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A1 verb 13분 분량

dostawać

to receive

At the A1 level, the focus is on the most basic and literal meaning of 'dostawać'—receiving physical objects. Students learn to use it in simple present tense sentences to describe everyday occurrences. The primary goal is to understand that 'dostawać' means 'to get' or 'to receive' something from someone else. You will use it to talk about birthday presents, school grades, or simple items like a piece of candy or a letter. At this stage, learners should focus on the first-person singular form 'dostaję' (I receive) and the second-person singular 'dostajesz' (you receive) to engage in basic conversations. For example, 'Co dostajesz na urodziny?' (What do you get for your birthday?). The grammar is kept simple, usually involving a subject, the verb, and a direct object in the Accusative case. Learners are introduced to the idea that this is something that happens regularly or is happening now. The distinction between imperfective and perfective is mentioned but not heavily emphasized yet; the focus is on building a functional vocabulary for basic needs. You will hear this word in classroom settings when teachers hand out papers or in family settings when sharing items. It is one of the first verbs learned because it is essential for expressing gratitude and describing social interactions involving gifts or rewards. By the end of A1, you should be able to say what you get from your parents, your friends, or your boss in simple terms.
At the A2 level, learners expand their use of 'dostawać' to include the past and future tenses, allowing them to describe habits from their childhood or plans for the future. The focus shifts to the frequency of receiving. You will start using adverbs like 'często' (often), 'rzadko' (rarely), and 'zawsze' (always) to qualify the action. This level introduces the imperfective past forms: 'dostawałem' (masculine) and 'dostawałam' (feminine). A2 learners use these to talk about their history, such as 'W szkole dostawałem dobre stopnie' (I used to get good grades in school). The future tense 'będę dostawać' is also introduced for ongoing future actions. Contexts expand to include digital communication, such as receiving emails (e-maile) or text messages (SMS-y). Learners also begin to understand the negation rule: when you say 'I don't receive...', the object changes to the Genitive case (e.g., 'Nie dostaję listów'). Social contexts like holidays (Christmas, Easter) become a primary area for practicing this verb. You learn to ask others about their traditions of receiving gifts. The idea of 'dostawać' as an ongoing process becomes clearer, and students start to distinguish it from the one-time 'dostać'. This level also introduces simple idiomatic uses, like 'dostawać lanie' (to get a spanking/beating, though used more figuratively now) or 'dostawać kieszonkowe' (to receive pocket money).
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At the B1 level, 'dostawać' is used for more abstract concepts and in more complex sentence structures. Learners move beyond physical gifts to receiving information, feedback, and abstract opportunities. You will use the verb to describe processes in the workplace or university, such as 'Dostaję instrukcje od szefa' (I am receiving instructions from the boss). The B1 level also explores the use of 'dostawać' in subordinate clauses and with conditional moods. For example, 'Gdybym więcej pracował, dostawałbym większą premię' (If I worked more, I would receive a larger bonus). Learners are expected to handle the plural forms of the verb and various cases for the objects with more confidence. Cultural nuances, such as 'Imieniny' (Name Days) and the specific types of gifts received in Poland, are discussed using this verb. You also start to encounter 'dostawać' in the context of health and physical sensations, like 'dostawać kataru' (to get a runny nose) or 'dostawać gorączki' (to get a fever). The B1 level emphasizes the stylistic difference between 'dostawać' and the more formal 'otrzymywać', teaching students when to use which. You will also learn to use the verb in the context of social benefits, such as 'dostawać zasiłek' (to receive a benefit) or 'dostawać stypendium' (to receive a scholarship). This level marks the transition from simple reception to understanding the word as a part of broader social and professional systems.
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At the B2 level, 'dostawać' is integrated into idiomatic expressions and used to describe complex emotional and psychological states. Learners become familiar with phrases like 'dostawać szału' (to go crazy/furious), 'dostawać białej gorączki' (to hit the ceiling with anger), or 'dostawać gęsiej skórki' (to get goosebumps). These metaphorical uses show a deeper mastery of the language where 'receiving' is no longer just about physical objects but about being 'hit' by an emotion or a sensation. B2 students also use 'dostawać' in more sophisticated grammatical constructions, such as passive-like active structures and complex temporal sequences. You will learn to use the verb in discussions about social trends, for example, how people 'dostają' information from social media and how this affects their worldview. The distinction between 'dostawać' and other verbs like 'nabywać' (to acquire) or 'uzyskiwać' (to obtain) is refined. You will use 'dostawać' to describe regular occurrences in a system, like 'Dostajemy coraz więcej reklam' (We are receiving more and more advertisements). The focus is on fluency and the ability to use the verb naturally in long-form speech and writing. You will also explore the nuances of 'dostawać' in legal or administrative contexts where it might overlap with 'otrzymywać', but 'dostawać' is used to keep the tone slightly less formal but still clear. By this level, the verb is a flexible tool for describing any situation where something is being transferred to a recipient on a regular basis.
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At the C1 level, 'dostawać' is used with high precision in various registers, and learners explore its more obscure or stylistic applications. You will analyze how 'dostawać' functions in literature and high-level journalism to create specific tones. For instance, using 'dostawać' in a formal report might be a deliberate choice to sound more direct or to emphasize the repetitive nature of a bureaucratic failure. C1 learners study the history of the word and its relationship to other Slavic cognates, gaining a deeper appreciation for its etymological roots. You will also master the most subtle idiomatic uses, such as 'dostawać w kość' (to get a hard time/be worn out) or 'dostawać po uszach' (to get a scolding). The focus is on the nuances of meaning—how 'dostawać' can imply a lack of agency on the part of the receiver, which can be used to shift blame or emphasize victimhood in a sophisticated way. You will use the verb to discuss philosophical concepts, like 'dostawać dar od losu' (to receive a gift from fate). Grammatically, you will be comfortable using 'dostawać' in all its forms, including rare participle forms if necessary, though the focus remains on natural, high-level active usage. You will also be able to explain the difference between 'dostawać' and 'odbierać' in complex scenarios, such as receiving a signal vs. picking up a physical object. At this level, the verb is no longer a vocabulary item to be learned but a versatile instrument for nuanced expression.
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At the C2 level, 'dostawać' is used with the effortless grace of a native speaker, including an understanding of its use in archaic texts, regional dialects, and specialized jargon. You will be able to identify when 'dostawać' is used ironically or sarcastically. For example, 'Dostajesz dokładnie to, na co zasługujesz' (You are getting exactly what you deserve) can carry heavy emotional weight depending on the context. C2 learners can use the verb in complex academic discussions about linguistics, explaining its aspectual relationship with 'dostać' as a prime example of the Polish verbal system. You will also be familiar with how 'dostawać' appears in Polish proverbs and folk wisdom. Your use of the verb will be characterized by perfect case control, even in the most convoluted sentences with multiple negations and nested clauses. You will understand the subtle difference between 'dostawać' and 'dostawać się' (to get somewhere, e.g., 'dostawać się na studia'—to get into university), which is a separate but related linguistic path. At this level, you can also manipulate the register, choosing 'dostawać' over formal synonyms to create a sense of intimacy or urgency. You will be able to write professional critiques where you describe how a character 'dostaje' a revelation or how a plot 'dostaje' momentum. The verb becomes a part of your intuitive linguistic repertoire, allowing you to express the finest shades of meaning in any situation, from a high-level diplomatic meeting to a casual conversation with a close friend.
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예시

The Polish verb dostawać is a fundamental building block of the Polish language, primarily meaning 'to receive' or 'to get'. It is the imperfective form of the verb, which implies that the action of receiving is either ongoing, repeated, or a general habit. In everyday life, Polish speakers use this word to describe the process of obtaining something from another person, an institution, or even from life itself. Whether you are talking about receiving a birthday gift, getting a salary, or obtaining a grade in school, dostawać is the go-to verb for these scenarios. It captures the essence of being the recipient of an action or an object. Understanding the nuance between the process of receiving and the completed act of having received is crucial for mastering Polish grammar, and dostawać focuses on that continuous or habitual aspect of the experience.

Core Meaning
The primary function of 'dostawać' is to indicate the act of receiving something that is given, sent, or assigned to you. It covers physical objects, abstract concepts like information, and even physical or emotional states.

Często dostaję listy od mojej babci, która mieszka na wsi.

I often receive letters from my grandmother who lives in the countryside.

Beyond physical items, dostawać is frequently used in educational contexts. Students in Poland do not just 'get' grades; they 'receive' them. This verb is also used for regular payments. For instance, if you receive a monthly allowance or a pension, you would use this verb to describe that recurring event. It is also common in the context of receiving news or messages. In the digital age, we 'dostajemy' (receive) emails, notifications, and text messages constantly. The verb is versatile because it can handle everything from a simple 'thank you' to a complex legal document. It is important to note that because it is imperfective, it often pairs with frequency adverbs like 'często' (often), 'zawsze' (always), or 'rzadko' (rarely).

Social Context
In Polish culture, the act of giving and receiving is deeply rooted in traditions like 'Imieniny' (Name Days). People 'dostają' flowers and sweets as a sign of respect and affection.

Dzieci dostają prezenty od Świętego Mikołaja w grudniu.

Children receive presents from Saint Nicholas in December.

The word also extends to biological and emotional reactions. In Polish, one can 'dostawać szału' (to go crazy/furious) or 'dostawać gęsiej skórki' (to get goosebumps). These metaphorical uses show that the verb is not limited to external objects but also covers internal states that 'come upon' a person. It suggests a lack of total control over the reception; the state or the object is directed toward the person. This passive element of receiving is a key semantic feature. Even in medical contexts, one can 'dostawać' a prescription or 'dostawać' symptoms of a disease. It is a word that follows a person from the cradle to the grave, describing everything from the first toy received to the final retirement checks.

Grammar Hint
The verb 'dostawać' requires the Accusative case (Biernik) for the object being received. For example, 'dostaję list' (I receive a letter), where 'list' is in the accusative form.

Mój brat dostaje kieszonkowe co tydzień.

My brother receives pocket money every week.

Czy dostajesz powiadomienia na telefon?

Do you receive notifications on your phone?

Using dostawać correctly involves understanding its conjugation and the grammatical cases it triggers. As an -ać verb with a stem change in the present tense, it follows a specific pattern: dostaję, dostajesz, dostaje, dostajemy, dostajecie, dostają. The most important rule to remember is that the object being received must be in the Accusative case (Biernik). If you are receiving a masculine inanimate object like a 'list' (letter), the form stays the same. However, if it is a feminine object like 'paczka' (package), it changes to 'paczkę'. If the sentence is negated, the object shifts to the Genitive case (Dopełniacz), for example: 'Nie dostaję listu' (I am not receiving a letter).

Present Tense Usage
In the present tense, 'dostawać' describes habits or ongoing processes. It answers the question 'What do you usually get?' or 'What are you getting right now?'.

Każdego ranka dostaję świeże pieczywo od piekarza.

Every morning I receive fresh bread from the baker.

When moving to the past tense, dostawać becomes dostawałem (masculine) or dostawałam (feminine). This is used to describe things you used to get or were in the process of getting over a period of time. For instance, 'When I was a child, I used to get many toys' would be 'Kiedy byłem dzieckiem, dostawałem dużo zabawek'. This emphasizes the duration or the repetition of the act in the past. It is distinct from the perfective 'dostałem', which simply means 'I got it' as a one-time completed event. This distinction is one of the most challenging but rewarding parts of Polish aspectual pairs.

Future Tense
To form the future tense, use the auxiliary verb 'będę' with the infinitive or the past participle. 'Będę dostawać' means 'I will be receiving' (repeatedly).

Od przyszłego miesiąca będziemy dostawać wyższą pensję.

From next month, we will be receiving a higher salary.

In conditional sentences, dostawać can be used to describe hypothetical scenarios of reception. 'Dostawałbym więcej ofert, gdybym miał lepsze CV' (I would receive more offers if I had a better CV). This shows how the verb integrates into complex logical structures. Furthermore, the imperative form 'dostawaj' is rare but can be used in specific poetic or instructional contexts, though usually, the perfective 'dostań' is preferred for commands. The passive voice is also possible, though 'być otrzymywanym' (to be received) is more common in formal writing. In colloquial speech, people stick to the active forms of dostawać to keep communication fluid and natural.

Negation
When you negate 'dostawać', the object must change to the Genitive case. 'Nie dostaję (czego?) wiadomości' (I am not receiving a message).

On nigdy nie dostaje spamu na swoją skrzynkę.

He never receives spam in his inbox.

Czy studenci dostają zniżki na bilety kolejowe?

Do students receive discounts on train tickets?

You will encounter dostawać in nearly every corner of Polish life, from the post office to the dinner table. In a professional setting, it is the standard way to talk about receiving feedback, instructions, or remuneration. A manager might say, 'Będziesz dostawać raporty co poniedziałek' (You will be receiving reports every Monday). In the context of technology and the internet, it is used for every digital interaction. If you are waiting for a verification code on your phone, you might ask, 'Dostajesz już ten kod?' (Are you receiving that code yet?). It is a word that bridges the gap between formal administration and informal daily chatter.

In Schools and Universities
Polish students use this verb constantly to discuss their grades. 'Dostaję same piątki' means 'I am getting only fives' (the equivalent of straight As).

Uczniowie często dostają dużo zadań domowych na weekend.

Students often receive a lot of homework for the weekend.

In a domestic setting, dostawać is used when talking about mail or deliveries. With the rise of e-commerce in Poland, phrases like 'Często dostaję paczki z Paczkomatu' (I often receive packages from the parcel locker) have become ubiquitous. It is also used at the dinner table or in social gatherings when someone is being served. While 'podawać' means to pass something, 'dostawać' describes the recipient's side of the transaction. If you are at a restaurant and the waiter is bringing food to everyone except you, you might jokingly say, 'Wszyscy dostają jedzenie, a ja nie!' (Everyone is getting food, but I am not!).

In Healthcare
Patients 'dostają' prescriptions (recepty), referrals (skierowania), or specific treatments. It describes the ongoing care provided by doctors.

Pacjenci dostają leki przeciwbólowe po operacji.

Patients receive painkillers after surgery.

Finally, the word is heard in the media and news. Reporters might say, 'Dostajemy właśnie informacje o wypadku' (We are just receiving information about the accident). This usage highlights the immediacy of the imperfective aspect—the information is flowing in right now. In legal or bureaucratic contexts, you might hear about citizens 'dostających dotacje' (receiving subsidies) or 'dostających wezwania' (receiving summons). The word is truly a linguistic workhorse, appearing in both the most mundane and the most critical moments of life in Poland. Whether it is a child receiving a candy or a nation receiving international aid, dostawać is the word that connects the giver to the receiver.

In Media
News anchors use 'dostawać' to describe breaking news as it arrives in the studio.

Właśnie dostajemy najnowsze wyniki głosowania.

We are just receiving the latest voting results.

Czy często dostajesz zaproszenia na imprezy?

Do you often receive invitations to parties?

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make with dostawać is failing to distinguish it from its perfective partner, dostać. Because English often uses 'get' for both habitual and one-time actions, learners might say 'Wczoraj dostawałem prezent' when they mean 'I got a gift yesterday'. In Polish, using the imperfective dostawałem here would imply that the act of receiving the gift was a long, drawn-out process or something that happened repeatedly yesterday, which sounds very strange. For a single, completed event in the past, you must use dostałem. Using dostawać correctly requires a mindset shift toward the 'how' and 'how often' of the action, rather than just the result.

Case Confusion
Many learners forget that 'dostawać' requires the Accusative case for positive sentences and the Genitive case for negative sentences. Mixing these up is a hallmark of an intermediate learner.

Błąd: Nie dostaję prezent (Accusative). Poprawnie: Nie dostaję prezentu (Genitive).

Error: I don't receive a gift. Correct: I don't receive a gift (with proper case).

Another common pitfall is confusing dostawać with brać (to take). In English, 'get' can sometimes mean 'to take' or 'to fetch' (e.g., 'Go get the milk'). In Polish, dostawać is strictly passive reception—someone gives it to you. If you are the one actively reaching out to grab something, you should use brać or wziąć. If you say 'Dostaję mleko z lodówki', a Pole might imagine the refrigerator is somehow gifting you the milk. Instead, you should say 'Biorę mleko z lodówki' (I am taking the milk from the fridge). Understanding the direction of the action is vital.

Overusing Formal Synonyms
Learners often find 'otrzymywać' in dictionaries and use it in casual conversation. While correct, it sounds overly stiff. 'Dostawać' is much more natural for everyday talk.

Błąd: Czy otrzymujesz moje SMS-y? (Too formal). Poprawnie: Czy dostajesz moje SMS-y?

Error: Are you receiving (formal) my texts? Correct: Are you receiving (natural) my texts?

Finally, there is the issue of 'dostawać' vs. 'mieć' (to have). Sometimes learners use 'dostawać' when they simply want to say they have something. 'Dostaję psa' means 'I am in the process of getting a dog' (perhaps someone is handing it to you right now, or you get dogs regularly), whereas 'Mam psa' means 'I have a dog'. Be careful not to use the verb of receiving when you intend to describe the state of possession. Also, watch out for the conjugation of the third person plural: it is 'dostają', not 'dostawają' (a common mistake made by analogy with other verbs). Keeping these distinctions in mind will help you sound much more like a native speaker.

Conjugation Trap
The 'w' from the infinitive 'dostawać' disappears in the present tense (dostaję, not dostawaję). This is a common point of confusion for beginners.

Oni dostają (correct) vs Oni dostawają (incorrect).

They receive (correct) vs They receive (incorrect conjugation).

Nie dostaję żadnych odpowiedzi na moje pytania.

I am not receiving any answers to my questions.

While dostawać is the most versatile verb for receiving, Polish offers several alternatives depending on the level of formality and the specific context. The most direct synonym is otrzymywać. This verb also means 'to receive' but carries a more formal, official weight. You would see otrzymywać in business letters, legal documents, or academic writing. For example, a diploma is usually 'otrzymywany' rather than just 'dostawany'. Another related verb is przyjmować, which means 'to accept' or 'to take in'. While dostawać focuses on the act of something arriving at you, przyjmować emphasizes your active role in welcoming or agreeing to take that thing.

Dostawać vs. Otrzymywać
Dostawać: Casual, everyday, used for gifts, grades, and messages. Otrzymywać: Formal, used for awards, official correspondence, and scientific results.

Prezydent otrzymuje listy od obywateli.

The President receives (formal) letters from citizens.

Another interesting alternative is nabywać, which means 'to acquire'. This is often used for skills, property, or habits. It implies a more gradual process of getting something, often through effort or over time. For example, 'nabywać doświadczenie' (to acquire experience). If you want to say you 'got' something in the sense of 'bought' it, you might use kupować (to buy) or zaopatrywać się (to provide oneself with). In slang, you might hear zgarniać, which literally means 'to scoop up' but is used to mean 'to win' or 'to get' something quickly or in large quantities, like 'zgarniać nagrody' (to sweep the awards).

Dostawać vs. Przyjmować
Dostawać: The item reaches you. Przyjmować: You accept the item into your possession or space.

Lekarz przyjmuje pacjentów od rana.

The doctor receives/accepts patients from the morning.

There is also the verb uzyskiwać, which means 'to obtain' or 'to achieve'. This is common when talking about results, permissions, or information that required some action to get. For instance, 'uzyskiwać pozwolenie' (to obtain permission). While dostawać is passive, uzyskiwać suggests you did something to make it happen. Lastly, for physical transmission, odbierać (to pick up/receive) is used specifically for things like phone calls, packages from a courier, or children from school. 'Odbieram telefon' means 'I am answering the phone', whereas 'Dostaję telefon' would mean 'I am receiving a phone (as a gift)'. Choosing the right verb adds precision and flavor to your Polish.

Comparison Table
  • Dostawać: General receiving (neutral).
  • Otrzymywać: Official receiving (formal).
  • Odbierać: Picking up or answering (specific).
  • Uzyskiwać: Obtaining through effort (result-oriented).

Muszę odebrać paczkę z poczty.

I have to pick up a package from the post office.

Student uzyskuje dobre wyniki w nauce.

The student achieves/obtains good results in learning.
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수준별 예문

1

Ja często dostaję prezenty.

I often receive presents.

Uses 'dostaję' (1st person singular) and 'prezenty' (plural accusative).

2

Czy ty dostajesz listy?

Do you receive letters?

Question form using 'dostajesz' (2nd person singular).

3

On dostaje dobre stopnie w szkole.

He gets good grades in school.

Uses 'dostaje' (3rd person singular).

4

My dostajemy kawę rano.

We get coffee in the morning.

Uses 'dostajemy' (1st person plural).

5

Dzieci dostają cukierki.

Children receive candies.

Uses 'dostają' (3rd person plural).

6

Czy dostajecie kieszonkowe?

Do you (plural) receive pocket money?

Uses 'dostajecie' (2nd person plural).

7

Ona dostaje kwiaty co tydzień.

She receives flowers every week.

Indicates a habitual action with 'co tydzień'.

8

Nie dostaję spamu.

I don't receive spam.

Negation requires the Genitive case 'spamu'.

1

Kiedyś dostawałem więcej listów.

I used to receive more letters in the past.

Past tense imperfective 'dostawałem' implies a past habit.

2

Będziemy dostawać raporty pocztą.

We will be receiving reports by mail.

Future tense 'będziemy dostawać' for an ongoing future action.

3

Czy dostawałaś prezenty na mikołajki?

Did you (feminine) use to get presents on St. Nicholas Day?

Past tense feminine 'dostawałaś'.

4

Oni rzadko dostają paczki.

They rarely receive packages.

Uses frequency adverb 'rzadko'.

5

Zawsze dostaję zniżkę w tej kawiarni.

I always get a discount in this cafe.

Uses 'zawsze' to show a rule or habit.

6

Moja siostra dostaje stypendium.

My sister receives a scholarship.

Formal object 'stypendium' used with 'dostaje'.

7

Czy dostajecie już nasze e-maile?

Are you already receiving our emails?

Uses 'już' to ask about a newly established process.

8

Nie dostawaliśmy żadnych wiadomości.

We weren't receiving any messages.

Negated past plural form.

1

Dostaję gęsiej skórki, gdy słyszę tę muzykę.

I get goosebumps when I hear this music.

Idiomatic use of 'dostawać' for physical reactions.

2

Pracownicy często dostają premie za wyniki.

Employees often receive bonuses for results.

Professional context.

3

Dostawałem instrukcje, ale ich nie rozumiałem.

I was receiving instructions, but I didn't understand them.

Contrast between receiving (imperfective) and understanding.

4

Czy dostajecie wystarczająco dużo wsparcia?

Are you receiving enough support?

Abstract object 'wsparcie' (support).

5

On dostaje szału, gdy ktoś się spóźnia.

He goes crazy when someone is late.

Idiom 'dostawać szału'.

6

Dostajemy wiele zapytań od klientów.

We receive many inquiries from customers.

Business context.

7

Będziesz dostawać powiadomienia o zmianach.

You will be receiving notifications about changes.

Future continuous action.

8

Nie dostawaj negatywnych myśli.

Don't get negative thoughts.

Imperative form (rare but possible in advice).

1

Dostaję białej gorączki, kiedy widzę ten bałagan.

I hit the ceiling with anger when I see this mess.

Strong idiom for extreme anger.

2

W tej firmie dostaje się wiele możliwości rozwoju.

In this company, one receives many development opportunities.

Impersonal form 'dostaje się'.

3

Dostawałem w kość podczas treningu.

I was getting a hard time during the training.

Idiom 'dostawać w kość' meaning to be worn out.

4

Czy dostajecie sygnały, że sytuacja się poprawia?

Are you receiving signals that the situation is improving?

Metaphorical 'signals'.

5

Dostajemy sprzeczne informacje z różnych źródeł.

We are receiving conflicting information from various sources.

Analytical context.

6

Często dostaję zaproszenia na konferencje naukowe.

I often receive invitations to scientific conferences.

Academic context.

7

Dostawałbyś lepsze oferty, gdybyś znał języki.

You would receive better offers if you knew languages.

Conditional mood.

8

Nie dostawajcie lęku przed zmianami.

Don't get anxious about changes.

Imperative plural.

1

Dostajemy właśnie potwierdzenie o transakcji.

We are just receiving confirmation of the transaction.

Focus on the immediacy of the process.

2

Dostawać po uszach za cudze błędy to nic miłego.

To get a scolding for someone else's mistakes is nothing pleasant.

Infinitive as a subject with an idiom.

3

Dostawałem regularne wpłaty od anonimowego darczyńcy.

I was receiving regular payments from an anonymous donor.

Narrative past.

4

Czy państwo dostają regularnie nasze biuletyny?

Do you (formal) receive our newsletters regularly?

Formal plural address 'Państwo'.

5

Dostajemy sygnały o nieprawidłowościach w systemie.

We are receiving signals about irregularities in the system.

Technical/Audit context.

6

Dostawałbyś większe uznanie, gdybyś był bardziej asertywny.

You would receive more recognition if you were more assertive.

Psychological/Professional context.

7

Nie dostawajcie paranoi z powodu tych plotek.

Don't get paranoid because of these rumors.

Strong emotional imperative.

8

Dostajemy od losu drugą szansę.

We are receiving a second chance from fate.

무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

관련 콘텐츠

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