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A2 adjective 9 min read

بدجنس

Examples Notes & Tips بدجنس in 30 Seconds
Explanation بدجنس in your Level:
At the A1 level, you can think of 'bad-jens' as the opposite of 'good'. If you know the word 'bad' (which is actually the same in Persian and English!), 'bad-jens' is just a way to say a person is bad. You can use it in very simple sentences like 'He is bad-jens' or 'The cat is bad-jens'. It is a useful word to describe characters in simple stories or to talk about someone who is not being nice. Don't worry about the complex 'jens' part yet; just treat it as one single word for 'mean'. You will mostly see it used with the verb 'is' (ast/e). For example: 'Ali bad-jens e' (Ali is mean). It's a great adjective to add to your basic toolkit for describing people's personalities, alongside words like 'khub' (good) and 'bozorg' (big).
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At the A2 level, you should start noticing how 'bad-jens' is formed from two parts: 'bad' and 'jens'. This will help you remember it. You can now use it to explain *why* someone is mean using 'chon' (because). For example: 'He is bad-jens because he doesn't give me his pen.' You can also use the noun version 'bad-jensi' to tell someone 'Don't be mean' (bad-jensi nakon). At this level, you should be able to distinguish between 'bad-jens' (mean) and 'bad-akhlaq' (grumpy). Remember that 'bad-jens' is about the heart and intentions. You might hear this word in cartoons or when friends are joking around. It's an essential part of 'social' Persian that goes beyond just 'good' and 'bad'.
At the B1 level, you can use 'bad-jens' to describe more complex social situations. You can use it to talk about characters in a movie or book and discuss their motivations. You should also be comfortable using it in different tenses, such as 'He was being mean' or 'I think he will be mean'. You can start using it to describe 'mozi' (sneaky) behavior as well. At this stage, you should understand the nuance of using 'bad-jens' playfully versus seriously. If you say it with a smile, it's a joke; if you say it with a frown, it's a real criticism. You can also start using it with the ezafe construction more naturally: 'In mard-e bad-jens ra mishanasi?' (Do you know this mean man?).
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At the B2 level, you should understand the deeper connotations of 'jens' as 'essence' or 'nature'. You can use 'bad-jens' in debates about character and morality. You might compare someone who is 'bad-jens' with someone who is 'khabis' (vile) or 'past' (base), showing that you understand the degree of negativity. You can also use it to describe systemic 'meanness' in a metaphorical sense, though it remains primarily a word for people. Your ability to use the word in the context of Persian 'Ta'arof' (social etiquette) becomes important; you'll know that calling someone 'bad-jens' is a significant break from formal politeness. You can also use it in conditional sentences: 'If he weren't so bad-jens, everyone would like him.'
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At the C1 level, you are expected to use 'bad-jens' and its derivatives with native-like precision. You can explore its use in classical and modern literature, where the 'jens' of a person is a recurring theme. You can discuss the word's etymology and its Arabic roots in 'jins'. You should be able to identify when 'bad-jens' is used as a social label to ostracize someone. You can also use more advanced structures, like 'bad-jens-âne' (meanly/maliciously) as an adverb. For example: 'He smiled meanly.' Your vocabulary should now include a wide range of synonyms, and you should be able to explain exactly why 'bad-jens' is the most appropriate word in a specific literary or social context compared to 'sharir' or 'khabis'.
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At the C2 level, you have a complete grasp of the word's psychological and philosophical weight. You can analyze the concept of 'bad-jens' within the framework of Iranian worldviews on human nature (fetrat). You can use the word in high-level academic or literary critiques, perhaps discussing how a certain author uses 'bad-jensi' as a motif to represent social decay. You understand every subtle inflection and cultural hidden meaning. Whether it's used in a complex legal case to describe 'malice aforethought' (though more formal terms exist) or in a highly sophisticated satirical poem, you understand the resonance of the word. You can also manipulate the word creatively in puns or wordplay that relies on the multiple meanings of 'jens'.
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Examples Notes & Tips

بدجنس in 30 Seconds

  • Bad-jens means 'mean' or 'malicious' in Persian.
  • It is a compound word: 'bad' (bad) + 'jens' (nature).
  • It can be used seriously for villains or playfully among friends.
  • The noun form 'bad-jensi' means 'meanness' or 'malice'.

The Persian word بدجنس (pronounced 'bad-jens') is a quintessential adjective used to describe someone's character or nature. Etymologically, it is a compound of the Persian word bad (meaning 'bad') and the Arabic-derived word jens (meaning 'kind', 'nature', or 'species'). When combined, it literally translates to 'of a bad nature' or 'bad-natured'. However, its usage in modern Persian is far more nuanced and frequent than its English equivalents like 'malicious' or 'mean-spirited'. It is the go-to word when you want to describe someone who acts with a bit of a sting, someone who enjoys being slightly cruel, or a character in a story who is clearly the antagonist. It is not just about being 'bad'; it is about having a specific quality of unkindness that feels inherent to the person's personality at that moment.

Core Meaning
The primary meaning refers to a person who is unkind, mean, or acts with a malicious intent. It suggests a flaw in their character rather than just a one-time bad mood. In English, we might call such a person 'mean', 'nasty', or 'wicked'.
Colloquial Playfulness
Interestingly, among close friends or family, bad-jens can be used teasingly. If someone plays a harmless prank or refuses to share a small secret, a friend might laughingly say, 'You are so bad-jens!' In this context, it loses its heavy moral weight and becomes a term of endearment for someone being 'naughty' or 'cheeky'.
Literary and Storytelling Context
In Persian folklore and children's stories, characters like the 'Bad-jens Wolf' or the 'Bad-jens Fox' are common. It serves as a label for the villain whose primary motivation is to trick or harm others for their own gain. It is the antithesis of 'khosh-jens' (good-natured).

اون پسر خیلی بدجنس است چون همیشه اسباب‌بازی‌های دیگران را می‌شکند.

— Translation: That boy is very mean because he always breaks others' toys.

Understanding the word requires looking at the word jens. In Persian, jens can mean material or gender, but in this psychological context, it refers to the 'essence' of a person. Therefore, calling someone bad-jens is almost like saying their very 'fabric' is faulty. This makes it a powerful descriptor. You wouldn't use it for a broken machine or a bad day; you use it for sentient beings—people and sometimes animals—who display a pattern of unkind behavior. It is one of the first adjectives children learn to distinguish between 'good' people and 'bad' people in their social circles.

چرا اینقدر بدجنسی می‌کنی؟ یک ذره مهربان باش!

— Translation: Why are you being so mean? Be a little kind!

Using بدجنس correctly in a sentence involves understanding Persian adjective placement and the verb 'to be' (budan). Since it is an adjective, it typically follows the noun it describes, connected by the ezafe (the short 'e' sound). For example, 'a mean man' becomes mard-e bad-jens. However, it is most frequently used as a predicate adjective—describing the subject after a verb like 'is' or 'was'.

Attributive Usage (Noun + Adjective)
To describe a specific person within a phrase:
آدم بدجنس (Adam-e bad-jens) - A mean person.
مدیر بدجنس (Modir-e bad-jens) - The mean manager.
Predicative Usage (Subject + Adjective + Verb)
This is the most common way to use the word in daily conversation:
او بدجنس است. (U bad-jens ast) - He/she is mean.
آن‌ها بدجنس بودند. (Ânhâ bad-jens budand) - They were mean.

خواهر بدجنس سیندرلا اجازه نداد او به مهمانی برود.

— Translation: Cinderella's mean sister didn't let her go to the party.

One of the unique features of bad-jens is its ability to turn into a noun (meanness) by adding the suffix '-i'. بدجنسی (bad-jensi) means 'meanness' or 'malice'. You will often hear people say bad-jensi nakon, which literally means 'don't do meanness', but is translated as 'don't be mean'. This construction is very common in colloquial speech when someone is acting in a way that is selfish or unkind.

از این همه بدجنسی خسته شده‌ام.

— Translation: I am tired of all this meanness.

When using the word to describe animals, it often implies a level of cunning. A gorbe-ye bad-jens (mean cat) isn't just a cat that scratches; it's a cat that seems to enjoy the chaos it causes. This personification is a key part of how the word functions in the Persian imagination. Whether you are talking about a boss who denies a vacation request or a child who hides their sibling's shoes, bad-jens captures that specific flavor of intentional unkindness.

You will encounter بدجنس in a wide variety of settings, ranging from domestic disputes and playground chatter to cinematic dialogues and literary critiques. It is a 'high-frequency' word, meaning it is part of the core vocabulary that every Persian speaker uses daily. Unlike some words that are restricted to formal literature, bad-jens is perfectly at home in a casual text message or a heated argument on the street.

In Iranian Cinema and TV
In Persian soap operas (often called 'serial'), the audience quickly identifies the 'shakhsiat-e bad-jens' (the mean character). This is usually the person plotting against the protagonist. You'll hear other characters whisper, 'Cheqadr in zan bad-jens ast!' (How mean this woman is!).
Parent-Child Interactions
Parents use it to correct behavior. If a child hits another, the parent might say, 'Bad-jensi nakon, pesaram' (Don't be mean, my son). It is a way of labeling the behavior as socially unacceptable.
Social Media and Internet Culture
On platforms like Instagram or Twitter (X), users might use the word to describe a celebrity who made a controversial comment or a politician perceived as heartless. It is often used in memes to label 'villainous' behavior in a humorous way.

واقعاً بدجنسی است که در این باران او را بیرون کردی.

— Translation: It is truly mean that you kicked him out in this rain.

Another common place to hear this word is in the workplace. While Persian culture emphasizes politeness (Ta'arof), behind closed doors, people often describe difficult colleagues as bad-jens. If a colleague takes credit for someone else's work, they are immediately labeled as such. It is the ultimate descriptor for someone who lacks 'ensaniat' (humanity) in their professional dealings. It highlights a lack of empathy and a focus on self-interest at the expense of others.

فیلم خیلی خوبی بود، اما نقش اولش خیلی بدجنس بود.

— Translation: It was a very good movie, but the main character was very mean.

For English speakers learning Persian, the word بدجنس can sometimes be misused due to its broad meaning. A common mistake is using it as a direct replacement for 'bad' in every context. However, bad-jens is specifically about character. You cannot use it to describe a 'bad movie' or 'bad food'. For those, you would simply use bad or kharâb.

Confusion with 'Bad-akhlaq'
Many learners confuse bad-jens with bad-akhlaq. While bad-jens means mean-spirited or malicious, bad-akhlaq means ill-mannered or grumpy. A person can be bad-akhlaq (cranky) without being bad-jens (malicious). Conversely, a bad-jens person might be very polite and 'khosh-akhlaq' on the surface while plotting against you.
Misapplying to Objects
Remember that jens refers to nature or essence. You wouldn't say a 'bad-jens car'. You would say mâshin-e bad. Only use bad-jens for things with a perceived 'will' or 'character'.

اشتباه: این غذا بدجنس است.
درست: این غذا بد است.

— Explanation: You cannot call food 'mean-spirited'. Use 'bad' instead.

Another nuance is the intensity. While bad-jens is a strong word, it is not as extreme as 'evil' (sheytâni). Using it for a truly horrific criminal might feel too light; in those cases, words like khabis or jinâyatkâr are more appropriate. On the other hand, using it for a friend who simply forgot your birthday might be too harsh unless you are joking. Context and tone of voice are everything in Persian.

او بدجنس نیست، فقط کمی بداخلاق است.

— Translation: He is not mean-spirited, he is just a bit ill-mannered/grumpy.

To truly master the concept of 'meanness' in Persian, it is helpful to compare بدجنس with its synonyms and related terms. Each word carries a slightly different 'flavor' of negativity, and choosing the right one will make your Persian sound much more natural and sophisticated.

بدجنس (Bad-jens) vs. خبیث (Khabis)
Bad-jens is common and can be lighthearted. Khabis is much stronger, often translated as 'wicked' or 'vile'. You use khabis for someone truly malevolent, often with a religious or formal connotation of evil.
بدجنس (Bad-jens) vs. موذی (Mozi)
Mozi literally means 'harmful' (like a pest or insect). It describes someone who is sneaky and causes trouble quietly behind your back. While a bad-jens person might be openly mean, a mozi person is 'insidious'.
بدجنس (Bad-jens) vs. پست (Past)
Past means 'low' or 'base'. It is used for someone who lacks dignity or honor—someone who would do something 'beneath' a decent human being. It is a very insulting term used for people who betray trust.

او نه تنها بدجنس است، بلکه خیلی هم موذی است.

— Translation: He is not only mean, but he is also very sneaky/insidious.

On the flip side, the most direct antonym is خوش‌جنس (khosh-jens), which means 'good-natured' or 'kind-hearted'. Using these two words as a pair is a great way to remember them. Another antonym is مهربان (mehrabân), which simply means 'kind'. While khosh-jens describes the person's inherent nature, mehrabân often describes their actions. Learning these distinctions will help you describe people with the same precision as a native speaker.

برخلاف برادرش که خیلی خوش‌جنس است، او بسیار بدجنس است.

— Translation: Unlike his brother who is very good-natured, he is very mean.

Fun Fact

The word 'jens' is actually a cognate of the English word 'genus' and 'gender', coming from the same ancient roots through different paths!

Pronunciation Guide

UK /bæd.dʒens/
US /bæd.dʒɛns/
The stress is on the second syllable: bad-JENS.
Rhymes With
Jens (nature) Hess (feeling - slant rhyme) Pass (low - slant rhyme) Nafs (soul - slant rhyme) Lams (touch - slant rhyme) Ghas (special - slant rhyme) Dars (lesson - slant rhyme) Tars (fear - slant rhyme)
Common Errors
  • Pronouncing 'jens' as 'jeans' (it should be a short 'e').
  • Putting the stress on the first syllable 'BAD-jens'.
  • Merging the 'd' and 'j' too much; they should be distinct but fluid.
  • Forgetting the short 'e' (ezafe) when connecting it to a noun.
  • Mispronouncing the 's' at the end as a 'z'.
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Examples by Level

1

او بدجنس است.

He is mean.

Simple subject + adjective + verb.

2

گربه بدجنس است.

The cat is mean.

Animal as subject.

3

آن مرد بدجنس بود.

That man was mean.

Past tense of 'to be'.

4

دوست من بدجنس نیست.

My friend is not mean.

Negative form 'nist'.

5

چرا بدجنس هستی؟

Why are you mean?

Question form.

6

او یک سگ بدجنس دارد.

He has a mean dog.

Attributive adjective with ezafe.

7

این پسر بدجنس است.

This boy is mean.

Demonstrative 'in'.

8

آن‌ها خیلی بدجنس هستند.

They are very mean.

Plural subject.

1

او بدجنس است چون سیب مرا خورد.

He is mean because he ate my apple.

Using 'chon' (because).

2

بدجنسی نکن و مدادم را بده.

Don't be mean and give my pencil.

Noun 'bad-jensi' + imperative 'nakon'.

3

خواهرش خیلی بدجنس است.

His sister is very mean.

Possessive 'ash' suffix.

4

من آدم‌های بدجنس را دوست ندارم.

I don't like mean people.

Object with 'râ'.

5

او امروز کمی بدجنس شده است.

He has become a bit mean today.

Present perfect 'shode ast'.

6

روباه در داستان خیلی بدجنس بود.

The fox in the story was very mean.

Context of stories.

7

آیا تو فکر می‌کنی او بدجنس است؟

Do you think he is mean?

Compound question.

8

ما نباید بدجنس باشیم.

We should not be mean.

Modal 'nabâyad'.

1

او با بدجنسی خندید و رفت.

He laughed meanly and left.

Using 'bâ' to create an adverbial phrase.

2

همه می‌دانند که او چقدر بدجنس است.

Everyone knows how mean he is.

Relative clause with 'ke'.

3

او به خاطر بدجنسی‌اش تنها ماند.

He stayed alone because of his meanness.

Cause and effect.

4

نباید اجازه دهی آدم‌های بدجنس تو را ناراحت کنند.

You shouldn't let mean people upset you.

Subjunctive mood 'nârâhat konand'.

5

او همیشه نقش‌های بدجنس را بازی می‌کند.

He always plays mean roles.

Describing profession/habit.

6

این یک شوخی بدجنسانه بود.

This was a mean-spirited joke.

Adjective 'bad-jensâne'.

7

او از روی بدجنسی حقیقت را نگفت.

He didn't tell the truth out of meanness.

Prepositional phrase 'az ruye'.

8

چقدر بدجنسی که به او کمک نکردی!

How mean of you not to help him!

Exclamatory sentence.

1

رفتار بدجنسانه او باعث شد همه از او دوری کنند.

His mean behavior caused everyone to avoid him.

Complex subject with 'raftâr'.

2

او تظاهر به مهربانی می‌کند اما در واقع بدجنس است.

He pretends to be kind but in reality, he is mean.

Contrast using 'ammâ' and 'dar vâqe'.

3

هیچ‌کس نمی‌تواند بدجنسی او را توجیه کند.

No one can justify his meanness.

Using 'tovjih kardan'.

4

او با یک نقشه بدجنسانه می‌خواست شرکت را بگیرد.

With a mean-spirited plan, he wanted to take the company.

Describing a plan.

5

او همیشه با بدجنسی درباره دیگران قضاوت می‌کند.

He always judges others with meanness.

Adverbial usage.

6

این بدجنسی محض است که حقوق کارگران را ندهی.

It is pure meanness not to pay the workers' wages.

Abstract noun usage.

7

او سعی کرد بدجنسی‌اش را پشت لبخندش پنهان کند.

He tried to hide his meanness behind his smile.

Infinitive 'penhân kardan'.

8

جامعه نباید در برابر چنین بدجنسی‌هایی سکوت کند.

Society should not remain silent against such meanness.

Plural abstract noun.

1

در این رمان، نویسنده به خوبی ماهیت بدجنس شخصیت را ترسیم کرده است.

In this novel, the author has well depicted the mean nature of the character.

Literary analysis vocabulary.

2

او با چنان بدجنسی‌ای صحبت کرد که همه شوکه شدند.

He spoke with such meanness that everyone was shocked.

Using 'chonân... ke' structure.

3

ریشه این بدجنسی در دوران کودکی او نهفته است.

The root of this meanness lies in his childhood.

Metaphorical 'rishe' and 'nahofte'.

4

او مدام با کنایه‌های بدجنسانه دیگران را تحقیر می‌کند.

He constantly humiliates others with mean-spirited ironies.

Advanced vocabulary 'tahqir'.

5

این عمل او فراتر از یک شیطنت ساده، یک بدجنسی واقعی بود.

This act of his was beyond a simple mischief; it was real meanness.

Comparison 'farâtar az'.

6

او با خونسردی و بدجنسی تمام، خبر بد را به او داد.

With total cold-bloodedness and meanness, he gave him the bad news.

Adverbial phrase with 'tamâm'.

7

نمی‌توان منکر بدجنسی ذاتی برخی از افراد شد.

One cannot deny the inherent meanness of some individuals.

Formal 'monkar shodan'.

8

او در اوج بدجنسی، حتی به بهترین دوستش هم رحم نکرد.

At the height of meanness, he didn't even show mercy to his best friend.

Idiomatic 'dar owj-e'.

1

تحلیل روان‌شناختی او نشان‌دهنده یک بدجنسی نهادینه شده است.

His psychological analysis indicates an institutionalized meanness.

Academic terminology.

2

او با ظرافتی بدجنسانه، رقیبش را از میدان به در کرد.

With mean-spirited subtlety, he ousted his rival from the field.

Sophisticated adverbial usage.

3

این بدجنسی سیستماتیک در ساختار اداری نفوذ کرده است.

This systematic meanness has permeated the administrative structure.

Sociopolitical context.

4

نویسنده با استفاده از استعاره، بدجنسی را به مثابه یک بیماری توصیف می‌کند.

Using metaphor, the author describes meanness as a disease.

Literary criticism.

5

او در پسِ چهره‌ای موجه، بدجنسی عمیقی را پنهان ساخته بود.

Behind a justifiable face, he had hidden a deep meanness.

Formal literary Persian.

6

تجلی بدجنسی در کنش‌های او به وضوح قابل رویت است.

The manifestation of meanness in his actions is clearly visible.

Philosophical 'tajalli'.

7

او با رویکردی بدجنسانه، تمام پل‌های پشت سرش را خراب کرد.

With a mean-spirited approach, he destroyed all the bridges behind him.

Idiomatic expression usage.

8

فلسفه اخلاق به بررسی چرایی بروز چنین بدجنسی‌هایی در جوامع می‌پردازد.

The philosophy of ethics examines why such meanness emerges in societies.

Formal academic inquiry.

Common Collocations

آدم بدجنس
روباه بدجنس
بدجنسی کردن
لبخند بدجنسانه
نقشه بدجنسانه
ذات بدجنس
بسیار بدجنس
زن بدجنس
کمی بدجنس
واقعاً بدجنس

Common Phrases

بدجنسی نکن

— Don't be mean. Used to stop someone from acting unkindly.

بدجنسی نکن و اسباب‌بازی‌اش را پس بده.

از روی بدجنسی

— Out of meanness. Explaining the motivation behind an action.

او از روی بدجنسی این کار را کرد.

چقدر بدجنس!

— How mean! An exclamation used in response to an unkind act.

چقدر بدجنس که به او زنگ نزدی.

آدمِ بدجنس

— A mean person. A general label for someone unkind.

او آدم بدجنسی است.

بدجنسِ موذی

— A sneaky mean person. Combining two traits.

او یک بدجنس موذی است که پشت سر همه حرف می‌زند.

ذاتش بدجنس است

— His/her nature is mean. Suggesting it's an unchangeable trait.

او را ببخش، ذاتش بدجنس است.

شوخی بدجنسانه

— A mean joke. A joke intended to hurt or mock.

این فقط یک شوخی بدجنسانه بود.

بدجنسی‌اش گل کرد

— His meanness 'flowered' (showed up). Used when someone suddenly starts being mean.

دوباره بدجنسی‌اش گل کرده است.

همه را بدجنس می‌بیند

— He sees everyone as mean. Describing a cynical person.

او چون خودش بد است، همه را بدجنس می‌بیند.

دنیای بدجنس

— The mean world. A poetic or dramatic way to describe life's hardships.

او از این دنیای بدجنس خسته شده بود.

Idioms & Expressions

"بدجنسی زیر پوست داشتن"

— To have meanness under the skin. Meaning someone is secretly or inherently mean.

او ظاهر خوبی دارد اما بدجنسی زیر پوستش است.

Colloquial
"دندان بدجنسی نشان دادن"

— To show the tooth of meanness. Meaning to start acting maliciously.

بالاخره دندان بدجنسی‌اش را نشان داد.

Metaphorical
"آب زیر کاه"

— Water under the straw. Describes a sneaky, mean person (often associated with being bad-jens).

مواظب او باش، خیلی آب زیر کاه است.

Idiomatic
"گرگ در لباس میش"

— A wolf in sheep's clothing. A mean person pretending to be kind.

او یک گرگ در لباس میش و واقعاً بدجنس است.

Common
"مار خوش خط و خال"

— A beautiful but venomous snake. Someone attractive but mean/dangerous.

گول ظاهرش را نخور، او یک مار خوش خط و خال و بدجنس است.

Literary
"حنایش رنگی ندارد"

— His henna has no color. Meaning his mean tricks no longer work on us.

دیگر بدجنسی نکن، حنایت برای ما رنگی ندارد.

Proverbial
"از آستین مار درآوردن"

— To pull a snake out of one's sleeve. To do something unexpectedly mean.

او باز هم یک بدجنسی جدید از آستینش درآورد.

Metaphorical
"چشم دیدن کسی را نداشتن"

— Not having the eye to see someone. Being mean due to jealousy.

او چون چشم دیدن موفقیت مرا ندارد، بدجنسی می‌کند.

Colloquial
"کرم ریختن"

— To shed worms. Slang for being annoyingly mean or causing trouble.

باز داری بدجنسی می‌کنی و کرم می‌ریزی؟

Slang
"زهر خود را ریختن"

— To pour one's venom. To finally do that mean thing one was planning.

او بالاخره زهر بدجنسی‌اش را ریخت.

Metaphorical

Word Family

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Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of someone who is 'BAD' at their 'GENES' (jens). They were born with 'bad genes' that make them mean!

Visual Association

Imagine a fox (rubâh) wearing a sign that says 'BAD' and holding a stolen piece of cheese. The fox is the classic 'bad-jens' animal in stories.

Word Origin

A compound of the Persian word 'bad' (originating from Middle Persian 'wad') and the Arabic word 'jins' (meaning kind, genus, or nature).

Original meaning: The original meaning is 'of a bad kind' or 'having a bad nature'.

Indo-European (Persian) and Afroasiatic (Arabic) hybrid.
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