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A1 noun #2,662 가장 일반적인 9분 분량

推定

suitei
연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 推定 30초 만에
설명 推定 in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to navigate the Japanese language. The word 推定 (suitei) is generally considered too formal and complex for absolute beginners to use actively in daily conversation. However, it is crucial for A1 learners to recognize this word passively, especially if they are traveling in Japan or reading basic informational signs. For instance, when visiting a museum, an A1 learner might see a placard next to an old samurai sword or a piece of pottery. The sign might read '推定年齢' (suitei nenrei), meaning 'estimated age.' Recognizing the kanji 推 (guess) and 定 (decide) helps the learner understand that the date provided is an approximation, not an exact historical record. At this stage, the focus is entirely on recognition rather than production. Learners should associate the visual shape of the kanji with the concept of 'estimation' or 'around this time/amount.' Teachers at the A1 level might introduce this word briefly when discussing how to read museum labels or simple news graphics, but they will not expect students to use it in their own sentences. Instead, students will rely on simpler words like 'だいたい' (daitai - approximately) or '約' (yaku - about) for their own speech. Understanding that formal Japanese uses different vocabulary for written signs versus spoken language is a key learning objective here. By simply knowing what 推定 looks like and what it generally means, an A1 learner can navigate public spaces and informational texts with a bit more confidence, laying the groundwork for more advanced vocabulary acquisition later on.
As learners progress to the A2 level, their ability to comprehend simple, everyday texts improves. At this stage, 推定 (suitei) becomes slightly more relevant, particularly in the context of reading short news snippets, weather reports, or basic informational brochures. An A2 learner might encounter phrases like '推定時刻' (suitei jikoku - estimated time) when looking at train delay notices or delivery schedules. While they still might not use the word in casual conversation with friends, they begin to understand its function as a formal marker of approximation. In an A2 classroom, instructors might introduce 推定 alongside other time and measurement-related vocabulary. Students learn that while they can say 'たぶん３時' (tabun san-ji - maybe 3 o'clock) in speech, a formal announcement will use '推定時刻は３時' (suitei jikoku wa san-ji). This helps solidify the distinction between spoken (spoken/casual) and written (formal/objective) registers in Japanese. A2 learners should practice identifying the word in context, such as circling it in a simplified news article about a local event or a minor earthquake where '推定被害' (estimated damage) is mentioned. The goal at this level is to transition from mere visual recognition to understanding how the word functions within a basic sentence structure, typically as a compound noun. They should also start noticing the passive construction '推定される' (is estimated), even if they haven't fully mastered passive verb conjugations yet, recognizing it as a set phrase used in formal reporting.
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At the B1 level, learners cross the threshold into intermediate Japanese, where they are expected to understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters. Here, 推定 (suitei) becomes an active part of their vocabulary, especially for those reading standard news articles, listening to news broadcasts, or giving simple presentations. B1 learners should be able to use 推定 to express estimations based on data or reading materials. For example, if summarizing an article about population decline, a B1 student should comfortably say, '日本の人口は減ると推定されています' (It is estimated that Japan's population will decrease). At this stage, the grammatical mechanics of the word become important. Learners practice using it as a suru-verb (推定する) and in its passive form (推定される). They also learn to differentiate it from more casual words like 予想 (yosou) and 想像 (souzou), understanding that 推定 requires an objective basis. B1 exercises often involve reading a short text containing data and then answering questions using 推定. They might also engage in role-plays, such as acting as a news reporter giving an update on a situation where facts are still being gathered. The focus is on building confidence in using formal vocabulary to discuss objective facts, moving away from purely personal narratives. Mastery at the B1 level means the learner can accurately comprehend and produce sentences involving basic estimations in academic, professional, or news-related contexts without confusing it with subjective guessing.
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Reaching the B2 level indicates a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain. At this upper-intermediate stage, the usage of 推定 (suitei) becomes much more nuanced and sophisticated. B2 learners are expected to engage with complex texts, such as editorials, technical reports, and detailed news analyses. They must understand and use 推定 in abstract and professional contexts. This includes legal terminology like 推定無罪 (presumption of innocence) and scientific discussions where variables are estimated. A B2 learner should be able to articulate the reasoning behind an estimation, using structures like '〜というデータに基づき、...と推定される' (Based on the data of ~, it is estimated that...). They should also be acutely aware of the register, knowing exactly when to use 推定 in a business meeting or academic paper versus when to use a softer term in casual conversation. B2 instruction focuses on collocations and compound nouns, expanding the learner's repertoire to include terms like 推定値 (estimated value), 推定埋蔵量 (estimated reserves), and 推定相続人 (heir presumptive). Furthermore, learners at this level practice debating and discussing the validity of an estimation, using phrases to agree or disagree with the '推定' presented in a text. They learn to navigate the subtle differences between 推定 (data-based estimation) and 推測 (logical conjecture), applying them accurately in essays and formal presentations. The goal is complete comfort with the word in any professional or academic setting.
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At the C1 level, learners possess a high level of proficiency, allowing them to express ideas fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. The use of 推定 (suitei) at this advanced stage is expected to be near-native. C1 learners encounter this word in highly specialized and complex texts, such as academic research papers, advanced statistical analyses, and intricate legal documents. They must understand the deep implications of 'presumption' in legal contexts, distinguishing it from 'fiction' (擬制 - gisei) and understanding how a legal 推定 can be rebutted with evidence. In scientific and mathematical contexts, C1 learners use 推定 to discuss statistical modeling, such as 区間推定 (interval estimation) or 点推定 (point estimation). They are capable of writing comprehensive reports or academic papers where they must justify their own estimations using complex grammatical structures and precise vocabulary. At this level, errors in register or nuance are rare. A C1 learner knows instinctively that using 推定 for a personal feeling is grammatically sound but pragmatically absurd. They can fluidly integrate the word into complex, multi-clause sentences, seamlessly blending it with other advanced vocabulary to create cohesive, authoritative arguments. Practice at this level involves analyzing primary sources, critiquing the methodology behind a published '推定', and engaging in high-level debates regarding policy, science, or law where estimated figures play a central role.
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The C2 level represents mastery of the language, where the learner can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. At this pinnacle of proficiency, the understanding and application of 推定 (suitei) go beyond mere definition and grammar; it involves a deep appreciation of its cultural, philosophical, and highly technical nuances. C2 learners can effortlessly navigate the most dense academic, legal, and literary texts where 推定 is employed. They understand how the concept of 'estimation' or 'presumption' plays into Japanese societal norms regarding uncertainty, consensus-building, and objective reporting. In a legal context, a C2 user can debate the philosophical underpinnings of 推定無罪 (presumption of innocence) within the framework of the Japanese justice system, comparing it to international standards. In data science or economics, they can discuss the theoretical limitations of a specific 推定モデル (estimation model) using highly specialized jargon. Furthermore, a C2 learner can appreciate the stylistic use of 推定 in literature or high-level journalism, where an author might use the word ironically or to highlight the cold, calculated nature of a bureaucracy. They can manipulate the word playfully or subversively, fully aware of the rules they are bending. At this level, there is no 'practice' in the traditional sense; rather, the learner uses the word as a native scholar or professional would, utilizing it as a precise tool for complex intellectual expression and sophisticated communication.
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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

推定 30초 만에

  • Estimation based on data.
  • Legal presumption (e.g., innocence).
  • Formal, objective, not a personal guess.
  • Used in science, news, and statistics.
The Japanese word 推定 (suitei) is a formal noun and suru-verb that translates to 'estimation,' 'presumption,' or 'inference.' Unlike simple guesses, which might be based on intuition or feeling, 推定 implies a calculated conclusion drawn from specific data, evidence, or logical reasoning. It is frequently utilized in scientific, legal, statistical, and academic contexts to indicate a reasoned hypothesis rather than a random assumption. When you encounter this word, you should immediately recognize that some form of analytical process has taken place to arrive at the stated conclusion. For instance, archaeologists use 推定 to discuss the estimated age of artifacts, while meteorologists might use it to talk about estimated rainfall. The kanji characters themselves provide a strong clue to its meaning: 推 (sui) means 'to conjecture, infer, guess, or suppose,' and 定 (tei) means 'to determine, fix, establish, or decide.' Together, they form the concept of 'deciding based on inference.' This makes it a powerful vocabulary word for anyone looking to elevate their Japanese from conversational to professional or academic levels. Understanding the nuance of 推定 requires distinguishing it from similar words like 予想 (yosou - expectation/forecast) and 想像 (souzou - imagination). While 予想 is often used for future events like sports outcomes or weather, and 想像 is used for mental images or creative thoughts, 推定 is strictly anchored in objective data analysis.
Scientific Context
Used to estimate ages, distances, and quantities based on empirical evidence.

その遺跡の推定年齢は紀元前500年です。

In legal terminology, 推定 takes on the specific meaning of 'presumption.' The most famous example is 推定無罪 (suitei muzai), which translates to 'presumption of innocence'—the legal principle that one is considered innocent until proven guilty. This usage highlights the authoritative and definitive nature of the word.
Legal Context
Used to establish a legal baseline or presumption until contrary evidence is presented.

被告人は推定無罪の原則によって守られている。

Furthermore, in statistics and mathematics, 推定 refers to 'statistical estimation,' the process of using sample data to estimate the parameters of a population. This is a core concept in data science and research methodology.
Statistical Context
Estimating population parameters from sample statistics.

母集団の平均を推定するための計算を行った。

When learning this word, it is crucial to practice it within these specific frameworks to avoid sounding unnatural. Using 推定 to guess what a friend is thinking would sound overly robotic and inappropriate.

被害総額は1億円と推定される。

彼の推定年収は非常に高い。

By mastering 推定, learners unlock the ability to comprehend news broadcasts, read technical reports, and engage in sophisticated discussions about data and evidence-based conclusions.
Using 推定 (suitei) correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical flexibility and its typical collocations. As a verbal noun (suru-verb), it can be used as a standalone noun, an active verb (推定する), or a passive verb (推定される). The passive form, 推定される (suitei sareru), is exceptionally common in news reports and academic papers because it allows the speaker or writer to present an estimation objectively, without specifying who is doing the estimating. This aligns perfectly with the Japanese preference for passive constructions in formal and objective discourse.
Passive Usage
Presenting an estimate as an objective fact derived from data.

この地域の人口は減少すると推定される。

When used as a prefix or part of a compound noun, 推定 attaches directly to other nouns to create specific terms. Common examples include 推定年齢 (suitei nenrei - estimated age), 推定時刻 (suitei jikoku - estimated time), and 推定被害額 (suitei higaigaku - estimated amount of damage). These compound nouns are highly efficient ways to convey complex information concisely, which is a hallmark of formal Japanese.
Compound Nouns
Combining 推定 with other nouns to specify what is being estimated.

容疑者の推定年齢は30代半ばです。

In active sentences, the subject performing the estimation is usually a researcher, an organization, or a specific analytical tool. The particle 'を' (wo) marks the object being estimated, and 'と' (to) is often used to mark the result of the estimation. For example, 'AをBと推定する' means 'to estimate A to be B.'
Active Verb Usage
Specifying the researcher or system making the calculation.

専門家はその絵画の価値を100万ドルと推定した。

It is also important to note the negative forms. While '推定しない' (do not estimate) is grammatically correct, it is more common to see phrases like '推定が困難である' (estimation is difficult) or '推定できない' (cannot be estimated) when data is insufficient.

現在のデータだけでは、正確な数値を推定することは困難だ。

システムの障害により、復旧時間は推定できません。

Mastering these structural patterns—passive objectivity, compound noun efficiency, and active analytical statements—will ensure that your use of 推定 is both grammatically flawless and contextually appropriate. Always remember that the presence of 推定 elevates the register of the sentence, demanding a correspondingly formal tone in the surrounding vocabulary and grammar.
The word 推定 (suitei) is ubiquitous in formal Japanese media, making it an essential vocabulary item for anyone looking to consume Japanese news, documentaries, or academic literature. One of the most common places you will hear this word is during news broadcasts, particularly those reporting on natural disasters, accidents, or crimes. News anchors frequently use phrases like 推定被害額 (estimated damage amount) or 推定時刻 (estimated time of occurrence) to provide the public with the best available data before official, finalized numbers are confirmed.
Disaster Reporting
Used to convey early estimates of damage or casualties.

地震による推定被害額は数十億円に上る。

Another prominent domain is science and nature documentaries. Whether discussing the age of the universe, the population size of an endangered species, or the depth of an unexplored ocean trench, narrators rely heavily on 推定 to express scientific consensus based on current data. In archaeology, every discovered artifact comes with a 推定年代 (estimated era) or 推定年齢 (estimated age).
Scientific Documentaries
Expressing measurements and ages that cannot be directly observed but are calculated.

この恐竜の化石は、推定6500万年前のものです。

Legal dramas and courtroom news also heavily feature this vocabulary. The concept of 推定無罪 (presumption of innocence) is a staple of legal discussions. Furthermore, in civil law, there are many 'presumptions' (推定) regarding contracts, paternity, and inheritance that lawyers and judges debate.
Legal Proceedings
Discussing legal baselines and presumptions in court.

法律上、彼はその子供の父親であると推定される。

In the corporate world, especially in finance and project management, 推定 is used during planning phases. Business analysts provide 推定利益 (estimated profit) or 推定コスト (estimated cost) based on market research and historical data.

来期の推定売上高は前年比10％増です。

プロジェクトの推定完了日は来月の末です。

By familiarizing yourself with these contexts, you will not only improve your listening comprehension but also gain insight into how Japanese society communicates uncertainty and data-driven conclusions in a structured, formal manner.
A frequent stumbling block for learners of Japanese is misusing 推定 (suitei) in situations where a less formal or more subjective word would be appropriate. The most common mistake is using 推定 to express a personal guess, feeling, or intuition. Because 推定 strictly implies a calculation or logical deduction based on evidence, using it to say 'I guess it will rain tomorrow' or 'I estimate he is angry' sounds incredibly unnatural and overly robotic. For personal guesses, words like 思う (omou - to think), 気のせい (kinosei - imagination), or 予想する (yosou suru - to expect/predict) are much better suited.
Subjective vs. Objective
推定 is objective. Do not use it for subjective feelings.

❌ 彼は怒っていると推定する。
⭕ 彼は怒っていると思う。

Another common error is confusing 推定 with words that mean 'definite decision' or 'confirmation,' such as 確定 (kakutei) or 決定 (kettei). While 推定 sounds authoritative because it is based on data, it inherently contains a degree of uncertainty—it is an *estimate*, not a final fact. If a number has been finalized and will not change, using 推定 is incorrect; you should use 確定.
Estimation vs. Confirmation
Do not use 推定 when the final, exact result is already known and confirmed.

❌ 試合の結果が推定した。
⭕ 試合の結果が確定した。

Learners also sometimes struggle with the distinction between 推定 and 推測 (suisoku). While both mean 'guess' or 'conjecture,' 推測 can be slightly more subjective and based on circumstantial evidence or observation, whereas 推定 leans heavily towards numerical data, scientific evidence, and formal calculations. You might '推測' a person's motive for a crime based on their behavior, but you '推定' the time of death based on forensic data.
Motive vs. Measurement
Use 推測 for motives and abstract concepts; use 推定 for measurements and data.

犯人の動機を推測する。（Not 推定）

死亡時刻を推定する。（Not 推測）

明日の天気を予想する。（Not 推定）

By carefully distinguishing 推定 from personal opinions, finalized facts, and circumstantial guesses, you can ensure your Japanese sounds natural, precise, and appropriate for the context.
To truly master 推定 (suitei), it is essential to map out its semantic neighborhood and understand how it compares to similar vocabulary words. Japanese has a rich array of words for guessing, estimating, and predicting, each with its own specific nuance and appropriate context. The closest synonym is 推測 (suisoku), which means 'conjecture' or 'guess.' While highly similar, 推測 is broader and can be used when the evidence is more circumstantial or behavioral, whereas 推定 is preferred when dealing with hard numbers, scientific data, or legal frameworks.
推測 (suisoku)
Educated guess based on observation or circumstance, less rigid than 推定.

彼の表情から、計画が失敗したと推測できる。

Another related word is 予測 (yosoku), which translates to 'prediction' or 'forecast.' The key difference here is temporal: 予測 is almost exclusively focused on the future. You predict (予測) what the economy will do next year. 推定, on the other hand, can be used for the past, present, or future. You estimate (推定) the age of an ancient artifact (past), the current population (present), or future costs (future).
予測 (yosoku)
Prediction or forecast, specifically oriented towards future events.

来年の経済成長率を予測する。

予想 (yosou) is another word for 'expectation' or 'prediction,' but it is much more casual and subjective than 予測 or 推定. It is commonly used for sports betting, horse racing, or personal expectations about how a movie will end. It lacks the scientific rigor implied by 推定.
予想 (yosou)
Expectation or casual prediction, often used in sports or daily life.

今日の試合は私たちのチームが勝つと予想している。

Finally, 見積もり (mitsumori) means 'estimate' or 'quotation,' but it is strictly used in business contexts regarding money, costs, or time required for a job. If a contractor gives you a price for fixing your roof, that is a 見積もり, not a 推定.

修理費用の見積もりを出してください。

データに基づく推定と、単なる予想は異なる。

Understanding these distinctions allows you to choose the exact right word for your intended meaning, demonstrating a high level of fluency and precision in Japanese.

How Formal Is It?

난이도

알아야 할 문법

Passive voice (〜される)

Quotative particle (〜と)

Based on (〜に基づいて)

Noun modification (〜の)

Nominalization (〜すること)

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수준별 예문

1

このお寺の推定年齢は1000年です。

The estimated age of this temple is 1000 years.

Noun + 推定年齢 (estimated age).

2

推定で50人が来ます。

By estimation, 50 people will come.

推定で (by estimation).

3

これは推定の数字です。

This is an estimated number.

推定の + Noun.

4

推定時刻は午後3時です。

The estimated time is 3 PM.

推定時刻 (estimated time).

5

ケーキの推定カロリーは高いです。

The estimated calories of the cake are high.

推定カロリー (estimated calories).

6

推定の重さは10キロです。

The estimated weight is 10 kg.

推定の重さ (estimated weight).

7

あの木の推定年齢は古いです。

The estimated age of that tree is old.

推定年齢 (estimated age).

8

推定で、明日は雨です。

By estimation, it will rain tomorrow.

推定で (by estimation - simple use).

1

ニュースによると、推定被害額は100万円です。

According to the news, the estimated damage is 1 million yen.

推定被害額 (estimated damage amount).

2

この化石の推定年代はとても古いです。

The estimated era of this fossil is very old.

推定年代 (estimated era).

3

会議の推定時間は2時間です。

The estimated time for the meeting is 2 hours.

推定時間 (estimated time duration).

4

彼の推定年収は高いらしいです。

It seems his estimated annual income is high.

推定年収 (estimated annual income).

5

修理の推定費用を教えてください。

Please tell me the estimated cost of the repair.

推定費用 (estimated cost).

6

この山の推定標高は3000メートルです。

The estimated elevation of this mountain is 3000 meters.

推定標高 (estimated elevation).

7

イベントの推定参加者は約500人です。

The estimated number of participants for the event is about 500.

推定参加者 (estimated participants).

8

データから推定すると、明日は晴れます。

Estimating from the data, it will be sunny tomorrow.

〜から推定すると (estimating from ~).

1

専門家は、その絵画の価値を1億円と推定した。

Experts estimated the value of the painting at 100 million yen.

〜を〜と推定する (estimate A to be B).

2

この地域の人口は今後減少すると推定される。

It is estimated that the population of this region will decrease in the future.

〜と推定される (it is estimated that).

3

警察は死亡時刻を昨日の夜10時と推定している。

The police estimate the time of death to be 10 PM last night.

推定している (is currently estimating).

4

現在のデータだけでは、正確な結果を推定するのは難しい。

It is difficult to estimate accurate results with only the current data.

推定するのは難しい (it is difficult to estimate).

5

台風による推定被害総額が発表された。

The estimated total damage caused by the typhoon was announced.

推定被害総額 (estimated total damage amount).

6

この遺跡は、推定で紀元前3世紀のものだ。

This ruin is estimated to be from the 3rd century BC.

推定で〜のものだ (estimated to be from ~).

7

プロジェクトの推定完了日は来月の末に変更されました。

The estimated completion date of the project has been changed to the end of next month.

推定完了日 (estimated completion date).

8

彼は推定無罪の原則についてスピーチをした。

He gave a speech about the principle of presumption of innocence.

推定無罪 (presumption of innocence).

1

被告人は有罪が確定するまで、推定無罪として扱われるべきである。

The defendant should be treated with the presumption of innocence until proven guilty.

推定無罪として扱われる (treated as presumed innocent).

2

気象庁は、今後の降水量を過去のデータに基づいて推定した。

The meteorological agency estimated future rainfall based on past data.

〜に基づいて推定した (estimated based on ~).

3

この統計モデルを用いることで、より正確な母集団の推定が可能になる。

By using this statistical model, a more accurate estimation of the population becomes possible.

母集団の推定 (estimation of the population).

4

新薬の副作用の発生率は、臨床試験の結果から推定されている。

The incidence rate of side effects for the new drug is estimated from the results of clinical trials.

〜から推定されている (has been estimated from ~).

5

その企業は、来年度の市場規模を過大に推定していたことが判明した。

It turned out that the company had overestimated the market size for the next fiscal year.

過大に推定する (to overestimate).

6

法律上、婚姻中に妊娠した子は夫の子と推定される。

Legally, a child conceived during marriage is presumed to be the husband's child.

〜と推定される (presumed to be ~ in a legal sense).

7

システム障害の原因は、外部からのサイバー攻撃であると推定されている。

The cause of the system failure is estimated to be a cyberattack from the outside.

〜であると推定されている (is estimated to be ~).

8

この遺跡から出土した土器の推定年代を巡って、学者間で議論が続いている。

Debate continues among scholars regarding the estimated era of the pottery excavated from this ruin.

推定年代を巡って (concerning the estimated era).

1

本研究では、ベイズ推定を用いてパラメータの事後分布を導出した。

In this study, we derived the posterior distribution of the parameters using Bayesian estimation.

ベイズ推定 (Bayesian estimation).

2

民法における事実上の推定は、反証が提出されれば覆る性質を持つ。

A factual presumption in civil law has the characteristic of being overturned if counterevidence is presented.

事実上の推定 (factual presumption).

3

地質学的調査により、この断層の活動周期は数千年単位であると推定されるに至った。

Through geological surveys, it has come to be estimated that the activity cycle of this fault is in units of thousands of years.

推定されるに至った (came to be estimated).

4

マクロ経済の動向を正確に推定するためには、多様な先行指標を統合的に分析する必要がある。

In order to accurately estimate macroeconomic trends, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze various leading indicators.

正確に推定するためには (in order to accurately estimate).

5

その論文は、不完全なデータセットから強引な推定を行っている点で批判を浴びた。

The paper was criticized for making forced estimations from an incomplete dataset.

強引な推定を行う (to make forced/unreasonable estimations).

6

AIの深層学習モデルは、膨大な画像データから被写体の年齢を高い精度で推定できる。

AI deep learning models can estimate the age of a subject with high accuracy from vast amounts of image data.

高い精度で推定できる (can estimate with high accuracy).

7

企業の将来キャッシュフローの推定には、常に一定の不確実性が伴うことを銘記すべきだ。

It should be kept in mind that the estimation of a company's future cash flow always involves a certain degree of uncertainty.

〜の推定には不確実性が伴う (estimation of ~ involves uncertainty).

8

放射性炭素年代測定法により、出土品の絶対年代が極めて狭い誤差範囲で推定された。

Using radiocarbon dating, the absolute age of the excavated artifact was estimated within an extremely narrow margin of error.

誤差範囲で推定された (estimated within a margin of error).

1

法学における「擬制」と「推定」の峻別は、法解釈の根幹をなす極めて重要な概念である。

The strict distinction between 'fiction' and 'presumption' in jurisprudence is an extremely important concept that forms the foundation of legal interpretation.

「擬制」と「推定」の峻別 (strict distinction between fiction and presumption).

2

量子力学の観測問題において、状態の推定は観測者の主観的知識の更新として解釈される立場がある。

In the measurement problem of quantum mechanics, there is a position that interprets the estimation of a state as the updating of the observer's subjective knowledge.

状態の推定 (estimation of the state).

3

最尤推定法は、観測データが得られる確率を最大化するような母数を真の値として採用する統計的手法である。

Maximum likelihood estimation is a statistical method that adopts the parameter that maximizes the probability of obtaining the observed data as the true value.

最尤推定法 (Maximum likelihood estimation).

4

歴史学において、史料の空白を埋めるための推定は、常に恣意的な解釈に陥る危険性を孕んでいる。

In historiography, estimations made to fill gaps in historical records always carry the risk of falling into arbitrary interpretation.

空白を埋めるための推定 (estimations to fill gaps).

5

その政策決定は、将来の人口動態に対する過度に楽観的な推定に依拠していたため、破綻を来した。

The policy decision failed because it relied on an overly optimistic estimation of future demographic trends.

楽観的な推定に依拠する (rely on an optimistic estimation).

6

気候変動モデルにおける不確実性の定量化は、将来シナリオの信頼性を推定する上で不可欠なプロセスである。

Quantifying uncertainty in climate change models is an essential process for estimating the reliability of future scenarios.

信頼性を推定する (estimate the reliability).

7

裁判長は、検察側の提示した状況証拠のみに基づく犯意の推定を、証拠不十分として退けた。

The presiding judge rejected the presumption of criminal intent based solely on circumstantial evidence presented by the prosecution as insufficient evidence.

犯意の推定 (presumption of criminal intent).

8

宇宙論的パラメータの精密な推定は、次世代の宇宙望遠鏡による観測データの蓄積を待たねばならない。

Precise estimation of cosmological parameters must await the accumulation of observational data from next-generation space telescopes.

精密な推定 (precise estimation).

반의어

確定 断定 実証

자주 쓰는 조합

推定年齢
推定時刻
推定無罪
推定被害額
推定される
推定する
推定値
推定年収
推定相続人
区間推定

자주 쓰는 구문

〜と推定される
〜を〜と推定する
推定によると
推定で〜
推定の域を出ない
推定を覆す
事実上の推定
法律上の推定
推定が困難である
過大に推定する

자주 혼동되는 단어

推定 vs 推測 (suisoku - conjecture)

推定 vs 予測 (yosoku - prediction)

推定 vs 予想 (yosou - expectation)

관용어 및 표현

"推定無罪の原則"
"推定の域を出ない"
"推定相続人となる"
"推定を覆す証拠"
"推定に基づく判断"
"推定年齢を割り出す"
"推定時刻を算出する"
"推定被害を算定する"
"推定値に誤差が生じる"
"推定を誤る"

혼동하기 쉬운

推定 vs

推定 vs

推定 vs

推定 vs

推定 vs

문장 패턴

무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

사용법

nuance

Implies a logical process or calculation, not a random guess.

formality

High. Suitable for written text, news, and professional settings.

자주 하는 실수
  • Using 推定 for personal, baseless guesses (e.g., 彼は来ないと推定する instead of 彼は来ないと思う).
  • Confusing it with 予測 (prediction) when talking purely about future events without calculation.
  • Using it when a fact is already 100% confirmed (using 推定 instead of 確定).
  • Using it to describe emotional states or psychological motives (using 推定 instead of 推測).
  • Pronouncing it with the wrong pitch accent, making it sound unnatural.

팁

Data is Key

Always pair 推定 with data, numbers, or evidence. It needs a logical foundation.

Embrace the Passive

Use 推定される (is estimated) in your essays to instantly upgrade your writing style to an academic level.

Compound Power

Memorize compound words like 推定年齢 (estimated age) as single vocabulary units for faster reading.

News Indicator

When you hear 推定 on the news, know that the numbers might change later when facts are 確定 (confirmed).

Legal Presumption

In law, 推定 means a fact is presumed true until evidence proves otherwise. It is a powerful legal baseline.

No Feelings

Never use 推定 to guess if someone is happy or sad. It sounds like a robot analyzing human emotions.

Push and Decide

Remember the kanji: 推 (push/infer) and 定 (decide). You infer to make a decision.

Formal Presentations

Use 推定 in business or academic presentations to sound professional and well-researched.

Museum Placards

Look for 推定 on museum signs in Japan. It will almost always precede the date of an artifact.

推定 vs 確定

Always contrast 推定 (estimated) with 確定 (confirmed) to understand the lifecycle of news reporting.

암기하기

기억법

Imagine PUSHING (推) a bunch of data together to DECIDE (定) on an ESTIMATE.

어원

Sino-Japanese (Kango)

문화적 맥락

Highly objective. Conveys that the speaker has done their research and is not just guessing randomly.

Formal/Academic

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

대화 시작하기

"ニュースで推定被害額を見ましたか？"

"この建物の推定年齢はどれくらいだと思いますか？"

"推定無罪についてどう考えますか？"

"AIによる推定技術はどこまで進んでいるのでしょうか？"

"来年の経済の推定値はどうなっていますか？"

일기 주제

Write about a time you had to estimate something important.

Summarize a news article that uses the word 推定.

Explain the concept of 'presumption of innocence' in Japanese.

Describe an ancient artifact and its estimated age.

Discuss the difference between a personal guess and a scientific estimation.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

No. 推定 is strictly for objective, data-driven estimations. For feelings, use 想像 (souzou) or 推測 (suisoku).

見積もり is usually a business term for a price quote or cost estimate. 推定 is a broader academic or formal term for estimating facts, ages, or statistics.

It is both. It functions as a noun (estimation) and can be turned into a verb by adding する (推定する - to estimate).

It means 'presumption of innocence.' It is a legal term stating a person is considered innocent until proven guilty.

It is pronounced 'sui-tei' with a flat pitch accent (heiban), meaning the pitch stays relatively level after the first mora.

Yes, but 予測 (yosoku) is more common for future predictions. 推定 is often used for calculating current or past unknown facts, though future estimations (like estimated costs) are also fine.

確定 (kakutei), which means 'confirmed' or 'decided.' An estimate becomes a confirmed fact.

Japanese prefers passive constructions in formal writing to sound objective. 'It is estimated' sounds more scientific than 'We estimate.'

Yes, this is a common idiom meaning 'it does not go beyond the realm of estimation' or 'it remains just an estimate.'

Rarely. It sounds very stiff and academic. In casual conversation, people use だいたい (about) or 〜だと思う (I think it's ~).

무료 가입하고 팁과 노트 보기

셀프 테스트 180 질문

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

무료 가입하고 연습하기

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