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A2 verb #4,000 가장 일반적인 14분 분량

不及格

bujige 상위 4,000

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 不及格 30초 만에

설명 不及格 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that '不及格' (bù jí gé) means 'to fail a test.' It is a very useful word because students often talk about their grades. Think of it as the opposite of '及格' (to pass). You will mostly use it in simple sentences like '我不及格' (I failed) or '他不及格' (He failed). You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet. Just remember that it refers to a score on a test that is not high enough. In China, this usually means getting a score lower than 60 out of 100. It is a combination of three simple ideas: 'not' (不), 'reach' (及), and 'standard' (格).

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At the A2 level, you should start using '不及格' with specific subjects. For example, '我的数学不及格' (My math failed). You should also notice that '不及格' usually comes at the end of the sentence or describes a noun. You can say '不及格的成绩' (a failing grade). It is important to distinguish '不及格' from '失败' (shībài). Use '不及格' for tests and '失败' for other things like games or plans. You might also hear '了' (le) at the end, like '他不及格了,' which means the result is now known. This word is very common in school settings, so if you are a student or teacher, you will use it often.

By B1, you can use '不及格' in more complex sentence structures, such as conditional sentences ('如果你不及格，就得重考' - If you fail, you have to retake the test). You should also be aware of the noun form '不及格率' (failure rate), which is used to talk about how many people failed a particular exam. At this level, you can also start using the common university slang '挂科' (guà kē) as a synonym in informal conversations. You should understand that '不及格' is a formal term and is what you will see on official documents. You can also use '差一点就不及格' to describe a 'close call' where someone almost failed but barely passed.

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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable with the metaphorical uses of '不及格.' For instance, describing someone's performance in a role as '不及格' (e.g., '作为一个父亲，他是不及格的' - As a father, he is failing/substandard). You should also be able to compare '不及格' with '不合格' (bù hégé), which is used for quality control and industrial standards. You should understand the nuances of the word '及' (to reach) in various contexts. Furthermore, you should be able to discuss the social implications of failing exams in Chinese culture, such as the pressure from parents and the consequences for future education, using '不及格' as a central term in your discussion.

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At the C1 level, you should have a deep understanding of the word's etymology and its place in the broader vocabulary of evaluation. You should be able to use it in formal academic or professional writing to describe data related to performance standards. You should also be familiar with related literary or historical terms like '落榜' (failing the imperial exams) and how '不及格' serves as the modern, more clinical equivalent. You can use '不及格' to critique systems, policies, or performances with precision. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the subtle differences between '不及格' and other terms for non-compliance or failure, such as '违规' (violating rules) or '达不到标准' (not reaching the standard).

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At the C2 level, '不及格' is a tool for nuanced social commentary. You can use it to discuss the philosophy of 'the standard' (格) in Chinese society and how the concept of 'reaching the standard' (及格) has evolved over time. You should be able to use the word in high-level debates about education reform, quality control in the digital age, or the moral 'standards' of public figures. You can handle the word in any context, from legal documents to classical-style essays, and you understand its resonance in the collective consciousness of Chinese-speaking communities. You can play with the word's components to create puns or sophisticated metaphors that resonate with native speakers' cultural background.

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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

不及格 30초 만에

Used specifically for failing tests, exams, or courses where a numerical standard is involved.
The opposite of 及格 (pass); usually refers to a score below 60 out of 100 in China.
Commonly used as a stative verb or adjective (e.g., 我不及格 or 不及格的成绩).
Avoid using it for general life failures; use 失败 (shībài) for those contexts instead.

The term 不及格 (bù jí gé) is a fundamental Chinese verb-object construction that translates directly to 'to fail' or 'to not pass,' specifically in the context of a standardized test, an examination, or a formal course of study. In the Chinese educational landscape, this word carries significant weight, often associated with the critical threshold of 60%, which is the traditional passing grade in most Chinese schools and universities. When a student receives a score below this benchmark, they are described as being 不及格. The word is composed of three characters: 不 (bù) meaning 'not,' 及 (jí) meaning 'to reach' or 'to attain,' and 格 (gé) meaning 'standard,' 'pattern,' or 'grid.' Literally, it describes the act of not reaching the required standard or falling short of the established grid of success.

Academic Failure: This is the primary usage. It refers to the result of an exam where the score is lower than the passing mark. For example, if the passing score is 60 and you get 59, you are 不及格.
Course Completion: It can also refer to the overall result of a semester-long course. If a student does not meet the requirements to earn credit for a class, the final grade is recorded as 不及格.
Quality Standards: In some contexts, it can describe a product or a performance that fails to meet the minimum acceptable quality, though '不合格' is more common for physical goods.

要是你这次考试不及格，你就得参加补考。
(If you fail this exam, you will have to take a make-up test.)

The cultural resonance of 不及格 cannot be overstated. In a society that historically values academic achievement through the imperial examination system (Keju) and contemporary high-stakes testing like the Gaokao, failing a test is often seen as a significant setback. It isn't just a lack of points; it's often perceived as a lack of effort or a failure to fulfill one's duty to the family. Consequently, the word is frequently heard in conversations between parents and children, teachers and students, and among peers who are commiserating over a difficult curriculum. It is a word of judgment, but also a word of warning. Teachers often use it as a motivator, reminding students that '不及格' leads to '补考' (make-up exams) or '留级' (repeating a grade).

他的英语成绩总是不及格，这让他很苦恼。
(His English grades are always failing, which makes him very distressed.)

In modern slang, students might avoid the heavy, formal tone of 不及格 by using the term 挂科 (guà kē). However, in official documents, report cards, and formal teacher-parent conferences, 不及格 remains the standard term. It is a binary state: you either '及格' (pass) or you '不及格' (fail). There is no middle ground in this specific terminology. Interestingly, the term can be used metaphorically to describe a person's behavior if they fail to meet basic social or moral expectations, though this is less common than its academic usage. For instance, a father might say his performance as a parent is '不及格' if he feels he hasn't spent enough time with his children, implying he hasn't met the 'standard' of a good father.

因为生病，他错过了很多课，结果考试不及格。
(Because of illness, he missed many classes, and as a result, he failed the exam.)

Numerical Thresholds: In the 100-point system, 60 is the magic number. Anything 59 and below is 不及格.
Consequences: 不及格 usually implies the need for remediation, such as a re-test (重考) or retaking the course (重修).

全班只有两个同学不及格。
(Only two students in the whole class failed.)

如果你不努力学习，你会不及格的。
(If you don't study hard, you will fail.)

Using 不及格 (bù jí gé) correctly involves understanding its role as a stative verb or an adjective that describes a status. It does not typically take a direct object in the way the English verb 'to fail' does (e.g., you don't '不及格 an exam' directly by putting the exam after the verb). Instead, the exam or the subject of the failure usually comes before the word or is linked by a possessive. This structural difference is a common stumbling block for English speakers. In Chinese, the failure is a state that applies to the person or the score itself.

Subject + 不及格: The most common structure. '他不及格' (He failed). This implies he failed whatever test was recently discussed.
Specific Subject + 不及格: Adding the subject of the test: '他的数学不及格' (His math failed/His math grade is a failing grade).
Exam + 不及格: '这次考试我不及格' (I failed this exam). Note that the exam is the topic, followed by the person and the failure status.

我真的很担心我的物理会不及格。
(I am really worried that I will fail my physics.)

When you want to say 'failed the exam' in a more active sense, you might use the preposition '在' (in) or simply state the exam as the topic. However, the most natural way remains '考试不及格.' You can also use the particle '了' (le) to indicate a change in state or the realization of the failure: '他不及其了' (He has failed). This is common when the results have just been released. Furthermore, 不及格 can modify nouns, such as in '不及格的成绩' (a failing grade) or '不及格的分数' (a failing score).

老师说，如果你不及格，就不能毕业。
(The teacher said if you fail, you cannot graduate.)

Another important grammatical aspect is the use of degree adverbs. While you can't be 'very failed,' you can say '差一点就不及格' (almost failed). This indicates that the score was very close to the 60-point line but just barely passed. Conversely, '惨遭不及格' (miserably failed) adds an emotional layer to the failure. In formal reporting, you might see phrases like '不及格率' (failure rate), which is a common metric used to evaluate the difficulty of an exam or the performance of a teaching program. If a test is so hard that most students fail, the '不及格率' will be very high.

由于卷子太难，这次数学考试的不及格率很高。
(Because the paper was too difficult, the failure rate for this math exam was very high.)

Modification: Use '不及格的' before nouns like '成绩' (grades) or '学生' (students).
Time Expressions: '连续三次不及格' (failed three times in a row). This shows the recurring nature of the state.

他差一点就不及格了，真是好险！
(He almost failed; that was a close call!)

任何一门功课不及格，都拿不到奖学金。
(If you fail any single subject, you won't get the scholarship.)

In the daily lives of Chinese speakers, 不及格 (bù jí gé) is a word that echoes through the halls of schools and the living rooms of families. It is the language of the '成绩单' (report card). When students gather to discuss their results, they might ask, '你及格了吗？' (Did you pass?) and the dreaded answer would be '我不及格' (I failed). You will hear it in faculty lounges where teachers discuss student progress, often with a tone of concern or frustration. It is also a staple of Chinese television dramas, especially those centered around high school life (the 'youth' genre), where the plot often hinges on a character's struggle to avoid 不及格 to stay on a sports team or to please strict parents.

In the Classroom: Teachers announcing results: '这次考试有五个人不及格.' (Five people failed this exam.)
At Home: Parents scolding children: '你怎么又不及格？' (How did you fail again?)
In the News: Reports on national standards or fitness tests: '青少年的体能测试不及格率在上升.' (The failure rate of teenagers' physical fitness tests is rising.)

他在班会上被点名批评，因为他有三门功课不及格。
(He was publicly criticized at the class meeting because he failed three subjects.)

Beyond the literal academic setting, you might hear 不及格 in the workplace, though it is slightly more metaphorical there. If a project proposal is rejected because it doesn't meet the company's basic requirements, a manager might say, '这个方案不及格' (This proposal doesn't pass muster). It implies that the work is so far below the standard that it cannot even be considered for further refinement. In the realm of public service and government, the term is used in performance evaluations. Officials or departments that fail to meet their annual targets are often labeled as '不及格,' which can lead to disciplinary actions or a loss of funding. This usage reinforces the idea of a 'standard' (格) that must be met.

虽然他很努力，但因为基础太差，考试还是不及格。
(Although he worked very hard, because his foundation was too poor, he still failed the exam.)

In the context of health and fitness, '不及格' is used for standardized physical tests (体能测试) in schools or the military. If a student cannot run 1000 meters in the required time, they are marked as '不及格.' This is a common source of anxiety for many Chinese students. In literature and film, the '不及格' character is often the underdog or the rebel. Their struggle with this 'standard' represents their struggle with societal expectations. Hearing the word in these contexts often signals a turning point in the story—either the character will buckle down and study, or they will find a different path to success outside the traditional '格' of the system.

如果你的视力测试不及格，你就不能拿到驾照。
(If you fail your vision test, you cannot get a driver's license.)

Official Forms: In checkboxes on evaluation forms, you'll see: 优秀 (Excellent), 良好 (Good), 及格 (Pass), 不及格 (Fail).
Social Media: Memes about 'failing at life' often use '不及格' to mock one's own inability to do basic tasks like cooking or dating.

由于他在比赛中表现不及格，教练决定让他坐板凳。
(Because his performance in the game was failing/substandard, the coach decided to bench him.)

这次的年终考核，如果你不及格，奖金就会被取消。
(If you fail this year-end evaluation, your bonus will be canceled.)

One of the most frequent errors learners make with 不及格 (bù jí gé) is confusing it with other words for 'failure' like 失败 (shībài) or 不合格 (bù hégé). While they all translate to 'failure' or 'not passing' in certain contexts, their usage is quite distinct and switching them can lead to unnatural-sounding Chinese. 不及格 is almost exclusively reserved for quantitative standards, like scores and grades. Using it to describe a failed business, a failed marriage, or a failed attempt at a world record is incorrect. In those cases, '失败' is the appropriate term.

不及格 vs. 失败: Use '不及格' for grades (e.g., failed math). Use '失败' for outcomes (e.g., the experiment failed, the plan failed).
不及格 vs. 不合格: Use '不及格' for people/scores in tests. Use '不合格' for products or materials that don't meet industrial standards (e.g., '不合格产品' - defective products).
Transitive Usage: Avoid '我不及格了考试' (I failed the exam). Correct: '我考试不及格' (My exam [result] is failing).

❌ 我不及格了数学考试。
✅ 我的数学考试不及格。
(Correct: My math exam failed / I failed the math exam.)

Another mistake involves the placement of the word '及格' (pass). Some learners try to say '不考试及格' when they want to say 'didn't pass the exam,' but '不及格' is already the negative form. You don't need to add another '不' elsewhere. Additionally, learners often forget that 不及格 is a verb-object structure (及 + 格). This means you cannot easily insert other words between '及' and '格.' It is a fixed unit. For example, you wouldn't say '不及了格' to indicate a past failure; instead, you say '不及格了.'

❌ 这个产品不及格。
✅ 这个产品不合格。
(Correct: This product is substandard/defective.)

Furthermore, be careful with the word '没' (méi). While you can say '考试没及格' (didn't pass the exam), which emphasizes the action of passing wasn't completed, '不及格' (failing) emphasizes the status of the score. They are often interchangeable in casual speech, but '不及格' is the formal term used for the result itself. A common pitfall is using '不及格' for failing a driver's license road test. While it's sometimes used, '没过' (didn't pass) or '没通过' (didn't pass through) is more common for practical skills tests, whereas '不及格' is used for the written theory portion.

❌ 我的计划不及格了。
✅ 我的计划失败了。
(Correct: My plan failed.)

Collocation Errors: Don't say '不及格的人' to mean a 'loser.' Use '失败者' (shībàizhě). '不及格的人' just means someone who failed a specific test.
Degree Adverbs: You can't say '非常不及格.' You can say '分数非常低' (score is very low) or '惨遭不及格.'

❌ 他不及格了这次面试。
✅ 他这次面试没通过。
(Correct: He didn't pass this interview.)

❌ 数学不及格了三个人。
✅ 数学考试有三个人不及格。
(Correct: Three people failed the math exam.)

In Chinese, there are several ways to express the concept of 'failing' or 'not passing,' and choosing the right one depends heavily on the formality of the situation and the specific type of failure. While 不及格 (bù jí gé) is the standard term for exams, you will frequently encounter synonyms and related terms that carry different nuances. Understanding these comparisons is key to reaching a higher level of fluency and sounding like a native speaker.

不及格 vs. 挂科 (guà kē): '不及格' is formal and used in report cards. '挂科' is university slang, literally meaning 'to hang a subject.' Students use '挂科' among friends: '我这学期挂科了' (I failed a course this semester).
不及格 vs. 没过 (méi guò): '没过' is the short form of '没有通过' (did not pass). It is very common in spoken Chinese for any kind of test, including driving tests, interviews, or exams. It's less formal than '不及格.'
不及格 vs. 不合格 (bù hégé): '不合格' is used for quality control. If a batch of milk is contaminated, it is '不合格.' If a soldier fails a physical fitness standard, he is '不合格.' '不及格' is strictly for points/grades.

他在大学里经常挂科，最后被劝退了。
(He often failed courses in university and was finally advised to withdraw.)

Other alternatives include 落榜 (luòbǎng), which is a very specific term used for failing an important entrance exam, like the Gaokao or a civil service exam. It literally means 'to fall off the list' (the list of successful candidates). This carries a much heavier emotional and historical weight than '不及格.' For failing a physical skill or a barrier, 未通过 (wèi tōngguò) is the formal written term often seen on digital portals or automated messages. For example, if your online application is rejected, the status might say '审核未通过' (Audit not passed).

这次面试我没过，还得继续找工作。
(I didn't pass the interview this time; I have to keep looking for a job.)

When discussing the results of a group, you might use 淘汰 (táotài), which means 'to eliminate' or 'to wash out.' This is common in competitions or high-pressure training programs. If you '不及格' in an early round, you are '淘汰.' In summary, while '不及格' is your go-to word for failing a school test, remember that '挂科' is for the university vibe, '没过' is for daily conversation, '不合格' is for quality and physical standards, and '落榜' is for major life-changing exams.

由于零件不合格，整台机器都不能运转。
(Because the parts are substandard, the whole machine cannot operate.)

Summary Comparison

不及格: Academic scores (60/100).
挂科: University slang for failing a course.
没过: Casual 'didn't pass' for anything.
不合格: Products, materials, or physical standards.
失败: General failure of plans, goals, or life.

他在高考中不幸落榜，心情非常低落。
(He unfortunately failed the college entrance exam, and his mood is very low.)

这份报告写得太差了，完全不合格。
(This report is written so poorly; it's completely substandard.)

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

In ancient China, '格' was used in the 'Keju' exams to describe the rigid formatting of the 'Eight-Legged Essay.' If you didn't follow the grid, you failed.

발음 가이드

UK /buː dʒiː ɡɤ/

US /buː dʒiː ɡɤ/

The primary stress is on the 'ji' and 'ge' as they carry the core meaning of the standard being reached.

라임이 맞는 단어

及格 (jí gé) 合格 (hé gé) 表格 (biǎo gé) 性格 (xìng gé) 规格 (guī gé) 格格 (gé gé) 骨骼 (gǔ gé) 严格 (yán gé)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing 'bu' as a first tone instead of a fourth tone.
Confusing the 'j' in 'ji' with a 'zh' sound.
Pronouncing 'ge' like 'gee' instead of 'guh'.
Failing to change 'bu' to a second tone when followed by another fourth tone (though 'ji' is second, so this rule doesn't apply here).
Making 'ge' a neutral tone when it should be second tone.

난이도

독해 2/5

The characters are relatively simple and common in school contexts.

쓰기 3/5

Writing '及' and '格' requires some practice for stroke order.

말하기 2/5

The pronunciation is straightforward, but tones must be accurate.

듣기 2/5

Easily recognizable in academic and daily life conversations.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

不 (not) 及 (to reach) 考试 (exam) 分数 (score) 学习 (study)

다음에 배울 것

合格 (qualified) 通过 (pass) 失败 (fail/defeat) 补考 (make-up exam) 成绩 (grade)

고급

淘汰 (eliminate) 落榜 (fail entrance exam) 名落孙山 (idiom for failing) 肄业 (to leave school without a degree)

알아야 할 문법

Verb-Object compounds as adjectives

不及格的成绩 (A failing grade)

Topic-Comment structure

这次考试他不及格。 (As for this exam, he failed.)

Conditional '如果...就...'

如果你不及格，就得重修。 (If you fail, you must retake it.)

Degree adverbs with '差一点'

我差一点就不及格了。 (I almost failed.)

Causal '因为...所以...'

因为他没看书，所以不及格。 (Because he didn't read, he failed.)

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수준별 예문

我不及格。

I failed.

Subject + 不及格. Simple statement.

他不及格了。

He failed.

The '了' indicates a change of state or a result.

你及格了吗？我不及格。

Did you pass? I failed.

Question and answer using the positive and negative forms.

这次考试我不及格。

I failed this exam.

Topic (这次考试) + Subject (我) + 不及格.

老师，我为什么不及格？

Teacher, why did I fail?

Asking for a reason using '为什么'.

他数学不及格。

He failed math.

Subject + Specific Topic + 不及格.

不及格很不好。

Failing is very bad.

Using '不及格' as a noun phrase/subject.

别担心，下次不要不及格。

Don't worry, don't fail next time.

Imperative sentence using '不要'.

如果我不及格，妈妈会生气的。

If I fail, Mom will be angry.

Conditional '如果...就/会...' structure.

他的英语成绩不及格。

His English grade is failing.

Possessive '...的成绩' + 不及格.

全班有三个人不及格。

Three people in the class failed.

Existential '有' structure.

我差一点就不及格了。

I almost failed.

'差一点就...' means 'almost'.

他因为没复习而不及格。

He failed because he didn't review.

Cause and effect using '因为'.

不及格的学生需要补考。

Students who failed need a make-up test.

'不及格的' modifying the noun '学生'.

虽然他很努力，但还是不及格了。

Although he worked hard, he still failed.

Concessive '虽然...但是/还是...' structure.

这次考试的及格分数是六十，我不及格。

The passing score for this exam is 60; I failed.

Defining the standard before stating the failure.

要是你这次再不及格，你就不能参加校队了。

If you fail again this time, you won't be able to join the school team.

Conditional '要是...就...' with the adverb '再' (again).

由于卷子太难，不及格率高达百分之四十。

Because the paper was too difficult, the failure rate was as high as 40%.

Using the noun '不及格率' (failure rate).

老师正在统计不及格的人数。

The teacher is counting the number of people who failed.

Continuous action '正在' with '不及格' as a modifier.

我不及格是因为我那天生病了。

My failure was because I was sick that day.

Explaining the reason for the failure.

他竟然不及格，这让大家都很意外。

He actually failed, which surprised everyone.

Using '竟然' to express surprise.

只有两门功课不及格的同学可以参加补考。

Only students who failed two subjects can take make-up tests.

Relative clause '...的同学' modifying '同学'.

为了不让父母失望，他必须保证考试及格，绝不能不及格。

In order not to disappoint his parents, he must ensure he passes and absolutely cannot fail.

Purpose '为了...' and emphasis '绝不能'.

他在大学里挂科了，这比中学时不及格更严重。

He failed a course in college, which is more serious than failing in middle school.

Comparison between '挂科' and '不及格'.

作为一名翻译，如果连基本的语法都弄错，那就是不及格的。

As a translator, if you even get basic grammar wrong, that is failing.

Metaphorical usage of '不及格' to describe professional quality.

这次产品的质量检测不及格，必须全部返工。

The quality inspection for this product failed; everything must be reworked.

Using '不及格' for a formal inspection result.

虽然他的分数及格了，但在老师眼里，他的表现仍然是不及格的。

Although his score passed, in the teacher's eyes, his performance was still failing.

Contrasting numerical pass with behavioral failure.

由于他连续三年不及格，学校最终决定劝其退学。

Because he failed for three consecutive years, the school finally decided to advise him to withdraw.

Formal language '劝其退学' (advise to withdraw).

这种不及格的处事方式，只会让你失去更多的朋友。

This failing way of handling things will only make you lose more friends.

Metaphorical usage describing social skills.

该地区的教育水平普遍偏低，考试不及格率一直居高不下。

The education level in this area is generally low, and the exam failure rate has remained high.

Formal academic/sociological description.

他这次考试差一分就不及格，真是惊险万分。

He was just one point away from failing this exam; it was incredibly thrilling/scary.

Describing a narrow escape from failure.

如果不及时纠正错误，你的职业生涯可能会面临不及格的窘境。

If you don't correct your mistakes in time, your career might face a failing predicament.

Using '不及格' to describe a life situation.

这种教育制度如果只以分数论成败，那它本身就是不及格的。

If this education system only judges success or failure by scores, then the system itself is failing.

Critique of a system using '不及格'.

在这次突发事件的处理中，相关部门的表现显然是不及格的。

In the handling of this emergency, the performance of the relevant departments was clearly failing.

Official critique of performance.

他对自己要求极高，哪怕是一次小测验不及格，他也会自责很久。

He has extremely high standards for himself; even if he fails a small quiz, he will blame himself for a long time.

Using '哪怕...也...' to show extreme cases.

不及格的分数只是暂时的，关键在于你是否能从中吸取教训。

A failing score is only temporary; the key is whether you can learn from it.

Philosophical perspective on failure.

该报告指出，目前我国青少年的体质监测不及格率呈现上升趋势。

The report points out that the failure rate of physical fitness monitoring among teenagers in our country is currently showing an upward trend.

Formal reporting style.

如果一个作家不能引起读者的共鸣，那么他的作品在某种意义上是不及格的。

If a writer cannot resonate with readers, then in a sense, his work is failing.

Literary criticism.

他因一门核心课程不及格而失去了保送研究生的资格。

He lost his qualification for recommended admission to graduate school because he failed a core course.

Describing serious academic consequences.

在道德的考场上，他因为一时的贪念而交出了一份不及格的答卷。

In the examination room of morality, he handed in a failing answer sheet due to a momentary greed.

Sophisticated metaphor about morality.

当权力的行使脱离了法律的轨道，其结果必然是治理能力的整体不及格。

When the exercise of power deviates from the track of the law, the result is inevitably an overall failure of governance capacity.

High-level political/legal discourse.

这部电影在叙事逻辑上漏洞百出，作为商业片尚且不及格，遑论艺术价值。

This movie is full of holes in narrative logic; it's failing even as a commercial film, let alone its artistic value.

Sophisticated film criticism using '遑论' (let alone).

在那个唯分数论的时代，‘不及格’三个字仿佛是刻在学生额头上的耻辱印记。

In that era where only scores mattered, the three characters 'bù jí gé' were like a mark of shame engraved on students' foreheads.

Descriptive historical/cultural narrative.

如果科技的发展以牺牲环境为代价，那么这种进步在人类文明史上是不及格的。

If technological development comes at the expense of the environment, then this progress is a failure in the history of human civilization.

Philosophical/environmental critique.

他在自传中坦言，自己在事业鼎盛时期，对家庭的照顾完全是不及格的。

He admitted in his autobiography that during the peak of his career, his care for his family was a complete failure.

Reflective personal narrative.

该政策在执行过程中因缺乏监管而导致效果不及格，引发了广泛的社会质疑。

The policy's effect was a failure due to a lack of supervision during implementation, sparking widespread social doubt.

Formal socio-political analysis.

这种在学术研究中投机取巧的行为，是对学术精神的一次彻底的不及格宣判。

This behavior of taking shortcuts in academic research is a complete verdict of failure for the academic spirit.

Strong moral/academic condemnation.

即便在最严苛的审美尺度下，这件艺术品也因缺乏灵魂而显得不及格。

Even under the most stringent aesthetic standards, this artwork appears failing due to its lack of soul.

Aesthetic criticism.

자주 쓰는 조합

考试不及格

不及格率

成绩不及格

分数不及格

面临不及格

惨遭不及格

体能不及格

视力不及格

多门不及格

差一点不及格

자주 쓰는 구문

及格线

— The passing line or threshold. It refers to the minimum score needed to pass.

及格线定在六十分。

补考

— A make-up exam taken after failing the first time.

不及格的人下周参加补考。

重修

— Retaking a course after failing it.

如果不及格，你明年必须重修。

留级

— To fail a whole grade and have to repeat the year.

他因为多门不及格而留级了。

劝退

— To advise a student to withdraw from school due to academic failure.

连续不及格会被学校劝退。

成绩单

— The report card where '不及格' is written.

他在成绩单上看到了不及格。

及格万岁

— A humorous saying implying that just passing is enough.

对他来说，及格万岁，不需要高分。

红灯

— Metaphor for failing (like a red light on a dashboard).

他的成绩单亮红灯了。

亮红灯

— To show a failing mark (often marked in red ink).

他的数学成绩亮红灯了。

低分

— A low score, often leading to being 不及格.

他考了一个很低的分数，不及格。

자주 혼동되는 단어

不及格 vs 失败 (shībài)

Failing a goal or life attempt vs. failing a score-based test.

不及格 vs 不合格 (bù hégé)

Substandard products vs. failing a person's exam score.

不及格 vs 没过 (méi guò)

Spoken 'didn't pass' vs. formal 'failing grade'.

관용어 및 표현

"名落孙山"

— To fail an examination. It comes from a story about a man named Sun Shan who was last on the list.

他这次高考不幸名落孙山。

literary

"一败涂地"

— To suffer a crushing defeat; a total failure.

他在那次商业竞争中一败涂地。

idiomatic

"差强人意"

— Just barely acceptable (often misused to mean 'not good enough').

他的表现只能说是差强人意。

formal

"功亏一篑"

— To fail when very close to completion; to fall short by a single basket of earth.

由于最后一步错了，他功亏一篑。

literary

"半途而废"

— To give up halfway; to fail because of lack of persistence.

学习不能半途而废。

common

"名落榜后"

— One's name is not on the list of successful candidates.

他名落榜后，决定明年再考。

formal

"无功而返"

— To return without success.

他这次出差无功而返。

literary

"碌碌无为"

— To be mediocre and achieve nothing (a failing life).

他不甘心一辈子碌碌无为。

literary

"差之毫厘，谬以千里"

— A tiny mistake leads to a huge failure (relevant to '不及格' by one point).

计算要非常精确，否则差之毫厘，谬以千里。

literary

"望洋兴叹"

— To feel powerless and fail to achieve something difficult.

面对这么难的题目，他只能望洋兴叹。

literary

혼동하기 쉬운

不及格 vs 合格

Opposite of 不合格, often used in similar contexts.

合格 means meeting a standard (usually binary pass/fail for products), while 及格 is for reaching a passing score in an exam.

产品合格，但我的成绩不及格。

不及格 vs 落榜

Both mean failing an exam.

落榜 is specifically for high-stakes entrance exams (Gaokao) and has a literary tone.

他虽然及格了，但因为分数不够高而落榜了。

不及格 vs 挂科

Both used for academic failure.

挂科 is college slang; 不及格 is the official term for any level.

我不及格了，这意味着我挂科了。

不及格 vs 失败

General word for fail.

失败 is much broader (failed project, failed life); 不及格 is narrow (failed test).

虽然考试不及格，但我的人生并不失败。

不及格 vs 淘汰

Related to failure in competition.

淘汰 means being eliminated/washed out; 不不及格 is the reason why one might be 淘汰.

因为体能不及格，他被淘汰了。

문장 패턴

S + 不及格

我不及格。

S + [Subject] + 不及格

他数学不及格。

如果...就不及格

如果不努力就会不及格。

不及格的 + N

不及格的学生要补考。

不及格率 + [Degree]

不及格率很高。

差一点 + 不及格

他差一点就不及格了。

作为...是不及格的

作为一个领导，他是不及格的。

面临...不及格的窘境

他面临着考核不及格的窘境。

어휘 가족

명사

不及格率 (failure rate)

及格线 (passing mark)

동사

及格 (to pass)

不及格 (to fail)

형용사

不及格的 (failing)

及格的 (passing)

사용법

frequency

Very high in educational and parent-child contexts.

자주 하는 실수

Using '不及格' for failing a business. → 失败 (shībài)
不及格 is for standards and scores. Business failure is an outcome.
Saying '我不及格了考试' (I failed the exam). → 我考试不及格。
不及格 is an intransitive state. The exam is the topic.
Using '不及格' for a broken machine. → 不合格 (bù hégé)
Machines don't take tests; they meet quality standards.
Inserting '了' inside the word: '不及了格'. → 不及格了。
不及格 is a fixed compound in modern Chinese; don't split it.
Using '不及格' for failing to catch a bus. → 没赶上 (méi gǎn shàng)
This is a physical action, not a score-based failure.

팁

Topic-Comment Structure

Always place the subject of the exam before the word '不及格'. For example: '数学不及格' (Math failed).

The 60-Point Rule

Understand that in China, 60 is the magic number. 59 is a tragedy, 60 is a victory.

Use 挂科 with Peers

If you are a student, use '挂科' (guà kē) to sound more like a native when talking to friends.

Stroke Order of 及

The character '及' is only 3 strokes. Make sure you get the order right:撇 (piě), 横折折撇 (héng zhé zhé piě), 捺 (nà).

Distinguish from 不合格

Use '不合格' for things (milk, cars, parts) and '不及格' for people's scores.

Listen for '了'

When you hear '不及格了', it often implies a recent event or the announcement of results.

Tone Accuracy

The 4-2-2 tone pattern (bù jí gé) is rhythmic. Practice it to avoid sounding flat.

Use in Statistics

Learn '不及格率' (failure rate) for discussing school or national data.

Empathy

When someone says they are '不及格', it's polite to offer encouragement like '下次努力' (Work hard next time).

Expanded Usage

Once you master the academic use, try using it to describe a bad movie or a poor performance.

암기하기

기억법

Think of a 'Grid' (格) that you need to 'Jump' (及) over. If you 'Don't' (不) make it, you are '不及格'.

시각적 연상

Imagine a red line on a graph. The student is standing below the line, unable to reach up and touch it.

Word Web

考试分数及格不及格补考重修成绩单老师

챌린지

Try to write a diary entry about a time you were afraid of being '不及格' and what you did to pass.

어원

The phrase is a modern construction using classical components. '不' is the ancient negation. '及' (jí) depicts a person reaching out to catch someone in front, meaning 'to reach.' '格' (gé) originally meant the long branch of a tree, later evolving to mean a frame, a grid, or a standard.

원래 의미: Not reaching the required grid or standard.

Sino-Tibetan

문화적 맥락

Be careful when discussing '不及格' with Chinese students, as it can be a sensitive topic related to academic trauma or family pressure.

In English-speaking countries, failing is often seen as a 'learning opportunity.' In China, '不及格' is more often seen as a lack of effort or a serious problem to be fixed immediately.

The movie 'Better Days' (少年的你) depicts the intense pressure of exams. Common internet memes about '学渣' (bad students) often feature '不及格' papers. The saying '六十分万岁' (Long live 60 points).

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

School/University

期末考试不及格
补考及格
挂科
成绩单不及格

Parent-Teacher Meeting

孩子成绩不及格
需要努力
不及格的原因
进步空间

Physical Testing

体能测试不及格
达标
跑步不及格
重测

Professional Evaluation

年度考核不及格
绩效
返工
不合格

Driving School

科目一不及格
理论考试
没过
重考

대화 시작하기

"你听说这次数学考试有多少人不及格吗？"

"如果你考试不及格，你父母会怎么说？"

"你有没有过不及格的经历？你是怎么处理的？"

"你觉得及格线定在六十分合理吗？"

"在你们国家，不及格会有什么后果？"

일기 주제

写一写你最担心的考试，以及你为了不让它不及格做了哪些准备。

描述一次你（或你的朋友）不及格的经历，当时的心情是怎样的？

你认为分数真的能代表一个人的能力吗？即使考试不及格，一个人也能成功吗？

如果你的好朋友考试不及格了，你会如何安慰他？

论述一下‘不及格’在学习过程中的积极意义。

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Primary it is for tests and grades. However, it can be used metaphorically to describe a person's performance in a role, like being an '不及格' parent or leader.

In most schools and universities, the passing score is 60 out of 100. Anything below 60 is considered 不及格.

It's better to use '没通过' (méi tōngguò) or '没过' for interviews. '不及格' sounds like there was a written test with a score.

You can say '我驾照考试没过' or '我不及格了' (if referring to the written part). '没过' is more common for the driving part.

Yes, but '挂科' is informal slang used by university students. '不及格' is formal and used on report cards.

Yes, you can say '一个不及格' (one failing mark) or use it in compounds like '不及格率' (failure rate).

They usually have to take a '补考' (make-up exam) or '重修' (retake the course). In serious cases, they might '留级' (repeat the grade).

It's not rude, but it is a very negative and serious word in an academic context.

No, that's incorrect word order. Say '我考试不及格' or '我的考试不及格了'.

You say '差一点就不及格' (chà yīdiǎn jiù bù jí gé).

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