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A2 adjective 9분 분량

bugünkü

예시 bugünkü 30초 만에
설명 bugünkü in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are introduced to basic time expressions. 'Bugün' (today) is one of the first words learned. 'Bugünkü' is a slightly more advanced step where the learner begins to use 'today' as a description for objects. At this stage, you should focus on simple noun phrases like 'bugünkü gazete' (today's newspaper) or 'bugünkü hava' (today's weather). The main challenge for A1 students is remembering that the '-ki' suffix changes to '-kü' because of the 'ü' in 'bugün'. It is helpful to memorize 'bugünkü' as a single unit rather than trying to apply complex grammar rules. You will mostly use this word to talk about your daily routine, what you are eating today, or what the weather is like right now. It helps you be more specific in your basic sentences.
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For A2 learners, 'bugünkü' becomes a tool for better organization and planning. You will use it to talk about 'bugünkü ödev' (today's homework) or 'bugünkü plan' (today's plan). At this level, you are expected to understand that 'bugünkü' is an adjective and must come before a noun. You should also be able to contrast it with 'dünkü' (yesterday's). For example, 'Dünkü yemek güzeldi ama bugünkü yemek harika' (Yesterday's meal was good but today's meal is wonderful). You will also start seeing this word in simple news headings or signs in shops. Understanding 'bugünkü' allows you to participate in more detailed conversations about your immediate life and environment.
At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'bugünkü' in more complex sentence structures, including those with case endings on the modified noun. For example, 'Bugünkü toplantıya geç kaldım' (I was late for today's meeting). You will also begin to use the word in abstract contexts, such as 'bugünkü ruh halim' (my mood today) or 'bugünkü şartlar' (today's conditions). B1 students should be able to distinguish 'bugünkü' from 'güncel' (current) and 'şimdiki' (present). You will encounter this word frequently in Turkish media, such as newspaper articles and TV news, where it is used to frame the importance of events happening right now. It is also common in workplace communication regarding daily tasks and reports.
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B2 learners use 'bugünkü' to discuss societal trends and comparisons between different eras. You might use it in an essay to compare 'bugünkü eğitim sistemi' (today's education system) with that of the past. At this level, you are expected to handle the pronominal '-n-' when adding case endings to the word if it stands alone (e.g., 'Dünkü raporu bitirdim, bugünküne başlıyorum' - I finished yesterday's report, I'm starting today's). You should have a nuanced understanding of how 'bugünkü' anchors a discussion in the present day. You will also recognize it in literature and more formal discourse, where it might be used to describe the collective mindset or the state of a nation at the current moment.
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At the C1 level, 'bugünkü' is used with high precision in academic and professional settings. You will use it to describe contemporary theories, such as 'bugünkü dilbilim çalışmaları' (today's linguistics studies). You should be able to use it effortlessly in fast-paced debates and complex writing. C1 learners understand the subtle stylistic choice between 'bugünkü' and alternatives like 'günün' or 'asri'. You might use it to express philosophical ideas about the present, such as 'bugünkü ben' (the 'me' of today) versus the 'me' of the past. The word is used to define the boundaries of a specific period in time within a larger historical or logical argument. Your usage should reflect a total mastery of the vowel harmony exception and the word's role as a temporal adjective.
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For C2 speakers, 'bugünkü' is a standard part of a sophisticated vocabulary. You use it in highly formal speeches, legal documents, or literary analysis. You might analyze the 'bugünkü toplumsal yapı' (today's social structure) in a sociological paper or use it in a poetic context to emphasize the fleeting nature of the present. At this level, the word is used with perfect grammatical accuracy, including all possible suffix combinations. You also understand its use in rare idioms and can appreciate how it functions in different dialects or older literary styles. C2 mastery means 'bugünkü' is no longer a 'vocabulary word' but a seamless part of your conceptual toolkit for describing the world as it exists at this very instant.
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예시

bugünkü 30초 만에

  • Bugünkü means 'today's' and is used as an adjective before a noun.
  • It is formed from 'bugün' + '-ki', but the suffix becomes '-kü'.
  • It is essential for specifying that an object or event belongs to today.
  • Commonly used in daily life for news, weather, menus, and plans.

The Turkish word bugünkü is an adjective that translates to 'today's' or 'of today' in English. It is formed by taking the noun bugün (today) and adding the attributive suffix -ki. In Turkish, the suffix -ki is unique because it usually does not follow the standard rules of four-way vowel harmony. However, in two specific temporal words—bugün and dün (yesterday)—it undergoes a special transformation into -kü to match the rounded vowels of the root word. This makes bugünkü a very specific and frequent word in daily conversation, media, and professional settings.

Grammatical Role
As an adjective, it always precedes the noun it modifies. Unlike the word 'today' used as an adverb, 'bugünkü' specifically attributes an object or event to the current day.

Lütfen bugünkü gazeteyi bana getirir misin?

Translation: Could you please bring me today's newspaper?

The usage of bugünkü is essential for distinguishing between an action happening today and a thing that belongs to today. For example, if you say 'today's meeting,' you are identifying the meeting by its date. If you just say 'the meeting today,' Turkish often prefers the adjectival form to create a cohesive noun phrase. This word is ubiquitous in news headlines, weather reports, and scheduling discussions. It provides a sense of immediacy and relevance, grounding the conversation in the present moment.

Bugünkü hava durumu çok değişken.

Translation: Today's weather forecast is very variable.
Register
Neutral to Formal. It is used in both casual speech and formal writing without any change in meaning or tone.

Bugünkü ders iptal edildi.

Translation: Today's lesson has been cancelled.

Bugünkü menüde ne var?

Translation: What is on today's menu?
Colloquialism
In very fast speech, some might shorten the pronunciation, but the written form remains strictly 'bugünkü'.

Bugünkü aklım olsaydı, o hatayı yapmazdım.

Translation: If I had today's wisdom (the mind I have today), I wouldn't have made that mistake.

Using bugünkü correctly requires understanding that it acts as a modifier for nouns. It cannot function as the subject of a sentence on its own without a following noun or a pronominal suffix. It answers the question Hangi? (Which?) or Neyin? (Whose/Of what?). When you want to say 'Today's events,' you say Bugünkü olaylar. This distinguishes the events from those of yesterday or tomorrow. The word is incredibly versatile and can be used with abstract concepts like 'thoughts' or 'technology,' as well as concrete objects like 'food' or 'mail.'

Structure
[Bugünkü] + [Noun] + [Verb/Predicate]. For example: Bugünkü maç çok heyecanlıydı (Today's match was very exciting).

Bugünkü konumuz Türk mutfağı.

Translation: Today's topic is Turkish cuisine.

In more complex sentences, bugünkü can be part of a larger noun phrase or a subordinate clause. It maintains its form regardless of the case of the noun it modifies. If you are going to today's meeting, you would say Bugünkü toplantıya gidiyorum. Notice that the dative case ending -ya is attached to the noun 'toplantı,' not to 'bugünkü.' This consistency makes it easier for learners to use once they grasp the initial vowel change from -ki to -kü.

Şirketin bugünkü durumu pek iç açıcı değil.

Translation: The company's current (today's) situation is not very encouraging.
Common Pairings
Bugünkü gazete (today's paper), bugünkü ders (today's lesson), bugünkü maç (today's match), bugünkü hava (today's weather).

Bugünkü programımızda bir değişiklik yaptık.

Translation: We made a change in our program for today.

Furthermore, bugünkü is often contrasted with geçmişteki (in the past) or gelecekteki (in the future) to compare different eras or states. In such comparisons, it serves as a temporal anchor. It is also used in philosophical or sociological discussions to describe the state of the world or society right now. For example, bugünkü toplum (today's society) refers to contemporary social structures.

Senin bugünkü halin dünkünden çok farklı.

Translation: Your state today is very different from yesterday's.

In the real world, you will encounter bugünkü in almost every facet of Turkish life. If you walk into a Turkish pastane (pastry shop), you might see a sign for bugünkü taze ürünler (today's fresh products). If you turn on the television, news anchors frequently start segments with Bugünkü ana haber başlıkları (Today's main news headlines). In office environments, managers often ask for bugünkü raporlar (today's reports) or discuss bugünkü toplantı gündemi (today's meeting agenda).

News & Media
It is a staple in journalism to specify that the information pertains to the current date. 'Bugünkü köşe yazısı' (Today's column).

Bugünkü gazetelerde bu olay geniş yer buldu.

Translation: This event was widely covered in today's newspapers.

In educational settings, teachers use it to refer to the day's curriculum. Students might ask each other, Bugünkü sınav nasıldı? (How was today's exam?). It's also very common in sports commentary; announcers discuss bugünkü kadro (today's squad/line-up) or bugünkü maçın önemi (the importance of today's match). The word effectively narrows the focus to the present, making it indispensable for time-sensitive communication.

Bugünkü mesaimiz saat altıda bitiyor.

Translation: Our shift today ends at six o'clock.
Daily Life
Shopping, menus, and weather are the most common areas where you will hear this word used by native speakers.

Pazardaki bugünkü fiyatlar çok yüksek.

Translation: Today's prices at the bazaar are very high.

Furthermore, you'll hear it in idiomatic expressions regarding personal growth or regret. Native speakers often reflect on their past by saying Bugünkü tecrübemle... (With today's experience...). This highlights the contrast between who they were and who they are now. Whether in a formal lecture or a casual chat over tea, bugünkü is the go-to word for defining the 'now' in relation to specific things.

The most common mistake learners make is using the adverb bugün (today) when they should use the adjective bugünkü (today's). In English, 'today' can often function as both, but in Turkish, they are strictly separated by grammar. For example, saying *bugün gazete is incorrect; it must be bugünkü gazete. Another frequent error involves vowel harmony. Because Turkish is so consistent with its harmony rules, many students instinctively want to say *bugünki. However, bugünkü and dünkü are the exceptions where the suffix rounds to -kü.

Vowel Harmony Exception
Do not write 'bugünki'. The correct form is 'bugünkü'. This is due to the 'ü' in the second syllable of 'bugün'.

Yanlış: Bugünki toplantı. Doğru: Bugünkü toplantı.

Explanation: Always use -kü with bugün and dün.

Another mistake is trying to add case endings directly to bugünkü. In Turkish, case endings are usually attached to the noun that the adjective is modifying. So, instead of *bugünküde, you should say bugünkü toplantıda (at today's meeting). If you want to use the adjective as a pronoun (the one of today), you must add the pronominal -n- before the case ending: bugünkünde (in the one today). This is an advanced mistake but worth noting for B-level learners.

Yanlış: Bugünkü hava çok sıcak olacak. (When meaning 'Today will be hot').

Explanation: Use 'Bugün hava çok sıcak olacak' for the adverbial sense.
Confusion with 'Güncel'
Learners often confuse 'bugünkü' (specific to this calendar day) with 'güncel' (current/up-to-date/modern).

Bugünkü teknoloji değil, güncel teknoloji demelisiniz.

Translation: You should say 'current technology', not 'today's technology' (unless referring strictly to today).

While bugünkü is the most common way to say 'today's,' there are several other words that can be used depending on the context. Knowing these will help you sound more like a native speaker and allow you to express nuances. For instance, günün is the genitive form of 'day' and is often used in fixed phrases like günün çorbası (soup of the day). While bugünkü çorba is grammatically correct, it sounds less like a menu item and more like a specific reference to a soup made today.

Bugünkü vs. Güncel
'Bugünkü' is literal (this specific 24-hour period). 'Güncel' means current, modern, or trendy.
Bugünkü vs. Şimdiki
'Şimdiki' means 'the one now' or 'present'. It is used for 'the current president' (şimdiki başkan) or 'current state' (şimdiki durum).

Bugünkü gazete vs. Günün haberi.

Explanation: Today's newspaper vs. The news of the day.

In more formal or academic contexts, you might see günümüzdeki, which means 'in our day' or 'contemporary'. This is used to talk about society or technology on a broader scale than just a single day. For example, günümüzdeki sorunlar (problems in our day) refers to modern-day issues. Use bugünkü when you are pointing at a calendar and günümüzdeki when you are discussing history or sociology.

Bugünkü plan vs. Şu anki durum.

Explanation: Today's plan vs. The current/momentary situation.
Modern vs. Today's
Modern = Modern/Çağdaş. Today's = Bugünkü.
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수준별 예문

1

Bugünkü gazete masada.

Today's newspaper is on the table.

Simple noun-adjective phrase.

2

Bugünkü hava çok güzel.

Today's weather is very beautiful.

Using bugünkü to describe weather.

3

Bugünkü yemek ne?

What is today's meal?

Asking about a daily item.

4

Bugünkü ders saat kaçta?

What time is today's lesson?

Inquiring about a schedule.

5

Bugünkü elmalar çok taze.

Today's apples are very fresh.

Plural noun with bugünkü.

6

Bugünkü sınav kolay mı?

Is today's exam easy?

Yes/no question with bugünkü.

7

Bugünkü programımız bu.

This is our program for today.

Demonstrative pronoun with bugünkü.

8

Bugünkü çay çok sıcak.

Today's tea is very hot.

Describing a beverage.

1

Bugünkü ödevimi bitirdim.

I finished today's homework.

Possessive suffix on the noun.

2

Bugünkü toplantı saat dokuzda.

Today's meeting is at nine o'clock.

Time expression with bugünkü.

3

Bugünkü planım sinemaya gitmek.

My plan for today is to go to the cinema.

Infinitive phrase as a predicate.

4

Bugünkü haberleri okudun mu?

Did you read today's news?

Accusative case on the noun.

5

Bugünkü maç iptal edildi.

Today's match has been cancelled.

Passive voice verb.

6

Bugünkü misafirlerimiz çok nazik.

Today's guests are very kind.

Describing people.

7

Bugünkü alışveriş listesi nerede?

Where is today's shopping list?

Compound noun phrase.

8

Bugünkü konser çok kalabalık olacak.

Today's concert will be very crowded.

Future tense.

1

Bugünkü toplantıya katılacak mısın?

Will you attend today's meeting?

Dative case on the noun.

2

Bugünkü ekonomik durum bizi endişelendiriyor.

Today's economic situation worries us.

Abstract noun modified by bugünkü.

3

Bugünkü derslerin notlarını aldım.

I took the notes for today's lessons.

Genitive-possessive construction.

4

Bugünkü menüde vejetaryen seçenekler de var.

There are also vegetarian options in today's menu.

Locative case on the noun.

5

Bugünkü başarımız ekip çalışmasının bir sonucudur.

Our success today is a result of teamwork.

Complex predicate.

6

Bugünkü ruh halim dünkünden çok daha iyi.

My mood today is much better than yesterday's.

Comparison with dünkünden.

7

Bugünkü programda bir değişiklik yapabilir miyiz?

Can we make a change in today's program?

Ability mood (bilmek).

8

Bugünkü gazetelerde senin hakkında bir yazı var.

There is an article about you in today's newspapers.

Locative plural.

1

Bugünkü teknoloji ile her şey mümkün.

With today's technology, everything is possible.

Instrumental case (ile).

2

Bugünkü toplumsal sorunlar geçmişten farklıdır.

Today's social problems are different from the past.

Formal comparison.

3

Bugünkü aklımla o kararı asla vermezdim.

With today's wisdom, I would never have made that decision.

Conditional mood (irrealis).

4

Bugünkü konferansın ana teması sürdürülebilirlik.

The main theme of today's conference is sustainability.

Genitive construction.

5

Bugünkü gençlik teknolojiye çok daha hakim.

Today's youth is much more proficient in technology.

Collective noun.

6

Bugünkü maçın biletleri çoktan tükendi.

Tickets for today's match are already sold out.

Genitive modifier.

7

Bugünkü şartlar altında bu işi yapamayız.

Under today's conditions, we cannot do this job.

Postpositional phrase (altında).

8

Bugünkü veriler piyasaların düzeldiğini gösteriyor.

Today's data shows that the markets are recovering.

Participle clause (dik).

1

Bugünkü edebiyat eleştirisi daha çok kuramsal temellere dayanıyor.

Today's literary criticism is based more on theoretical foundations.

Academic register.

2

Bugünkü varlığımızı geçmişteki fedakarlıklara borçluyuz.

We owe our existence today to past sacrifices.

Philosophical context.

3

Bugünkü siyasi iklim, uzlaşmayı zorunlu kılıyor.

Today's political climate makes compromise mandatory.

Abstract political terminology.

4

Bugünkü araştırmalar, bu hastalığın genetik olduğunu kanıtlıyor.

Today's research proves that this disease is genetic.

Scientific reporting.

5

Bugünkü değer yargılarımız zamanla değişebilir.

Our values today may change over time.

Possessive and plural.

6

Bugünkü oturumda, bütçe planlaması detaylıca ele alındı.

In today's session, budget planning was discussed in detail.

Passive and adverbial usage.

7

Bugünkü nesil, bilgiye erişim konusunda çok şanslı.

Today's generation is very lucky regarding access to information.

Noun phrase with 'konusunda'.

8

Bugünkü performansın, kariyerin için dönüm noktası olabilir.

Your performance today could be a turning point for your career.

Possessive with bugünkü.

1

Bugünkü toplumsal yapının kökenleri Tanzimat dönemine kadar uzanır.

The origins of today's social structure extend back to the Tanzimat period.

Historical/Sociological analysis.

2

Bugünkü felsefi tartışmaların odağında etik değerler yer alıyor.

Ethical values are at the center of today's philosophical debates.

High-level abstract language.

3

Bugünkü küresel krizin etkileri henüz tam olarak anlaşılamadı.

The effects of today's global crisis have not yet been fully understood.

Negative passive potential mood.

4

Bugünkü yazın dünyası, dijitalleşmenin getirdiği yeniliklerle şekilleniyor.

Today's world of literature is being shaped by the innovations brought by digitalization.

Passive and complex noun phrase.

5

Bugünkü bakış açımızla geçmişi yargılamak doğru olmayabilir.

Judging the past with today's perspective might not be correct.

Infinitive as subject.

6

Bugünkü bilimsel paradigma, disiplinler arası bir yaklaşımı gerektiriyor.

Today's scientific paradigm requires an interdisciplinary approach.

Technical academic terminology.

7

Bugünkü kentleşme hızı, altyapı sorunlarını da beraberinde getiriyor.

Today's urbanization rate brings infrastructure problems along with it.

Idiomatic 'beraberinde getirmek'.

8

Bugünkü dünya düzeninde güç dengeleri sürekli değişmektedir.

In today's world order, power balances are constantly changing.

Formal '-mekte' present continuous.

동의어

günün şu anki güncel şimdiki günümüzdeki hazırdaki mevcut taze

반의어

dünkü yarınki geçmişteki gelecekteki

자주 쓰는 조합

bugünkü gazete
bugünkü hava
bugünkü toplantı
bugünkü ders
bugünkü maç
bugünkü menü
bugünkü aklım
bugünkü nesil
bugünkü teknoloji
bugünkü sınav

자주 쓰는 구문

Bugünkü işini yarına bırakma.

— Don't leave today's work until tomorrow. A common proverb about procrastination.

Hadi çalışmaya başla, bugünkü işini yarına bırakma.

Bugünkü şartlarda

— Under today's conditions. Used to describe economic or social constraints.

Bugünkü şartlarda ev almak çok zor.

Bugünkü durum

— Today's situation. Used for status updates.

Hastanın bugünkü durumu daha iyi.

Bugünkü aklım olsa

— If I had today's wisdom/mind. Expressing regret about the past.

Bugünkü aklım olsa o okula gitmezdim.

Bugünkü program

— Today's schedule or program.

Bugünkü programımızda müze gezisi var.

Bugünkü konumuz

— Today's topic. Common in classrooms and meetings.

Bugünkü konumuz matematik.

Bugünkü fiyatlar

— Today's prices.

Bugünkü fiyatlar dünkünden yüksek.

Bugünkü köşe yazısı

— Today's column (in a newspaper).

Bugünkü köşe yazısını çok beğendim.

Bugünkü nesil

— Today's generation.

Bugünkü nesil internetle büyüyor.

Bugünkü aklınla

— With today's mindset.

Bugünkü aklınla ne yapardın?

관용어 및 표현

"Bugünkü tavuk, yarınki kazdan iyidir."

— A chicken today is better than a goose tomorrow. Better a small thing now than a big thing later that is uncertain.

Bu teklifi kabul etmelisin; bugünkü tavuk, yarınki kazdan iyidir.

proverbial
"Bugünkü aklım olsaydı"

— If I knew then what I know now. Used for hindsight.

Bugünkü aklım olsaydı o evi alırdım.

informal
"Günün/Bugünkü anlam ve önemi"

— The meaning and importance of the day. A cliché used in formal speeches.

Bugünkü günün anlam ve önemini belirten konuşmayı müdür yaptı.

formal
"Bugünkü çocuk"

— A child of today. Often used to comment o

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