C1 Expression Formal 8 min read

According to scholars

Academic essay writing expression

In 15 Seconds

  • Cites expert consensus to add authority.
  • Commonly used in academic and formal writing.
  • Signals objective research rather than personal opinion.
  • Requires a comma when used as an introductory phrase.

Meaning

This phrase is your ultimate 'trust me, I'm right' card in a serious conversation or paper. It signals that you aren't just making things up, but relying on people who have spent their entire lives studying the subject. It carries a heavy vibe of authority, intellectual rigor, and borrowed credibility.

Key Examples

3 of 10
1

Writing a university history essay

According to scholars, the treaty was signed under extreme political pressure.

According to scholars, the treaty was signed under extreme political pressure.

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2

Discussing a documentary on Netflix

According to scholars featured in the series, the Vikings were actually quite clean.

According to scholars featured in the series, the Vikings were actually quite clean.

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3

A professional presentation at a conference

According to scholars in the field of linguistics, language evolves faster in urban areas.

According to scholars in the field of linguistics, language evolves faster in urban areas.

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🌍

Cultural Background

In the US, 'According to scholars' is often used in political debates to appeal to 'objective truth,' though it can sometimes be met with skepticism by those who distrust academic institutions. The BBC frequently uses this phrase in its historical and nature documentaries to maintain its reputation for accuracy and impartiality. German culture places a high value on the 'Gelehrter' (scholar). Using this phrase in a German context implies a very high level of respect for the source. In Chinese culture, citing 'scholars' (学者) aligns with the Confucian tradition of respecting teachers and learned elders.

🎯

Add a field for more power

Instead of just 'scholars,' say 'legal scholars,' 'biblical scholars,' or 'literary scholars' to sound even more expert.

⚠️

Don't use it for yourself

Never say 'According to me.' It sounds like you are quoting yourself as a world-class expert, which is very arrogant!

In 15 Seconds

  • Cites expert consensus to add authority.
  • Commonly used in academic and formal writing.
  • Signals objective research rather than personal opinion.
  • Requires a comma when used as an introductory phrase.

What It Means

Ever tried to win a debate on a Reddit thread about ancient history? You probably realized quickly that I think doesn't carry much weight when people are throwing around dates and archaeological data. This is where According to scholars enters the chat. It is a linguistic shield that protects your arguments by placing the responsibility of truth on the experts. It suggests a consensus among people with PhDs and library cards that would intimidate even the most confident internet troll.

What It Means

At its core, this phrase tells your audience that the information following it isn't your personal opinion. It refers to a collective group of experts—historians, scientists, linguists, or philosophers—who have reached a general agreement. When you say According to scholars, you are saying, 'The people who literally get paid to think about this for a living say X is true.' It adds a layer of objective distance. It is like bringing a bodyguard to a verbal fight; the bodyguard is the collective knowledge of the academic world. Scholars are people who have done the 'deep dive' so you don't have to. You are simply reporting their findings. It’s the difference between saying 'I heard this' and 'This is established fact.' Don't use it for your opinion on the best pizza topping, though. Scholars usually have more important things to argue about, like the fall of the Roman Empire or the syntax of Old Norse.

How To Use It

You will almost always find this phrase at the very beginning of a sentence to set the stage. It acts as an introductory clause, followed by a comma. For example: According to scholars, the pyramid was built as a tomb. You can also tuck it into the middle of a sentence if you want to sound particularly sophisticated. The text was, according to scholars, written in the late 14th century. Notice how it slows the sentence down? That’s intentional. It forces the reader to pause and respect the authority you’ve just invoked. In a digital world of 'fake news,' this phrase is a beacon of (hopefully) peer-reviewed light. It’s also a great way to avoid saying 'I don't know' while still sounding smart. Just make sure there actually are some scholars who agree with you. If you make it up, you aren't a scholar; you're just a creative storyteller.

Formality & Register

This phrase lives in the penthouse of formality. It is very much a C1 level expression because it belongs in university lecture halls, high-end documentaries on Netflix, and formal essays. You won't hear it at a frat party unless someone is being very sarcastic. It belongs to the 'Academic Register.' This is the way people speak when they are wearing blazers or sitting in front of a shelf of leather-bound books. If you use it while texting your friend about where to meet for lunch, they might think you’ve been hacked by a 19th-century professor. However, in a job interview or a presentation, it shows you have a high command of English and respect for evidence. It’s the 'tuxedo' of English phrases. It looks great in the right setting, but you'd look a bit silly wearing it to the beach.

Real-Life Examples

You’ll see this phrase pop up on Wikipedia pages constantly. It’s the bread and butter of historical documentaries. Imagine watching a show about King Arthur. The narrator might say, According to scholars, there is no evidence Arthur was a real person. Ouch, childhood ruined, right? But that's the power of the phrase—it delivers the cold, hard truth of research. You might also see it in a high-end news article in the New Yorker or The Economist. Even in a Zoom meeting for work, if you are discussing market trends, you might say, According to scholars of consumer behavior, people are buying more plants than ever. It sounds way more impressive than saying, 'I saw a lot of people on Instagram with succulents.' It gives your observations a backbone of research.

When To Use It

Use this when you want to sound objective and well-read. It’s perfect for the 'Introduction' or 'Literature Review' section of a university paper. It’s also great for professional presentations where you need to cite data without listing twenty different names. Use it when there is a general agreement among experts. It’s a great tool for 'hedging'—which is a fancy way of saying you aren't 100% sure yourself, but the experts are. If you’re writing a blog post about the benefits of meditation, saying According to scholars makes your health tips feel like medical advice rather than just 'vibes.' It’s about building a bridge between your words and the vast library of human knowledge. Just don't let the bridge collapse under the weight of your own ego.

When NOT To Use It

Never use this for personal preferences. According to scholars, I am the funniest person in the room is a joke, not a fact (unless you’ve actually been studied by a team of comedians). Avoid using it when the experts actually disagree. If there is a massive debate, saying According to scholars is misleading because it implies everyone agrees. In that case, use Scholars are divided on.... Also, don't use it in casual, high-speed environments like a WhatsApp group chat. If your friend asks, 'Is it raining?' and you reply, According to scholars of meteorology, precipitation is imminent, you are officially the 'too much' friend. Nobody likes the 'too much' friend. Keep it for the boardroom, the classroom, or the serious dinner party where everyone is drinking wine and talking about the economy.

Common Mistakes

The biggest mistake is saying According to me. That is a direct translation from some languages, but in English, it sounds very strange and a bit arrogant. We say In my opinion or I think. Another common error is adding a 'says' after it. ✗ According to scholars says... is a double-header of redundancy. The According to already does the job of the 'says.' Just say According to scholars, [fact]. Also, watch out for the plural. It’s almost always scholars (plural) because one scholar is just one person's opinion, but scholars implies a group consensus. If you only have one person, say According to Dr. Smith. Don't try to make one guy sound like a whole faculty. That’s just academic catfishing.

Common Variations

If you want to mix things up, you can use Experts suggest or Researchers believe. These are slightly less 'stuffy' than According to scholars but still carry weight. For a more modern, data-driven vibe, try Studies show. If you want to be even more formal, you can use Academic consensus dictates that... but only if you want to sound like you’ve swallowed a dictionary. On the more informal side, you might hear people say The smart people say... or Word on the street in academia is... though the latter is mostly used by people who want to sound cool while talking about history. Each variation has a slightly different 'flavor,' so choose the one that fits your outfit—I mean, your context.

Real Conversations

S

Student

Professor, why do we study this ancient text?
P

Professor

Well, According to scholars, it is the first recorded instance of a shopping list in human history.
S

Student

Seriously? What were they buying?
P

Professor

Mostly barley and goats. It wasn't very exciting, but it was revolutionary for the time.

Friend A: I read that drinking coffee makes you live longer.

Friend B: According to scholars, that's only true if you don't add five scoops of sugar to it.

Friend A: Well, scholars clearly don't know how to party.

Quick FAQ

Is scholars just a fancy word for teachers? Not exactly. While many scholars are teachers (professors), the term refers specifically to people who do original research and contribute to a field of study. Can I use it in a YouTube video? Absolutely! It’s very common in 'Video Essays' to give the creator some authority. Do I need to name the scholars? Not always. The phrase is often used when the information is widely accepted. However, if you're in a formal academic setting, you'll eventually need to provide a citation. Using the phrase without any proof is like saying 'Trust me, I'm a doctor' while wearing a plastic stethoscope.

Usage Notes

This phrase is strictly formal and should be used to attribute factual information to an academic source. Avoid using it for personal opinions or in very casual settings where it would sound out of place. Remember to always follow it with a comma when it starts a sentence.

🎯

Add a field for more power

Instead of just 'scholars,' say 'legal scholars,' 'biblical scholars,' or 'literary scholars' to sound even more expert.

⚠️

Don't use it for yourself

Never say 'According to me.' It sounds like you are quoting yourself as a world-class expert, which is very arrogant!

Examples

10
#1 Writing a university history essay
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

According to scholars, the treaty was signed under extreme political pressure.

According to scholars, the treaty was signed under extreme political pressure.

Sets a formal tone for an academic argument.

#2 Discussing a documentary on Netflix
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M14.828 14.828a4 4 0 01-5.656 0M9 10h.01M15 10h.01M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"/></svg>

According to scholars featured in the series, the Vikings were actually quite clean.

According to scholars featured in the series, the Vikings were actually quite clean.

Attributes interesting facts to the experts in the media.

#3 A professional presentation at a conference
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

According to scholars in the field of linguistics, language evolves faster in urban areas.

According to scholars in the field of linguistics, language evolves faster in urban areas.

Shows you have done your research before speaking.

#4 Instagram caption for a travel photo of ruins
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M14.828 14.828a4 4 0 01-5.656 0M9 10h.01M15 10h.01M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"/></svg>

According to scholars, these stones have been here for over two thousand years! 🏛️

According to scholars, these stones have been here for over two thousand years!

Adds a 'smart' touch to a social media post.

#5 Texting a friend about a health trend
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M14.828 14.828a4 4 0 01-5.656 0M9 10h.01M15 10h.01M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"/></svg>

According to scholars, sleeping eight hours is better than any energy drink.

According to scholars, sleeping eight hours is better than any energy drink.

Uses formal authority to give advice to a friend.

#6 Answering a question in a Zoom meeting
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

According to scholars of economics, we should expect a shift in the market soon.

According to scholars of economics, we should expect a shift in the market soon.

Provides a backed-up opinion in a work setting.

Common mistake - expressing personal opinion Common Mistake
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M14.828 14.828a4 4 0 01-5.656 0M9 10h.01M15 10h.01M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"/></svg>

✗ According to me, this movie is boring. → ✓ In my opinion, this movie is boring.

✗ According to me, this movie is boring. → ✓ In my opinion, this movie is boring.

You cannot use 'According to' for your own subjective thoughts.

Common mistake - grammatical redundancy Common Mistake
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

✗ According to scholars says the earth is round. → ✓ According to scholars, the earth is round.

✗ According to scholars says the earth is round. → ✓ According to scholars, the earth is round.

Don't use 'says' after 'According to'; it's repetitive.

#9 A humorous observation at a museum
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According to scholars, this ancient statue is 'masterful,' but it looks like a potato to me.

According to scholars, this ancient statue is 'masterful,' but it looks like a potato to me.

Contrasts academic views with funny personal ones.

#10 A deep conversation about human nature
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According to scholars of psychology, we all have a deep-seated need for connection.

According to scholars of psychology, we all have a deep-seated need for connection.

Uses a serious phrase to discuss emotional topics.

Test Yourself

Complete the sentence with the correct phrase.

__________, the ancient city was abandoned due to a prolonged drought.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: According to scholars

This is the standard formal way to attribute a historical theory.

Which sentence is the most appropriate for a university essay?

Choose the best option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: According to scholars, Roman engineering was ahead of its time.

This uses formal vocabulary ('engineering,' 'ahead of its time') and a professional citation.

Fill in the missing part of the dialogue.

A: Is it true that Shakespeare didn't write his plays? B: Well, __________, there is no evidence to support that theory.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: according to scholars

When discussing literary history, 'scholars' is the most authoritative source.

🎉 Score: /3

Visual Learning Aids

Practice Bank

3 exercises
Complete the sentence with the correct phrase. Fill Blank B1

__________, the ancient city was abandoned due to a prolonged drought.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: According to scholars

This is the standard formal way to attribute a historical theory.

Which sentence is the most appropriate for a university essay? Choose B2

Choose the best option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: According to scholars, Roman engineering was ahead of its time.

This uses formal vocabulary ('engineering,' 'ahead of its time') and a professional citation.

Fill in the missing part of the dialogue. dialogue_completion C1

A: Is it true that Shakespeare didn't write his plays? B: Well, __________, there is no evidence to support that theory.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: according to scholars

When discussing literary history, 'scholars' is the most authoritative source.

🎉 Score: /3

Frequently Asked Questions

5 questions

Only if you are being funny or sarcastic. It's too formal for a normal text.

Almost. 'Scholars' usually means people at universities or researchers. 'Experts' can be anyone with a lot of skill, like a plumber or a pilot.

Because it implies that many smart people agree, which makes the statement stronger.

Usually 'According to scholars' (no 'the'). Use 'the' only if you are talking about a specific group you already mentioned.

Yes! It is a great way to introduce evidence and will help you get a higher score for 'Lexical Resource.'

Related Phrases

🔗

According to experts

similar

Citing people with practical or professional knowledge.

🔗

As the saying goes

contrast

Citing a common proverb.

🔗

In the words of

specialized form

Directly quoting a specific person.

🔗

Research suggests

builds on

Focusing on the data rather than the people.

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