B1 Gerunds & Infinitives 11 min read Medium

English Verbs Followed by Gerund (-ing)

Mastering verbs followed by gerunds makes your English sound truly natural.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Certain English verbs must be followed by an '-ing' form (the gerund) rather than an infinitive to sound natural.

  • Use -ing after verbs of preference like 'enjoy' or 'dislike' (e.g., I enjoy swimming).
  • Use -ing after verbs of completion or avoidance like 'finish' or 'avoid' (e.g., She finished eating).
  • Always use -ing after a preposition, even if it follows a verb (e.g., I'm thinking about going).
Subject + Verb (e.g., Enjoy) + Verb-ing 🏃‍♂️

Overview

Sometimes we use an -ing word after another word. Like 'I enjoy reading'. Here, reading is the name of the activity.

It is like a thing. I like books. I enjoy reading.

Some words need an -ing word. Other words need 'to'.

Use -ing for things you do often. Or things you like.

Use -ing after 'finish'. She finished writing. This sounds natural.

How This Grammar Works

The order is: Person + Word + -ing Word. It tells us what.
He avoids fights. He avoids talking. Talking is the thing he avoids.
An -ing word is not always 'doing now'. It can be a name.
Think about a plan. Think about moving. Moving is the idea.
Use -ing for real activities. I miss living in Spain. This was real.
Living is the whole experience. 'To live' is for the future. 'Living' is real.
Use -ing to talk about a topic. Use it with words like 'discuss'.
Example: Let's talk about fixing the kitchen.

Formation Pattern

1
Add -ing to a word. Use spelling rules to be correct.
2
Here are the rules for spelling.
3
For most words, just add -ing.
4
ask → asking
5
go → going
6
say → saying
7
If a word ends in 'e', remove it. Then add -ing.
8
live → living
9
take → taking
10
write → writing
11
If a word ends in 'ee', keep the 'e'. Like 'seeing'.
12
For some short words, double the last letter. Then add -ing.
13
stop → stopping
14
run → running
15
begin → beginning (the stress is on -gin)
16
Do not double letters for 'listen'. Or words ending in w, x, y.
17
If a word ends in 'ie', change it to 'y'. Then add -ing.
18
lie → lying
19
die → dying
20
tie → tying
21
Here is a list of spelling rules.
22
| Rule | First word | With -ing | Note |
23
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
24
| Add -ing | read | reading | Most words use this. |
25
| Drop silent -e | make | making | Do not drop e from see or agree. |
26
| Double final consonant (CVC) | plan | planning | Only when the last syllable is stressed. |
27
| Change ie to y | lie | lying | Only a few words do this. |

When To Use It

Do not just learn lists. Group words by meaning. Do not use 'to' after these words.
1. Words about feelings
These words show how you feel. Use them for things you like or hate.
  • Common Verbs: enjoy, dislike, detest, can't stand, don't mind, fancy (UK), appreciate
  • I enjoy walking in the rain.
  • She can't stand listening to his excuses.
  • Would you fancy getting a coffee with me later?
2. Words to start, stop, or keep doing
These words show when you act. Use an '-ing' word after them.
  • Common Verbs: finish, quit, give up, keep (on), carry on, stop
  • He quit smoking last year.
  • We need to finish preparing the slides before noon.
  • Please keep working while I take this call.
  • Note: Start, begin, and continue can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive with little to no change in meaning. However, stop has a significant meaning change (see Common Mistakes).
3. Words for thinking and talking
Use these when you think or talk about an action.
  • Common Verbs: consider, imagine, suggest, recommend, admit, deny, recall, mention, report, discuss
  • The board will discuss hiring a new CEO.
  • She admitted taking the money from the register.
  • Have you considered applying for the manager position?
4. Words for not doing or waiting
You decide not to do something now or later.
  • Common Verbs: avoid, postpone, put off, delay, resist
  • You should avoid eating heavy meals before sleeping.
  • They postponed making a final decision.
  • I couldn't resist buying the book.
5. After small words like 'in', 'on', or 'at'
This rule is important. After 'in' or 'at', use '-ing'. These words connect things.
The gerund acts as that noun.
  • I am interested in learning more. (in is a preposition)
  • Thank you for helping me. (for is a preposition)
  • She left without saying goodbye. (without is a preposition)
This works for short word groups too. Be careful with 'to'.
  • Common Expressions: look forward to, be used to, get used to, object to, insist on, succeed in, think about, apologise for.
  • We look forward to meeting you. (Here, to is a preposition, part of the phrase look forward to.)
  • He isn't used to working such long hours. (to is a preposition)
  • They insisted on paying for everything. (on is a preposition)

Common Mistakes

Find your mistakes to get better. Many students make these mistakes.
1. Using 'to' as a connecting word
Many think 'to' always needs a simple verb. Sometimes it needs '-ing'.
  • Incorrect: I am looking forward to see you.
  • Correct: I am looking forward to seeing you. (The phrase is look forward to, so to is a preposition requiring a gerund.)
  • Incorrect: She is used to wake up early.
  • Correct: She is used to waking up early. (The expression be used to means 'be accustomed to' and requires a gerund.)
2. Using 'to' when you need '-ing'
This is a common mistake. You must practice which words need '-ing'.
  • Incorrect: I enjoy to play tennis.
  • Correct: I enjoy playing tennis. (Enjoy always takes a gerund.)
  • Incorrect: He suggested to leave early.
  • Correct: He suggested leaving early. (Suggest always takes a gerund.)
3. Words that change meaning
Some words can use '-ing' or 'to'. The meaning changes a lot.
| Word | Use with -ing | Use with to + verb |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| stop | Finish an action. | Stop one thing to do something else. |
| | He stopped smoking. (He quit his smoking habit.) | He stopped to smoke. (He was walking, then stopped for the purpose of having a cigarette.) |
| remember | Recall a past memory. The action happened in the past. | Not forget to do a future task. The action has not happened yet. |
| | I remember meeting her. (I have a memory of meeting her in the past.) | Please remember to meet her. (Don't forget the plan to meet her.) |
| forget | You do not remember the past. | You did not do a task. |
| | I'll never forget seeing that sunset. (I will always have that memory.) | I forgot to see the doctor. (I failed to attend the appointment.) |
4. Using 'for' the wrong way
After small words, use '-ing'. Do not use 'for' with a simple verb.
  • Incorrect: This tool is for cut paper.
  • Correct: This tool is for cutting paper. (For is a preposition.)

Real Conversations

This grammar isn't just for textbooks. Native speakers use these patterns constantly in everyday life. Notice how natural and essential they are.

At the Office (Email)

- "Hi team, I suggest postponing the client meeting until we have the final data. Let's avoid presenting incomplete information."

Texting a Friend

- *A: "You still coming tonight?"

B

B

"Yeah but might be late. I just finished working out. Can't stand missing a gym day lol."*

Making Plans

- "Do you fancy grabbing dinner on Friday? I miss catching up with you properly."

Social Media Post

- "Finally gave up trying to keep my plants alive. I admit being a terrible plant parent."

Expressing a Complaint

- "Excuse me, but do you mind turning your music down? I'm trying to work here."

Quick FAQ

Q: How do you say 'no' with '-ing' words?

Simple. Place not directly before the gerund. The main verb remains the same.

  • She considered not accepting the job offer.
  • I appreciate not having to work on weekends.
Is it okay to use 'to' after 'like'?

No, like is flexible. I like swimming (gerund) expresses a general enjoyment of the activity. I like to swim (infinitive) can mean the same thing, or it can refer to a habit or preference about how or when you do something (e.g., On hot days, I like to swim in the ocean). At the B1 level, you can generally use them interchangeably without causing confusion.

How can I remember all these words? It is hard.

Don't try to memorize a single, giant list. Instead, learn them in semantic groups (like the ones in the "When To Use It" section). Pay special attention to the preposition rule—it's the most reliable pattern. Every time you see a phrase like insist on or apologise for, you know a gerund must follow.

Can I say: 'I suggest that you read this'?

Yes, that is also correct. Suggest can be followed by a gerund (suggest reviewing) or a that-clause (suggest that you review). The that-clause structure is slightly more formal. Both are grammatically correct and common.

Do words like 'my', 'his', or 'their' change things?

No, it just adds clarity about who is doing the action. The gerund is still required. This is a more advanced structure (B2/C1), but you may see it.

  • I appreciate your helping me.
  • Do you mind my asking a question?

Spelling Rules for the Gerund (-ing)

Rule Type Base Verb Gerund Form Notes
Standard
work
working
Just add -ing
Ends in -e
dance
dancing
Drop the 'e'
CVC (1 syllable)
run
running
Double the consonant
Ends in -ie
lie
lying
Change 'ie' to 'y'
Ends in -y
play
playing
Keep the 'y'
CVC (2 syllables, stressed)
begin
beginning
Double the consonant

Meanings

A gerund is the '-ing' form of a verb that functions as a noun. Certain 'trigger' verbs require the following action to be in this gerund form.

1

Expressing Likes and Dislikes

Used to describe activities you find pleasurable or unpleasant.

“I love hiking in the mountains.”

“He dislikes waiting in long lines.”

2

Completion and Continuity

Used to describe the status of an ongoing or finished action.

“Have you finished cleaning your room?”

“Please keep working on the report.”

3

Suggestions and Possibilities

Used when proposing an idea or imagining a scenario.

“I suggest taking the train.”

“Can you imagine living on Mars?”

Reference Table

Reference table for English Verbs Followed by Gerund (-ing)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Subject + Verb + Gerund
I enjoy cooking.
Negative
Subject + Verb + not + Gerund
I enjoy not working.
Negative Trigger
Subject + Auxiliary + not + Verb + Gerund
I don't enjoy cooking.
Question
Auxiliary + Subject + Verb + Gerund
Do you enjoy cooking?
Prepositional
Verb + Preposition + Gerund
I'm thinking about leaving.
Phrasal Verb
Phrasal Verb + Gerund
He gave up smoking.
Polite Request
Would you mind + Gerund
Would you mind helping?

Formality Spectrum

Formal
I suggest convening the committee tomorrow.

I suggest convening the committee tomorrow. (Workplace)

Neutral
I suggest having the meeting tomorrow.

I suggest having the meeting tomorrow. (Workplace)

Informal
How about meeting tomorrow?

How about meeting tomorrow? (Workplace)

Slang
Let's link up tomorrow.

Let's link up tomorrow. (Workplace)

Common Gerund Trigger Verbs

Gerund (-ing)

Feelings

  • Enjoy Enjoy
  • Dislike Dislike

Mental

  • Imagine Imagine
  • Consider Consider

Action

  • Finish Finish
  • Avoid Avoid

Gerund vs. Infinitive Meaning Shift

Stop + Gerund
Stop smoking Quit the habit forever
Stop + Infinitive
Stop to smoke Pause an activity to have a cigarette
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Examples by Level

1

I like swimming.

2

She loves dancing.

3

We hate waiting.

4

Do you like cooking?

1

I finished reading the book.

2

He started running every morning.

3

They stopped playing football.

4

I am good at singing.

1

I suggest taking a taxi.

2

Would you mind closing the door?

3

She avoided answering my question.

4

We are considering buying a new car.

1

He admitted stealing the watch.

2

I don't risk driving in the snow.

3

They postponed having the meeting.

4

I appreciate you helping us.

1

I resent being treated like a child.

2

She recollected seeing him at the station.

3

He shirked doing his share of the work.

4

I anticipate having finished by noon.

1

The situation warrants further investigating.

2

I can't help but wonder if it's worth it.

3

His constant complaining is quite tiresome.

4

There is no point in arguing with him.

Easily Confused

English Verbs Followed by Gerund (-ing) vs Stop + Gerund vs Stop + Infinitive

Learners often use them interchangeably, but they mean opposite things.

English Verbs Followed by Gerund (-ing) vs Like + Gerund vs Like + Infinitive

In many cases, they are the same, but 'like + gerund' emphasizes the enjoyment, while 'like + infinitive' emphasizes a habit or choice.

English Verbs Followed by Gerund (-ing) vs Suggest + Gerund vs Suggest + That Clause

Learners try to say 'I suggest you to go'.

Common Mistakes

✗

I like to swimming.

✓

I like swimming.

Don't use 'to' and '-ing' together.
✗

He love play football.

✓

He loves playing football.

After 'love', use the -ing form.
✗

I like read.

✓

I like reading.

The second verb needs -ing.
✗

She no like cooking.

✓

She doesn't like cooking.

Use 'doesn't' for negatives, but keep the -ing.
✗

I finish to eat.

✓

I finished eating.

Finish is followed by a gerund.
✗

Stop to talk!

✓

Stop talking!

If you want someone to be quiet, use the gerund.
✗

I am good at dance.

✓

I am good at dancing.

After a preposition (at), use -ing.
✗

He start to running.

✓

He started running.

Don't use 'to' before the gerund.
✗

I suggest to go to the park.

✓

I suggest going to the park.

Suggest never takes 'to + infinitive'.
✗

Do you mind to wait?

✓

Do you mind waiting?

Mind is always followed by a gerund.
✗

I avoid to see him.

✓

I avoid seeing him.

Avoid requires a gerund.
✗

I'm considering to buy a car.

✓

I'm considering buying a car.

Consider requires a gerund.
✗

I suggest him going.

✓

I suggest his going. (or) I suggest that he goes.

In formal English, use a possessive before the gerund.
✗

He denied to have seen it.

✓

He denied having seen it.

Deny requires a gerund, often a perfect gerund for the past.
✗

I resent you to say that.

✓

I resent your saying that.

Resent requires a gerund.
✗

It's no use to cry.

✓

It's no use crying.

The idiom 'it's no use' requires a gerund.

Sentence Patterns

I enjoy ___ in my free time.

Would you mind ___ for me?

I've finished ___ the report.

He avoided ___ to the party.

Real World Usage

Texting friends constant

I'm considering going out tonight, you in?

Job Interviews very common

I really enjoy solving complex problems.

Ordering Food occasional

I've finished ordering, do you want anything else?

Travel Advice common

I suggest taking the shuttle from the airport.

Social Media very common

Keep chasing your dreams! ✨

Doctor's Office common

You should avoid lifting heavy objects for a week.

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💡

The Preposition Rule

If you see a preposition (in, at, of, for, about, with), the next verb MUST be a gerund. No exceptions!
⚠️

The 'Suggest' Trap

Never say 'I suggest to go.' It is the most common B1 mistake. Always say 'I suggest going.'
🎯

Politeness with 'Mind'

Use 'Would you mind...?' to ask for things politely. It sounds much better than 'Can you...?'
💬

Go + -ing

For sports and hobbies that involve moving, we always use 'go' + gerund: go swimming, go shopping, go dancing.

Smart Tips

Always use the -ing form immediately after.

I am interested in learn English. → I am interested in learning English.

Imagine the word 'to' is forbidden. Use -ing instead.

I suggest to go home. → I suggest going home.

Use 'Would you mind' + -ing.

Can you help me? → Would you mind helping me?

Use 'go' + -ing for activities that involve moving to a place.

I go to swim. → I go swimming.

Pronunciation

/ɪŋ/

The 'ng' sound

The 'g' in -ing is usually silent or very soft. Focus on the nasal 'n' sound.

en-joy-ee-ting

Linking

When a verb ends in a vowel and the gerund starts with a vowel, they link smoothly. (e.g., 'enjoy eating' sounds like 'enjoy-yeating')

Polite Requests

Would you mind HELPing? ↗

Rising intonation at the end makes it more polite.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Remember the 'FEAM' verbs: Finish, Enjoy, Avoid, Mind. These four are the most common B1 gerund triggers.

Visual Association

Imagine a 'STOP' sign. If you stop *doing* something (gerund), you hit the brakes on the action. If you stop *to do* something (infinitive), you are stopping your car to get out and do a task.

Rhyme

When you finish your tea, and you're happy as can be, use -ing with enjoy, for every girl and boy.

Story

I was **considering** going to the beach. I **suggested** taking the bus, but my friend **disliked** waiting. We **finished** arguing and decided to walk.

Word Web

EnjoyFinishAvoidSuggestMindImagineKeepConsider

Challenge

Write down 5 things you enjoy doing and 3 things you avoid doing using the gerund form.

Cultural Notes

The verb 'fancy' (meaning 'to like' or 'to want') is very common in the UK and is always followed by a gerund.

Americans often use 'like' with an infinitive ('I like to swim') more frequently than the British, who prefer the gerund ('I like swimming'). Both are correct.

Using 'I suggest...' followed by a gerund is a standard way to give soft, polite advice in international business meetings.

The English gerund comes from the Old English suffix -ung or -ing, which was used to form nouns from verbs.

Conversation Starters

“

What do you enjoy doing on a rainy Sunday?

“

Is there any chore you really dislike doing?

“

Would you mind telling me about your favorite travel memory?

“

Have you ever considered moving to a different country?

Journal Prompts

Write about three hobbies you enjoy doing and why.
Describe your morning routine using verbs like 'start', 'finish', and 'keep'.
If you were the president, what changes would you suggest making to the education system?
Reflect on a habit you have quit or would like to quit.

Common Mistakes

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

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Test Yourself

Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

I enjoy ___ (listen) to music while I work.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: listening
The verb 'enjoy' is always followed by a gerund.
Select the correct option. Multiple Choice

She avoided ___ him at the party.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: seeing
'Avoid' is a trigger verb for the gerund.
Find the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

I suggest to take the bus.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: to take
It should be 'suggest taking'.
Rewrite the sentence using 'mind'. Sentence Transformation

Can you please open the window?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Would you mind opening the window?
'Mind' requires the -ing form.
Is the following rule true or false? True False Rule

The verb 'finish' can be followed by an infinitive (to + verb).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
'Finish' is only followed by a gerund.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Are you still working? B: No, I've just finished ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: typing
Finish + gerund.
Which verb is followed by a gerund? Grammar Sorting

Pick the gerund-trigger verb.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Imagine
Decide and Hope take the infinitive.
Match the verb with the correct gerund. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Smoking, 2-Going, 3-Reading
All these verbs take the gerund.

Score: /8

Practice Exercises

8 exercises
Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

I enjoy ___ (listen) to music while I work.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: listening
The verb 'enjoy' is always followed by a gerund.
Select the correct option. Multiple Choice

She avoided ___ him at the party.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: seeing
'Avoid' is a trigger verb for the gerund.
Find the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

I suggest to take the bus.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: to take
It should be 'suggest taking'.
Rewrite the sentence using 'mind'. Sentence Transformation

Can you please open the window?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Would you mind opening the window?
'Mind' requires the -ing form.
Is the following rule true or false? True False Rule

The verb 'finish' can be followed by an infinitive (to + verb).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
'Finish' is only followed by a gerund.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Are you still working? B: No, I've just finished ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: typing
Finish + gerund.
Which verb is followed by a gerund? Grammar Sorting

Pick the gerund-trigger verb.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Imagine
Decide and Hope take the infinitive.
Match the verb with the correct gerund. Match Pairs

Match: 1. Quit, 2. Suggest, 3. Enjoy

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Smoking, 2-Going, 3-Reading
All these verbs take the gerund.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
Complete the sentence with the correct gerund form. Fill in the Blank

Do you mind ___ your music down a bit?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: turning
Identify and correct the grammatical error. Error Correction

They keep to talk during the lecture.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: They keep talking during the lecture.
Select the sentence with the correct verb pattern. Multiple Choice

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I imagine living on a remote island one day.
Translate the sentence into English. Translation

Translate into English: 'Ella considera mudarse a España.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["She considers moving to Spain."]
Unscramble the words to form a correct sentence. Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She finished studying English after hours.
Match the verbs with the gerunds that correctly follow them. Match Pairs

Match each verb with its corresponding gerund:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
Choose the best verb form to complete the dialogue. Fill in the Blank

I stopped ___ coffee last month to improve my sleep.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: drinking
Correct the error in the sentence. Error Correction

They admitted to break the window during their game.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: They admitted breaking the window during their game.
Identify the grammatically correct sentence. Multiple Choice

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Would you mind closing the door?
Translate into English, using a gerund where appropriate. Translation

Translate into English: 'Recomiendo probar el postre.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["I recommend trying the dessert."]
Put the words in the correct order to form a sentence. Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I can't imagine living in Paris.
Match the verbs on the left with the correct gerund endings on the right. Match Pairs

Match the verbs with their gerund forms:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched

Score: /12

FAQ (8)

It depends on the main verb. Some verbs like `enjoy` just naturally take the gerund because it treats the action as a noun/concept.

Yes, `like` is one of the few verbs that can take both with almost no change in meaning.

Group them! Likes/Dislikes (enjoy, hate), Completion (finish, quit), and Mental (imagine, suggest).

Saying `I suggest to...`. Always use `I suggest -ing`.

Yes, with verbs like `stop` and `remember`. `Stop smoking` means you quit; `stop to smoke` means you paused to have a cigarette.

Most phrasal verbs (give up, put off, keep on) are followed by the gerund.

Yes, when 'to' is a preposition, like in `I look forward to meeting you`.

It is both! It is a standard part of English grammar used in all registers.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish low

Infinitive

English requires the -ing form after 'like', while Spanish uses the base verb.

French low

Infinitive

French often uses a preposition like 'de' before the infinitive, which English doesn't do with gerunds.

German moderate

Nominalized Infinitive

German doesn't have a specific -ing form for this; it just uses the capitalized infinitive.

Japanese partial

Verb + koto/no

Japanese uses a separate particle to nominalize, whereas English changes the verb ending.

Arabic moderate

Masdar

The Masdar is a distinct noun form, not just the verb with a suffix.

Chinese none

Verb (no change)

There is no morphological marker like -ing in Chinese.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Using -ing words as subjects (Gerunds)
Next
English Verbs Followed by Infinitive (want to, need to)

Continue With

B1 Builds On

English Verbs Followed by Infinitive (want to, need to)

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Nominalization: Verb to Noun for Formality

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Passive Gerunds: Being (receiving the action)

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Infinitives and Gerunds: Verb Patterns (Want to Go / Enjoy Going)

## Infinitives and Gerunds: Verb Patterns ### Verbs + to + infinitive - **want**: I want **to eat**. - **need**: She ne...
C1

English Participle Clauses: Doing two things at once (V-ing)

Overview English V-ing participle clauses, also known as present participle clauses, represent a sophisticated grammatic...
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