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B1 noun 5분 분량

инициатива

예시 노트와 팁 инициатива 30초 만에
설명 инициатива in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'инициатива' might seem like a complex word, but you can understand it as 'the first step' or 'a new idea.' Think of it as when you say 'I have an idea' or 'Let's do this.' It is a feminine noun, so you use 'моя инициатива' (my initiative). At this stage, just recognize that it refers to being active and starting something. You might hear it in simple classroom settings like 'Кто проявит инициативу и ответит?' (Who will show initiative and answer?). It is a direct cognate to English, which makes it easier to remember. Focus on the fact that it ends in -а and is feminine.
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기
At the A2 level, you should start using 'инициатива' in basic sentences about work or hobbies. You can learn the phrase 'проявить инициативу' (to show initiative). For example, 'Он проявил инициативу и купил билеты' (He showed initiative and bought the tickets). You should also be aware of the accusative case: 'взять инициативу' (to take the initiative). At this level, you understand that this word describes a person who doesn't wait for others to act. You might use it to describe a good student or a helpful friend. It's about being proactive in simple, everyday situations.
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기
At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'инициатива' in more formal and varied contexts. You should understand collocations like 'законодательная инициатива' (legislative initiative) and 'частная инициатива' (private initiative). You can discuss the importance of initiative in the workplace: 'На работе важно проявлять инициативу, чтобы получить повышение' (At work, it's important to show initiative to get a promotion). You should also be comfortable with the word in different cases, especially the genitive ('по инициативе' - at the initiative of). You understand that this word is not just about acting, but about the *right* or *opportunity* to act first.
At the B2 level, you can use 'инициатива' to discuss social and political issues. You understand the nuances between 'инициатива' and synonyms like 'предприимчивость' or 'активность.' You can use the word in abstract discussions, such as 'инициатива в международных отношениях' (initiative in international relations). You are familiar with the idiom 'инициатива наказуема' and can use it ironically in conversation. You can handle complex grammatical structures, like 'выступить с инициативой создания нового фонда' (to come forward with an initiative to create a new fund). Your pronunciation and stress (инициатИва) should be consistent.
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기
At the C1 level, 'инициатива' becomes a tool for professional and academic discourse. You can analyze the 'право законодательной инициативы' (the right of legislative initiative) in a legal context. You understand the historical weight of the word, including its use in Soviet labor movements ('социалистическая инициатива'). You can use the word to describe complex psychological traits or management strategies. You are comfortable with the plural 'инициативы' in phrases like 'пакет мирных инициатив' (a package of peace initiatives). You can distinguish between 'личная инициатива' and 'коллективная инициатива' with ease and explain the subtle differences in their social impact.
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기
At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'инициатива.' You can use it in high-level literary or philosophical contexts. You might discuss the 'кризис инициативы' in modern society or the 'диалектика инициативы и ответственности.' You understand every possible connotation, including the most subtle ironies and historical echoes. You can write official documents or manifestos using the word with perfect precision. You can effortlessly switch between formal legal usage and colloquial idioms. You understand the word's etymology from Latin 'initium' and how it has evolved within the Russian linguistic landscape over centuries.
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예시 노트와 팁

инициатива 30초 만에

  • A feminine noun meaning the ability or right to act first and propose new ideas.
  • Commonly used with verbs like 'проявлять' (show) and 'взять' (take) in professional and personal life.
  • Includes formal meanings like 'законодательная инициатива' for government and legal contexts.
  • Essential for describing proactive behavior, leadership, and the starting point of social or business projects.

The Russian word инициатива is a powerful noun that transcends simple 'activity' or 'action.' At its core, it represents the internal drive or the external right to be the first to act, propose, or lead a movement. In Russian culture, the concept of initiative is often viewed through a prism of both professional ambition and personal responsibility. While it is a direct cognate to the English 'initiative,' its usage in Russian carries specific weights depending on the grammatical case and the verbs it pairs with. For instance, 'проявить инициативу' (to show initiative) is a standard requirement in modern Russian job descriptions, yet there remains an old, slightly cynical Soviet-era proverb: 'инициатива наказуема' (initiative is punishable), which suggests that being the first to speak up might lead to more work or blame. However, in the 21st century, particularly in tech, business, and social activism, инициатива is celebrated as a key trait of a leader.

Professional Context
In a workplace, this word refers to the ability to see a problem and propose a solution without being told. It is the engine of career growth.
Social Context
It refers to grassroots movements, such as 'гражданская инициатива' (civil initiative), where citizens organize to improve their local environment.
Interpersonal Context
In dating or friendships, it describes who makes the first move or suggests a plan for the evening.

Молодой специалист сразу взял инициативу в свои руки и предложил новый план развития отдела.

Без вашей инициативы этот проект никогда бы не сдвинулся с мертвой точки.

Законодательная инициатива принадлежит президенту и парламенту.

Она всегда ждет инициативы от других, редко предлагая что-то сама.

Группа жителей проявила инициативу по благоустройству парка.

Using инициатива correctly requires understanding its collocations with specific Russian verbs. The most common verb is 'проявлять' (to manifest/show). When you show initiative, you are demonstrating your character. Another frequent pairing is 'перехватить' (to intercept/take over), used when someone else was leading, but you stepped in to take control. In political or formal discourse, you will often hear 'выступить с инициативой' (to come forward with an initiative). This implies a formal proposal, such as a peace treaty or a new tax law. Grammatically, remember that the word follows the first declension pattern. In the plural, it becomes 'инициативы', which is often used when discussing a broad set of proposals or movements, such as 'экологические инициативы' (environmental initiatives).

Accusative Case (Object)
Я поддерживаю вашу инициативу (I support your initiative). Here, the ending changes from -а to -у.
Genitive Case (Possession/Lack)
У него нет никакой инициативы (He has no initiative at all). Note the ending -ы.
Instrumental Case (By means of)
Мы гордимся его инициативой (We are proud of his initiative). Ending changes to -ой.

Директор похвалил сотрудников за проявленную инициативу в решении кризиса.

В шахматах очень важно владеть инициативой с самых первых ходов.

Мы ждем новых инициатив от нашего молодежного совета.

You will encounter инициатива in a variety of settings across Russia. In the news, it is almost constantly used to describe government proposals ('правительственная инициатива') or international diplomatic efforts. In the corporate world, HR managers use it to evaluate employees; a 'lack of initiative' (отсутствие инициативы) is a common critique in performance reviews. Interestingly, in everyday life, Russians might use it to discuss social dynamics. If a friend says, 'Почему я всегда должен проявлять инициативу?' they are complaining that they are always the one calling and organizing hangouts. The word is also central to the 'Civil Initiative' (Гражданская инициатива) discourse, which refers to non-governmental organizations and volunteer groups working to solve social issues. From the halls of the Kremlin to a local coffee shop where two friends are planning a trip, this word serves as the linguistic bridge for the concept of 'starting something new.'

News & Media
Used for legislative changes, peace proposals, and large-scale economic projects.
Office Culture
Used in feedback, brainstorming sessions, and project management discussions.

По инициативе мэра в городе началось строительство новых велодорожек.

Нам нужно больше частной инициативы в сфере малого бизнеса.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with инициатива is treating it as a masculine noun because of its somewhat 'strong' meaning. Remember, it ends in -а and is strictly feminine. Another common error is using the wrong verb. While in English we 'take' initiative, in Russian, while 'взять инициативу' is perfectly correct, 'проявить инициативу' (to manifest/show initiative) is often more natural when describing a personality trait. Learners also sometimes confuse 'инициатива' with 'начало' (beginning). While related, 'начало' is the point in time when something starts, whereas инициатива is the active force or the proposal that leads to that start. Finally, be careful with the stress—it is always on the penultimate 'и': иници-а-тИ-ва. Misplacing the stress can make the word difficult for native speakers to recognize immediately.

Gender Mismatch
Incorrect: 'Твой инициатив'. Correct: 'Твоя инициатива'.
Verb Confusion
Don't say 'делать инициативу'. Say 'проявлять' or 'выступать с инициативой'.

While инициатива is the standard term, Russian offers several synonyms depending on the context. 'Предприимчивость' (resourcefulness/entrepreneurship) is used when the initiative is specifically aimed at making a profit or finding clever solutions. 'Почин' is a more poetic or old-fashioned word for 'start' or 'initiative,' often used in historical or labor contexts (e.g., 'стахановский почин'). 'Активность' (activity) is a broader term that simply means being active, whereas initiative implies a specific new direction. If you want to describe the 'first step,' you might use 'первый шаг'. Understanding these nuances allows you to choose the most precise word for your situation.

Инициатива vs. Предприимчивость
Инициатива is the act of starting; предприимчивость is the character trait of being business-savvy and proactive.
Инициатива vs. Активность
Активность is just doing things; инициатива is deciding *what* new thing to do.

Его предприимчивость помогла компании выйти на новый рынок.

Это был смелый почин, который поддержали все коллеги.

How Formal Is It?

격식체

""

중립

""

비격식체

""

Child friendly

""

속어

""

재미있는 사실

Although 'инициатива' sounds very modern and corporate, it has been used in Russian military and legal texts for over 150 years to describe the right of command and the right to propose laws.

발음 가이드

UK /ɪnʲɪt͡sɨɐˈtʲivə/
US /ɪnʲɪt͡sɨɐˈtʲivə/
иници-а-тИ-ва (Stress is on the 'и' in the third syllable)
라임이 맞는 단어
перспектива (perspektiva) альтернатива (alternativa) директива (direktiva) инвектива (invektiva) актива (aktiva) презерватива (prezervativa) норматива (normativa) коллектива (kollektiva)
자주 하는 실수
  • Pronouncing 'ц' as 'с'. It should be a sharp 'ts' sound.
  • Putting stress on the first syllable 'Инициатива'.
  • Pronouncing the final 'а' too clearly; it should be slightly reduced.
  • Treating it as a masculine word.
  • Confusing the 'и' and 'е' sounds in the middle.

난이도

독해 2/5

Easy to recognize for English speakers due to its Latin root.

쓰기 3/5

Requires correct spelling of the 'и' and 'ц' sequence.

말하기 4/5

Stress placement and the hard 'ц' can be tricky for beginners.

듣기 2/5

Clearly pronounced and distinctive sound.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

начало делать идея новый человек

다음에 배울 것

инициатор предприимчивость ответственность руководство самостоятельность

고급

детерминизм волюнтаризм субъективность прерогатива ратификация

알아야 할 문법

Feminine nouns in -а

инициатива (Nom), инициативу (Acc)

Genitive after negation

Нет никакой инициативы.

Instrumental with 'с'

Выступить с инициативой.

Dative with 'по'

По инициативе (Note: This is actually Genitive in the fixed phrase 'по инициативе', but 'по' usually takes Dative).

Agreement of adjectives

Личная инициатива (Feminine agreement).

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

수준별 예문

1

Это моя инициатива.

This is my initiative.

Feminine noun with 'моя'.

2

Где твоя инициатива?

Where is your initiative?

Question form using 'твоя'.

3

Инициатива — это хорошо.

Initiative is good.

Simple subject-predicate structure.

4

У него есть инициатива.

He has initiative.

Using 'у него есть' construction.

5

Она любит проявлять инициативу.

She likes to show initiative.

Infinitive after 'любит'.

6

Это была его инициатива.

It was his initiative.

Past tense 'была' agrees with feminine 'инициатива'.

7

Нам нужна ваша инициатива.

We need your initiative.

Adjective 'нужна' agrees with feminine noun.

8

Спасибо за инициативу!

Thanks for the initiative!

Preposition 'за' requires the accusative case.

1

Он проявил инициативу в работе.

He showed initiative in his work.

Past tense verb 'проявил'.

2

Мы ждем вашей инициативы.

We are waiting for your initiative.

Verb 'ждать' here uses the genitive case.

3

Кто взял инициативу на себя?

Who took the initiative upon themselves?

Phrase 'взять на себя'.

4

У неё нет никакой инициативы.

She has no initiative at all.

Genitive case after negation.

5

Это отличная инициатива для школы.

This is an excellent initiative for the school.

Adjective agreement 'отличная'.

6

Они поддержали нашу инициативу.

They supported our initiative.

Accusative case 'нашу инициативу'.

7

Прояви инициативу и позвони ей.

Show initiative and call her.

Imperative mood 'прояви'.

8

Это была личная инициатива директора.

It was the director's personal initiative.

Genitive 'директора' showing possession.

1

По инициативе мэра открыли новый парк.

A new park was opened at the mayor's initiative.

Set phrase 'по инициативе' + genitive.

2

Вам нужно больше проявлять инициативу на собраниях.

You need to show more initiative at meetings.

Dative 'вам' with 'нужно'.

3

Законодательная инициатива очень важна для реформ.

Legislative initiative is very important for reforms.

Specific political term.

4

Он перехватил инициативу в середине спора.

He took the initiative in the middle of the argument.

Verb 'перехватить' (to intercept).

5

Без вашей инициативы проект бы закрыли.

Without your initiative, the project would have been closed.

Conditional 'бы' with genitive 'без'.

6

Эта инициатива поможет экологии региона.

This initiative will help the region's ecology.

Future tense 'поможет'.

7

Мы ценим инициативу наших сотрудников.

We value the initiative of our employees.

Accusative object.

8

Она всегда выступает с интересными инициативами.

She always comes forward with interesting initiatives.

Instrumental plural 'инициативами'.

1

Инициатива наказуема — так часто говорят в шутку.

Initiative is punishable — so they often say in jest.

A common Russian idiom.

2

В шахматах белые владеют инициативой с начала партии.

In chess, white holds the initiative from the start of the game.

Phrase 'владеть инициативой' (instrumental).

3

Министр выступил с мирной инициативой.

The minister came forward with a peace initiative.

Formal phrase 'выступить с'.

4

Нам не хватает частной инициативы в этой отрасли.

We lack private initiative in this industry.

Genitive after 'не хватает'.

5

Гражданская инициатива — залог здорового общества.

Civil initiative is the key to a healthy society.

Abstract noun phrase.

6

Он подавил любую инициативу своих подчиненных.

He suppressed any initiative of his subordinates.

Verb 'подавить' (to suppress).

7

Эта инициатива была встречена с большим энтузиазмом.

This initiative was met with great enthusiasm.

Passive construction.

8

Важно не упустить инициативу в решающий момент.

It is important not to lose the initiative at the decisive moment.

Phrase 'упустить инициативу'.

1

Право законодательной инициативы принадлежит парламенту.

The right of legislative initiative belongs to the parliament.

Formal legal language.

2

Его инициатива по реформированию налогов вызвала споры.

His initiative to reform taxes caused controversy.

Prepositional phrase 'по' + dative.

3

Мы наблюдаем рост волонтерских инициатив по всей стране.

We are observing a growth of volunteer initiatives across the country.

Genitive plural 'инициатив'.

4

Инициатива перешла к противнику после нашей ошибки.

The initiative passed to the opponent after our mistake.

Verb 'перейти к' (to pass to).

5

Это была чисто административная инициатива сверху.

It was a purely administrative initiative from above.

Phrase 'инициатива сверху' (top-down).

6

Он известен своими новаторскими инициативами в науке.

He is known for his innovative initiatives in science.

Instrumental plural with adjective.

7

Отсутствие инициативы часто ведет к стагнации.

A lack of initiative often leads to stagnation.

Subject is 'отсутствие'.

8

Она проявила недюжинную инициативу, организовав этот форум.

She showed extraordinary initiative by organizing this forum.

Adjective 'недюжинный' (extraordinary).

1

Философ рассматривал инициативу как проявление свободы воли.

The philosopher viewed initiative as a manifestation of free will.

Abstract philosophical usage.

2

В условиях жесткой конкуренции инициатива становится главным ресурсом.

In conditions of fierce competition, initiative becomes the main resource.

Complex sentence structure.

3

Диалектика личной инициативы и государственного контроля сложна.

The dialectic of personal initiative and state control is complex.

High-level academic terminology.

4

Эта инициатива была лишь ширмой для политических манипуляций.

This initiative was merely a screen for political manipulation.

Metaphorical usage.

5

Инициатива снизу встретила яростное сопротивление бюрократии.

The bottom-up initiative met fierce resistance from the bureaucracy.

Political/Social nuance.

6

Его внешнеполитические инициативы были направлены на разрядку.

His foreign policy initiatives were aimed at detente.

Specific historical/diplomatic term.

7

Паралич инициативы в высших эшелонах власти привел к кризису.

The paralysis of initiative in the highest echelons of power led to a crisis.

Metaphorical 'паралич'.

8

Мы должны поощрять любую творческую инициативу молодежи.

We must encourage any creative initiative of the youth.

Verb 'поощрять' (to encourage).

자주 쓰는 조합

Проявить инициативу
Взять инициативу
Законодательная инициатива
По личной инициативе
Перехватить инициативу
Отсутствие инициативы
Выступить с инициативой
Поддержать инициативу
Подавить инициативу
Частная инициатива

자주 쓰는 구문

Инициатива наказуема

— A common saying meaning that the person who suggests something often ends up having to do it.

Я хотел предложить ремонт, но вспомнил, что инициатива наказуема.

Взять инициативу в свои руки

— To take control of a situation and start leading.

Пора взять инициативу в свои руки и все исправить.

Наказуемость инициативы

— The concept that being proactive can lead to negative consequences.

В нашей компании наказуемость инициативы — это миф.

Проявлять инициативу

— To act proactively or propose new things.

Ученик должен проявлять инициативу в учебе.

По инициативе (кого-то)

— Because someone suggested or started it.

Концерт прошел по инициативе студентов.

Лишен инициативы

— Lacking any drive to act or suggest.

Этот работник совершенно лишен инициативы.

Творческая инициатива

— New ideas in art or creative work.

Мы ценим творческую инициативу наших дизайнеров.

Мирная инициатива

— A proposal aimed at ending a conflict.

Мирная инициатива была отклонена.

Заслуживать инициативы

— Rarely used, usually 'поощрять инициативу' (to encourage initiative).

Его действия заслуживают поощрения за инициативу.

Широкая инициатива

— A large-scale movement or proposal.

Это была широкая инициатива народных масс.

관용어 및 표현

"Инициатива наказуема"

— The most famous idiom; implies that those who volunteer get stuck with the work.

Не буду предлагать новый проект, ведь инициатива наказуема.

Colloquial/Joking
"Взять быка за рога"

— To take the initiative in a bold and direct way.

Он взял быка за рога и сам позвонил клиенту.

Informal
"Первая ласточка"

— The first initiative or sign of a new trend.

Эта реформа — только первая ласточка.

Metaphorical
"Пробить лед"

— To take the initiative to start a conversation or break a tense silence.

Его шутка пробила лед в компании.

Informal
"Задать тон"

— To take the initiative in setting the mood or direction.

Она задала тон всей вечеринке.

Neutral
"Первая скрипка"

— To take the lead initiative in a group.

В этом проекте он играет первую скрипку.

Metaphorical
"Дать старт"

— To initiate the beginning of something.

Президент дал старт новому строительству.

Neutral
"Развязать руки"

— To take an initiative that allows for more freedom of action.

Новый закон развязал руки предпринимателям.

Metaphorical
"Пойти в наступление"

— To take the initiative in a conflict or competition.

Наша команда пошла в наступление во втором тайме.

Sports/Military
"Брать на пушку"

— To try to take initiative through bluffing (slang).

Он пытался взять нас на пушку, но мы знали правду.

Slang

문장 패턴

A1

Это [моя/твоя] инициатива.

Это моя инициатива.

A2

[Кто-то] проявил инициативу.

Анна проявила инициативу.

B1

По инициативе [кого-то]...

По инициативе школы...

B2

[Кто-то] владеет инициативой.

Гроссмейстер владеет инициативой.

C1

[Кто-то] выступил с инициативой [чего-то].

Мэр выступил с инициативой реформы.

C2

[Что-то] подавляет [чью-то] инициативу.

Бюрократия подавляет творческую инициативу.

B1

У [кого-то] нет инициативы.

У него нет инициативы.

B2

Взять инициативу в свои руки.

Она взяла инициативу в свои руки.

어휘 가족

명사

동사

형용사

관련

무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'Initial' + 'TV' + 'Ah!'. The INITIAL step on TV makes you go 'Ah!'—that's the ИНИЦИА-ТИ-ВА.

시각적 연상

Imagine a person standing in front of a giant red button labeled 'START' while everyone else is just watching. That person is taking the 'инициатива'.

Word Web

Лидерство Проект Старт Идея Действие Энергия Реформа Выбор

챌린지

Try to use 'инициатива' in three different cases (Nominative, Accusative, Genitive) in one short paragraph about your day.

어원

Derived from the French word 'initiative', which itself comes from the Latin 'initium' (beginning) and 'initiare' (to begin). It entered the Russian language in the 18th-19th centuries as part of the Europeanization of the Russian vocabulary.

원래 의미: The power or right to begin something; the first step.

Indo-European -> Latin -> Romance (French) -> Slavic (Russian).

문화적 맥락

No major sensitivities, but be aware that in some strictly hierarchical Russian organizations, 'taking initiative' might still be seen as 'overstepping' if not done diplomatically.

English speakers might find it more natural than other Russian words because it is a cognate. However, they should be careful not to use it too casually where 'idea' or 'suggestion' might be better.

The Russian political party 'Гражданская инициатива'. Soviet labor posters encouraging 'социалистическая инициатива'. Chess manuals by Garry Kasparov discussing 'владение инициативой'.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Workplace

  • проявить инициативу
  • сотрудник с инициативой
  • отсутствие инициативы
  • поощрять инициативу

Politics

  • законодательная инициатива
  • мирная инициатива
  • выступить с инициативой
  • гражданская инициатива

Games/Sports

  • владеть инициативой
  • перехватить инициативу
  • упустить инициативу
  • инициатива на стороне белых

Relationships

  • ждать инициативы
  • первая инициатива
  • проявить инициативу в знакомстве
  • личная инициатива

History/Labor

  • социалистическая инициатива
  • почин
  • массовая инициатива
  • инициативная группа

대화 시작하기

"Как вы думаете, важно ли всегда проявлять инициативу на работе?"

"Согласны ли вы с поговоркой, что инициатива наказуема?"

"Кто в ваших отношениях обычно проявляет инициативу при выборе фильма?"

"Какую гражданскую инициативу в вашем городе вы бы поддержали?"

"Сложно ли вам брать инициативу в свои руки в незнакомой компании?"

일기 주제

Опишите случай, когда ваша инициатива привела к неожиданному успеху.

Напишите о ситуации, когда вы пожалели, что проявили инициативу (инициатива оказалась наказуема).

Как вы развиваете свою инициативность и лидерские качества?

Если бы у вас была законодательная инициатива, какой закон вы бы предложили?

Почему некоторые люди боятся проявлять инициативу и предпочитают быть пассивными?

무료 가입하고 팁과 노트 보기

관련 콘텐츠

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