C1 Expression Very Formal 9 min read

Data was collected through

Research methodology and reporting expression

In 15 Seconds

  • Formal way to explain research methods
  • Uses passive voice for objectivity
  • Essential for academic and professional reports
  • Follow with the specific tool used

Meaning

This phrase is the standard way to introduce your research methodology in formal writing. It tells your reader exactly how you gathered your information, acting like a 'proof of work' for your claims. It feels objective, serious, and transparent.

Key Examples

3 of 10
1

Academic paper submission

Data was collected through a series of double-blind clinical trials over twelve months.

Data was collected through a series of double-blind clinical trials over twelve months.

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2

Business presentation to stakeholders

Our market data was collected through customer feedback forms sent out after every purchase.

Our market data was collected through customer feedback forms sent out after every purchase.

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3

Tech blog post about AI

The training data was collected through web scraping of public forums and news articles.

The training data was collected through web scraping of public forums and news articles.

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🌍

Cultural Background

There is a strong emphasis on 'Objectivity.' Using the passive voice like 'Data was collected through' is a way to show that the results are independent of the researcher's personality. In tech, 'Data was collected through' is often replaced by 'Data was harvested via' or 'Data was ingested through,' reflecting a culture that views data as a raw material to be processed by machines. Some cultures are pushing back against this phrase, preferring 'Storytelling' or 'Knowledge sharing' to emphasize the human relationship between the researcher and the community. The 'frozen' register is highly valued. This phrase is a staple of 'White Papers' (government reports), where clarity and tradition are paramount.

🎯

Vary your verbs

If you use 'collected' in one paragraph, use 'gathered' or 'obtained' in the next to keep your writing interesting.

⚠️

Watch the 'was'

Don't forget the 'was.' 'Data collected through' is a fragment, not a sentence.

In 15 Seconds

  • Formal way to explain research methods
  • Uses passive voice for objectivity
  • Essential for academic and professional reports
  • Follow with the specific tool used

What It Means

Ever notice how the most boring-sounding sentences are actually the ones holding the most power in a courtroom or a science lab? Data was collected through is exactly that kind of phrase. It isn't just a group of words; it’s a professional promise. When you use this expression, you are telling your audience, "I didn't just make this up while eating cereal this morning." It acts as a bridge between a curious question and a solid answer. It explains the 'how' behind the 'what.' In the world of facts, the method is just as important as the result. If you tell someone that 90% of people love pineapple on pizza, they might laugh. But if you say, Data was collected through a nationwide survey of 5,000 chefs, suddenly people stop laughing and start listening. This phrase carries the emotional weight of authority and meticulousness. It’s like showing your ID before entering a club; it proves you belong in the conversation of experts. It’s the ultimate vibe of "I did my homework, and here is the receipt."

How To Use It

Using this phrase is like building a LEGO set; there is a specific order that makes it work perfectly. You start with the subject, which is almost always Data. Then you move into the passive voice with was collected. Finally, you hit the most important part: through. After that word, you drop the name of your tool or method. For example, Data was collected through anonymous questionnaires. Notice how the sentence doesn't start with "I" or "We"? That’s intentional. By using the passive voice, you are shifting the spotlight away from yourself and onto the research process. It makes the information feel more universal and less personal. You can follow through with nouns like surveys, interviews, observation, or even modern digital methods like web scraping or API requests. If you’re feeling fancy, you can add an adjective to the data, like Qualitative data was collected through.... It’s a flexible tool that fits into any professional toolbox, whether you are a scientist, a business analyst, or just a very organized student trying to ace a final paper.

Formality & Register

This phrase is the linguistic equivalent of wearing a sharp, tailored tuxedo. It is highly formal and belongs in the 'professional' and 'academic' registers. You will find it living happily in PhD theses, corporate annual reports, white papers, and prestigious medical journals. It’s the kind of language that likes a clean desk and a focused mind. Because it is so formal, it carries a lot of weight in job interviews or high-level meetings. If you use it, people will perceive you as someone who values accuracy and structure. However, because it’s a tuxedo, you wouldn't wear it to a casual beach party. Using Data was collected through while chatting with friends at a café would sound pretty hilarious, like you're trying to turn a brunch conversation into a government hearing. "Data was collected through my taste buds that this coffee is too bitter." See? It’s a bit much for everyday life. Stick to environments where logic and evidence are the guests of honor.

Real-Life Examples

Let’s look at how this phrase shows up in the wild, specifically in our digital age. Imagine a tech company like Netflix trying to figure out why everyone is suddenly obsessed with 80s synth-pop. Their report might say, Data was collected through user interaction logs and viewing history. This tells the stakeholders that the computers did the work of tracking clicks and playbacks. Or, think about a travel vlogger who wants to know where their followers want to go next. They might write in an Instagram caption, "Hey guys! Data was collected through my last three polls, and it looks like we’re heading to Japan!" Even though Instagram is casual, using this phrase adds a tiny bit of professional flair that makes the creator sound more like a serious strategist. In a more traditional setting, a newspaper might report, Data was collected through door-to-door interviews in the affected neighborhood. This paints a picture of researchers actually walking the streets, clipboards in hand, doing the hard work of gathering human stories. Whether it’s high-tech algorithms or old-school conversations, this phrase covers it all.

When To Use It

You should reach for this phrase whenever the credibility of your information is on the line. Are you writing a thesis for your Master's degree? Use it. Are you preparing a slide deck for a quarterly business review? Use it. Are you a journalist explaining a new poll? Definitely use it. It’s particularly useful when you need to be brief but thorough. It packs a lot of information into a short space. Instead of saying, "First we sent emails, then we waited for replies, then we put them in a spreadsheet," you just say, Data was collected through an email-based survey. It’s clean, it’s efficient, and it makes you look like you know exactly what you’re doing. It’s also the perfect phrase for the "Methodology" section of any report. If there is a section in your document that asks "How did you find this out?", Data was collected through is your best friend. It’s the universal signal for "The facts start here."

When NOT To Use It

Despite its power, there are times when this phrase is the wrong tool for the job. Avoid using it in casual texts, DMs, or quick emails to colleagues you know well. If you say to your work bestie, "Data was collected through our Slack chat that the boss is in a bad mood," you’re being a bit of a nerd (which is fine, but maybe not the vibe you want!). Also, avoid it when you are talking about personal feelings or intuition. You don't "collect data" through your heart. Use it only for organized, systematic information gathering. Another "no-go" zone is when the data gathering was accidental or disorganized. If you just happened to hear something at the water cooler, don't try to dress it up with this phrase. It’s for intentional research, not gossip. Finally, if you are the one who personally did all the work and you want to emphasize your personal effort in a non-academic setting, using the active voice like "I interviewed 50 people" might actually be more impactful. This phrase hides the person, so don't use it if you want to be seen!

Common Mistakes

Language learners often trip over the small words in this expression. The biggest criminal is the preposition. ✗ Data was collected by surveys → ✓ Data was collected through surveys. While "by" is sometimes used, "through" is much more common in formal methodology. Another common slip is forgetting the verb "to be." ✗ Data collected through interviews → ✓ Data was collected through interviews. Without the "was," the sentence is incomplete unless it’s a heading. Then there is the classic "Data is" vs "Data are" debate. In most modern business contexts, Data was (singular) is perfectly fine and very common. However, in very strict academic science journals, you might see Data were collected through. If you use the plural, make sure the rest of your sentence matches! Lastly, don't confuse through with thorough. ✗ Data was collected thorough... is a common spelling mistake that will make your spellchecker cry. One is a preposition; the other is an adjective. Keep them separate!

Common Variations

If you find yourself using Data was collected through three times on the same page, your reader might get bored. You need some siblings for this phrase. A very close cousin is Information was gathered via.... This feels slightly less "scientific" but just as professional. Another option is Results were obtained through..., which focuses more on what you found rather than the raw data itself. For a more modern, tech-heavy feel, you could use Insights were generated using.... If you want to emphasize the source, try Data was sourced from.... In a legal or high-stakes environment, you might hear Evidence was compiled through.... Each of these has a slightly different flavor. Gathered feels a bit more manual, obtained feels like you had to work for it, and sourced feels like you picked it out from a specific place. Mixing these up keeps your writing fresh while maintaining that high-level, expert tone.

Real Conversations

R

Researcher

How did we get these numbers on user churn?
A

Analyst

Data was collected through a series of exit interviews conducted over the last six months.
P

Professor

Your results are impressive, but the methodology section is a bit thin.
S

Student

Sorry, Professor. I'll clarify that the data was collected through a combination of field observations and sensor logs.

Project Manager: Did we just guess that the app is too slow?

D

Developer

No, data was collected through automated performance testing on five different devices.

Friend A: Wow, you know a lot about why people quit their jobs.

Friend B: (Joking) Well, data was collected through many hours of eavesdropping at the local coffee shop.

Quick FAQ

Is it 'Data was' or 'Data were'? This is the million-dollar question! In modern everyday English and business writing, data was is the standard. However, in some traditional scientific fields, 'data' is treated as the plural of 'datum,' so they use data were. If you're writing for a general audience, was is safe. If you're writing for a biology journal, check their style guide! Can I use 'via' instead of 'through'? Yes, absolutely! Data was collected via surveys sounds very modern and professional. It’s a great way to save a little bit of space in a report. 'Through' feels a bit more traditional, while 'via' feels a bit more efficient. What if I collected the data myself? In a formal paper, you still use the passive voice: Data was collected through.... It keeps the focus on the science, not the scientist. In a personal blog post, you could say "I gathered data through..." to make it more personal. Is this phrase used in UK English too? Yes, it is a universal standard in the English-speaking world. Whether you are in London, New York, or Sydney, this is how professionals talk about their research. It’s a global passport for your facts.

Usage Notes

This is a high-level academic and professional phrase that relies on the passive voice for objectivity. Always follow 'through' with a noun or gerund describing the method. Avoid using it in casual social settings to prevent sounding robotic.

🎯

Vary your verbs

If you use 'collected' in one paragraph, use 'gathered' or 'obtained' in the next to keep your writing interesting.

⚠️

Watch the 'was'

Don't forget the 'was.' 'Data collected through' is a fragment, not a sentence.

💬

The 'Data' Debate

If you are writing for a very old, prestigious British journal, check if they prefer 'Data were collected.' For everyone else, 'Data was' is fine.

Examples

10
#1 Academic paper submission
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Data was collected through a series of double-blind clinical trials over twelve months.

Data was collected through a series of double-blind clinical trials over twelve months.

Standard academic use highlighting a specific medical method.

#2 Business presentation to stakeholders
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

Our market data was collected through customer feedback forms sent out after every purchase.

Our market data was collected through customer feedback forms sent out after every purchase.

Shows how the company listens to its users.

#3 Tech blog post about AI
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

The training data was collected through web scraping of public forums and news articles.

The training data was collected through web scraping of public forums and news articles.

Refers to modern digital data gathering methods.

Texting a colleague about a mistake Common Mistake
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✗ Data collected through the old system so it might be wrong. → ✓ The data was collected through the old system, so it might be inaccurate.

✗ Data collected through the old system so it might be wrong. → ✓ The data was collected through the old system, so it might be inaccurate.

Common mistake: forgetting the verb 'to be' in a full sentence.

#5 Instagram caption for a creator
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Data was collected through your comments, and most of you want more travel vlogs!

Data was collected through your comments, and most of you want more travel vlogs!

Using a formal phrase in a social media context for a bit of humor/authority.

#6 Job interview for a data analyst
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In my last project, data was collected through SQL queries from our primary database.

In my last project, data was collected through SQL queries from our primary database.

Demonstrates technical skills using the correct formal register.

Correcting a preposition error Common Mistake
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✗ Data was collected by phone calls. → ✓ Data was collected through phone calls.

✗ Data was collected by phone calls. → ✓ Data was collected through phone calls.

Common mistake: 'through' is the preferred preposition for methodology.

#8 Humorous office joke
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Data was collected through my secret observations that Dave always steals the good pens.

Data was collected through my secret observations that Dave always steals the good pens.

Applying formal research language to a silly office situation.

#9 NGO report on climate change
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

Primary data was collected through satellite imagery and local weather station records.

Primary data was collected through satellite imagery and local weather station records.

Formal reporting on environmental research.

#10 University student's survey
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

Data was collected through a Google Form shared on various student group chats.

Data was collected through a Google Form shared on various student group chats.

Relatable context for modern students.

Test Yourself

Complete the sentence with the correct formal phrase.

In this study, _______ _______ _______ through a series of online polls.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: data was collected

This is the standard formal passive construction required for academic writing.

Which sentence is most appropriate for a formal business report?

Choose the best option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Data was collected through automated email surveys.

This option uses the correct passive voice and professional terminology ('automated,' 'surveys').

Match the research method to the most likely data type.

Match the following:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Data was collected through interviews - Qualitative

Interviews typically yield descriptive, qualitative data.

Complete the dialogue with the most professional response.

Professor: 'How did you obtain these figures?' Student: '________________________.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Data was collected through a meta-analysis of peer-reviewed journals.

This uses the correct phrase and high-level academic vocabulary ('meta-analysis,' 'peer-reviewed').

🎉 Score: /4

Visual Learning Aids

Practice Bank

4 exercises
Complete the sentence with the correct formal phrase. Fill Blank B1

In this study, _______ _______ _______ through a series of online polls.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: data was collected

This is the standard formal passive construction required for academic writing.

Which sentence is most appropriate for a formal business report? Choose B2

Choose the best option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Data was collected through automated email surveys.

This option uses the correct passive voice and professional terminology ('automated,' 'surveys').

Match the research method to the most likely data type. Match C1

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Data was collected through interviews - Qualitative

Interviews typically yield descriptive, qualitative data.

Complete the dialogue with the most professional response. dialogue_completion C1

Professor: 'How did you obtain these figures?' Student: '________________________.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Data was collected through a meta-analysis of peer-reviewed journals.

This uses the correct phrase and high-level academic vocabulary ('meta-analysis,' 'peer-reviewed').

🎉 Score: /4

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

In formal writing, it can be both. However, 'Data was' (singular) is now the standard in 90% of business and academic contexts.

Yes, but 'by' usually refers to the person (by researchers), while 'through' refers to the tool (through surveys).

Yes, if it's a casual email. Use it only in formal reports or official project updates.

'Via' is often used for technology or routes (via the internet), while 'through' is more general.

Absolutely. 'Data will be collected through...' is perfect for a research proposal.

It sounds more objective. It makes the research seem like a fact of nature rather than just one person's opinion.

Only if you are talking about 'remembering' something. Never use it for gathering data.

Say: 'Data was collected through a combination of [Method A] and [Method B].'

Yes, 'gathered' is a perfect synonym for 'collected' and sounds slightly less clinical.

Use it on your 'Methodology' slide. It provides a clear, professional anchor for your explanation.

Related Phrases

🔄

Information was gathered via

synonym

A slightly less technical version of the phrase.

🔗

The methodology involved

builds on

A broader way to start the section.

🔗

Data was triangulated through

specialized form

Using three or more methods to confirm results.

🔗

Evidence was elicited through

similar

Specifically used when you have to 'draw out' information from people.

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