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A1 noun 8分で読める

метро

An underground railway system

At the A1 level, the word 'метро' is one of the most essential nouns for survival in Sofia. You need it to ask for directions and talk about your daily routine. It is a simple neuter noun. You should learn it alongside the preposition 'с' (by/with) and basic verbs like 'отивам' (to go) and 'пътувам' (to travel). At this stage, focus on the fact that it ends in '-o' and its definite form is 'метрото'. You will use it to say things like 'I go to the center by metro' or 'The metro is here'. It is a 'friendly' word because it sounds almost exactly like the English 'metro', making it easy to remember. However, pay attention to the pronunciation; the stress is on the last syllable. This is the level where you learn to recognize the 'M' sign on the streets of Sofia and connect it to this word.
At the A2 level, you start to use 'метро' in more descriptive sentences. You will learn to use adjectives with it, remembering that they must be in the neuter form (e.g., 'бързо метро', 'ново метро'). You also start to use the word in the context of time and location. You might say 'The metro arrives in 5 minutes' or 'The station is near the park'. You'll also learn the word 'станция' (station) and how to combine it: 'станция на метрото'. This level involves more practical interactions, such as asking if a specific line goes to the airport or a certain neighborhood. You are moving beyond just naming the transport to describing its qualities and your relationship with it as a commuter.
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By B1, you can discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the metro compared to other forms of transport. You might say, 'I prefer the metro because it avoids traffic jams' (Предпочитам метрото, защото избягва задръстванията). You'll use the word in conditional sentences: 'If I take the metro, I will be there on time'. You also start to encounter more specialized vocabulary related to the metro, such as 'ескалатор' (escalator), 'перон' (platform), and 'линия' (line). Your sentences become longer and you can explain your route in detail, including where you need to 'прекачвам се' (to transfer/change lines). You understand the social context of the metro as a hub for urban activity.
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At the B2 level, 'метро' appears in discussions about urban development and environmental issues. You might talk about how the 'метро' reduces carbon emissions in the city or how the expansion of the third line has affected the housing market in certain districts. You can understand more complex announcements and news reports about technical maintenance or strikes. You are comfortable using the word in formal contexts, such as writing a complaint about a service delay or discussing infrastructure projects in a business meeting. You understand the nuances of 'градска мобилност' (urban mobility) and how the metro fits into the broader transport strategy of the capital.
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At C1, you use 'метро' as a starting point for deep cultural or sociological observations. You might analyze the 'метро' as a 'non-place' (according to Marc Augé) or discuss the architectural heritage of the older stations compared to the new ones. You can use the word in idiomatic or metaphorical ways if they arise, though 'метро' remains largely literal. You are capable of debating the financing of the metro system, the integration of archaeological finds within the Serdika station, and the socio-economic divide between neighborhoods connected or not connected to the grid. Your vocabulary is rich enough to describe the 'vibe' of the metro at different times of the day—from the frantic morning rush to the desolate late-night atmosphere.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'метро' is absolute. You can write technical essays on the engineering challenges of building a metro through Sofia's high water table and ancient ruins. You understand the historical evolution of the word from its French origins to its current status in Bulgarian. You can follow rapid-fire debates about the 'Metropolitan' (the company managing the system) and understand subtle political jokes or satires involving the metro. You can use the word in literary contexts, perhaps describing the rhythmic sound of the wheels or the play of light in the tunnels with poetic precision. The word is no longer just a label for a train; it is a complex symbol of urbanity, history, and the pulse of the city.
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例文

метро 30秒で

  • Метро is the Bulgarian word for subway or underground transit.
  • It is a neuter noun, definite form 'метрото'.
  • In Bulgaria, it only exists in the capital city, Sofia.
  • It is known for being fast, clean, and very reliable.

The Bulgarian word метро refers specifically to an underground rapid transit system. In the context of Bulgaria, this almost exclusively refers to the Sofia Metro (Софийското метро), as Sofia is currently the only city in the country equipped with such an infrastructure. The word is a neuter noun, following the standard Bulgarian pattern for words ending in '-o'. It is a cornerstone of urban life in the capital, representing modernity, efficiency, and the primary artery of public transportation. For an English speaker, the transition to using this word is relatively seamless as it is a cognate, but its cultural weight in Bulgaria is significant because the system is relatively new compared to London or New York, having opened its first stations only in 1998.

Daily Commute
Bulgarians use this word most frequently when discussing their daily routes to work or school. It is the 'reliable' alternative to the often-congested surface traffic of buses and trolleybuses.

„Отивам на работа с метро, защото е по-бързо.“ (I go to work by metro because it is faster.)

Meeting Points
Metro stations serve as primary landmarks. People often say 'Let's meet at the metro' (Да се чакаме на метрото), referring to the entrance of a specific station.

„Чакам те пред входа на метрото.“ (I am waiting for you in front of the metro entrance.)

Beyond simple transportation, the term encompasses the entire experience of the underground. This includes the distinct architectural styles of the stations—ranging from the Soviet-influenced older stations on Line 1 to the ultra-modern, glass-heavy designs of Line 3. When people talk about 'метрото', they might be discussing the 'Sofia City Card' system, the cleanliness of the trains, or the impressive archaeological displays found at the Serdika station (Сердика), where ancient Roman ruins are integrated into the metro complex. This integration of history and modern transit makes the word 'метро' carry a sense of national pride for many Sofia residents.

„Новото метро е много тихо и удобно.“ (The new metro is very quiet and comfortable.)

Infrastructure Discussion
In political and urban planning contexts, 'метро' is used to discuss the expansion of the city and the increase in property values near new stations.

„Цените на имотите близо до метрото се увеличиха.“ (Property prices near the metro increased.)

„В метрото има безплатен интернет.“ (There is free internet in the metro.)

Using 'метро' correctly involves understanding its grammatical gender and how it interacts with Bulgarian's definite articles and prepositions. As a neuter noun, its definite form is метрото. Unlike many other Bulgarian nouns, 'метро' is often used in its indefinite form when speaking about the mode of transport generally, but switches to the definite form when referring to the specific system or a specific station nearby.

Directional Usage
When you are heading towards the metro, you use the preposition 'към'.

„Вървя към метрото.“ (I am walking towards the metro.)

One of the most common sentence patterns involves the verb 'пътувам' (to travel). Because 'метро' is a means of transport, it almost always takes the preposition 'с'. This is a rule that applies to almost all vehicles in Bulgarian (с автобус, с влак, с такси). If you want to specify that you are inside the train or the station, you use 'в'.

„Пътувам с метро всеки ден.“ (I travel by metro every day.)

„В момента съм в метрото.“ (At the moment I am in the metro.)

Station Specifics
When referring to a station, the word 'станция' is often paired with 'на метрото' (of the metro).

„Коя е следващата станция на метрото?“ (Which is the next metro station?)

In more complex sentences, you might use 'метро' to describe urban logistics. For instance, discussing the proximity of a hotel or an office to the transit system. Here, the word acts as a focal point for convenience.

„Хотелът е само на пет минути от метрото.“ (The hotel is only five minutes from the metro.)

Ticketing and Access
Verbs like 'чекирам' (to check in/validate) or 'купувам' (to buy) are frequently used with 'билет за метрото'.

„Трябва да си купя билет за метрото.“ (I need to buy a ticket for the metro.)

„Има ли метро до летището?“ (Is there a metro to the airport?)

If you spend any time in Sofia, you will hear 'метро' dozens of times a day. It is ubiquitous in public announcements, news reports, and casual street talk. The most iconic place to hear it is through the automated voice announcements inside the trains. The phrase 'Следваща станция...' (Next station...) is followed by a name, but the general context is always the 'метро' environment.

Public Announcements
Inside the stations, you will hear safety warnings or information about train arrivals. 'Внимание, влакът за... пристига на първи коловоз' (Attention, the train for... is arriving on track one).

„В метрото се съобщава всяка спирка.“ (In the metro, every stop is announced.)

In social circles, 'метрото' is the default answer to 'How are you getting there?' (Как ще стигнеш?). Because Sofia's traffic can be unpredictable, the metro is the 'socially responsible' way to ensure you aren't late for a meeting or a date. You'll hear teenagers planning their hangouts around 'НДК' (National Palace of Culture) metro station or 'The Malls' connected to the system.

„Хвани метрото и слез на СУ.“ (Take the metro and get off at SU - Sofia University.)

News and Media
Bulgarian television frequently reports on 'разширението на метрото' (the expansion of the metro), especially when a new line or station is being inaugurated by the mayor.

„Новините казаха, че метрото ще работи до по-късно.“ (The news said that the metro will work until later.)

„Софийското метро е много чисто.“ (The Sofia metro is very clean.)

„Има ли карта на метрото тук?“ (Is there a map of the metro here?)

While 'метро' seems straightforward, English speakers often stumble on gender agreement and confusion with similar-sounding words. In Bulgarian, 'метро' is neuter, which dictates how adjectives and articles behave. A common mistake is treating it as masculine because it describes a 'train system' (влак is masculine).

Gender Mismatch
Incorrect: 'бърз метро' (masculine adjective). Correct: 'бързо метро' (neuter adjective).

„Това е много бързо метро.“ (This is a very fast metro.)

Another frequent error is confusing 'метро' (the transport) with 'метър' (the unit of measurement, meter). While they share the same root, they are used differently. 'Метър' is masculine, and its plural is 'метри'. Mixing these up can lead to confusing sentences like 'I traveled by meter' instead of 'I traveled by metro'.

„Не казваме 'пътувам с метър', а 'пътувам с метро'.“ (We don't say 'I travel by meter', but 'I travel by metro'.)

The Definite Article
Learners often forget to add '-то' when referring to the specific metro system they are currently using. 'Отивам в метро' sounds like you are going into a generic underground concept, whereas 'Отивам в метрото' means you are heading into the station.

„Внимавай за стреса: казва се мет-РО́, а не МЕ́Т-ро.“ (Watch the stress: it's pronounced met-RO, not MET-ro.)

„Метрото е чисто, не 'метро е чисто'.“ (The metro is clean, not 'metro is clean'.)

While 'метро' is the specific term for the underground, Bulgarian has several other words for public transport that learners should distinguish. Understanding these nuances helps in navigating the city more effectively and sounding more like a native speaker.

Метро vs. Влак
'Влак' refers to a standard intercity train (BDZ). While a metro train is technically a train, Bulgarians never call the metro a 'влак' unless they are referring to the physical vehicle itself (e.g., 'The train is coming'). For the system, it's always 'метро'.
Метро vs. Подземен транспорт
'Подземен транспорт' is a formal, technical term meaning 'underground transport'. You'll see this in official documents or news reports, but never in casual conversation.

„Метрото е вид подземен транспорт.“ (The metro is a type of underground transport.)

Other surface-level alternatives include 'трамвай' (tram), 'тролей' (trolleybus), and 'автобус' (bus). In Sofia, these are often seen as 'the slow way' compared to the 'метро'. If someone says 'I'll take the tram', they are usually traveling a shorter distance within the center where the metro doesn't have a station yet.

„Предпочитам метрото пред трамвая.“ (I prefer the metro over the tram.)

„Няма друго метро в България освен в София.“ (There is no other metro in Bulgaria except in Sofia.)

„Метрото е най-сигурният транспорт.“ (The metro is the most secure transport.)

発音ガイド

UK /mɛˈtrɔ/
US /mɛˈtroʊ/
The stress is on the second syllable (the 'o').
韻が合う語
перо (feather) хоро (traditional dance) сребро (silver) добро (good) ведро (cheerful) бедро (thigh) ребро (rib) остро (sharply)
よくある間違い
  • Stressing the first syllable (ME-tro).
  • Pronouncing the 'r' as an English 'r' instead of a flap or trill.
  • Making the 'e' too long like 'mee-tro'.
  • Not pronouncing the final 'o' clearly.
  • Confusing the pronunciation with 'meter' (met-ar).
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レベル別の例文

1

Аз пътувам с метро.

I travel by metro.

Uses 'с' for mode of transport.

2

Къде е метрото?

Where is the metro?

Definite form 'метрото'.

3

Това е ново метро.

This is a new metro.

Neuter adjective 'ново' agrees with 'метро'.

4

Метрото е бързо.

The metro is fast.

Simple subject-verb-adjective.

5

Отивам на метро.

I am going to the metro.

Preposition 'на' for direction/destination.

6

Билет за метро.

A ticket for the metro.

Preposition 'за' indicates purpose.

7

Метрото е тук.

The metro is here.

Adverb of place 'тук'.

8

Спирка на метрото.

A metro stop/station.

Genitive-like construction with 'на'.

1

Метрото в София е много чисто.

The metro in Sofia is very clean.

Locative phrase 'в София'.

2

Коя линия на метрото трябва да хвана?

Which metro line should I catch?

Interrogative 'коя' agrees with 'линия'.

3

Метрото работи до полунощ.

The metro works until midnight.

Preposition 'до' for time limit.

4

Има ли метро до летището?

Is there a metro to the airport?

Directional 'до'.

5

Слизам на следващата станция на метрото.

I am getting off at the next metro station.

Verb 'слизам' (to get off/descend).

6

В метрото е хладно през лятото.

It is cool in the metro during the summer.

Impersonal construction.

7

Трябва ми карта за метрото.

I need a card for the metro.

Dative-like 'трябва ми'.

8

Метрото е по-евтино от такси.

The metro is cheaper than a taxi.

Comparative 'по-евтино'.

1

Ако използваш метрото, ще спестиш време.

If you use the metro, you will save time.

First conditional sentence.

2

Метрото е най-удобният начин за придвижване.

The metro is the most convenient way to get around.

Superlative 'най-удобният'.

3

В метрото винаги има много хора сутрин.

There are always many people in the metro in the morning.

Adverb of frequency 'винаги'.

4

Можеш да се прекачиш на другата линия на метрото тук.

You can transfer to the other metro line here.

Reflexive verb 'прекачиш се'.

5

Метрото е разположено дълбоко под земята.

The metro is located deep underground.

Passive participle 'разположено'.

6

Пътуването с метро е екологично.

Traveling by metro is eco-friendly.

Gerund-like noun 'пътуването'.

7

Внимавай, когато влизаш в метрото.

Be careful when you enter the metro.

Imperative 'внимавай'.

8

Метрото свързва различните квартали на града.

The metro connects the different neighborhoods of the city.

Third person singular verb 'свързва'.

1

Разширението на метрото подобри трафика в София.

The expansion of the metro improved traffic in Sofia.

Abstract noun 'разширението'.

2

Метрото е основен компонент на градската инфраструктура.

The metro is a key component of the urban infrastructure.

Formal vocabulary.

3

Пътниците в метрото трябва да спазват правилата.

Passengers in the metro must follow the rules.

Modal verb 'трябва'.

4

Метрото е проектирано да издържа на земетресения.

The metro is designed to withstand earthquakes.

Infinitive-like construction 'да издържа'.

5

Много хора предпочитат метрото пред личните си автомобили.

Many people prefer the metro over their personal cars.

Contrastive 'пред'.

6

Метрото предлага безплатен достъп до интернет за пътниците.

The metro offers free internet access for passengers.

Transitive verb 'предлага'.

7

Инвестициите в метрото са от решаващо значение за града.

Investments in the metro are of crucial importance for the city.

Plural noun 'инвестициите'.

8

Метрото в София е едно от най-модерните в Европа.

The Sofia metro is one of the most modern in Europe.

Comparative phrase.

1

Метрото служи като социално пространство за хиляди граждани.

The metro serves as a social space for thousands of citizens.

Metaphorical usage.

2

Ефективността на метрото зависи от честотата на влаковете.

The efficiency of the metro depends on the frequency of the trains.

Noun 'ефективността'.

3

Метрото интегрира археологически находки в своя дизайн.

The metro integrates archaeological finds into its design.

Complex verb 'интегрира'.

4

Шумът в метрото може да бъде доста натоварващ.

The noise in the metro can be quite taxing.

Adjective 'натоварващ'.

5

Метрото е жизненоважно за икономическото развитие на столицата.

The metro is vital for the economic development of the capital.

Compound adjective 'жизненоважно'.

6

В метрото често се провеждат културни събития и изложби.

Cultural events and exhibitions are often held in the metro.

Passive reflexive 'се провеждат'.

7

Метрото преобразява градската среда и начина на живот.

The metro transforms the urban environment and lifestyle.

Present tense 'преобразява'.

8

Сигурността в метрото е гарантирана от постоянно видеонаблюдение.

Security in the metro is guaranteed by constant video surveillance.

Past passive participle 'гарантирана'.

1

Метрото е сложна система от взаимно свързани тунели и станции.

The metro is a complex system of interconnected tunnels and stations.

Technical description.

2

Архитектурният облик на метрото отразява различни епохи.

The architectural appearance of the metro reflects different eras.

Abstract concept 'облик'.

3

Метрото е обект на постоянен дебат относно неговото финансиране.

The metro is the subject of constant debate regarding its funding.

Formal phrase 'обект на дебат'.

4

Влиянието на метрото върху околната среда е предимно позитивно.

The influence of the metro on the environment is predominantly positive.

Adverb 'предимно'.

5

Метрото се е превърнало в символ на технологичния прогрес на страната.

The metro has become a symbol of the country's technological progress.

Perfect tense 'се е превърнало'.

6

Психологическото въздействие на пътуването под земята в метрото е проучено.

The psychological impact of traveling underground in the metro has been studied.

Complex noun phrase.

7

Метрото изисква прецизна поддръжка и високи стандарти за безопасност.

The metro requires precise maintenance and high safety standards.

Abstract noun 'поддръжка'.

8

Градоустройственият план предвижда по-нататъшно разширение на метрото.

The urban plan envisages further expansion of the metro.

Technical term 'градоустройствен'.

よく使う組み合わせ

станция на метрото
линия на метрото
карта за метрото
вход на метрото
влак на метрото
билет за метрото
разширение на метрото
час пик в метрото
схема на метрото
изход от метрото

よく使うフレーズ

Слизам в метрото

Хващам метрото

Пътувам с метро

Близо до метрото

Последно метро

Първо метро

В метрото няма обхват

Метро станция

Директно с метрото

Връзка с метрото

慣用句と表現

"Животът е като метро"

Life has its ups and downs and moves fast.

Животът е като метро – винаги има следваща станция.

philosophical

"Бърз като метрото"

Very fast and efficient.

Той работи бърз като метрото.

informal

"Тъмно като в метрото"

Very dark (usually a joke about tunnel lighting).

В тази стая е тъмно като в метрото.

informal

"Чисто като в метрото"

Used to describe a very clean place, as Sofia's metro is famous for cleanliness.

Вкъщи е чисто като в метрото.

informal

"На една станция разстояние"

Very close by.

Ние сме на една станция разстояние.

neutral

"Гласът на метрото"

Referring to the famous automated announcements.

Тя има дикция като гласа на метрото.

informal

"Метро-турист"

Someone who gets lost in the metro or just rides it for fun.

Пак се загубих, станах метро-турист.

slang

"Да хванеш вълната на метрото"

To time your arrival perfectly with the train.

Днес хванах вълната на метрото.

informal

"Подземен човек"

Someone who uses the metro so much they rarely see the sun.

Станал си подземен човек с това метро.

humorous

"Метро-романтика"

The feeling of meeting someone or observing life in the subway.

Обичам метро-романтиката вечер.

informal

語族

名詞

形容詞

関連

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語源

Derived from the French word 'métro', which is a shortening of 'Chemin de fer métropolitain' (metropolitan railway).

元の意味： Metropolitan or belonging to the mother city.

Indo-European (via French/Greek).
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