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A2 verb 13분 분량

zenden

예시
설명 zenden in your Level:
At the A1 beginner level, the most important thing to know about the verb zenden is that it means to send. However, as a beginner, you should focus primarily on recognizing this word rather than using it in every conversation. In daily spoken Dutch, people prefer the word sturen. You will see zenden on official forms, websites, and in formal letters. The basic present tense conjugation is essential to memorize: ik zend (I send), jij zendt (you send), hij zendt (he sends), wij zenden (we send). Notice that for the 'ik' form, you just use the stem 'zend'. For 'jij' and 'hij', you add a 't' to make it 'zendt'. For plural forms like 'wij', 'jullie', and 'zij', you use the full infinitive 'zenden'. At this level, you might encounter it in simple sentences like 'Ik zend een brief' (I send a letter) or 'Wij zenden een e-mail' (We send an email). It is also important to recognize the noun 'zender', which means a television or radio channel. If someone asks 'Welke zender is dit?' they are asking 'Which channel is this?'. While you will mostly use 'sturen' when talking to your friends, recognizing 'zenden' is crucial for reading basic Dutch signs, using Dutch websites, and understanding simple formal instructions. Practice the present tense forms and remember that 'zenden' is the formal brother of 'sturen'. It is a strong verb, meaning its past tense will change vowels, but at the A1 level, focusing on the present tense and recognition is the perfect starting point.
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At the A2 level, you are expected to handle past tenses and more complex daily interactions. For the verb zenden, this means learning its irregular past forms. Zenden is a strong verb, which means it changes its vowel in the past tense instead of just adding '-de' or '-te'. The simple past tense is 'zond' for singular (ik zond, jij zond, hij zond) and 'zonden' for plural (wij zonden, jullie zonden, zij zonden). For example, 'Gisteren zond ik een brief' (Yesterday I sent a letter). The present perfect tense uses the auxiliary verb 'hebben' and the past participle 'gezonden'. For example, 'Ik heb de brief gezonden' (I have sent the letter). At this level, you should also understand when to choose zenden over sturen. While sturen is for friends and family, zenden is for formal emails to a company, a teacher, or a government office. You will also start seeing compound words and prefixes. The word 'verzenden' is very common when shopping online; it means to dispatch or ship. 'Uitzenden' means to broadcast on TV or radio. When you read a text or write a formal email, using the correct past tense of zenden shows a solid grasp of Dutch grammar. Remember the spelling rule for the present tense: 'hij zendt' ends with 'dt'. Many learners forget the 't', but it is required. Practice writing short formal emails using 'Ik heb u gisteren de documenten gezonden' to master this A2 grammar point.
At the B1 intermediate level, your understanding of zenden expands significantly into the realm of separable and inseparable prefixes, which drastically change the meaning of the base verb. You must master words like verzenden (to dispatch/ship), uitzenden (to broadcast), inzenden (to submit/send in), and doorzenden (to forward). Verzenden is inseparable; the prefix 'ver-' stays attached. Therefore, the past participle is simply 'verzonden' (Ik heb het pakket verzonden). Uitzenden, however, is a separable verb. In a main clause, the prefix moves to the end: 'De televisie zendt de wedstrijd uit'. The past participle places 'ge' in the middle: 'uitgezonden' (De wedstrijd is uitgezonden). Inzenden is used for submitting forms, homework, or competition entries: 'Je moet het formulier voor vrijdag inzenden'. Doorzenden is formal forwarding: 'Wilt u deze brief naar de directeur doorzenden?'. At B1, you are also expected to use the passive voice correctly. Zenden is frequently used in passive constructions in formal Dutch. 'De brief wordt gezonden' (The letter is being sent) or 'Het pakket is verzonden' (The package has been dispatched). Understanding these nuances allows you to read news articles, comprehend official corporate communications, and express yourself accurately in a business environment. You should confidently navigate the differences between the casual 'sturen' and the precise, context-specific uses of 'zenden' and its many prefixed variations.
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At the B2 upper-intermediate level, zenden is utilized to express high formality, abstract concepts, and professional precision. You are expected to effortlessly handle all tenses, passive constructions, and complex subordinate clauses involving zenden and its derivatives. In a professional business context, vocabulary choices matter. You will use formulations like 'Hierbij zend ik u...' (Hereby I send you...) in formal correspondence. Furthermore, you will encounter zenden in idiomatic and abstract contexts. For instance, 'iemand de laan uit zenden' is a formal or slightly archaic way of saying someone was fired or sent away. The noun forms become more prominent at this level: 'de zending' (the shipment or the mission), 'de uitzending' (the broadcast), 'de afzender' (the sender). You must also understand the subtle sociolinguistic implications. Using zenden in an informal WhatsApp message at a B2 level is considered a stylistic error because you should know better; it sounds unnaturally stiff. Conversely, using 'sturen' in a highly formal legal document might be seen as slightly too casual. You will also read literature or news where zenden describes the transmission of signals, data, or troops: 'De generaal zond zijn troepen naar het front' or 'De satelliet zendt onafgebroken data naar de aarde'. Mastery at B2 means you do not just know the grammar of zenden, but you possess the stylistic intuition to use it exactly when the context demands technical accuracy, institutional authority, or formal politeness.
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At the C1 advanced level, your use of zenden demonstrates near-native proficiency, characterized by a deep understanding of its etymological roots, metaphorical extensions, and stylistic weight. You will encounter zenden in highly formal, academic, or literary texts. It often carries a sense of destiny, authority, or official mandate. For example, in historical or religious texts, one reads about 'gezanten' (envoys or emissaries) who are 'gezonden' by a king or a deity. The word 'zendeling' (missionary) and 'zending' (missionary work) stem from this authoritative dispatch. You will comfortably use complex passive constructions with modal verbs, such as 'De documenten dienen onverwijld aan de bevoegde autoriteiten te worden toegezonden' (The documents must be sent to the competent authorities without delay). Notice the use of 'toezenden', a highly formal variant meaning to send to someone. At this level, you appreciate the subtle rhythm and tone of the language. You know that 'zenden' has a slightly heavier, more resonant sound than 'sturen', making it ideal for rhetorical emphasis in speeches or formal prose. You are also adept at using related nouns and adjectives, such as 'zendergestuurd' (transmitter-controlled) or 'zendtijd' (broadcasting time/airtime). Your vocabulary includes niche terms like 'rondzenden' (to circularize) and you understand the bureaucratic jargon surrounding 'verzendkosten', 'verzendklaar' (ready for shipment), and 'retourzending' (return shipment). At C1, zenden is a tool for precision, authority, and stylistic elegance.
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At the C2 mastery level, your comprehension and application of zenden are indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker. You command the full historical and literary spectrum of the verb. You recognize its Germanic roots, cognate with the English 'send' and German 'senden', and understand how this history shapes its modern formal register. In classical Dutch literature, poetry, or historical documents, zenden is the absolute standard, and you can effortlessly read texts from the 18th or 19th centuries where 'zenden' was used even in contexts where 'sturen' is preferred today. You manipulate the language with rhetorical flair, using zenden to create a specific atmospheric tone—perhaps to evoke a sense of bureaucratic coldness, divine providence, or technical exactitude. You are fully conversant with highly specific, low-frequency derivatives like 'zendingsdrang' (the urge to proselytize or preach) or 'zendgemachtigde' (a licensed broadcasting organization). You can seamlessly debate media law using terms like 'uitzendlicentie' or discuss telecommunications infrastructure with words like 'zendmast' (transmission tower) and 'zendfrequentie'. Your syntactic control is flawless, easily navigating sentences where the past participle 'gezonden' is separated from its auxiliary by numerous adjuncts: 'De brief, die na lange vertraging eindelijk door de commissie was gezonden, bleek onleesbaar.' At C2, zenden is not just a vocabulary word; it is a linguistic instrument that you tune perfectly to the sociolinguistic and stylistic demands of any conceivable Dutch context, from legal contracts to classical poetry.
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예시
To understand the Dutch verb zenden, we must first look at its core meaning, which is to send, to transmit, or to broadcast. It is a fundamental verb in the Dutch language, categorized at the A2 CEFR level, meaning it is essential for early learners to grasp, yet it possesses a formal nuance that distinguishes it from its more common synonym sturen. When you use the word zenden, you are often referring to the act of directing something from one place to another, whether that is a physical object like a letter or package, an electronic message like an email, or even invisible waves such as radio or television signals. The usage of zenden is quite broad, but it is deeply embedded in contexts that require a touch of formality or technical precision. For everyday casual conversations, native Dutch speakers will almost always prefer the word sturen. For example, if you are texting a friend to send a picture, you would say stuur me de foto rather than zend me de foto. However, in official correspondence, business environments, or telecommunications, zenden becomes the standard choice. Let us explore the different domains where zenden is most frequently encountered. In the realm of media and technology, zenden is the root of many important words. A broadcasting station is a zender, and the act of broadcasting a television show is uitzenden. When a radio tower transmits a signal, it is actively engaged in the process of zenden.

De radiozender zal het nieuws over de hele wereld zenden.

This technological association makes zenden an indispensable word for anyone working in IT, communications, or media. Furthermore, in commercial and postal contexts, you will often see the compound word verzenden, which specifically means to dispatch or ship goods. A shipping cost is called verzendkosten.
Formal Correspondence
In formal letters, you might write: Wij zenden u hierbij de gevraagde documenten (We hereby send you the requested documents).

Ik zal de officiële documenten naar uw kantoor zenden.

Another interesting application of zenden is in religious or philosophical contexts. A missionary is called a zendeling, someone who is sent to spread a message. This highlights the weight and importance that the word zenden can carry. It is not just about moving an object; it is about delivering a message with purpose and authority.
Telecommunications
The transmission of data packets over a network is often described using derivatives of zenden.

De satelliet kan signalen naar de aarde zenden.

When learning Dutch, it is crucial to recognize these subtle differences in register. While a beginner might use sturen for everything, advancing to a higher proficiency level requires knowing when to switch to zenden. If you are writing an email to a government agency, a university, or a corporate client, incorporating zenden will make your Dutch sound much more professional and polished.
Media Broadcasting
Television networks use zenden to describe the airing of their programs to the public.

Zij zenden het programma elke avond om acht uur uit.

God zou een engel zenden om de mensen te beschermen.

To summarize, zenden is a powerful, formal, and versatile verb. It connects the physical dispatch of letters with the invisible transmission of radio waves and the profound delivery of spiritual messages. Mastering its use will significantly elevate your Dutch vocabulary and cultural understanding.
Using the verb zenden correctly in sentences requires a solid understanding of its conjugation, as it is a strong, irregular verb in Dutch. Learning how to conjugate and apply zenden in various tenses is a critical step for mastering A2 level Dutch grammar. The infinitive form is zenden. In the present tense, the conjugation follows standard rules for the most part: ik zend (I send), jij zendt (you send), hij/zij/het zendt (he/she/it sends), and wij/jullie/zij zenden (we/you all/they send). Notice that for the second and third person singular, a 't' is added to the stem 'zend', resulting in 'zendt'. This is a common spelling trap for learners, as the 'd' and 't' together sound just like a single 't'.

Ik zend u deze brief om mijn ongenoegen te uiten.

Moving to the past tense, zenden reveals its strong, irregular nature. The vowel changes from 'e' to 'o'. The singular past tense is zond (ik zond, jij zond, hij zond), and the plural past tense is zonden (wij zonden, jullie zonden, zij zonden). This vowel shift is typical of many strong verbs in Dutch and must be memorized.
Past Tense Usage
Use 'zond' or 'zonden' when describing an action of sending that was completed entirely in the past, such as sending a historical letter or an old broadcast.

Gisteren zond de koning een belangrijke boodschap naar het volk.

The present perfect tense uses the auxiliary verb hebben (to have) and the past participle gezonden. For example, ik heb gezonden (I have sent). This tense is highly common in spoken and written Dutch when referring to recent past actions with relevance to the present.
Present Perfect
The present perfect 'hebben gezonden' is frequently used in business emails to confirm that an attachment or document has been dispatched.

Wij hebben de factuur reeds naar uw administratie gezonden.

Zenden is also frequently used with prefixes, which split in main clauses. For example, uitzenden (to broadcast) becomes ik zend uit. Verzenden (to dispatch) is inseparable, so it remains ik verzend. Understanding separable and inseparable prefixes is vital for constructing accurate sentences.
Separable Prefixes
When using words like 'uitzenden' in a simple main clause, the prefix 'uit' moves to the end of the sentence.

De televisie zendt de voetbalwedstrijd vanavond live uit.

Finally, zenden is often found in passive constructions, especially in formal announcements. The package is sent translates to het pakket wordt gezonden. Here, the auxiliary verb worden is combined with the past participle gezonden.

Het formulier moet voor vrijdag worden gezonden.

By practicing these various sentence structures—present, past, perfect, prefix variations, and passive voice—you will gain complete control over the verb zenden and be able to deploy it accurately in any Dutch context.
The verb zenden is not a word you will typically hear in a noisy pub or a casual chat between friends at a café. In those relaxed environments, the Dutch overwhelmingly prefer the word sturen. So, where do you actually hear and see the word zenden in everyday Dutch life? The answer lies in professional, technical, media, and institutional settings. Understanding these contexts is key to mastering the sociolinguistic nuances of the Dutch language. One of the most prominent places you will encounter zenden is in the world of media and broadcasting. If you listen to Dutch radio or watch Dutch television, you are constantly engaging with the concept of zenden. A television channel or radio station is referred to as a zender. For example, NPO 1 is a well-known Nederlandse zender. When a news anchor talks about a live broadcast, they will use the related verb uitzenden.

Welke zender staat er op de televisie aan?

Media Context
In media, zenden and its derivatives are the absolute standard for describing the transmission of audio and video content to the public.
Another highly common environment for zenden is the post office, e-commerce, and logistics. When you buy something online from a Dutch webshop, the checkout process will inevitably involve terms like verzenden (to dispatch) and verzendkosten (shipping costs). While you might say Ik stuur een pakketje to a friend, the official PostNL website will use formal language like het verzenden van uw pakket.

Wij zullen uw bestelling binnen twee werkdagen verzenden.

You will also hear zenden in formal business meetings and official correspondence. Lawyers, civil servants, and corporate executives frequently use zenden in their emails and letters to maintain a professional tone. Writing Wij zenden u de bijlage is considered more polite and formal than Wij sturen u de bijlage.
Corporate Communication
In B2B (business-to-business) communication, elevating your vocabulary by choosing zenden over sturen shows respect and professionalism.

De advocaat zal de contracten naar de rechtbank zenden.

Furthermore, zenden is prevalent in technology and IT. Devices that transmit data, such as a Wi-Fi router or a Bluetooth beacon, are described as zenden signalen (sending signals). A transmitter is literally a zender.
IT and Tech
When troubleshooting network issues, Dutch IT professionals will discuss whether the hardware is capable of properly zenden and ontvangen (sending and receiving).

De antenne kan geen data meer zenden door de storm.

De kerk is actief in de zending in het buitenland.

In conclusion, while you might not use zenden to text your mom, you will absolutely need it to understand the news, navigate Dutch e-commerce, read official letters, and work in professional environments. It is a cornerstone of formal and technical Dutch.
When learning the Dutch verb zenden, students frequently encounter a few specific pitfalls. Because it is an irregular verb with a highly common synonym (sturen), errors generally fall into two categories: grammatical mistakes involving conjugation, and sociolinguistic mistakes involving register and context. Let us thoroughly examine these common mistakes so you can avoid them and speak Dutch with greater confidence and accuracy. The most frequent grammatical mistake is treating zenden as a regular (weak) verb. Many beginners assume the past tense is formed by adding -de or -te to the stem. This leads to the incorrect forms zendde or gezend.

Fout: Ik zendde een brief. Goed: Ik zond een brief.

Past Participle Error
Another widespread error is saying 'ik heb gezend'. The correct past participle is 'gezonden'. The -en ending is typical for strong verbs in Dutch.

Fout: Heb jij het pakket gezend? Goed: Heb jij het pakket gezonden?

Another common grammatical issue arises with the present tense spelling of the third-person singular. The stem of the verb is zend. To form the hij/zij/het form, you must add a t. This results in zendt. Because the d and t together sound exactly like a single t, learners often forget to write the t, writing hij zend instead of the correct hij zendt. This is known as a dt-fout (dt-mistake) and is notoriously common even among native Dutch speakers!
The DT Spelling Rule
Always apply the 'smurf' rule. Replace the verb with 'smurfen' (to smurf). Hij smurft (ends in t), so it must be hij zendt (ends in t).

Fout: De machine zend een signaal. Goed: De machine zendt een signaal.

Beyond grammar, the most significant mistake is contextual. Learners often use zenden in casual situations where it sounds unnatural and overly formal. If you are texting a friend to send you a funny video, using zenden sounds like you are drafting a legal document.
Register Mismatch
Using highly formal vocabulary in an informal setting can create distance between you and the speaker, making you sound like a robot or a bureaucrat.

Onnatuurlijk: Zend mij een appje. Beter: Stuur mij een appje.

Onnatuurlijk: Ik zal je de foto zenden. Beter: Ik zal je de foto sturen.

Lastly, learners sometimes confuse the prefixes. Verzenden means to dispatch goods or official mail, while uitzenden means to broadcast media. Saying De televisie zal het pakket verzenden is nonsensical, just as saying Ik ga de brief uitzenden is incorrect. Pay close attention to which prefix matches the context. By avoiding these conjugation errors, spelling traps, and register mismatches, you will use zenden like a true professional.
The Dutch language is rich with vocabulary related to sending, moving, and transmitting items or information. While zenden is a powerful and formal word, it belongs to a family of synonyms and related terms that are essential for any learner to understand. Knowing when to use zenden versus its alternatives will drastically improve the natural flow of your Dutch. The most important and widely used alternative is sturen. Sturen is the everyday, all-purpose word for sending.
Zenden vs. Sturen
Sturen is casual and ubiquitous. You sturen a text message, you sturen a child to bed, and you sturen a casual email. Zenden is reserved for formal dispatch, broadcasting, and technical transmission.

Ik zal je vanavond een berichtje sturen.

Another very common alternative is the prefixed verb verzenden. Verzenden is highly specific to logistics, e-commerce, and official mail. It translates best to 'to dispatch' or 'to ship'. When you buy something online, the webshop does not just zenden the package; they verzenden it.
Verzenden
Use verzenden when referring to the entire process of processing and shipping an order or a formal batch of documents.

Het bedrijf zal de goederen morgen verzenden.

If you are talking about broadcasting media, the specific alternative is uitzenden. You cannot use sturen for a television show. A radio or TV station must uitzenden (broadcast) its programs.

De omroep zal de documentaire zaterdag uitzenden.

For forwarding something that you have received to a third party, the correct verb is doorsturen or doorzenden. Doorsturen is the common term used for forwarding an email or a WhatsApp message.
Forwarding
Doorsturen is casual and standard for emails. Doorzenden is highly formal, perhaps used for forwarding official legal documents between government departments.

Kun je die grappige video naar mij doorsturen?

Finally, there is the verb overbrengen, which means to convey or transfer. This is often used for abstract concepts, like conveying a message, a feeling, or greetings. You do not zenden greetings; you brengt ze over.

Ik zal uw condoleances aan de familie overbrengen.

By mastering sturen for daily life, verzenden for logistics, uitzenden for media, and overbrengen for abstract messages, you will navigate the Dutch language with the precision of a native speaker, reserving zenden for exactly the right formal and technical moments.
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수준별 예문

1

Ik zend een brief.

I send a letter.

Present tense, first person singular. The stem is 'zend'.

2

Hij zendt een e-mail.

He sends an email.

Present tense, third person singular. Add 't' to the stem: 'zendt'.

3

Wij zenden een pakket.

We send a package.

Present tense, first person plural. Use the full infinitive 'zenden'.

4

Zij zenden een bericht.

They send a message.

Present tense, third person plural.

5

Zend jij de brief?

Do you send the letter?

Question form. When 'jij' is after the verb, drop the 't'.

6

De radio zendt muziek.

The radio sends (broadcasts) music.

Third person singular applied to an object.

7

Ik zend het nu.

I send it now.

Using time adverbs with the present tense.

8

Jullie zenden veel brieven.

You (plural) send many letters.

Present tense, second person plural.

1

Gisteren zond ik een brief naar mijn oma.

Yesterday I sent a letter to my grandma.

Simple past tense, singular. Vowel changes to 'o'.

2

Wij zonden het pakket vorige week.

We sent the package last week.

Simple past tense, plural: 'zonden'.

3

Heb jij de e-mail al gezonden?

Have you already sent the email?

Present perfect tense using 'hebben' and past participle 'gezonden'.

4

De leraar zendt het huiswerk via het internet.

The teacher sends the homework via the internet.

Formal use of present tense in an educational context.

5

Het bedrijf heeft de documenten gezonden.

The company has sent the documents.

Present perfect in a business context.

6

Zond hij het bericht op tijd?

Did he send the message on time?

Question in the simple past tense.

7

Zij zonden ons een mooie kaart.

They sent us a beautiful card.

Past tense plural with an indirect object ('ons').

8

Ik zal de informatie morgen zenden.

I will send the information tomorrow.

Future tense using 'zullen' + infinitive.

1

De webshop zal de bestelling vandaag nog verzenden.

The webshop will dispatch the order today.

Use of the inseparable prefix 'ver-' for shipping goods.

2

De televisie zendt de belangrijke voetbalwedstrijd live uit.

The television broadcasts the important football match live.

Use of the separable prefix 'uit-'. Notice 'uit' moves to the end.

3

Het pakket wordt door de postbode gezonden.

The package is sent by the postman.

Passive voice in the present tense using 'wordt'.

4

Wilt u deze e-mail alstublieft naar de manager doorzenden?

Would you please forward this email to the manager?

Use of 'doorzenden' for forwarding information.

5

De wedstrijd is gisteren op alle zenders uitgezonden.

The match was broadcast on all channels yesterday.

Present perfect of a separable verb: 'uitgezonden'.

6

Je moet je inschrijvingsformulier voor vrijdag inzenden.

You must submit your registration form before Friday.

Use of 'inzenden' for submitting documents or entries.

7

Wij hebben uw klacht ontvangen en doorgezonden naar de juiste afdeling.

We have received your complaint and forwarded it to the correct department.

Past participle of separable verb 'doorzenden' is 'doorgezonden'.

8

De zender heeft besloten het programma niet meer uit te zenden.

The channel has decided not to broadcast the program anymore.

Infinitive construction with 'te' inside a separable verb: 'uit te zenden'.

1

Hierbij zend ik u de gevraagde documentatie ter inzage.

Hereby I send you the requested documentation for your review.

Highly formal business phrasing using 'Hierbij zend ik u'.

2

De satelliet zendt onafgebroken ge

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