です。
Focus: は (wa), おとこ (otoko)
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
犯人はまだ見つかっていません。
Focus: まだ (mada), みつかっていません (mitsukatteimasen)
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
犯人は白い服を着ていました。
Focus: しろい (shiroi), ふく (fuku), きていました (kiteimashita)
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
'犯人' (hannin) means criminal. 'は' (wa) is a topic particle. 'どこ' (doko) means where. 'です' (desu) is a polite copula. 'か' (ka) makes it a question. So, 'Where is the criminal?'
'犯人' (hannin) means criminal. 'を' (o) is a direct object particle. '見ました' (mimashita) is the past tense of '見る' (miru), meaning to see. So, 'I saw the criminal.'
'その' (sono) means that. '犯人' (hannin) means criminal. 'は' (wa) is a topic particle. '危険' (kiken) means dangerous. 'です' (desu) is a polite copula. So, 'That criminal is dangerous.'
The police haven't found the criminal yet.
I heard the criminal escaped in the middle of the night.
Was the criminal for that incident caught?
Read this aloud:
犯人は証拠を残さなかった。
Focus: はんにん (hannin), しょうこ (shouko), のこさなかった (nokosanakatta)
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
警察は犯人を追いかけている。
Focus: けいさつ (keisatsu), はんにん (hannin), おいかけている (oikaketeiru)
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
彼は犯人として疑われている。
Focus: かれ (kare), はんにん (hannin), うたがわれている (utagawareteiru)
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Imagine you are a detective. Describe the suspect (犯人) in Japanese, using at least two descriptive adjectives. Write 2-3 sentences.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
犯人は背が高い男です。彼は若いですが、少し怖い顔をしています。
You witnessed a crime. Write a short sentence in Japanese to tell the police that you saw the criminal (犯人).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
私は犯人を見ました。
Write a short sentence in Japanese explaining that the criminal (犯人) ran away.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
犯人は逃げました。
警察は誰を捕まえましたか？
Read this passage:
警察は犯人を捕まえました。彼は銀行からお金を盗んだ男です。今、彼は警察署にいます。
警察は誰を捕まえましたか？
文章の冒頭で「警察は犯人を捕まえました」と書かれているため、犯人が捕まったことがわかります。
文章の冒頭で「警察は犯人を捕まえました」と書かれているため、犯人が捕まったことがわかります。
犯人は何を残しましたか？
Read this passage:
犯人は夜中に忍び込み、貴重品を盗みました。しかし、彼は指紋を残してしまいました。
犯人は何を残しましたか？
文章の最後に「彼は指紋を残してしまいました」と書かれているため、指紋を残したことがわかります。
文章の最後に「彼は指紋を残してしまいました」と書かれているため、指紋を残したことがわかります。
この事件の犯人はどうなっていますか？
Read this passage:
この事件の犯人はまだ見つかっていません。警察は情報提供を求めています。
この事件の犯人はどうなっていますか？
文章の冒頭で「この事件の犯人はまだ見つかっていません」と書かれているため、まだ見つかっていないことがわかります。
文章の冒頭で「この事件の犯人はまだ見つかっていません」と書かれているため、まだ見つかっていないことがわかります。
警察はついにその___を捕まえた。
警察が捕まえるのは犯罪を犯した人、つまり「犯人」です。
目撃者の証言から、___の特徴が明らかになった。
事件の目撃者は「犯人」の特徴を証言します。
防犯カメラの映像が、___特定の手がかりになった。
防犯カメラは事件を起こした「犯人」を特定するために役立ちます。
事件現場に残された足跡は、___のものであると判明した。
事件現場に残される足跡は通常、「犯人」のものです。
警察はまだ___の行方を追っている。
事件を起こした「犯人」は警察に追われます。
彼は潔白を主張したが、全ての証拠が彼が___であることを示していた。
証拠が示すのは、通常、罪を犯した「犯人」です。
警察はついに___を捕まえた。
The sentence means 'The police finally caught the ___.' The most appropriate word is '犯人' (criminal).
目撃者は___の特徴を詳細に説明した。
The sentence means 'The witness described the ___'s features in detail.' '犯人' (criminal) fits the context of an eyewitness describing someone involved in a crime.
防犯カメラの映像が___の特定に役立った。
The sentence means 'Security camera footage helped identify the ___.' In a crime context, '犯人' (criminal) is the logical word to be identified.
「犯人」は、罪を犯した人を指す言葉である。
The statement says '犯人' refers to a person who committed a crime, which is correct.
「犯人」は、友人を紹介する際に使う言葉である。
The statement suggests '犯人' is used to introduce a friend, which is incorrect. '犯人' means criminal.
警察が事件の調査で探しているのは「犯人」ではない。
The statement claims the police are not looking for the '犯人' in a crime investigation, which is false. The police are always looking for the criminal.
The criminal has not been caught yet.
The police are cornering the criminal.
The witness's testimony might be a clue to identify the criminal.
Read this aloud:
犯人が捕まったというニュースを聞いて安心しました。
Focus: はん にん が つか まっ た と いう ニュー ス を きい て あん しん し まし た
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
あの時、犯人の顔をはっきりと見ました。
Focus: あの とき、はん にん の かお を はっ きり と み まし た
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
事件現場には犯人の残した足跡がありました。
Focus: じ けん げん ば に は はん にん の のこ した あし あと が あり まし た
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Imagine you are a detective. Describe the suspect (犯人) in Japanese, focusing on their appearance or any distinguishing features. Write 2-3 sentences.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
犯人は黒い帽子をかぶっていました。身長は高くて、赤い靴を履いていました。目撃者の情報によると、少し痩せていました。
Write a short news headline in Japanese about a criminal (犯人) being apprehended. Include the word 犯人.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
強盗事件の犯人、ついに逮捕。
You are a witness. Write a short statement in Japanese explaining what you saw the criminal (犯人) doing. Write 2-3 sentences.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
私は公園で犯人が逃げるのを見ました。彼は黒い服を着ていて、とても速く走っていました。
この文章から、犯人について何がわかりますか？
Read this passage:
ある夜、コンビニで強盗事件が発生しました。防犯カメラの映像には、顔を隠した犯人が映っていました。警察は現在、犯人の行方を追っています。
この文章から、犯人について何がわかりますか？
文章中に「顔を隠した犯人が映っていました」と書かれているため、犯人が顔を隠していたことがわかります。
文章中に「顔を隠した犯人が映っていました」と書かれているため、犯人が顔を隠していたことがわかります。
この犯人の主な特徴は何ですか？
Read this passage:
警察は、連続窃盗事件の犯人を特定するため、目撃者からの情報を集めています。犯人はいつも深夜に現れ、貴金属を盗んでいました。
この犯人の主な特徴は何ですか？
文章中に「犯人はいつも深夜に現れ、貴金属を盗んでいました」と書かれています。
文章中に「犯人はいつも深夜に現れ、貴金属を盗んでいました」と書かれています。
捕まった犯人は、どのような人物でしたか？
Read this passage:
先日の銀行強盗事件で捕まった犯人は、有名な詐欺師と判明しました。彼は巧妙な手口で多くの人を騙していました。
捕まった犯人は、どのような人物でしたか？
「捕まった犯人は、有名な詐欺師と判明しました」とあります。
「捕まった犯人は、有名な詐欺師と判明しました」とあります。
This sentence means 'The criminal has not been caught yet.'
This sentence means 'The criminal was finally found.'
This sentence means 'That criminal is on the run.'
警察はついにその[___]を捕まえた。
文脈から、警察が捕まえるのは「犯人」（criminal）が最も適切です。
彼の証言は、[___]を特定する上で重要な手がかりとなった。
「特定する」（identify）の対象として、「犯人」（criminal）が自然です。
防犯カメラの映像から、[___]の顔がはっきりと確認できた。
防犯カメラは通常、犯罪を行った人物、つまり「犯人」（criminal）の特定に使われます。
事件現場に残された足跡は、犯人のものではなかった。
「犯人」（criminal）は事件に関与した人物であるため、現場に残された足跡は通常、犯人のものである可能性が高いです。この文は「犯人のものではなかった」と否定しているので誤りとなります。
目撃者の証言により、犯人の逃走経路が明らかになった。
「犯人」（criminal）の行動、特に逃走経路は、目撃者の証言によって明らかにされることがあります。
警察はすぐに犯人を逮捕し、事件は即座に解決した。
「犯人」（criminal）が逮捕されれば、事件は解決に向かうことが一般的です。
This sentence means 'The police finally arrested the criminal.' The order of particles and verbs is crucial in Japanese.
This sentence means 'The criminal of that incident has not been found yet.' 'まだ見つかっていない' means 'has not been found yet'.
This sentence means 'He admitted that he himself was the criminal.' '自分自身が' emphasizes 'he himself'.
容疑者は___であることを終始否定し続けた。
文脈から、容疑者が否定する対象は「犯人」が最も適切です。容疑者は自分が事件を起こした犯人ではないと主張しているため。
DNA鑑定の結果、真の___が判明し、事件は新たな展開を見せた。
DNA鑑定によって明らかになるのは、事件を起こした「犯人」です。これにより、事件の真相が明らかになったことを示しています。
警察は、現場に残された唯一の手がかりから___の特定を急いだ。
現場に残された手がかりは、事件の実行犯である「犯人」を特定するために用いられます。
「犯人」という言葉は、まだ罪が確定していない容疑者を指すことができる。
「犯人」は犯罪を犯した人物を指し、通常は罪が確定しているか、少なくとも犯行が確実視されている状況で使われます。罪が確定していない段階では「容疑者」という言葉が適切です。
警察が「犯人逮捕」と発表した場合、それはその人物が法的に有罪と確定したことを意味する。
「犯人逮捕」は、警察が特定の人物を犯罪の実行犯として拘束したことを意味しますが、法的に有罪と確定するのは裁判の判決後です。
映画や小説で「犯人は意外な人物だった」という表現は、物語の核心に迫る展開を示すことが多い。
この表現は、読者や視聴者の予想を裏切る人物が事件の実行犯であったことを示し、物語のサスペンスや興味を高めるためによく使われます。
The police finally arrested the criminal they had been chasing for years.
Fingerprints believed to belong to the criminal were left at the crime scene.
From the witness's testimony, the criminal's appearance became clear.
Read this aloud:
あの事件の犯人はまだ捕まっていない。
Focus: hannin
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
防犯カメラの映像が犯人特定の決め手となった。
Focus: kime te to natta
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
犯人は巧妙な手口で証拠を隠蔽していた。
Focus: koumyou na teguchi
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Imagine you are a detective. Describe the profile of a criminal you are looking for, including their possible motives and methods. Use at least two different adjectives to describe the criminal.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
今回の事件の犯人は、非常に計画的で大胆な人物だと推測されます。犯人は、金銭的な動機で犯行に及んだ可能性が高いです。手口としては、最新の技術を悪用している点が特徴です。 (The criminal in this case is presumed to be a very calculating and audacious individual. It's highly likely the criminal committed the act for financial motives. A characteristic of their method is the misuse of the latest technology.)
Write a short news report about a recent crime where the criminal was apprehended. Focus on the details of the arrest and the evidence found. Make sure to use the word "犯人".
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
先日発生した強盗事件の犯人が、ついに逮捕されました。警察は、現場に残された指紋と防犯カメラの映像が決定的な証拠となり、犯人を特定しました。逮捕された犯人は、取り調べに対して黙秘を続けているとのことです。 (The criminal in the recent robbery case has finally been apprehended. The police identified the criminal using fingerprints left at the scene and security camera footage as decisive evidence. The arrested criminal is reportedly remaining silent during questioning.)
You are a lawyer defending a client accused of being a criminal. Write an opening statement arguing for your client's innocence. Include phrases that cast doubt on the prosecution's evidence.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
本日、皆様にご覧いただくのは、私の依頼人がいかに無実であるかという事実です。検察側は私の依頼人を犯人と決めつけていますが、その証拠は状況証拠ばかりで、決定的なものは何もありません。皆様には、先入観にとらわれず、真実に基づいて判断していただきたいと願っております。 (What you will see today is the fact of how innocent my client is. The prosecution has labeled my client as the criminal, but their evidence consists solely of circumstantial evidence, with nothing conclusive. I hope you will judge based on the truth, without being swayed by preconceptions.)
この文章から、犯人についてどのようなことが推測できますか？
Read this passage:
ある夜、美術館で貴重な絵画が盗まれました。警備員は意識不明の状態で発見され、現場には犯人のものと思われる足跡が残されていました。警察は現在、監視カメラの映像を分析し、目撃情報を集めています。この事件は、大胆不敵な犯行として世間を騒がせています。
この文章から、犯人についてどのようなことが推測できますか？
文章中には、「大胆不敵な犯行」という記述があり、犯人の行動様式を示唆しています。絵画に精通しているか、警備員と面識があるかは不明です。足の速さについても記述はありません。(The passage mentions "daring and audacious crime," which suggests the criminal's mode of action. Whether the criminal is knowledgeable about paintings or acquainted with the security guard is unknown. There is no mention of their speed.)
文章中には、「大胆不敵な犯行」という記述があり、犯人の行動様式を示唆しています。絵画に精通しているか、警備員と面識があるかは不明です。足の速さについても記述はありません。(The passage mentions "daring and audacious crime," which suggests the criminal's mode of action. Whether the criminal is knowledgeable about paintings or acquainted with the security guard is unknown. There is no mention of their speed.)
この文章が示唆する犯人の特徴として、最も適切なものはどれですか？
Read this passage:
警察の発表によると、連続窃盗事件の犯人は、犯行現場から数百メートル離れたアパートに潜伏していました。犯人は日中は普通の生活を送り、夜間に犯行に及んでいたと見られています。逮捕時、犯人の部屋からは盗品が多数発見されました。
この文章が示唆する犯人の特徴として、最も適切なものはどれですか？
「数百メートル離れたアパートに潜伏」、「日中は普通の生活」という記述から、犯人が身を隠すのが巧妙であったことが示唆されます。裕福であるか、遠方から来ていたか、単独行動だったかは文章からは断定できません。(The descriptions "hiding in an apartment a few hundred meters away" and "leading a normal life during the day" suggest that the criminal was clever at hiding their identity. Whether they were wealthy, came from afar, or acted alone cannot be determined from the passage.)
「数百メートル離れたアパートに潜伏」、「日中は普通の生活」という記述から、犯人が身を隠すのが巧妙であったことが示唆されます。裕福であるか、遠方から来ていたか、単独行動だったかは文章からは断定できません。(The descriptions "hiding in an apartment a few hundred meters away" and "leading a normal life during the day" suggest that the criminal was clever at hiding their identity. Whether they were wealthy, came from afar, or acted alone cannot be determined from the passage.)
この事件において、被告が犯人であると判断された主な根拠は何ですか？
Read this passage:
ある事件の判決が下されました。被告は犯行を否認し続けましたが、DNA鑑定の結果と目撃者の証言が決め手となり、有罪となりました。裁判長は、犯人の悪質な手口と社会に与えた影響を考慮し、厳しい刑を言い渡しました。
この事件において、被告が犯人であると判断された主な根拠は何ですか？
文章中に「DNA鑑定の結果と目撃者の証言が決め手となり、有罪となりました」と明記されています。自白や所持品に関する記述はありません。(It is clearly stated in the passage that "the results of DNA testing and eyewitness testimonies were decisive, leading to a guilty verdict." There is no mention of a confession or the defendant's belongings.)
文章中に「DNA鑑定の結果と目撃者の証言が決め手となり、有罪となりました」と明記されています。自白や所持品に関する記述はありません。(It is clearly stated in the passage that "the results of DNA testing and eyewitness testimonies were decisive, leading to a guilty verdict." There is no mention of a confession or the defendant's belongings.)
This sentence means 'The police finally arrested the criminal.' The order follows a typical Japanese sentence structure: Subject (警察は) -> Adverb (ついに) -> Object (その犯人を) -> Verb (逮捕した).
This translates to 'The witness's testimony became an important clue in identifying the criminal.' The genitive particle の connects 目撃者 (witness) to 証言 (testimony), and 犯人特定の (identifying the criminal) modifies 重要な手がかり (important clue).
This sentence means 'The person captured on the security camera was identified as the criminal in the incident.' The clause 防犯カメラに映っていた (captured on the security camera) modifies 人物 (person), and 事件の犯人であると (as the criminal of the incident) is the content of 判明した (was identified).
/ 114 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
犯人 (hannin) refers to the criminal, the person who committed the crime.
- perpetrator
- culprit
- offender
Basic Meaning of 犯人
The most straightforward meaning of 犯人 (hannin) is criminal or perpetrator. It refers to the person who committed a crime.
Contextual Use in News
You'll frequently encounter 犯人 in news reports about crimes. For example, 「犯人が捕まった」 (Hannin ga tsukamatta) means "The criminal was caught."
Not Just for Major Crimes
While often used for serious offenses, 犯人 can also refer to someone who committed a minor transgression, like the person who stole a cookie. It's about the act of committing something wrong.
Difference from 容疑者 (Yōgisha)
Don't confuse 犯人 with 容疑者 (yōgisha), which means suspect. A 容疑者 is someone believed to have committed a crime, while a 犯人 is someone who *did* commit it (or is definitively identified as such).
예시
警察が犯人を捕まえました。
관련 콘텐츠
이 단어를 다른 언어로
society 관련 단어
活動
B1A thing that a person or group does or has done; the state of being active.
実態
B1The actual condition or reality of a situation, especially as opposed to how it is supposed to be or how it appears.
行政
B1Administration or government.
アメリカ
A1America.
権威
B1The power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience, or a person with expert knowledge. Frequently used in IELTS when discussing leadership or academic expertise.
恩恵
B1A benefit or advantage derived from something. Used in IELTS for discussing the pros of technology or nature.
偏向
B2A bias, lean, or inclination toward a specific direction or ideology, often used to describe media or political views.
候補者
B2A person who is being considered for a position, an award, or an office; a candidate.
慈善
B2Help or money given to those in need; an organization set up to provide help and raise money for those in need.
育児
B2The process of caring for and raising a child from birth until they are independent.
