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What is the best diet for humans? | Eran Segal | TEDxRuppin
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Translator: Rhonda Jacobs Reviewer: Leonardo Silva
This is me ten years ago.
I weighed 40 pounds more than today,
and like many people, I wanted to lose weight.
Like many people, I wanted to know what is the best diet for humans.
Many of us actually have an opinion about this question.
Some believe that a low fat, plant-based diet is the best.
Others, that a low-carb diet,
rich in protein and animal fat, is the best.
Others have opinions on how much sugar we should eat,
or how much salt, cholesterol, saturated fat, eggs or dairy products
we should have in our diet.
But the question of what the best diet is,
is a scientific one,
so there should be no room for opinions or beliefs.
If Diet A is really better than Diet B,
then a study that compares the two on enough people
should show that definitively.
No opinions, no beliefs, just hard data, right?
What is also clear is that if the best diet does exist,
then we haven't yet found it
because the incidence of diet-related disease
has increased dramatically in the past several decades.
Now, you might think it's because people don't listen to what we tell them.
But in fact, that's not true,
people actually generally do follow dietary guidelines.
But according to the Center for Disease Control,
if you live in the United States,
there's over a 70 percent chance that you're either overweight, diabetic
or have non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease.
And there's overwhelming evidence that diet and lifestyle
are major drivers of these conditions.
So why is it that after so much research,
we still don't have an answer to the seemingly simple question
of what is the best diet for humans?
What I'd like to propose to you today is that the reason we don't have an answer
is because we've been asking the wrong question.
And it's the wrong question because it assumes
that the best diet depends only on the food
and not on the person eating it.
But what if differences in our genetics, lifestyle, our gut bacteria
cause us to respond differently to food?
What if these differences explain why some diets work for some people
but not for others?
What if our nutrition needs to be personally tailored to our unique make-up?
This is exactly the question we set out to ask in our own research,
which I did with my colleague Eran Elinav
and several graduate students from the Weizmann Institute of Science.
To take a scientific approach,
we first searched for a metric of healthy nutrition that we should study.
Most studies examine weight loss or risk of heart disease after some diet.
But the problem is that these are affected by many factors unrelated to diet,
they take many weeks to change,
and in the end, you get a single measure of success.
And if it didn't work, well then it's very hard to understand why.
And so instead, we searched for a metric
that would still be relevant for weight management
and diet-related disease,
but one that we could also easily and accurately measure across many people.
And this led us to focus on blood glucose levels,
and more precisely, changes in blood glucose levels after a meal.
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