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A2 noun 10분 분량

干旱

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 干旱 30초 만에

설명 干旱 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 干旱 (gānhàn) means 'drought' or 'very dry weather.' You might learn it when talking about the weather or basic geography. Think of it as the opposite of 'rainy' (下雨). At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex grammar. Just remember that it describes a place that has no rain for a long time. For example, if you see a picture of a desert, you can say '这里很干旱' (It is very dry here). It is a noun and an adjective. You might see it in simple picture books or basic news headlines about the weather. Focus on the first character '干' (gān) which means 'dry' and is also used in words like '干净' (gānjìng - clean). The second character '旱' (hàn) is specifically about the sun and lack of rain. Even at A1, knowing this word helps you understand basic environmental themes in Chinese culture.

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At the A2 level, you should be able to use 干旱 (gānhàn) in simple sentences to describe the environment or the impact on plants. You can say '因为干旱，花死了' (The flowers died because of the drought). You should start to distinguish 干旱 from 干燥 (gānzào - dry air/skin). Remember that 干旱 is for the climate. You will encounter this word in elementary textbooks when discussing different regions of China, like the Northwest. You can also use it with basic modifiers like '很' (hěn - very) or '不' (bù - not). For example, '这个城市不干旱' (This city is not arid). Understanding this word helps you engage in basic conversations about nature, farming, and why certain foods might be more expensive. It's a key word for moving beyond simple 'sunny' or 'rainy' weather descriptions.

At the B1 level, you should understand 干旱 (gānhàn) as a serious environmental issue. You can use it to talk about the causes and effects of water shortages. You might use phrases like '遭受干旱' (to suffer from drought) or '干旱的影响' (the impact of drought). At this level, you should be able to read short news articles about climate change or agricultural problems that use this word. You can also start using it in the context of '抗旱' (kànghàn - fighting drought). For example, '政府正在采取措施抗旱' (The government is taking measures to fight the drought). You should be comfortable using 干旱 in both spoken and written Chinese to describe regional climates or seasonal weather patterns. You also begin to see how drought affects the economy, such as '干旱导致粮食价格上涨' (Drought leads to rising grain prices).

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At the B2 level, 干旱 (gānhàn) becomes a tool for discussing complex topics like environmental policy, sustainable development, and global warming. You should be familiar with collocations like '持续干旱' (persistent drought), '严重干旱' (severe drought), and '干旱地区' (arid regions). You can explain the relationship between 干旱 and other phenomena like '沙漠化' (shāmòhuà - desertification) or '水资源短缺' (water resource shortage). You should be able to understand more formal reports and academic texts that use 干旱 to describe meteorological trends. For instance, you might discuss the '干旱指数' (drought index) or the '干旱预警' (drought warning) system. Your ability to use the word in a variety of grammatical structures, such as '由于...所造成的干旱' (the drought caused by...), should be well-developed. You can also use it metaphorically in higher-level writing.

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At the C1 level, you use 干旱 (gānhàn) with professional precision. You understand its nuances in scientific, economic, and political contexts. You can discuss the '干旱脆弱性' (drought vulnerability) of certain ecosystems or the '抗旱减灾' (drought relief and disaster reduction) strategies of the state. You are familiar with historical droughts in China and their socio-political consequences. You can read literature where 干旱 serves as a central theme or metaphor for human suffering and resilience. Your vocabulary includes related formal terms like '干涸' (gānhé - to dry up), '枯竭' (kūjié - to be exhausted), and '荒芜' (huāngwú - desolate). You can participate in debates about water rights and the diversion of water to '干旱省份' (arid provinces). Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker's in terms of register and context.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 干旱 (gānhàn) is absolute. You can use it in highly specialized academic writing about paleoclimatology or advanced environmental engineering. You understand the word's deep cultural and historical resonances, from ancient prayers for rain to modern hydro-politics. You can analyze how the concept of 干旱 is used in political rhetoric to emphasize national unity or the need for scientific progress. You are capable of translating complex English texts about drought into natural, idiomatic Chinese, choosing between 干旱, 旱灾, or more poetic terms as the context demands. You can also use the word in creative writing to evoke specific moods or to symbolize existential themes. For you, 干旱 is not just a word for a lack of rain, but a complex concept that intersects with history, science, and the human condition.

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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

干旱 30초 만에

干旱 (gānhàn) means 'drought' or 'arid.' It is used for climate and land, not for skin or small objects.
It is composed of '干' (dry) and '旱' (dry weather/sun). It is a formal term used in news and science.
Common collocations include '严重干旱' (severe drought) and '抗旱' (fighting drought). It often appears in agricultural contexts.
Do not confuse it with '干燥' (gānzào), which refers to dry air or surfaces. '干旱' is a large-scale environmental condition.

The Chinese term 干旱 (gānhàn) is a vital environmental and meteorological noun/adjective that specifically describes the condition of drought. In its most fundamental sense, it refers to a prolonged period where a geographic region experiences a significant deficiency in its water supply, whether atmospheric (below-average precipitation), surface water, or ground water. Unlike simple 'dryness' which might describe the air in a room or a piece of clothing, 干旱 carries a heavy connotation of ecological and agricultural crisis. It is the word used by scientists to describe climate shifts, by farmers to lament the cracking earth in their fields, and by news anchors to report on national emergencies. When you use this word, you are speaking about the macro-environment—the state of the land and the climate.

Environmental Context: Used to describe regions like Northwest China (Xinjiang, Gansu) where rainfall is naturally scarce or when a typically lush area suffers from a lack of rain.

The term is composed of two characters: 干 (gān), meaning dry or parched, and 旱 (hàn), which specifically refers to dry weather or a lack of rain. Together, they create a powerful descriptor for one of nature's most challenging phenomena. In daily life, you won't hear a person say their skin is 干旱; that would be a linguistic error. Instead, they would use 干燥 (gānzào). 干旱 is reserved for the earth, the rivers, the crops, and the climate at large. It is a word of scale and consequence.

由于长期的干旱，这条河流已经完全干涸了。(Due to the long-term drought, this river has completely dried up.)

Historically, in Chinese culture, 干旱 was often associated with divine displeasure or the loss of the 'Mandate of Heaven.' Emperors would perform elaborate rituals at the Temple of Heaven in Beijing to pray for rain (祈雨) to end a drought. This historical weight still lingers in the word today, making it feel more serious than just 'no rain.' It implies a struggle for survival, a threat to the harvest, and a challenge to the stability of society. Modern usage has expanded to include 'ecological drought' and 'socio-economic drought,' reflecting how water shortages impact urban life and industry.

Agricultural Impact: Crops like rice and wheat are highly sensitive to 干旱. Farmers use irrigation (灌溉) to mitigate these effects, but a severe 干旱 can deplete even those resources.

农民们正在想办法应对这场严重的干旱。(The farmers are thinking of ways to deal with this severe drought.)

In the context of global warming and climate change (气候变化), the frequency of 干旱 reports has increased in Chinese media. It is often paired with words like '极端' (jíduān - extreme) or '持续' (chíxù - continuous). Understanding this word is essential for anyone following news about China's geography, environmental policy, or rural development. It is not just a vocabulary word; it is a window into the physical challenges facing one of the world's largest agricultural nations.

Using 干旱 (gānhàn) correctly requires understanding its grammatical flexibility as both a noun and an adjective. While in English we often say 'there is a drought' (noun) or 'the land is drought-stricken' (adjective), in Chinese, 干旱 can function as a descriptor directly after a noun or as the subject/object of a sentence. It frequently appears in the structure '[Place] + [Time] + 发生 (occurred) + 干旱' or '[Place] + 极其 (extremely) + 干旱'.

Pattern 1: As an Adjective: When describing the climate of a place: '这个地区的气候非常干旱' (The climate of this region is very arid/dry).

One of the most common ways to see 干旱 is in formal reports. You will often see the phrase '干旱灾害' (drought disaster) or '干旱等级' (drought level). When describing the severity, we use adjectives like '严重' (yánzhòng - severe), '持续' (chíxù - persistent), or '百年一遇' (bǎinián yīyù - once in a century). These modifiers help specify the intensity of the water shortage.

由于持续干旱，水库的水位降到了历史最低点。(Due to the continuous drought, the reservoir's water level has dropped to its lowest point in history.)

In more colloquial settings, you might hear people say '天旱' (tiānhàn) as a shorthand, but 干旱 remains the standard term for any serious discussion. It is also common to see it in the context of plant care, though usually for large-scale agriculture. For a small houseplant, you might just say '没水了' (no water), but for a forest or a cornfield, 干旱 is the professional choice.

Pattern 2: As a Noun: '这场干旱导致了严重的粮食减产' (This drought resulted in a serious reduction in grain production).

面对干旱，我们必须节约用水。(In the face of drought, we must conserve water.)

Another important usage is in the phrase '抗旱' (kànghàn), which means 'to fight against drought' or 'drought relief.' This is a common term in government initiatives. For example, '抗旱保苗' (fighting drought to protect seedlings) is a frequent slogan in rural China during dry springs. By understanding how 干旱 interacts with verbs like '导致' (cause), '缓解' (alleviate), and '应对' (cope with), you can express complex ideas about environmental challenges.

The word 干旱 (gānhàn) is ubiquitous in Chinese media, particularly during the spring and summer months when agricultural success is at stake. If you watch the nightly news (新闻联播), you will frequently see segments dedicated to the 'weather situation' (天气形势) where meteorologists discuss the lack of rainfall in certain provinces. It's a word that bridges the gap between scientific meteorological data and the everyday survival of millions of people.

The Newsroom: Broadcasters use '干旱' to report on natural disasters. You'll hear phrases like '华北地区遭受严重干旱' (North China is suffering from severe drought).

In an educational setting, 干旱 is a core vocabulary word in geography (地理) and biology (生物) classes. Students learn about the '干旱带' (arid zones) of the world and the adaptations of plants in '干旱环境' (arid environments). It's also a common topic in the Gaokao (China's college entrance exam), where students might have to analyze a map of water distribution or discuss the impact of climate change on drought frequency.

地理老师解释了为什么西北地区如此干旱。(The geography teacher explained why the Northwest region is so arid.)

In literature and film, 干旱 is often used as a metaphor for spiritual or emotional emptiness, or as a backdrop for historical dramas. Famous works like the novel 'Life' (人生) by Lu Yao or the film 'Back to 1942' (一九四二) depict the devastating human cost of drought and famine. In these contexts, the word carries a visceral weight, evoking images of cracked earth, yellow dust, and desperate searches for water.

Daily Conversations: While less common in city small talk, you'll hear it among gardeners or anyone concerned about the price of vegetables, as drought often leads to inflation.

因为干旱，最近的水果价格涨了很多。(Because of the drought, fruit prices have risen a lot recently.)

Finally, you will encounter 干旱 in environmental activism and policy discussions. As China works toward its 'Green' goals, managing '干旱化' (desertification/drying out) of grasslands is a major priority. Whether you are reading a government white paper on water conservation or a social media post about a drying lake, 干旱 is the essential term for the conversation.

One of the most frequent errors learners make with 干旱 (gānhàn) is confusing it with its close relative 干燥 (gānzào). While both involve a lack of moisture, their usage is strictly delineated by scale and context. 干燥 refers to the absence of moisture in the air, on a surface, or in a material. It is a physical sensation or state. 干旱, however, refers to a meteorological or ecological state affecting the land and climate.

Common Mistake: Skin vs. Climate: Incorrect: 我的皮肤很干旱 (My skin is droughty).
Correct: 我的皮肤很干燥 (My skin is dry).

Another mistake is using 干旱 to describe a simple lack of water in a glass or a bottle. You cannot say '这个杯子很干旱.' For objects, you simply use 干 (gān) or 空 (kōng). 干旱 requires a geographic context—a field, a region, a country, or a season. It is a 'big' word that describes 'big' things.

错误：这里的空气很干旱。(Wrong: The air here is droughty.)
正确：这里的空气很干燥。(Right: The air here is dry.)

Learners also sometimes confuse 干旱 with 枯萎 (kūwěi), which means to wither or shrivel. While a drought (干旱) can cause a plant to wither (枯萎), they are not interchangeable. 干旱 is the cause (the weather condition), and 枯萎 is the effect (the state of the plant). You wouldn't say 'The weather is withered' or 'The plant is a drought.'

Collocation Errors: Avoid saying '做干旱' (do drought). Use '发生干旱' (drought occurs) or '遭受干旱' (suffer from drought).

农民们正在应对严重的干旱。(Farmers are coping with severe drought.)

Finally, be careful with the tone. 干 is first tone (gān) and 旱 is fourth tone (hàn). Swapping the tones can lead to confusion, though in context, the meaning is usually clear. However, precise pronunciation helps distinguish it from other 'gan' words like '干涉' (gānshè - interfere) or '干燥' (gānzào - dry).

To truly master 干旱 (gānhàn), it helps to understand its synonyms and how they differ in nuance. While 干旱 is the most common general term for drought, other words might be more appropriate depending on whether you are focusing on the lack of rain, the state of the soil, or the impact on water resources.

干旱 vs. 干燥 (gānzào): As discussed, 干旱 is for climate and land; 干燥 is for air, skin, or materials. '沙漠的气候很干旱' vs. '这里的空气很干燥'.
干旱 vs. 缺水 (quēshuǐ): 缺水 literally means 'lacking water.' It is broader and can apply to a person (dehydration), a city (water shortage), or a plant. 干旱 is specifically the weather condition that leads to 缺水.

In more literary or formal contexts, you might encounter 亢旱 (kànghàn), which refers to an extremely severe and long-lasting drought. This is rarely used in spoken conversation but appears in historical texts or high-level academic papers. Another related term is 荒芜 (huāngwú), which means 'desolate' or 'overgrown with weeds due to neglect,' often a result of the land being too 干旱 to farm.

虽然这个地区很干旱，但通过现代灌溉技术，庄稼长得很好。(Although this area is very arid, crops grow well through modern irrigation technology.)

If you are talking about a river or a well that has run out of water, the word 干涸 (gānhé) is the best choice. It specifically describes the drying up of water bodies. While a 干旱 causes the 干涸, you would say '池塘干涸了' (the pond dried up) rather than '池塘干旱了'.

干旱 vs. 贫瘠 (pínjí): 贫瘠 means 'infertile' or 'poor' soil. Soil can be 贫瘠 without being 干旱, though they often go together in desert regions.

这片土地不仅干旱，而且非常贫瘠。(This land is not only arid but also very infertile.)

By choosing the right word from this cluster, you show a high level of Chinese proficiency. 干旱 is your 'anchor' word, but knowing when to switch to 干燥, 干涸, or 缺水 will make your descriptions much more accurate and natural.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

In ancient Chinese oracle bone script, the character '旱' sometimes included the radical for 'fire,' emphasizing the intense heat that accompanies a drought.

발음 가이드

UK /ɡān.hàn/

US /ɡan.han/

Primary stress on the first syllable 'gān'.

라임이 맞는 단어

山 (shān) 蓝 (lán) 看 (kàn) 慢 (màn) 站 (zhàn) 饭 (fàn) 半 (bàn) 乱 (luàn)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing 'hàn' with a second tone (hán) instead of fourth.
Confusing the 'gān' sound with 'kān'.
Muttering the tones so they sound flat.
Over-emphasizing the 'n' in 'gān'.
Mixing up 'hàn' with 'hán' (cold).

난이도

독해 3/5

The characters are relatively simple, but the word often appears in complex scientific or news contexts.

쓰기 4/5

Writing '旱' (hàn) requires attention to the '日' and '干' structure.

말하기 2/5

The pronunciation is straightforward, though tones must be precise.

듣기 3/5

Can be confused with '干燥' or '干涉' if not listening carefully to the second syllable.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

干 (dry) 天气 (weather) 下雨 (to rain) 水 (water) 地方 (place)

다음에 배울 것

沙漠 (desert) 气候 (climate) 灌溉 (irrigation) 资源 (resources) 环境保护 (environmental protection)

고급

荒漠化 (desertification) 降水量 (precipitation) 生态平衡 (ecological balance) 可持续发展 (sustainable development) 厄尔尼诺现象 (El Niño phenomenon)

알아야 할 문법

Using '由于' (yóuyú) to indicate cause in formal contexts.

由于干旱，湖泊的水位下降了。

Using '导致' (dǎozhì) for negative consequences.

严重的干旱导致了森林火灾。

The use of '-化' (huà) to denote a process of change (e.g., 干旱化).

土地干旱化是一个严重的问题。

Using '面临' (miànlín) for facing a situation or crisis.

许多国家正面临干旱的威胁。

Using '不仅...还...' to connect two related impacts.

干旱不仅影响农业，还影响发电。

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수준별 예문

这里很干旱。

It is very dry/arid here.

Basic Subject + Adverb + Adjective structure.

干旱对花不好。

Drought is not good for flowers.

Using '对...不好' to show impact.

这个地方没有雨，很干旱。

This place has no rain, it's very dry.

Compound sentence with '没有' and '干旱'.

因为干旱，草是黄色的。

Because of the drought, the grass is yellow.

Using '因为' to show cause.

干旱的时候，我们要节约水。

When there is a drought, we need to save water.

Using '...的时候' for timing.

北方比南方干旱。

The north is drier than the south.

Comparison structure using '比'.

那里的气候很干旱。

The climate there is very arid.

Noun + '的气候' + Adjective.

农民不喜欢干旱。

Farmers do not like drought.

Simple Subject + Verb + Object.

长期的干旱让河流干了。

Long-term drought made the river dry up.

Using '让' (ràng) as a causative verb.

由于干旱，今年的水果很贵。

Due to the drought, fruits are very expensive this year.

Using '由于' (yóuyú) for formal 'because of'.

西北地区非常干旱，很少下雨。

The Northwest region is very arid and rarely rains.

Adverb '很少' (hěn shǎo) modifying the verb.

这场干旱持续了三个月。

This drought has lasted for three months.

Verb '持续' (chíxù) + duration.

干旱的天气让大家很担心。

The dry weather makes everyone worried.

Noun phrase '干旱的天气' as a subject.

如果没有干旱，庄稼会更好。

If there were no drought, the crops would be better.

Conditional '如果...会...'.

我们要学习如何应对干旱。

We need to learn how to deal with drought.

Verb '应对' (yìngduì) meaning 'to cope with'.

干旱地区有很多特殊的植物。

There are many special plants in arid regions.

Using '干旱' as an attributive adjective for '地区'.

严重的干旱导致了当地的粮食短缺。

Severe drought led to a local food shortage.

Using '导致' (dǎozhì) for negative results.

政府拨了一大笔钱来抗旱。

The government allocated a large sum of money for drought relief.

The term '抗旱' (kànghàn) as a purpose.

科学家们在研究如何减少干旱的损失。

Scientists are researching how to reduce drought losses.

Verb '减少' (jiǎnshǎo) + noun '损失' (sǔnshī).

由于全球变暖，干旱变得越来越频繁。

Due to global warming, droughts are becoming more and more frequent.

Using '越来越' (yuè lái yuè) for increasing trends.

这场干旱不仅影响了农业，还影响了工业。

This drought affected not only agriculture but also industry.

Structure '不仅...还...' (not only... but also...).

在干旱季节，森林火灾的风险很高。

During the dry season, the risk of forest fires is high.

Noun phrase '干旱季节' (dry season).

我们需要建设更多的水利工程来应对干旱。

We need to build more water conservancy projects to deal with drought.

Verb phrase '建设...工程' (build projects).

虽然下了点雨，但干旱的情况还没有完全缓解。

Although it rained a little, the drought situation has not been fully relieved.

Using '虽然...但...' and '缓解' (huǎnjiě).

持续的干旱已经威胁到了当地的生态平衡。

Continuous drought has already threatened the local ecological balance.

Verb '威胁' (wēixié) used with '到'.

该地区正面临着几十年来最严重的干旱。

The region is facing its most severe drought in decades.

Verb '面临' (miànlín) meaning 'to face/be confronted with'.

干旱指数是评估旱情严重程度的重要工具。

The drought index is an important tool for assessing the severity of the drought.

Using '评估' (pínggū) and '程度' (chéngdù).

通过跨流域调水，我们可以有效缓解北方的干旱。

Through inter-basin water transfer, we can effectively alleviate drought in the north.

Using '通过' (tōngguò) to indicate the means.

专家指出，森林砍伐是导致该地区干旱加剧的原因之一。

Experts point out that deforestation is one of the reasons for the worsening drought in the region.

The word '加剧' (jiājù) meaning 'to intensify/worsen'.

干旱不仅是自然现象，也与人类活动密切相关。

Drought is not only a natural phenomenon but also closely related to human activities.

Using '与...密切相关' (closely related to).

为了防止土地干旱化，我们必须加强植树造林。

To prevent land desertification (drying), we must strengthen afforestation.

The suffix '-化' (-huà) indicating a process of change.

在极端干旱的条件下，许多生物都无法生存。

Under extreme drought conditions, many organisms cannot survive.

Using '在...条件下' (under... conditions).

干旱对社会经济的影响是深远且复杂的。

The socio-economic impact of drought is profound and complex.

Using '深远' (shēnyuǎn) and '复杂' (fùzá) as descriptors.

政府颁布了新的抗旱条例，以规范水资源的管理。

The government issued new drought regulations to standardize water resource management.

Verb '颁布' (bānbù) for issuing laws/regulations.

这次干旱引发了关于水权分配的激烈辩论。

This drought triggered a heated debate about the allocation of water rights.

Verb '引发' (yǐnfā) meaning 'to trigger/spark'.

气候模型预测，未来该地区的干旱频率将显著增加。

Climate models predict that the frequency of droughts in the region will increase significantly in the future.

Using '预测' (yùcè) and '显著' (xiǎnzhù).

我们需要建立一个综合性的干旱监测和预警系统。

We need to establish a comprehensive drought monitoring and early warning system.

Compound noun '监测和预警系统'.

干旱往往伴随着高温，这进一步加剧了灾情。

Drought is often accompanied by high temperatures, which further exacerbates the disaster.

Verb '伴随着' (bànsuízhe) meaning 'to be accompanied by'.

历史上的许多文明都因为长期的干旱而走向衰落。

Many civilizations in history have declined due to long-term droughts.

Structure '因为...而...' (because of... and thus...).

这种作物品种具有极强的抗干旱能力。

This crop variety has an extremely strong drought resistance capability.

Using '抗...' as a prefix for 'anti-' or 'resistant to'.

干旱不仅是水分的匮乏，更是对人类社会韧性的严峻考验。

Drought is not only a lack of moisture but also a severe test of human society's resilience.

Using '不仅是...更是...' for emphatic comparison.

在干旱的宏大叙事中，个体的命运往往显得微不足道。

In the grand narrative of drought, the fate of individuals often seems insignificant.

Literary phrase '宏大叙事' (grand narrative) and '微不足道' (insignificant).

气候变化的非线性特征使得干旱的预测变得极具挑战性。

The non-linear characteristics of climate change make drought prediction extremely challenging.

Scientific term '非线性特征' (non-linear characteristics).

文学作品常以干旱为隐喻，探讨人类在极端环境下的道德抉择。

Literary works often use drought as a metaphor to explore human moral choices in extreme environments.

Using '以...为隐喻' (use... as a metaphor).

该政策旨在通过技术创新和制度改革，从根本上解决干旱带来的危机。

The policy aims to fundamentally solve the crisis brought by drought through technological innovation and institutional reform.

Using '从根本上' (fundamentally) and '旨在' (aimed at).

干旱的持续蔓延不仅导致了生态退化，还引发了大规模的移民潮。

The continuous spread of drought has not only led to ecological degradation but also triggered a massive wave of migration.

Using '蔓延' (mányán) for the spread of abstract or negative things.

这种生态脆弱性在长期干旱的背景下显得尤为突出。

This ecological vulnerability appears particularly prominent against the backdrop of long-term drought.

Using '在...背景下' (against the backdrop of).

通过对古气候数据的分析，我们可以更深入地理解干旱的周期性规律。

Through the analysis of paleoclimate data, we can more deeply understand the periodic patterns of drought.

Using '周期性规律' (periodic patterns).

자주 쓰는 조합

严重干旱

持续干旱

干旱地区

抗旱

干旱季节

面临干旱

缓解干旱

干旱灾害

极其干旱

干旱预警

자주 쓰는 구문

干旱少雨

— Dry and with little rain. Often used to describe a region's climate.

这里气候干旱少雨，植被稀疏。

十年九旱

— Drought nine years out of ten. Describes a place prone to frequent drought.

这个地方十年九旱，生活很艰苦。

抗旱保苗

— Fighting drought to protect seedlings. A common agricultural slogan.

农民们正在田间忙着抗旱保苗。

干旱指数

— Drought index. A scientific measure of drought severity.

通过干旱指数，我们可以科学地评估旱情。

季节性干旱

— Seasonal drought. Drought that occurs at a specific time of year.

春季干旱对小麦的生长非常不利。

极端干旱

— Extreme drought. Used for very rare and severe water shortages.

极端干旱导致了当地生态系统的崩溃。

干旱化

— Aridification/Desertification. The process of land becoming drier.

我们要警惕土地干旱化的趋势。

干旱预报

— Drought forecast. Predicting future drought conditions.

干旱预报对农业生产具有重要意义。

大范围干旱

— Large-scale drought. Drought affecting a wide area.

今年夏季出现了大范围干旱。

抗旱物资

— Drought relief supplies. Goods used to fight drought (pumps, etc.).

政府正在调运抗旱物资。

자주 혼동되는 단어

干旱 vs 干燥 (gānzào)

干燥 is for air/skin/texture; 干旱 is for climate/land/drought.

干旱 vs 干枯 (gānkū)

干枯 means withered or shriveled (like a dead leaf); 干旱 is the weather condition.

干旱 vs 缺水 (quēshuǐ)

缺水 is a general lack of water; 干旱 is specifically a drought.

관용어 및 표현

"久旱逢甘雨"

— A sweet rain after a long drought. Metaphorically means a long-awaited relief or joy.

听到这个好消息，真像是久旱逢甘雨。

Literary/Common

"旱涝保收"

— Ensuring a good harvest regardless of drought or flood. Often used to describe stable jobs or investments.

这份工作待遇好，而且旱涝保收。

Neutral/Common

"口干舌燥"

— Dry mouth and parched tongue. Used literally (thirst) or for someone who has talked too much.

我说了半天，已经口干舌燥了。

Informal (Uses '燥' but related to '干')

"干柴烈火"

— Dry wood and a fierce fire. Metaphor for strong physical attraction or a volatile situation.

他们两个在一起就像干柴烈火。

Informal/Slangy

"外干中强"

— Dry on the outside but strong on the inside. Rare; usually '外强中干'.

他虽然看起来和气，其实外强中干。

Literary

"旱地拔葱"

— Pulling an onion from dry land. A martial arts move or a sudden, powerful upward movement.

他一个旱地拔葱，跳过了围墙。

Specialized/Common

"枯木逢春"

— A withered tree meeting spring. To get a second lease on life or a new opportunity.

这项老技术经过改良，真是枯木逢春。

Literary

"焦头烂额"

— Burnt head and scorched forehead. To be in a terrible fix or overwhelmed by difficulties (often drought-related in origin).

为了处理这些问题，他忙得焦头烂额。

Common

"寸草不生"

— Not even a blade of grass grows. Describes a place made completely barren by drought or war.

那片干旱的沙漠寸草不生。

Literary

"杯水车薪"

— A cup of water for a cartload of burning wood. An utterly inadequate measure.

这些钱对于抗旱来说只是杯水车薪。

Common

혼동하기 쉬운

干旱 vs 干燥

Both mean 'dry'.

干燥 (gānzào) is a physical property of air or objects. You can have a '干燥' room. 干旱 (gānhàn) is a weather disaster. You cannot have a '干旱' room.

房间里很干燥。/ 这个地区很干旱。

干旱 vs 干涸

Both involve things drying up.

干涸 (gānhé) is a verb specifically for water sources like lakes or rivers running out of water. 干旱 is the cause.

河流干涸了。

干旱 vs 枯萎

Both relate to lack of water and plants.

枯萎 (kūwěi) is what happens to the plant (withering). 干旱 is the environmental state.

花朵枯萎了。

干旱 vs 贫瘠

Both describe 'bad' land.

贫瘠 (pínjí) refers to soil lacking nutrients. Land can be fertile but currently dry (干旱), or wet but lacking nutrients (贫瘠).

土地非常贫瘠。

干旱 vs 旱灾

Very similar meaning.

旱灾 (hànzāi) specifically emphasizes the 'disaster' (灾) aspect. It is a noun only.

这场旱灾造成了巨大的损失。

문장 패턴

[Place] + 很 + 干旱。

这里很干旱。

因为 + 干旱，[Effect]。

因为干旱，花死了。

[Event] + 导致了 + 严重的干旱。

全球变暖导致了严重的干旱。

[Place] + 面临着 + [Duration] + 最严重的干旱。

非洲正面临着五十年来最严重的干旱。

[Measure] + 旨在 + 缓解 + 干旱。

这项政策旨在缓解北方的干旱。

在 + [Condition] + 的背景下，干旱 + [Verb]。

在气候变化的背景下，干旱变得更加频繁。

干旱 + 不仅是... + 更是...。

干旱不仅是水分的缺失，更是对文明的考验。

[Abstract Concept] + 使得 + 干旱 + [Adjective]。

生态脆弱性使得干旱的影响尤为显著。

어휘 가족

명사

旱情 (hànqíng) - drought situation

旱灾 (hànzāi) - drought disaster

旱地 (hàndì) - dry land/upland

동사

抗旱 (kànghàn) - to fight drought

耐旱 (nàihàn) - to endure drought/drought-resistant

형용사

干旱的 (gānhàn de) - arid/droughty

干巴巴 (gānbābā) - dry and dull

사용법

frequency

Common in news, geography, and agriculture; rare in urban social small talk.

자주 하는 실수

我的皮肤很干旱。 → 我的皮肤很干燥。
Skin is not a geographic region. Use '干燥' for physical dryness of the body or objects.
这个杯子很干旱。 → 这个杯子是空的/干的。
Drought only applies to climate and land, not to small containers.
这里的空气很干旱。 → 这里的空气很干燥。
Air humidity is described by '干燥', not '干旱'.
做干旱 (zuò gānhàn) → 发生干旱 / 遭受干旱
You don't 'do' a drought. It 'occurs' (发生) or you 'suffer' from it (遭受).
干旱的花 (gānhàn de huā) → 干枯的花 / 枯萎的花
A plant itself is not 'droughty'; it is 'withered' (枯萎).

팁

Using '由于' with 干旱

In formal writing, '由于' (yóuyú) is the standard way to say 'due to' when explaining the cause of something like a drought. Example: 由于长期干旱，水位下降了。

Distinguish from 干燥

Always remember: 干燥 is for small things/air/skin. 干旱 is for the earth/climate. This is the #1 mistake learners make!

The importance of Water

In China, drought is not just weather; it's a historical threat to social stability. This is why the government takes '抗旱' so seriously.

Sun over Earth

Look at the character '旱'. It's a '日' (sun) over '干' (dry). Imagine the sun baking the dry earth into a drought.

Noun vs. Adjective

Don't worry too much about the part of speech. Just use it as a descriptor for climate or a subject for a disaster.

Drought Index

In academic or news contexts, you'll see '干旱指数'. This is how scientists measure how bad the drought is.

久旱逢甘雨

This is a very famous idiom. It's used when something good finally happens after a long wait. It's great for your HSK exams!

Stroke Order

Pay attention to the stroke order of '旱'. The '日' on top is small and compact.

News Keywords

When you hear '干旱' on the news, listen for the province name (like 陕西 or 甘肃) to know where it's happening.

Tone Accuracy

Practice the 4th tone of 'hàn'. It should sound like a firm 'No!' in English.

암기하기

기억법

Think of the '日' (sun) in '旱' (hàn) beating down on the '干' (dry) earth. The sun is the boss of the drought!

시각적 연상

Imagine a cracked, brown field under a giant, angry sun. The cracks in the earth look like the lines in the character '干'.

Word Web

Weather Agriculture Water Climate Change Desert Famine Irrigation Nature

챌린지

Try to use '干旱' in a sentence about your favorite travel destination's climate. Is it '干旱' or '湿润'?

어원

The word is a compound of '干' (gān) and '旱' (hàn). '干' originally depicted a pestle or a shield, but evolved to mean 'dry.' '旱' consists of '日' (sun) on top and '干' (dry) below, representing the sun scorching the earth and causing a lack of rain.

원래 의미: The original meaning specifically referred to weather that was too hot and dry for crops to grow.

Sino-Tibetan

문화적 맥락

When discussing drought in rural areas, be mindful that it is often a source of genuine hardship and economic loss for farmers.

While English speakers use 'drought' mostly as a noun, Chinese speakers use '干旱' frequently as an adjective to describe a region's permanent climate (arid).

The film 'Back to 1942' (一九四二) depicts a devastating drought in Henan province. The classic novel 'The Good Earth' by Pearl S. Buck features drought as a central conflict. Modern Chinese news reports on the 'South-to-North Water Diversion' (南水北调).

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Weather Forecast

发布干旱预警
旱情持续
降水偏少
气温偏高

Farming

庄稼受旱
引水灌溉
抗旱保苗
产量下降

Geography Class

干旱带
半干旱气候
植被稀少
水土流失

Environmental News

全球变暖
极端天气
水资源短缺
生态危机

Daily Life in Dry Regions

节约用水
水费上涨
天不下雨
地都裂了

대화 시작하기

"你觉得全球变暖会导致更多的干旱吗？(Do you think global warming will lead to more droughts?)"

"你的家乡曾经发生过严重的干旱吗？(Has your hometown ever experienced a severe drought?)"

"在干旱的地区，人们应该如何节约用水？(How should people in arid regions save water?)"

"你认为抗旱最重要的措施是什么？(What do you think is the most important measure to fight drought?)"

"干旱对当地的食物价格有什么影响？(What impact does drought have on local food prices?)"

일기 주제

描述一个干旱的地方。那里的景色是什么样的？人们的生活如何？(Describe an arid place. What is the scenery like? How is people's life?)

写一段关于干旱对农民影响的文字。(Write a paragraph about the impact of drought on farmers.)

如果你是一个科学家，你会如何解决全球干旱问题？(If you were a scientist, how would you solve the global drought problem?)

讨论水资源管理在应对干旱中的重要性。(Discuss the importance of water management in coping with drought.)

记录一次你经历过的缺水或干旱天气。(Record a time you experienced water shortage or dry weather.)

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

No, that is a common mistake. For dry skin, you should use '干燥' (gānzào). '干旱' is reserved for the climate and the land. Saying '我的皮肤很干旱' would sound like your skin is a geographic region suffering from a natural disaster.

It can be both. As a noun, it means 'drought' (e.g., 这场干旱). As an adjective, it means 'arid' or 'dry' (e.g., 干旱的气候). In Chinese, the distinction is often fluid.

'干旱' is the general term for the condition of drought. '旱灾' (hànzāi) specifically refers to drought as a disaster that causes damage. Use '旱灾' when focusing on the destruction or emergency relief.

You say '干旱地区' (gānhàn dìqū). For 'semi-arid region', you say '半干旱地区' (bàn gānhàn dìqū).

The most common opposites are '湿润' (shīrùn - moist/humid) or '多雨' (duōyǔ - rainy). If you are talking about the opposite disaster, use '洪涝' (hónglào - flood).

Usually, no. It's better to say '盆里的土干了' (the soil in the pot is dry). '干旱' implies a larger scale, like a field or a region.

It is less common in city small talk but very common in news, school, and rural areas. In a city, you might just say '好久没下雨了' (it hasn't rained for a long time).

'抗' (kàng) means to resist or fight. '抗旱' means the actions taken to fight against a drought, such as using irrigation or cloud seeding.

Not necessarily, but they usually go together. A drought is a lack of water. However, most droughts are exacerbated by high temperatures.

Yes, it is more formal than just saying '干'. It is the standard term used in writing and formal speech.

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