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Vocabulary
جاری شدن

B1 verb #4,500 most common 6 min read

جاری شدن

Q: How do I say 'The law is currently in effect'?

You can say 'این قانون جاری است' or 'این قانون اجرا میشود'.

Q: Can 'جاری شدن' be used for electricity?

Yes, in a technical sense, electricity 'flows' (جاری میشود) in a circuit.

Q: Can I use it for a 'flow of ideas'?

Yes, 'جریان ایدهها' or 'جاری شدن فکرها' is a perfectly acceptable metaphorical use.

Top 4,500

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips جاری شدن in 30 Seconds

Explanation جاری شدن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'جاری شدن' means 'to flow' like water. Think of a river (رودخانه) or a tap. It is a compound verb made of 'جاری' and 'شدن'. You can use it in simple sentences like 'The water flows.' It's important to recognize it in basic nature descriptions.

For A2 learners, you should start using 'جاری شدن' for things like tears (اشک) and rain. You should also be able to use it in the past tense ('جاری شد') and present tense ('جاری می‌شود'). At this stage, you understand that it's for liquids moving naturally.

As a B1 learner, you should use 'جاری شدن' in more varied contexts, such as floods (سیل) or melted snow. You should understand its use in news reports. You can also start using it metaphorically for words or feelings. You should be comfortable with different tenses, including the future and present continuous.

At B2, you should understand the cultural and formal uses of 'جاری شدن', such as in legal contracts or marriage ceremonies. You can distinguish it from synonyms like 'روان شدن' (for traffic) or 'وزیدن' (for wind). You use it to describe abstract concepts like electricity or energy flow.

C1 learners use 'جاری شدن' with poetic precision. You understand its role in classical literature and can use it in academic writing to describe the 'flow of ideas' or 'historical currents'. You are aware of formal alternatives like 'جاری گشتن' and use them appropriately in high-level discourse.

At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of the word's philosophical implications. You can discuss the 'flow of existence' or 'divine emanation' using this verb. You understand its etymological roots and its nuances in complex legal and religious texts without hesitation.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

جاری شدن in 30 Seconds

Primarily means 'to flow' for liquids like water or blood.
Commonly used for emotional expressions like 'tears flowing'.
Essential for legal contexts, especially marriage contract recitation.
Used metaphorically for electricity, information, and ideas.

The Persian verb جاری شدن (Jāri shodan) is a compound verb that primarily describes the movement of liquids, but its utility extends far beyond mere hydraulics. At its core, it combines the adjective جاری (flowing, current, ongoing) with the auxiliary verb شدن (to become). In everyday Persian, you will encounter this word most frequently when discussing natural phenomena like rivers, rain, or melting snow. However, to truly master B1-level Persian, one must understand its metaphorical and formal applications.

Literal Movement: This is the most common usage. It refers to water moving from a higher point to a lower point or through a channel. For example, when the spring sun melts the mountain snow, the water 'flows' into the valleys.
Emotional Expression: In literature and daily speech, tears do not just 'fall'; they 'flow' (اشک جاری شدن). This implies a continuous, often uncontrollable stream of emotion, adding a poetic layer to the description of sadness or joy.
Legal and Ritual Validity: Crucially, in Iranian culture, this verb is used for the recitation of formal contracts, specifically the marriage contract (صیغه عقد). When the words are spoken, the contract is said to 'flow' or 'become enacted'.

پس از باران شدید، سیل در خیابان‌ها جاری شد.
— After the heavy rain, a flood flowed in the streets.

In a broader sense, جاری شدن signifies the transition from a state of stillness or potential to a state of active movement. Whether it is blood flowing in veins or electricity flowing through a circuit, the verb captures the essence of a continuous current. In the news, you might hear about 'blood being shed' (خون جاری شدن) in a conflict, which carries a heavy, tragic weight. Conversely, in a spiritual context, one might speak of 'divine grace flowing' (رحمت الهی جاری شدن). Understanding these nuances allows a learner to move from simple descriptions to nuanced Persian expression.

اشک بر گونه‌هایش جاری شد.
— Tears flowed down her cheeks.

Using جاری شدن correctly requires attention to the subject-verb agreement and the prepositions involved. Since it is an intransitive compound verb (it doesn't take a direct object in the sense of 'flowing something'), the focus is always on the subject that is performing the action of flowing.

Preposition 'در' (In): Used when describing the medium through which something flows. 'Water flows in the river' (آب در رودخانه جاری می‌شود).
Preposition 'از' (From): Used to indicate the source. 'Water flowed from the spring' (آب از چشمه جاری شد).

کلمات به راحتی بر زبانش جاری می‌شدند.
— Words were flowing easily on his tongue.

When conjugating 'جاری شدن', remember that 'جاری' remains constant, and only 'شدن' changes to reflect the tense, person, and number. For example, in the future tense: 'جاری خواهد شد' (It will flow). In the present continuous: 'دارد جاری می‌شود' (It is flowing). This stability makes it a relatively easy verb for B1 students to integrate into their active vocabulary once they have mastered the basic conjugations of 'شدن'.

In formal Persian, you might encounter the passive-like structure 'جاری گشتن' or 'جاری گردیدن'. These are synonyms for 'جاری شدن' but are strictly reserved for high literature or official documents. As a B1 learner, stick to 'شدن' for all spoken and most written contexts to sound natural.

You will encounter جاری شدن in several distinct environments in Iran and Persian-speaking communities. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the word's register and intent.

The Evening News (Akhbar): Meteorologists frequently use this verb when warning about seasonal floods. Phrases like 'احتمال جاری شدن سیل' (The possibility of a flood flowing/occurring) are staples of spring and autumn weather reports in provinces like Mazandaran or Lorestan.
Poetry and Music: Persian culture is deeply rooted in poetry. Song lyrics often use 'جاری شدن' to describe the flow of love, memories, or the passage of time. If you listen to traditional Persian music (Mousighi Sonati), listen for this verb in the context of rivers (rud) and tears (ashk).
Religious and Legal Ceremonies: At a wedding, the 'Aqed' (officiant) will say 'خطبه عقد جاری شد', meaning the marriage sermon has been recited and the union is now legally and spiritually active. This is perhaps the most culturally significant use of the word.
Medical Contexts: Doctors or health reports might use it to describe blood flow (جریان خون) or the 'flowing' of a virus through a population, though 'spread' (شیوع) is more common for the latter.

عشق در تمام رگ‌هایش جاری بود.
— Love was flowing in all his veins.

In the digital age, you might even see it in technical translations regarding 'data flow' (جاری شدن داده‌ها), although 'جریان' (the noun form) is more frequent in technical UI. However, if a process 'starts to flow', the verb form is used. Hearing this word often signals that something has moved from a static state to a dynamic one.

Learners often struggle with the boundaries of جاری شدن, either by overusing it or confusing it with similar verbs. Here are the most frequent pitfalls to avoid.

Confusing with 'ریختن' (To Pour): While 'pour' and 'flow' are related, ریختن is often used for the act of pouring a glass of water or the falling of rain. جاری شدن implies a continuous movement along a surface or channel. You 'pour' (می‌ریزید) tea, but the river 'flows' (جاری می‌شود).
Using it for Wind: In English, we say air 'flows'. In Persian, wind 'blows' (وزیدن). Saying 'باد جاری شد' sounds strange to a native speaker. Use وزیدن for air and جاری شدن for liquids.
The 'Traffic' Error: English speakers often try to translate 'traffic flow' literally. While 'جریان ترافیک' (traffic flow - noun) exists, saying 'ترافیک جاری شد' to mean traffic started moving is unnatural. Use 'ترافیک روان شد' instead.

To expand your Persian vocabulary, it is helpful to compare جاری شدن with its synonyms and related terms. Each has a specific nuance that changes the tone of your sentence.

روان شدن (Ravān shodan): Very similar to 'جاری شدن', but often implies a 'smoothness' or 'ease' of flow. It is frequently used for traffic or for someone starting to speak a language fluently. 'He became fluent' (زبانش روان شد).
سرازیر شدن (Sarāzir shodan): This literally means 'to flow downwards' or 'to pour down'. Use this when the slope is the main feature, such as water coming down a mountain or a crowd pouring into a stadium.
جریان داشتن (Jarayān dāshtan): This means 'to be in flow' or 'to be ongoing'. While 'جاری شدن' focuses on the start or the act of flowing, 'جریان داشتن' focuses on the continuous state. 'The river flows' (رودخانه جریان دارد).

In more formal or poetic contexts, you might see فیضان کردن (to overflow/emanate) or سیلان یافتن (to flow/stream). These are advanced C1/C2 level words that you will mostly encounter in classical literature or mystical texts like the works of Rumi or Hafez.

How Formal Is It?

Formal

"مراسم عقد شرعی جاری گشت."

Neutral

"آب در رودخانه جاری است."

Informal

"اشکش راه افتاد و جاری شد."

Child friendly

"ببین چطور آب توی جوی جاری می‌شه!"

Slang

"کلماتش همین‌جوری جاری بود."

Fun Fact

The word 'Jāri' in Persian also means 'sister-in-law' (brother's wife) in some dialects/contexts, but this is a completely different homonym with a different origin!

Pronunciation Guide

UK /dʒɒːriː ʃodæn/

US /dʒɑːriː ʃodæn/

The stress is typically on the last syllable of the first word: jā-RĪ, and the last syllable of the auxiliary: sho-DÁN.

Rhymes With

ساری شدن (Sāri shodan) کاری شدن (Kāri shodan) عاری شدن (Āri shodan) باری شدن (Bāri shodan) تاری شدن (Tāri shodan) زاری شدن (Zāri shodan) ناری شدن (Nāri shodan) خواری شدن (Khwāri shodan)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'j' as 'y' (Yari shodan is wrong).
Shortening the long 'ā' to a short 'a' (Jari instead of Jāri).
Misplacing stress on the first syllable of shodan.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts due to the common word 'shodan'.

Writing 4/5

Requires knowledge of compound verb conjugation and prepositions.

Speaking 4/5

Learners must remember not to use it for traffic or wind.

Listening 3/5

Clearly pronounced and common in news/media.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

آب شدن رودخانه اشک حرکت

Learn Next

جریان روان شدن سرازیر شدن وزیدن باریدن

Advanced

فیضان سیلان تراوش انعقاد

Grammar to Know

Compound Verbs with 'Shodan'

جاری شدن، بیدار شدن، بزرگ شدن

Preposition 'Az' for Source

از کوه جاری شد.

Preposition 'Dar' for Medium

در رودخانه جاری شد.

Subjunctive with 'Shodan'

باید جاری شود.

Passive Voice (Formal)

جاری گردید.

Examples by Level

آب در جوی جاری شد.

Water flowed in the stream.

Simple past tense of a compound verb.

رودخانه جاری است.

The river is flowing.

Using 'ast' (is) with the adjective 'jari'.

آب سرد جاری می‌شود.

Cold water flows.

Present tense.

آیا آب جاری است؟

Is the water flowing?

Question form.

آب اینجا جاری نمی‌شود.

Water does not flow here.

Negative present tense.

باران جاری شد.

The rain flowed (as runoff).

Past tense.

جوی آب جاری بود.

The stream was flowing.

Past continuous state.

آب پاک جاری است.

Pure water is flowing.

Adjective-noun agreement.

اشک از چشمانش جاری شد.

Tears flowed from her eyes.

Emotional usage.

خون از دستش جاری شد.

Blood flowed from his hand.

Medical/Physical usage.

برف‌ها ذوب شدند و آب جاری شد.

The snow melted and water flowed.

Cause and effect sentence.

چشمه در کوه جاری شد.

The spring flowed in the mountain.

Locative 'dar'.

بعد از طوفان، سیل جاری شد.

After the storm, a flood flowed.

Noun 'seyl' (flood).

آب گرم جاری می‌شود.

Hot water flows.

Simple present.

اشک‌های شادی جاری شدند.

Tears of joy flowed.

Plural subject-verb agreement.

رودخانه دوباره جاری شد.

The river flowed again.

Adverb 'dobāre' (again).

نهر کوچکی در میان باغ جاری است.

A small brook is flowing in the middle of the garden.

Use of 'nahar' (brook).

با گرم شدن هوا، رودخانه‌های فصلی جاری می‌شوند.

With the warming of the weather, seasonal rivers start to flow.

Gerund construction 'bā garm shodan'.

کلمات به زیبایی بر زبان شاعر جاری شدند.

Words flowed beautifully on the poet's tongue.

Metaphorical usage.

برق در مدار جاری شد.

Electricity flowed in the circuit.

Technical usage.

او اجازه نداد اشکش جاری شود.

He didn't let his tears flow.

Subjunctive mood 'shavad'.

سیلاب در دشت جاری شده است.

The floodwater has flowed into the plain.

Present perfect tense.

زمانی که شیر آب را باز کرد، آب گل‌آلود جاری شد.

When he opened the tap, muddy water flowed.

Complex sentence with 'zamāni ke'.

محبت در قلب او جاری شد.

Kindness flowed in his heart.

Abstract usage.

صیغه عقد بین آن‌ها جاری شد.

The marriage contract was recited between them.

Legal/Religious specific usage.

خون تازه‌ای در رگ‌های اقتصاد جاری شده است.

Fresh blood has flowed into the veins of the economy.

Advanced metaphor.

اشک حسرت بر رخسارش جاری گشت.

Tears of regret flowed on his face.

Formal 'gasht' instead of 'shod'.

اطلاعات به سرعت در شبکه جاری می‌شود.

Information flows quickly through the network.

Modern technical usage.

قوانین جدید از ماه آینده جاری خواهند شد.

New laws will be in effect (flow) from next month.

Usage meaning 'to be enacted'.

نور خورشید در اتاق جاری بود.

Sunlight was flowing in the room.

Descriptive imagery.

او با جاری شدن اشک‌هایش، آرام شد.

With the flowing of her tears, she became calm.

Using the infinitive as a noun.

موسیقی در فضای تالار جاری شد.

Music flowed through the hall atmosphere.

Sensory description.

چشمه‌ی حکمت از سخنان پیر جاری بود.

The spring of wisdom was flowing from the elder's words.

Highly metaphorical/literary.

در این اثر، حسی از تعلیق جاری است.

In this work, a sense of suspense flows.

Abstract literary criticism.

خون شهیدان در رگ‌های تاریخ جاری است.

The blood of martyrs flows in the veins of history.

Political/Ideological rhetoric.

جویبارهای معرفت در اندیشه‌ی او جاری گشتند.

Streams of knowledge flowed in his thoughts.

Philosophical usage.

رحمت الهی بر بندگان جاری می‌شود.

Divine mercy flows upon the servants.

Theological context.

با هر تپش قلب، زندگی در اندام‌ها جاری می‌گردد.

With every heartbeat, life flows through the limbs.

Formal 'mi-gardad'.

سیل جمعیت به سوی میدان جاری شد.

A flood of people flowed toward the square.

Metaphor for people movement.

واژگان با صلابت از قلمش جاری می‌شدند.

Words flowed with firmness from his pen.

Literary description.

فیضان وجود در کالبد جهان جاری گشته است.

The emanation of being has flowed into the body of the universe.

Ontological/Philosophical.

در بطن این اشعار، روحی قدسی جاری است.

In the heart of these poems, a sacred spirit flows.

Mystical literary analysis.

جریان سیال ذهن در رمان او جاری است.

The stream of consciousness flows in his novel.

Technical literary term.

عدالت باید در تمام ارکان جامعه جاری شود.

Justice must flow through all pillars of society.

Sociopolitical ideal.

انرژی حیاتی در چاکراهای او جاری بود.

Vital energy was flowing in his chakras.

Esoteric usage.

زمزمه‌ی رود در جان طبیعت جاری گشت.

The murmur of the river flowed into the soul of nature.

Personification.

حقیقت در ژرفای کلامش جاری است.

Truth flows in the depths of his speech.

Metaphysical usage.

طنین موسیقی در رگ‌های زمان جاری شد.

The resonance of music flowed in the veins of time.

Surrealist metaphor.

Common Collocations

سیل جاری شدن

اشک جاری شدن

خون جاری شدن

صیغه جاری شدن

آب جاری

رودخانه جاری

جریان جاری

کلمات جاری شدن

برق جاری شدن

رحمت جاری شدن

Common Phrases

آب جاری

— Running water (as opposed to stagnant water).

آب جاری پاک است.

اشک شوق جاری شدن

— Tears of joy flowing.

با دیدن فرزندش، اشک شوق جاری شد.

خون به پا شدن/جاری شدن

— To have a bloodbath or heavy casualties.

در آن جنگ خون‌های زیادی جاری شد.

جاری و ساری

— Flowing and ongoing (idiomatic pair).

این رسم هنوز در روستا جاری و ساری است.

نهر جاری

— A flowing stream.

صدای نهر جاری آرامش‌بخش است.

قانون جاری

— The current/existing law.

طبق قانون جاری، این کار ممنوع است.

حساب جاری

— Checking account (current account).

من در این بانک حساب جاری دارم.

سال جاری

— The current year.

در سال جاری قیمت‌ها بالا رفت.

ماه جاری

— The current month.

او در ماه جاری به سفر می‌رود.

جاری شدن بر زبان

— To be spoken (usually spontaneously).

نام او ناخودآگاه بر زبانم جاری شد.

Often Confused With

جاری شدن vs وزیدن

Used for wind, while جاری شدن is for liquids.

جاری شدن vs باریدن

Used for rain falling from the sky, while جاری شدن is for rain moving on the ground.

جاری شدن vs پاشیدن

Used for splashing or spraying, not a continuous flow.

Idioms & Expressions

"مثل رود جاری بودن"

— To be unstoppable and continuous.

زندگی مثل رود جاری است.

Poetic

"خونش جاری شد"

— He was wounded or killed.

در راه وطن خونش جاری شد.

Formal/Patriotic

"چشمه‌ی معرفت جاری شدن"

— To gain or spread deep spiritual knowledge.

در محضر استاد، چشمه‌های معرفت جاری شد.

Mystical

"نهر عسل جاری شدن"

— To describe paradise or extreme abundance.

در بهشت نهرهای عسل جاری است.

Religious

"اشک تمساح جاری کردن"

— To cry crocodile tears (fake sorrow).

او فقط اشک تمساح جاری می‌کند.

Informal

"کلام حق جاری شدن"

— For the truth to be spoken.

بالاخره کلام حق بر زبانش جاری شد.

Formal

"جاری شدن سیل جمعیت"

— A massive movement of people.

سیل جمعیت به سمت استادیوم جاری شد.

Journalistic

"برکت جاری شدن"

— For blessings to manifest.

با آمدن او، برکت در خانه جاری شد.

Cultural

"قلم جاری شدن"

— To write fluently or effortlessly.

قلمش بر کاغذ جاری شد و داستانی نوشت.

Literary

"جاری شدن حکم"

— For a sentence/verdict to be carried out.

حکم دادگاه جاری شد.

Legal

Easily Confused

جاری شدن vs جاری (Jāri)

Homonym meaning 'sister-in-law'.

The meaning is determined entirely by context. If it's about a person, it's the relative; if it's about water/verb, it's 'flowing'.

جاریِ من (my sister-in-law) vs آبِ جاری (flowing water).

جاری شدن vs روان (Ravān)

Both mean 'flowing'.

Ravān is used for traffic and mental state/fluency. Jāri is more for physical liquids and laws.

ترافیک روان است.

جاری شدن vs جریان (Jarayān)

Noun form of the verb.

Jarayān is 'a flow/current' (noun), while Jāri shodan is 'to flow' (verb).

جریانِ آب تند است.

جاری شدن vs سرازیر (Sarāzir)

Both involve liquid movement.

Sarāzir specifically emphasizes the downward slope or overflow.

آب از کوه سرازیر شد.

جاری شدن vs ریختن (Rikhtan)

General word for liquid movement.

Rikhtan can mean 'to spill' or 'to pour', whereas Jāri shodan is a steady flow.

چای را در استکان ریخت.

Sentence Patterns

[Water Source] جاری شد.

آب جاری شد.

اشک از [Eyes] جاری شد.

اشک از چشمش جاری شد.

[Liquid] در [Place] جاری می‌شود.

آب در جوی جاری می‌شود.

بعد از [Event], [Flood] جاری شد.

بعد از باران، سیل جاری شد.

صیغه عقد [Between People] جاری شد.

صیغه بین آن‌ها جاری شد.

[Abstract Concept] در [Medium] جاری است.

معرفت در کلامش جاری است.

[Liquid] بر [Surface] جاری گشت.

خون بر زمین جاری گشت.

[Metaphorical Flow] در کالبد [Entity] جاری است.

روح در کالبد جهان جاری است.

Word Family

Nouns

Verbs

Adjectives

How to Use It

frequency

Very common in both daily speech and formal media.

Common Mistakes

ترافیک جاری شد → ترافیک روان شد
Jāri is for liquids, Ravān is for traffic flow.
باد جاری است → باد می‌وزد
Wind blows (vazidan), it doesn't flow like water.
آب جاری کرد → آب را روانه کرد / ریخت
Jāri shodan is intransitive. You don't 'flow' something; it flows by itself.
اشک جاری کرد → اشک ریخت
Usually, tears flow (jāri mishavand) rather than someone 'flowing' them.
او جاری است → او روان صحبت می‌کند
Don't use 'jāri' for a person being fluent; use 'ravān'.

Tips

Think Liquid

Always prioritize this verb for things that are liquid or act like liquid.

Marriage Context

Remember its importance in weddings; it's the moment the deal is sealed.

Compound Verb

Treat it as one unit, but only conjugate the 'shodan' part.

Poetic Touch

Use it for tears instead of 'rikhtan' to sound more elegant.

Not for Wind

Don't use it for air/wind; use 'vazidan' instead.

Related Nouns

Learn 'Jarayān' (current) alongside this verb to double your power.

News Keyword

If you hear 'seyl' (flood), listen for 'jāri shod' right after.

The Long A

Don't forget the 'alif' (ا) in 'jāri'; it's a long vowel.

Smooth Transition

Practice saying 'jāri mishavad' quickly as one thought.

Current Affairs

Use 'sāl-e jāri' for 'the current year' in formal reports.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of a 'Jar' of water 'e' (Jari) being poured out so it can 'flow'.

Visual Association

Visualize a blue river flowing through a green valley, with the word 'Jāri' written in the water.

Word Web

Water River Tears Current Electricity Law Movement Liquid

Challenge

Try to use 'جاری شدن' in three sentences today: one about nature, one about emotions, and one about the current year (using the adjective form).

Word Origin

Derived from the Arabic root 'J-R-Y' (جری) meaning to run or flow. It was adopted into Persian and combined with the Persian auxiliary 'shodan'.

Original meaning: To run, to move quickly, to flow.

Arabic root, Indo-European auxiliary (Persian).

Cultural Context

No specific sensitivities, but 'khun jāri shodan' (blood flowing) is a very strong and potentially upsetting image in news contexts.

English speakers might use 'flow' for traffic, but Persian uses 'ravān shodan'. Be careful not to mix them.

The poem 'Sound of Water's Footsteps' by Sohrab Sepehri. The concept of 'Jarayān-e Roshan-fekri' (Intellectual Flow/Movement) in Iran. Classical songs like 'Rūdhā-ye Jāri'.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Weather Report

احتمال جاری شدن سیل
جاری شدن روان‌آب
طغیان رودخانه
بارندگی شدید

Wedding

خطبه عقد
جاری شدن صیغه
محرمیت
عقدکنان

Nature

آب چشمه
مسیر رودخانه
ذوب شدن برف
جوی آب

Literature

اشک غم
کلام عشق
چشمه معرفت
جریان زندگی

Science

جریان الکتریسیته
مدار بسته
جریان خون
فشار مایع

Conversation Starters

"آیا در شهر شما رودخانه‌ای جاری است؟"

"آخرین باری که برای یک فیلم اشکت جاری شد، کی بود؟"

"در مورد جاری شدن صیغه عقد در ایران چه می‌دانید؟"

"آیا سیل در منطقه شما زیاد جاری می‌شود؟"

"چگونه می‌توانیم جریان زندگی را در خود جاری کنیم؟"

Journal Prompts

در مورد زمانی بنویسید که کلمات به راحتی بر زبانتان جاری شدند.

منظره‌ای را توصیف کنید که در آن یک رودخانه جاری است.

تفاوت بین جاری شدن اشک شوق و اشک غم را بنویسید.

اگر یک قانون جدید در کشورتان جاری شود، دوست دارید چه باشد؟

نقش آب جاری در زیبایی محیط زیست چیست؟

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

No, it's better to use 'روان شدن'. 'جاری شدن' is almost exclusively for liquids or abstract concepts like words and laws.

No, 'جاری' is an adjective meaning 'current' or 'flowing'. It becomes a verb only when paired with 'شدن', 'بودن', or 'گشتن'.

You can say 'این قانون جاری است' or 'این قانون اجرا می‌شود'.

The most common opposites are 'ایستادن' (to stop) or 'خشک شدن' (to dry up).

Yes, in a technical sense, electricity 'flows' (جاری می‌شود) in a circuit.

It means the marriage contract was officially recited, making the couple legally/spiritually married.

Yes, 'عرق جاری شد' (sweat flowed) is common when describing someone working hard or being nervous.

It refers to 'running water', which is important in Persian culture for cleanliness and religious rituals.

Yes, 'جریان ایده‌ها' or 'جاری شدن فکرها' is a perfectly acceptable metaphorical use.

It is 'جاری نشد' (It did not flow).