自行车
自行车 30초 만에
- Standard Mandarin for bicycle, literally 'self-moving vehicle'.
- Uses the verb 骑 (qí) and measure word 辆 (liàng).
- Culturally iconic in China, from 'Kingdom of Bicycles' to modern bike-sharing.
- Essential A1 vocabulary for transport and daily routines.
The term 自行车 (zìxíngchē) is the standard Mandarin Chinese word for 'bicycle.' To understand its soul, one must look at its constituent characters: 自 (zì) meaning 'self,' 行 (xíng) meaning 'to move' or 'to travel,' and 车 (chē) meaning 'vehicle.' Literally, it is the 'self-moving vehicle,' a poetic and accurate description of a machine powered by human effort rather than external fuel or animals. In the grand tapestry of Chinese history, the bicycle holds a position of immense cultural weight. During the mid-20th century, China was famously known as the 'Kingdom of Bicycles' (自行车王国), where the streets of Beijing and Shanghai were flooded with a sea of black Flying Pigeon (飞鸽) and Phoenix (凤凰) brand bikes. For decades, a bicycle was not just a tool for transport; it was one of the 'Three Big Things' (三大件) required for a respectable marriage, alongside a watch and a sewing machine. Today, while high-speed rail and luxury cars dominate the headlines, the bicycle has seen a massive resurgence through high-tech bike-sharing apps like Meituan and HelloBike, transforming the urban landscape once again. Understanding this word requires more than just knowing it has two wheels; it requires an appreciation for the transition from a symbol of status to a symbol of green, sustainable urban living.
- Etymological Breakdown
- 自 (Self) + 行 (Move) + 车 (Vehicle) = A vehicle that moves by oneself.
- Measure Word
- 辆 (liàng) - This is the specific classifier used for most vehicles with wheels.
我每天骑自行车去上班,既省钱又环保。 (I ride a bicycle to work every day; it's both economical and environmentally friendly.)
When discussing the bicycle in a modern context, one cannot ignore the 'Sharing Economy' (共享经济). The term 共享自行车 (gòngxiǎng zìxíngchē) refers to the colorful bikes found on every street corner. This evolution has changed the word from a private possession to a public utility. In academic or urban planning discussions, the bicycle is often categorized under 'Non-motorized Transport' (非机动车), a term you will see on many Chinese road signs. The bicycle represents the intersection of China's past poverty, its industrial rise, and its future commitment to carbon neutrality. Whether it's a child's first bike with training wheels or a high-end carbon fiber road bike used by enthusiasts in the hills of Yunnan, the word 自行车 remains the foundational term for this two-wheeled marvel.
这辆自行车的链条坏了。 (The chain of this bicycle is broken.)
- Visual Components
- 车 (Chē) is a pictograph of a chariot or cart seen from above, showing the axle and wheels.
Using the word 自行车 correctly involves mastering its associated verbs and measure words. The most important verb is 骑 (qí), which means 'to ride' or 'to straddle.' Unlike English, where you might 'take' a bus or 'drive' a car, Chinese is very specific about the physical action. Since you straddle a bicycle, you must use 骑. For example, '骑自行车' (ride a bike). If you are buying one, you use 买 (mǎi), and if you are repairing it, you use 修 (xiū). When counting bicycles, the measure word 辆 (liàng) is essential. Saying '一个自行车' is grammatically incorrect and marks you as a beginner; '一辆自行车' is the proper form. In modern urban China, you will frequently use the term 扫 (sǎo), meaning 'to scan,' because you 'scan the QR code' to unlock a shared bike: '扫码骑车'.
- Common Verb Pairings
- 骑 (ride), 推 (push), 锁 (lock), 停 (park), 维修 (repair/maintain).
他在公园里练习骑自行车。 (He is practicing riding a bicycle in the park.)
Beyond the physical object, 自行车 appears in various social contexts. For instance, in a school setting, students often talk about their '自行车棚' (bicycle shed). In the context of fitness, one might go to a '动感单车' (spinning/indoor cycling) class. When giving directions, you might hear '骑车十分钟就到了' (It's a ten-minute bike ride away). It's also important to distinguish between different types: '山地自行车' (mountain bike), '公路自行车' (road bike), and '折叠自行车' (folding bike). Each of these uses the base word 自行车 as a suffix. In formal writing, such as a police report for a stolen bike, you would use the full term, but in casual conversation, it is often shortened to just '车' if the context is already established. For example, '我的车丢了' (My bike is lost/stolen) while pointing at an empty bike rack.
请把自行车停在指定区域。 (Please park the bicycle in the designated area.)
- Sentence Structure
- [Subject] + [Verb: 骑/买/修] + [Number] + [Measure Word: 辆] + 自行车.
You will encounter the word 自行车 in a wide variety of environments, from the mundane to the specialized. In a typical Chinese city, the most common place to hear it is near subway exits where commuters transition to shared bikes. You'll hear people asking, '你会骑自行车吗?' (Do you know how to ride a bike?) or '这里可以停自行车吗?' (Can I park a bike here?). In the news, you might hear about '绿色出行' (green travel) initiatives that promote the use of 自行车 to reduce carbon emissions. On university campuses, the word is ubiquitous, as bicycles remain the primary mode of transport for millions of students. You'll hear announcements like '请同学们规范停放自行车' (Students, please park your bicycles properly).
广播:请不要在人行道上骑自行车。 (Announcement: Please do not ride bicycles on the sidewalk.)
In the realm of sports and entertainment, the term is used during broadcasts of cycling races, such as the '环法自行车赛' (Tour de France). In movies set in the 1970s or 80s, the bicycle is often a central prop, symbolizing romance or the struggle of the working class. You might hear characters nostalgically talking about their old '永久牌自行车' (Forever brand bike). In modern pop songs, the bicycle often represents youth and simple love, as in the famous lyrics about 'riding a bicycle with you.' Furthermore, in environmental documentaries, the bicycle is discussed as a solution to '城市拥堵' (urban congestion). Even in high-tech circles, the word comes up when discussing '智能自行车' (smart bikes) equipped with GPS and health-tracking sensors.
- Social Contexts
- Campus life, morning commutes, fitness centers, environmental protests, and nostalgic storytelling.
妈妈:过马路要小心,看着点儿自行车。 (Mom: Be careful crossing the street, watch out for bicycles.)
One of the most frequent errors learners make with 自行车 is using the wrong verb. In English, we 'get on' a bike or 'ride' a bike. In Chinese, the verb must be 骑 (qí). Beginners often mistakenly use 坐 (zuò), which is used for cars, buses, and planes where you sit *inside* the vehicle. Saying '我坐自行车' sounds like you are sitting on the luggage rack while someone else pedals, or worse, that you are trying to sit inside the frame. Another common pitfall is the measure word. While '个' (gè) is the universal measure word, using it for a bicycle ('一个自行车') sounds very unpolished. You should always use 辆 (liàng). Additionally, learners often confuse '自行车' with '电动车' (diàndòngchē - electric bike). While they look similar, the social and legal rules for them in China (like helmet laws and license plates) are different, so using the precise term is important.
- Verb Confusion
- Incorrect: 坐自行车 (zuò) | Correct: 骑自行车 (qí).
- Measure Word Error
- Incorrect: 一个自行车 (yī gè) | Correct: 一辆自行车 (yī liàng).
错误:我坐自行车去学校。 (Wrong: I 'sit' the bike to school.)
Pronunciation is another area where mistakes occur. The third tone in '自' (zì - actually 4th tone) and '行' (xíng - 2nd tone) must be distinct. Some learners mispronounce '行' as 'háng' (which means 'profession' or 'row'), leading to 'zì háng chē,' which is nonsensical. Remember that '行' is a polyphone (多音字), and in the context of movement, it is always 'xíng.' Finally, be careful with the word '单车' (dānchē). While it is a perfectly valid synonym, in some northern regions, it might sound a bit more casual or southern. If you are in a formal setting or taking an exam like the HSK, stick to '自行车' to be safe. Also, don't forget the '车' (chē) at the end; omitting it makes the word incomplete and confusing.
正确:我骑一辆自行车。 (Correct: I ride a bicycle.)
While 自行车 is the standard term, several other words describe similar vehicles, and knowing the nuances between them will make your Chinese sound more natural. The most common synonym is 单车 (dānchē). Literally 'single vehicle,' it is widely used in Hong Kong, Guangdong, and Taiwan. In Mainland China, it has become trendy again due to '共享单车' (shared bikes). Another term is 脚踏车 (jiǎotàchē), which literally means 'foot-pedal vehicle.' This term is very common in Taiwan and Southeast Asian Chinese communities. It emphasizes the mechanical action of pedaling. Then there is the 电动自行车 (diàndòng zìxíngchē), often shortened to 电动车, which looks like a bicycle but has an electric motor. Distinguishing these is crucial for clarity.
- 自行车 vs. 单车
- 自行车 is formal/standard; 单车 is casual/regional (South).
- 自行车 vs. 脚踏车
- 自行车 is the Mainland standard; 脚踏车 is the Taiwan standard.
虽然他有汽车,但他更喜欢骑单车。 (Although he has a car, he prefers riding a 'bike'.)
There are also specialized types of bicycles. A 山地车 (shāndìchē) is a mountain bike, designed for off-road use with thick tires. A 公路车 (gōnglùchē) is a road bike, built for speed on pavement with thin tires. For commuters with limited space, a 折叠车 (zhédiéchē) (folding bike) is a popular choice. In a fitness context, you might encounter 健身车 (jiànshēnchē), which refers to a stationary exercise bike. Understanding these variations allows you to be specific. For example, if you are invited to go cycling in the mountains, you wouldn't want to bring a standard 自行车; you'd need a 山地车. Similarly, in the context of professional racing, the term 赛车 (sàichē) might be used, though this can also refer to racing cars, so context is key.
这辆折叠自行车可以带上地铁。 (This folding bicycle can be taken onto the subway.)
How Formal Is It?
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난이도
알아야 할 문법
수준별 예문
我有一辆自行车。
I have a bicycle.
Uses the measure word 辆 (liàng).
你会骑自行车吗?
Can you ride a bicycle?
Uses 会 (huì) for a learned skill.
自行车在校门口。
The bicycle is at the school gate.
Basic location sentence with 在 (zài).
这是谁的自行车?
Whose bicycle is this?
Possessive question with 谁的 (shéi de).
我骑自行车去商店。
I ride a bicycle to the store.
Subject + Verb + Object + Place.
那辆自行车很漂亮。
That bicycle is very pretty.
Adjective sentence with 很 (hěn).
我每天骑自行车。
I ride a bicycle every day.
Time adverb 每天 (měitiān) before the verb.
自行车不贵。
Bicycles are not expensive.
Negation with 不 (bù).
我骑自行车带你去公园。
I'll take you to the park on my bike.
带 (dài) means to bring/carry someone.
我的自行车坏了,我要去修。
My bike is broken; I need to fix it.
坏了 (huài le) indicates a state of being broken.
你可以扫码骑这辆自行车。
You can scan the code to ride this bike.
扫码 (sǎo mǎ) is a modern essential phrase.
骑自行车比走路快。
Riding a bike is faster than walking.
Comparison structure with 比 (bǐ).
他买了一辆新的自行车。
He bought a new bicycle.
了 (le) indicates completed action.
自行车棚里有很多车。
There are many bikes in the bike shed.
Location noun 自行车棚 (zìxíngchē péng).
我喜欢在公园里骑自行车。
I like riding a bicycle in the park.
在...里 (zài... lǐ) for location.
这辆自行车多少钱?
How much is this bicycle?
Asking for price with 多少钱 (duōshǎo qián).
为了保护环境,我们应该多骑自行车。
To protect the environment, we should ride bikes more.
为了 (wèile) indicates purpose.
我的自行车链条掉下来了。
My bicycle chain fell off.
Directional complement 掉下来 (diào xià lái).
骑自行车是一种很好的锻炼方式。
Cycling is a very good way to exercise.
方式 (fāngshì) means way or method.
虽然下雨了,但他还是骑自行车去了。
Although it rained, he still went by bike.
虽然...但是... (suīrán... dànshì...) structure.
这辆自行车的刹车不太灵。
The brakes on this bike aren't very responsive.
灵 (líng) here means effective or responsive.
我把自行车锁在树边了。
I locked the bicycle to the tree.
把 (bǎ) construction for disposal.
这里的自行车道非常宽敞。
The bike lanes here are very spacious.
自行车道 (zìxíngchē dào) - bike lane.
骑自行车的时候要注意安全。
Be careful when riding a bicycle.
...的时候 (...de shíhou) means 'when'.
共享自行车的出现解决了“最后一公里”的问题。
The emergence of shared bikes solved the 'last mile' problem.
解决 (jiějué) - to solve.
他是一个自行车运动爱好者。
He is a cycling enthusiast.
爱好者 (àihàozhě) - enthusiast/fan.
政府正在推广自行车出行以减少交通拥堵。
The government is promoting cycling to reduce traffic congestion.
推广 (tuīguǎng) - to promote.
这辆山地自行车适合在崎岖的路面上行驶。
This mountain bike is suitable for riding on rugged roads.
适合 (shìhé) - to be suitable for.
随着科技的发展,智能自行车越来越普及。
With the development of technology, smart bikes are becoming more popular.
随着... (suízhe...) - along with...
他骑着自行车穿过了整个城市。
He rode his bike across the entire city.
着 (zhe) indicates an ongoing state during the action.
自行车曾经是中国家庭最重要的财产之一。
The bicycle was once one of the most important possessions of Chinese families.
曾经 (céngjīng) - once/formerly.
由于没锁好,他的自行车被偷了。
Because it wasn't locked properly, his bike was stolen.
被 (bèi) passive construction.
自行车文化的复兴反映了人们生活理念的转变。
The revival of bicycle culture reflects a shift in people's life philosophies.
反映 (fǎnyìng) - to reflect.
城市规划应充分考虑自行车的行驶需求。
Urban planning should fully consider the needs of bicycle travel.
充分 (chōngfèn) - fully/amply.
骑自行车不仅是代步,更是一种生活态度。
Cycling is not just a mode of transport, but a life attitude.
不仅...更... (bùjǐn... gèng...) - not only... but also...
这款自行车的框架采用了轻质碳纤维材料。
The frame of this bicycle uses lightweight carbon fiber material.
采用 (cǎiyòng) - to adopt/use.
在高峰时段,骑自行车往往比开车更快。
During peak hours, cycling is often faster than driving.
往往 (wǎngwǎng) - often/frequently.
共享自行车行业经历了从疯狂扩张到理性回归的过程。
The shared bike industry went through a process from crazy expansion to a return to rationality.
经历 (jīnglì) - to experience.
他致力于通过推广自行车来改善城市空气质量。
He is committed to improving urban air quality by promoting bicycles.
致力于 (zhìlì yú) - to be committed to.
自行车的设计精巧,体现了力学与美学的结合。
The design of the bicycle is exquisite, reflecting the combination of mechanics and aesthetics.
体现 (tǐxiàn) - to embody/reflect.
自行车在现代都市慢行系统中扮演着不可或缺的角色。
The bicycle plays an indispensable role in modern urban slow-transit systems.
扮演...角色 (bànyǎn... juésè) - to play a role.
我们需要重新审视自行车在碳中和愿景下的战略地位。
We need to re-examine the strategic position of the bicycle under the vision of carbon neutrality.
审视 (shěnshì) - to examine closely.
共享单车的无序停放曾一度引发严重的社会治理难题。
The disorderly parking of shared bikes once caused serious social governance challenges.
一度 (yīdù) - at one time/once.
自行车的演变史是一部微缩的人类工业文明进步史。
The history of the bicycle's evolution is a miniature history of the progress of human industrial civilization.
微缩 (wēisuō) - miniature.
骑行者在穿梭于巷弄之间时,能更深刻地感悟城市肌理。
When weaving through alleys, cyclists can more deeply perceive the urban fabric.
感悟 (gǎnwù) - to perceive/realize.
自行车不仅跨越了阶层,也跨越了时代,具有永恒的生命力。
The bicycle transcends classes and eras, possessing eternal vitality.
跨越 (kuàyuè) - to transcend/cross.
政府应通过立法保障自行车骑行者的合法路权。
The government should protect the legal right-of-way of cyclists through legislation.
路权 (lùquán) - right-of-way.
自行车的极简主义构造与现代环保理念不谋而合。
The minimalist construction of the bicycle coincides with modern environmental concepts.
不谋而合 (bùmóu'érhé) - to happen to coincide.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
骑自行车去 (go by bike)
自行车坏了 (bike is broken)
自行车丢了 (bike is lost/stolen)
自行车棚 (bike shed)
自行车比赛 (bike race)
自行车零件 (bike parts)
自行车轮胎 (bike tire)
自行车头盔 (bike helmet)
自行车铃铛 (bike bell)
自行车架 (bike rack)
자주 혼동되는 단어
관용어 및 표현
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혼동하기 쉬운
문장 패턴
사용법
脚踏车 in Taiwan.
Don't confuse with 电动车.
- Using 坐 (zuò) instead of 骑 (qí).
- Using 个 (gè) instead of 辆 (liàng).
- Mispronouncing 行 as háng.
- Confusing it with 电动车 (electric scooter).
- Forgetting the character 车 at the end.
팁
Verb Usage
Always use 骑 (qí) for bikes. It's the same verb used for riding horses!
The Kingdom of Bicycles
China was once defined by its sea of bicycles. It's a great conversation topic with older Chinese people.
Shared Bikes
Download Meituan or Alipay to use shared bikes in China. Just scan the QR code!
Helmets
While not always enforced for bikes, it's safer to wear a 头盔 (tóukuī).
Shortening
In casual speech, people often just say '车' if you are already looking at a bike.
Taiwan/HK
Use 脚踏车 in Taiwan and 单车 in Hong Kong to blend in.
Tone 4-2-1
Make sure 'Zi' is a sharp falling tone and 'Xing' rises.
Character 'Che'
The character 车 is a pictograph. The middle line is the axle!
Flat Tires
If your tire is flat, look for a sign that says 修车 (xiū chē) on the street.
Parking
Look for white lines on the sidewalk; that's where you should park your bike.
암기하기
어원
Modern coinage to describe the Western invention.
문화적 맥락
Modern China is the world leader in bike-sharing.
One of the 'Three Big Things' in the 70s.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
대화 시작하기
"你会骑自行车吗?"
"你每天骑自行车上班吗?"
"你觉得共享单车方便吗?"
"你的自行车是什么颜色的?"
"这里哪里可以修自行车?"
일기 주제
描述你第一次学骑自行车的经历。
你认为自行车对环境保护有什么作用?
如果你有一辆梦幻自行车,它是什么样的?
对比自行车和汽车的优缺点。
写一段关于中国‘自行车王国’历史的感想。
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문The standard measure word is 辆 (liàng). You say 一辆自行车.
No, you must use 骑 (qí) because you straddle it.
自行车 is the standard term; 单车 is more common in the south and for shared bikes.
Yes, it literally means 'foot-pedal vehicle' and is common in Taiwan.
共享单车 (gòngxiǎng dānchē) or 共享自行车.
Use 修 (xiū) or 维修 (wéixiū).
自行车道 (zìxíngchē dào).
It is always 自行车. '机' usually refers to engines.
It's grammatically weak. Use 一辆 for better Chinese.
山地自行车 (shāndì zìxíngchē) or just 山地车.
셀프 테스트 180 질문
Write 'I have a red bicycle' in Chinese.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say 'I like riding a bike' in Mandarin.
Read this aloud:
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Listen and identify the transport: (Audio: Zixingche)
Write: 'Riding a bike is good for the environment.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Explain how to use a shared bike in Chinese.
Read this aloud:
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Identify the problem: (Audio: 我的自行车链条掉了)
Describe your bike using three adjectives.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Ask someone where the bike parking is.
Read this aloud:
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Who is riding? (Audio: 爸爸骑自行车带我去公园)
I ride a bike to work.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
My bike is blue.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Can you ride a bike?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
This bike is very expensive.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
I need to fix my bike.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
He bought a new bike.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
The bike is at the gate.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
I like cycling.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Don't ride on the sidewalk.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
The bike chain is broken.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Say 'I have a bike'.
Read this aloud:
당신의 답변:
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Say 'Is this your bike?'.
Read this aloud:
당신의 답변:
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Say 'I go to the park by bike'.
Read this aloud:
당신의 답변:
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Say 'The bike is broken'.
Read this aloud:
당신의 답변:
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Say 'I want to buy a bike'.
Read this aloud:
당신의 답변:
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Say 'Where is the bike?'.
Read this aloud:
당신의 답변:
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Say 'Riding a bike is fun'.
Read this aloud:
당신의 답변:
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Say 'I ride every day'.
Read this aloud:
당신의 답변:
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Say 'Scan the code'.
Read this aloud:
당신의 답변:
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Say 'I'll take you on my bike'.
Read this aloud:
당신의 답변:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Identify: 自行车
Identify: 骑车
Identify: 一辆车
Identify: 修车
Identify: 丢了
Identify: 共享单车
Identify: 刹车
Identify: 轮胎
Identify: 自行车道
Identify: 扫码骑车
Describe your favorite bike.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Why is cycling good?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a short note: 'I'm going by bike'.
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Ask: 'Where can I fix my bike?'.
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Write: 'The bike is under the tree'.
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Write: 'I learned to ride at five'.
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Write: 'Shared bikes are everywhere'.
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Write: 'Don't forget to lock it'.
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Write: 'The tire is flat'.
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Write: 'I love cycling in autumn'.
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Say 'I ride to the library'.
Read this aloud:
당신의 답변:
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Say 'My bike is broken, can you help?'.
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당신의 답변:
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Say 'I need a bike lock'.
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당신의 답변:
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Say 'Look at that bike!'.
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당신의 답변:
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Say 'Cycling makes me happy'.
Read this aloud:
당신의 답변:
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Identify: 骑得很快
Identify: 没气了
Identify: 车铃
Identify: 停车处
Identify: 骑行服
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
自行车 (zìxíngchē) is the primary word for bicycle. Remember to use 骑 (qí) to ride it, not 坐 (zuò). Example: 我骑一辆蓝色的自行车 (I ride a blue bicycle).
- Standard Mandarin for bicycle, literally 'self-moving vehicle'.
- Uses the verb 骑 (qí) and measure word 辆 (liàng).
- Culturally iconic in China, from 'Kingdom of Bicycles' to modern bike-sharing.
- Essential A1 vocabulary for transport and daily routines.
Verb Usage
Always use 骑 (qí) for bikes. It's the same verb used for riding horses!
The Kingdom of Bicycles
China was once defined by its sea of bicycles. It's a great conversation topic with older Chinese people.
Shared Bikes
Download Meituan or Alipay to use shared bikes in China. Just scan the QR code!
Helmets
While not always enforced for bikes, it's safer to wear a 头盔 (tóukuī).