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Vocabulary
نظارت داشتن

B2 verb 9 min read

نظارت داشتن

nazarat dashtan

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips نظارت داشتن in 30 Seconds

Explanation نظارت داشتن in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'نظارت داشتن' (nezārat dāshtan) is quite advanced. However, you can think of it as a very formal way of saying 'I look at something to make sure it is okay.' Imagine you are a big brother watching your little sister play. You are 'watching' her. In Persian, if you were in a job, you would use this word. For now, just remember that 'نظارت' means 'looking with a job to do.' It's like being a 'looker' who is also a 'helper.' You might see it on signs in a park or school. It's a 'grown-up' word for 'looking.' Don't worry about using it in your daily life yet, but know that when you see it, someone is 'watching over' something important. It's like a superhero watching a city!

At the A2 level, you start to learn about jobs and responsibilities. 'نظارت داشتن' is a word you use when you talk about a manager or a teacher. If a teacher is watching students during a test, they have 'نظارت.' You can use it in simple sentences like 'The teacher has oversight over the class' (معلم بر کلاس نظارت دارد). Remember the small word 'بر' (bar) – it means 'on' or 'over.' You use it after the person and before the thing they are watching. It's a useful word if you want to sound more professional when talking about your work or your chores at home. It means you are not just looking; you are making sure everything is correct.

At the B1 level, you can use 'نظارت داشتن' to describe more complex social and professional situations. You might talk about how the government 'oversees' the economy or how a company 'monitors' its employees. You should be able to conjugate this verb in the past and future. For example, 'Next year, I will have oversight over this project' (سال آینده، من بر این پروژه نظارت خواهم داشت). You also learn that this word is better than 'کنترل کردن' when you want to emphasize 'watching and checking' rather than 'giving orders.' It's a key word for discussing news, social issues, and office work. You are moving from simple observation to formal responsibility.

At the B2 level, 'نظارت داشتن' is a core part of your vocabulary for formal discussions. You understand the nuance of 'regulatory oversight' and 'accountability.' You can use it to talk about international organizations like the UN or the IAEA. You know that 'نظارت' implies a legal or structural framework. You can use adjectives like 'مستمر' (continuous), 'دقیق' (precise), or 'عالیه' (supreme) to describe the type of oversight. You are comfortable using it in the subjunctive mood to express necessity: 'It is necessary that we have oversight over the budget.' You also recognize the noun 'ناظر' (supervisor/observer) and can use the two together to describe roles and functions in a complex system.

At the C1 level, you use 'نظارت داشتن' with precision in academic and legal contexts. You understand the difference between 'نظارت استصوابی' (approbatory oversight) and 'نظارت استطلاعی' (informative oversight), which are critical terms in Iranian constitutional law. You can debate the ethics of 'نظارت بر فضای مجازی' (internet monitoring) and use the word to describe complex mechanisms of checks and balances in governance. Your use of the word is idiomatic and integrated with other high-level terms like 'شفافیت' (transparency) and 'پاسخگویی' (accountability). You can analyze how 'نظارت' functions as a tool for both safety and social control in various historical and political contexts.

At the C2 level, 'نظارت داشتن' is a tool for nuanced philosophical and socio-political analysis. You can discuss the 'panopticon' effect of 'نظارت' in modern societies or the theological implications of 'نظارت الهی' (divine oversight). You use the word in high-level literary or bureaucratic Persian without hesitation, matching it with complex syntax and rare synonyms like 'اشراف' or 'تولیت.' You can draft formal reports or legal critiques where 'نظارت' is the central theme, defining its scope, limitations, and jurisdictional boundaries with absolute clarity. You understand the deepest etymological roots and how the concept of 'looking' has evolved into a pillar of modern administrative law.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

نظارت داشتن in 30 Seconds

Nezārat dāshtan means to have oversight or supervision over a process or people.
It is a formal compound verb used in business, law, and administration.
It requires the preposition 'bar' (over/on) to link to the object being overseen.
It differs from simple watching by implying a duty to ensure standards are met.

The Persian verb نظارت داشتن (nezārat dāshtan) is a sophisticated compound verb that translates most accurately to 'to have oversight,' 'to supervise,' or 'to monitor' in English. It is composed of the noun نظارت (nezārat), which comes from the Arabic root ن-ظ-ر (N-Z-R) relating to sight, vision, and looking, combined with the auxiliary verb داشتن (dāshtan), meaning 'to have.' Unlike simple 'looking' (دیدن), this term implies a position of authority and responsibility where one is not just observing, but ensuring that a process, project, or person adheres to specific standards, laws, or guidelines. It is a fundamental term in Persian administrative, legal, and professional discourse. When you use this word, you are describing a formal relationship where one entity holds the power to evaluate and correct the actions of another. It is common in business contexts when discussing management, in political contexts when discussing government accountability, and in educational contexts when discussing examination proctoring.

Formal Context: Used in official reports and legal documents to define the jurisdiction of a regulatory body.
Managerial Context: Describes the act of a manager overseeing the daily operations of a team to ensure productivity.
Technical Context: Refers to monitoring data or technical systems to maintain stability and security.

شورای نگهبان بر فرآیند انتخابات نظارت دارد.
(The Guardian Council has oversight over the election process.)

مدیر پروژه باید بر تمام مراحل کار نظارت داشته باشد.
(The project manager must have oversight over all stages of the work.)

In everyday life, you might hear this word when people talk about parenting (parental supervision) or when discussing how the government monitors the price of goods in the market. It carries a sense of vigilance. It is different from 'control' (کنترل کردن) because 'نظارت' focuses more on the act of watching and verifying rather than the direct manipulation of the object. However, in many contexts, the two are used interchangeably to imply full management. For a B2 learner, understanding the nuance of 'oversight' versus 'simple watching' is key. It implies a 'duty' to watch. If you 'نظارت دارید,' and something goes wrong, you might be held responsible for not catching the error. This makes it a high-stakes verb in professional Persian.

والدین باید بر فعالیت‌های آنلاین فرزندان خود نظارت داشته باشند.
(Parents should have oversight over their children's online activities.)

بانک مرکزی بر تراکنش‌های مالی نظارت دقیقی دارد.
(The Central Bank has close oversight over financial transactions.)

این سازمان بر کیفیت مواد غذایی نظارت می‌کند.
(This organization monitors/supervises the quality of food products.)

Using نظارت داشتن correctly requires understanding its prepositional structure. In Persian, you have oversight *on* or *over* something, which is expressed using the preposition بر (bar). The standard formula is: [Subject] + [Preposition: بر] + [Object] + [نظارت داشتن]. For example, 'The teacher oversees the exam' becomes 'معلم بر امتحان نظارت دارد' (Mo'allem bar emtehān nezārat dārad). It is crucial to use 'بر' rather than 'به' or other prepositions, although in casual speech, you might occasionally hear 'روی' (ru-ye), which is less formal. The verb 'داشتن' is conjugated normally according to the subject and tense. If you want to say 'I had oversight,' you would say 'نظارت داشتم.' If you want to say 'They will have oversight,' you would use 'نظارت خواهند داشت.'

Present Tense: من بر کارها نظارت دارم. (I have oversight over the tasks.)
Past Tense: او بر ساخت و ساز نظارت داشت. (He/She had oversight over the construction.)
Subjunctive (Necessity): ما باید بر هزینه‌ها نظارت داشته باشیم. (We must have oversight over the costs.)

دولت باید بر قیمت‌ها نظارت مستمر داشته باشد.
(The government must have continuous oversight over prices.)

چه کسی بر عملکرد این شرکت نظارت دارد؟
(Who has oversight over this company's performance?)

In more complex sentences, 'نظارت داشتن' can be used as part of a relative clause. For instance, 'The committee that oversees the project' is 'کمیته‌ای که بر پروژه نظارت دارد.' Note how the preposition 'بر' stays linked to the object being overseen. In academic writing, you will often see the noun form 'تحت نظارت' (under the oversight/supervision of). For example, 'This research was conducted under the supervision of Dr. Ahmadi' would be 'این تحقیق تحت نظارت دکتر احمدی انجام شد.' While this uses the noun, it is part of the same conceptual family as the verb 'نظارت داشتن.' As you reach B2 level, try to use 'نظارت داشتن' instead of the simpler 'دیدن' or 'چک کردن' to sound more professional and precise in your Persian communication.

مهندسان بر ایمنی ساختمان نظارت کامل داشتند.
(The engineers had full oversight over the building's safety.)

آیا شما بر نحوه توزیع کالاها نظارت می‌کنید؟
(Do you supervise/monitor the way goods are distributed?)

پلیس بر ترافیک جاده‌ها نظارت دارد.
(The police have oversight over road traffic.)

You will encounter نظارت داشتن in several key domains of Iranian and Persian-speaking life. The most common place is in the news. Whenever there is an election, a change in market prices, or a new government regulation, news anchors will use this word to describe which body is responsible for 'oversight.' For instance, the 'Central Insurance of Iran' (بیمه مرکزی) has 'نظارت' over insurance companies. Secondly, you will hear it in the workplace. If you are working in an Iranian company, your boss might say they need to 'نظارت داشته باشند' over a specific project to ensure it meets the deadline. It is also a key term in the construction industry, where a 'مهندس ناظر' (supervising engineer) is a legally required role to ensure buildings are safe.

News & Media: Reporting on government accountability and regulatory actions.
Corporate Environment: Discussing management hierarchies and project auditing.
Legal & Judiciary: Defining the powers of courts and inspectors.

اخبار اعلام کرد که سازمان بازرسی بر قراردادها نظارت خواهد داشت.
(The news announced that the Inspection Organization will have oversight over the contracts.)

در این پروژه، من مستقیماً بر کار تیم نظارت دارم.
(In this project, I directly oversee the team's work.)

Furthermore, in the context of international relations, you might hear this word regarding nuclear inspections or human rights monitoring. The 'International Atomic Energy Agency' (IAEA) is often described as having 'نظارت' over nuclear facilities. In social media and digital rights discussions, Iranians often talk about 'نظارت بر فضای مجازی' (oversight/monitoring of cyberspace), a topic of significant public debate. Understanding this word allows you to engage with these high-level discussions. It moves your Persian beyond 'I want food' to 'I am analyzing how power and accountability function in society.' Whether you are reading a contract or listening to a speech by a public official, 'نظارت داشتن' is a marker of formal, structured activity.

آژانس بین‌المللی انرژی اتمی بر فعالیت‌های هسته‌ای نظارت می‌کند.
(The IAEA monitors/supervises nuclear activities.)

بسیاری از مردم نگران نظارت بر اینترنت هستند.
(Many people are concerned about internet monitoring/oversight.)

استاد راهنما بر روند تحقیق نظارت دقیق دارد.
(The supervisor has close oversight over the research process.)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with نظارت داشتن is using the wrong preposition. Because 'oversight' in English is often followed by 'of' or 'over,' learners might try to use the Persian equivalent of 'of' (ezāfe) or 'to' (به). However, 'نظارت داشتن' almost exclusively takes the preposition بر (bar). Saying 'نظارتِ پروژه' instead of 'نظارت بر پروژه' is a grammatical error. Another common mistake is confusing 'نظارت' (oversight) with 'انتظار' (waiting) or 'نظر' (opinion). While they share the same root (N-Z-R), their meanings are vastly different. 'نظارت' is a formal activity, whereas 'نظر' is a personal perspective. Using 'نظر داشتن' (to have an opinion/intention) when you mean 'نظارت داشتن' (to supervise) can lead to significant confusion in a professional setting.

Preposition Error: Mistake: نظارت به کارها (Nezārat be kārhā). Correct: نظارت بر کارها (Nezārat bar kārhā).
Verb Confusion: Mistake: استفاده از 'دیدن' برای مدیریت. Correct: استفاده از 'نظارت داشتن' برای بیان مسئولیت.
Noun vs Verb: Mistake: من نظارت هستم. Correct: من نظارت دارم (یا من ناظر هستم).

غلط: او نظارتِ تیم را دارد.
درست: او بر تیم نظارت دارد.
(Correct: He has oversight over the team.)

Additionally, learners sometimes forget to conjugate the auxiliary verb 'داشتن' correctly in compound forms. For example, in the negative, the 'نـ' (na-) prefix goes on 'داشتن' (نظارت ندارد), not on 'نظارت.' Also, in formal writing, avoid using 'نظارت داشتن' for very casual observation. If you are just watching a movie, don't say 'بر فیلم نظارت دارم'! This word is reserved for situations involving authority and standards. Finally, be careful with the word 'کنترل' (control). While 'نظارت' is a type of control, 'کنترل کردن' usually implies more direct, hands-on intervention, whereas 'نظارت داشتن' can be more about high-level auditing and verification. Mixing these up can change the perceived level of involvement in a task.

غلط: من بر تلویزیون نظارت دارم.
درست: من تلویزیون تماشا می‌کنم.
(Context: Use 'watch' for TV, not 'supervise' unless you're a media censor!)

اشتباه متداول: نظارت کردن به...
شکل صحیح: نظارت بر...
(Common mistake: supervision TO... Correct: supervision OVER...)

غلط: او بر من نظارتِ زیاد دارد.
درست: او بر من نظارت دقیقی دارد.
(Better phrasing: Use 'close' or 'precise' instead of 'much' for oversight.)

Persian has several words related to supervision, each with its own flavor. Understanding these will help you choose the right word for the right situation. The most direct alternative to نظارت داشتن is سرپرستی کردن (sarparasti kardan). While 'نظارت' is about oversight and checking, 'سرپرستی' is more about 'guardianship' or 'leadership' of a group. You might have 'نظارت' over a project's finances, but you provide 'سرپرستی' to the people working on it. Another related word is مدیریت کردن (modiriyat kardan), which means 'to manage.' This is a broader term that includes planning, organizing, and leading, whereas 'نظارت' is specifically the checking and monitoring phase of management.

نظارت داشتن vs. کنترل کردن: 'نظارت' is monitoring and auditing; 'کنترل' is more about direct command and regulation of flow.
نظارت داشتن vs. پایش کردن: 'پایش' (pāyesh) is the modern technical term for 'monitoring' (like monitoring a server or environment).
نظارت داشتن vs. بازرسی کردن: 'بازرسی' (bāzrasi) is 'inspection.' It is usually a one-time or periodic event, while 'نظارت' is often ongoing.

او سرپرستی بخش فروش را بر عهده دارد.
(He is in charge of/supervising the sales department.)

ما باید وضعیت بازار را پایش کنیم.
(We must monitor/track the market situation.)

For very formal situations, you might encounter اشراف داشتن (eshrāf dāshtan). This means 'to have a commanding view' or 'to be fully cognizant/in control' of a situation. It implies a higher level of mastery than just 'نظارت.' For example, a general has 'اشراف' over the battlefield. On the other hand, if you want to say someone is just 'keeping an eye on' something informally, you can use the phrase چشم از چیزی برنداشتن (not taking one's eyes off something) or مواظب بودن (to be careful/watchful). In academic settings, the term راهنمایی کردن (to guide) is used for PhD supervisors, though the process itself is still 'نظارت.' Choosing among these synonyms shows that you understand the hierarchical and functional nuances of Persian society.

مدیر بر تمامی جزئیات طرح اشراف کامل دارد.
(The manager has full mastery/command over all details of the plan.)

لطفاً مواظب کیف من باش.
(Please watch/look after my bag.)

کارشناسان به بازرسی از کارخانه پرداختند.
(The experts proceeded to inspect the factory.)

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The root N-Z-R is also the source of the word 'Nazar,' which refers to the 'Evil Eye' in many Middle Eastern cultures. So, 'nezārat' (supervision) and 'nazar' (the gaze/evil eye) are linguistic cousins!

Pronunciation Guide

UK /ne.zɒː.ɾæt dɒːʃ.tæn/

US /ne.zɑː.ræt dɑːʃ.tæn/

The primary stress in 'nezārat' is on the second syllable (-rāt). In 'dāshtan', the stress is on the first syllable (dāsh-).

Rhymes With

عبارت (ebārat) بشارت (beshārat) تجارت (tejārat) حقارت (heqārat) جسارت (jesārat) مهارت (mahārat) وزارت (vezārat) زیارت (ziyārat)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'nezārat' as 'nazarat' (opinion/view).
Using a short 'a' in 'dāshtan' like the English 'dash'. It must be a long 'ā'.
Forgetting the 't' sound at the end of 'nezārat'.
Merging the two words into one without a slight pause.
Confusing the 'z' sound (ذ) with a 'zh' or 'j' sound.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

Easy to recognize in newspapers and official documents due to its frequent use.

Writing 4/5

Requires correct preposition 'bar' and proper conjugation of 'dāshtan'.

Speaking 4/5

Can be confused with 'nazar dādan' or other similar sounding words.

Listening 3/5

Clear pronunciation usually makes it easy to catch in formal speech.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

داشتن (dāshtan) بر (bar) نظر (nazar) کار (kār) مدیر (modir)

Learn Next

بازرسی (bāzrasi) مسئولیت (mas'uliyat) پاسخگویی (pāsokh-gu'i) شفافیت (shaffāfiyat) قانون (qānun)

Advanced

استصوابی (estesvābi) استطلاعی (estetlā'i) اشراف (eshrāf) تولیت (tavaliyat) قیمومت (qaymumat)

Grammar to Know

Compound Verbs with 'Dāshtan'

نظارت داشتن، دوست داشتن، احتیاج داشتن.

Preposition 'Bar' for Direction/Oversight

نظارت بر، تسلط بر، پیروزی بر.

Subjunctive Mood for Necessity

باید نظارت داشته باشم (I must have oversight).

Ezāfe Construction with Nouns

نظارتِ دقیق (Close oversight).

Future Tense with 'Khāhad'

نظارت خواهد داشت (He/She will have oversight).

Examples by Level

من بر کار او نظارت دارم.

I have oversight over his work.

Simple present tense of 'dāshtan'.

مادر بر بازی بچه‌ها نظارت دارد.

The mother oversees the children's play.

Subject + bar + object + nezārat dārad.

او بر غذا نظارت دارد.

He oversees the food (cooking).

Using 'nezārat' for simple tasks.

ما بر کلاس نظارت داریم.

We have oversight over the class.

Plural subject 'mā'.

آیا شما بر این اتاق نظارت دارید؟

Do you have oversight over this room?

Question form.

پدر بر درس‌ها نظارت دارد.

Father oversees the lessons.

Formal word for a simple action.

آنها بر باغ نظارت دارند.

They oversee the garden.

Third person plural.

من باید بر کارها نظارت داشته باشم.

I must have oversight over the tasks.

Subjunctive with 'bāyad'.

مدیر بر کارمندان نظارت دارد.

The manager oversees the employees.

Professional context.

معلم بر امتحان نظارت داشت.

The teacher had oversight over the exam.

Past tense 'dāsht'.

پلیس بر خیابان‌ها نظارت دارد.

The police oversee the streets.

Public safety context.

ما بر کیفیت نان نظارت داریم.

We oversee the quality of the bread.

Quality control context.

او بر ورود و خروج نظارت می‌کند.

He monitors the entry and exit.

Using 'kardan' variant.

شما باید بر بودجه نظارت داشته باشید.

You must have oversight over the budget.

Financial context.

دولت بر قیمت گوشت نظارت دارد.

The government oversees the price of meat.

Economic context.

آیا کسی بر این پروژه نظارت دارد؟

Does anyone have oversight over this project?

Interrogative with 'kasi'.

شورای شهر بر ساخت ساختمان‌ها نظارت دارد.

The city council oversees the construction of buildings.

Administrative context.

او به عنوان سرپرست، بر تیم نظارت خواهد داشت.

As a supervisor, he will have oversight over the team.

Future tense 'khāhad dāsht'.

بانک بر تمام تراکنش‌ها نظارت دقیق دارد.

The bank has close oversight over all transactions.

Use of adjective 'daqiq'.

والدین باید بر رفتار فرزندان در فضای مجازی نظارت داشته باشند.

Parents must oversee children's behavior in cyberspace.

Modern social context.

این سازمان بر حفظ محیط زیست نظارت دارد.

This organization oversees environmental protection.

NGO/Institutional context.

ما قبلاً بر این بخش نظارت داشتیم.

We used to have oversight over this section.

Past continuous/habitual 'dāshtim'.

چه کسی بر توزیع عادلانه منابع نظارت می‌کند؟

Who oversees the fair distribution of resources?

Abstract social context.

او مسئولیت نظارت بر انبار را پذیرفت.

He accepted the responsibility of overseeing the warehouse.

Noun phrase 'nezārat bar'.

نهادهای نظارتی بر عملکرد وزرا نظارت دارند.

Regulatory bodies have oversight over the performance of ministers.

High-level political vocabulary.

این قرارداد تحت نظارت وکلای پایه یک تنظیم شده است.

This contract has been drafted under the oversight of senior lawyers.

Passive context with 'taht-e nezārat'.

باید بر فرآیند استخراج معادن نظارت بیشتری صورت گیرد.

More oversight must be conducted over the mining process.

Impersonal 'surat girad'.

آژانس بین‌المللی بر نیروگاه‌های هسته‌ای نظارت مستمر دارد.

The international agency has continuous oversight over nuclear power plants.

International relations context.

مدیریت ارشد بر استراتژی‌های بازاریابی نظارت مستقیم دارد.

Senior management has direct oversight over marketing strategies.

Corporate strategy context.

عدم نظارت کافی بر بازار منجر به تورم شد.

Lack of sufficient oversight over the market led to inflation.

Causal relationship sentence.

او بر اجرای دقیق پروتکل‌های بهداشتی نظارت داشت.

He had oversight over the precise implementation of health protocols.

Technical/Medical context.

شورای نگهبان بر تایید صلاحیت نامزدها نظارت می‌کند.

The Guardian Council oversees the qualification of candidates.

Constitutional law context.

نظارت استصوابی یکی از مفاهیم چالش‌برانگیز در حقوق اساسی است.

Approbatory oversight is one of the challenging concepts in constitutional law.

Technical legal term.

او بر تمامی جزئیات فنی و حقوقی پروژه اشراف و نظارت دارد.

He has mastery and oversight over all technical and legal details of the project.

Combining 'eshrāf' and 'nezārat'.

نظارت بر قدرت، ضامن بقای دموکراسی و حاکمیت قانون است.

Oversight of power is the guarantee for the survival of democracy and the rule of law.

Philosophical/Political statement.

سازمان‌های مردم‌نهاد بر رعایت حقوق بشر در زندان‌ها نظارت دارند.

NGOs oversee the observance of human rights in prisons.

Human rights context.

پژوهشگران بر پیامدهای بلندمدت تغییرات اقلیمی نظارت می‌کنند.

Researchers monitor the long-term consequences of climate change.

Scientific monitoring.

نظارت متمرکز دولت بر اقتصاد می‌تواند مانع از خلاقیت بخش خصوصی شود.

Centralized government oversight of the economy can hinder private sector creativity.

Economic theory context.

این کمیته بر حسن اجرای مصوبات هیئت مدیره نظارت دارد.

This committee oversees the proper implementation of board resolutions.

Corporate governance phrasing.

نظارت بر داده‌های بزرگ نیازمند الگوریتم‌های پیشرفته هوش مصنوعی است.

Oversight/Monitoring of Big Data requires advanced AI algorithms.

Technology/AI context.

تلاقی نظارت و حریم خصوصی در عصر دیجیتال به پارادوکسی غامض بدل شده است.

The intersection of oversight and privacy in the digital age has become a complex paradox.

Highly academic/philosophical.

نظارت عالیه مقام رهبری بر سیاست‌های کلی نظام در قانون اساسی تبیین شده است.

The supreme oversight of the Leadership over the general policies of the system is explained in the constitution.

Constitutional terminology.

فیلسوفان سیاسی بر لزوم نظارت همگانی بر نهادهای قدرت تاکید می‌ورزند.

Political philosophers emphasize the necessity of public oversight over institutions of power.

Political philosophy context.

این نهاد بر شفافیت مالی و جلوگیری از رانت‌خواری نظارت گسترده‌ای دارد.

This institution has extensive oversight over financial transparency and the prevention of rent-seeking.

Anti-corruption terminology.

نظارت بر فرآیندهای بیولوژیکی در سطح سلولی، مرزهای جدید علم پزشکی است.

Monitoring biological processes at the cellular level is the new frontier of medical science.

Advanced scientific context.

تعدیل نظارت‌های دولتی می‌تواند به پویایی بازارهای مالی کمک کند.

Modulating government oversight can help the dynamism of financial markets.

Economic policy context.

نظارت اخلاقی بر هوش مصنوعی مولد، ضرورتی اجتناب‌ناپذیر در جهان معاصر است.

Ethical oversight of generative AI is an unavoidable necessity in the contemporary world.

Cutting-edge ethics context.

او با اشراف کامل بر متون کلاسیک، بر تصحیح نسخ خطی نظارت داشت.

With complete mastery of classical texts, he oversaw the editing of manuscripts.

Literary/Historical context.

Synonyms

سرپرستی کردن کنترل کردن پایش کردن مدیریت کردن بازرسی کردن مراقب بودن اشراف داشتن رصد کردن

Antonyms

رها کردن غفلت کردن نادیده گرفتن بی‌توجهی کردن

Common Collocations

نظارت دقیق

نظارت مستمر

نظارت مستقیم

نهاد نظارتی

تحت نظارت

حق نظارت

نظارت عالیه

دستگاه‌های نظارتی

نظارت هوشمند

نظارت بین‌المللی

Common Phrases

نظارت بر اجرا

— Supervising the implementation of a plan or law.

او مسئول نظارت بر اجرای طرح است.

تحت نظارت بودن

— To be under supervision or monitoring.

بیمار تحت نظارت پزشک است.

اعمال نظارت

— To exercise or apply oversight.

دولت باید نظارت بیشتری اعمال کند.

نظارت بر قیمت‌ها

— Monitoring and controlling market prices.

نظارت بر قیمت‌ها در عید شدت می‌یابد.

نظارت بر کیفیت

— Quality control/supervision.

واحد نظارت بر کیفیت این محصول را تایید کرد.

نظارت بر امور

— Oversight of affairs/matters.

او بر تمام امور نظارت دارد.

نظارت بر انتخابات

— Election monitoring/oversight.

نظارت بر انتخابات بر عهده شورا است.

نظارت فنی

— Technical supervision.

این ساختمان نیاز به نظارت فنی دارد.

نظارت بر مرزها

— Border monitoring.

نظارت بر مرزها برای امنیت حیاتی است.

نظارت بر عملکرد

— Performance monitoring.

نظارت بر عملکرد کارمندان ماهانه انجام می‌شود.

Often Confused With

نظارت داشتن vs نظر داشتن

Means 'to have an opinion' or 'to have an intention.' Does not mean supervision.

نظارت داشتن vs انتظار داشتن

Means 'to expect' or 'to wait for.' Often confused by beginners due to the N-Z-R root.

نظارت داشتن vs نظافت کردن

Means 'to clean.' Sounds slightly similar but completely unrelated.

Idioms & Expressions

"زیر ذره‌بین داشتن"

— To have something under a magnifying glass; to monitor extremely closely.

پلیس تمام حرکات او را زیر ذره‌بین دارد.

Informal/Journalistic

"چشم از چیزی برنداشتن"

— To not take one's eyes off something; to monitor constantly.

او یک لحظه هم چشم از پروژه برنداشت.

General

"دمِ پرِ کسی را چیدن"

— Literally 'to clip someone's wings'; often used when oversight results in restricting someone's power.

با نظارت جدید، دمِ پرِ متخلفان چیده شد.

Idiomatic

"چهارچشمی مراقب بودن"

— To watch with four eyes; to be extremely vigilant.

باید چهارچشمی بر این کار نظارت داشته باشی.

Informal

"حساب و کتاب داشتن"

— To have accounting/order; implies that oversight is present and everything is tracked.

این شرکت حساب و کتاب دارد.

General

"موی را از ماست کشیدن"

— To pull a hair out of yogurt; to be incredibly meticulous in oversight/inspection.

او در نظارت بر بودجه، مو را از ماست می‌کشد.

Idiomatic

"افسار چیزی را در دست داشتن"

— To hold the reins of something; to have total control and oversight.

مدیر افسار کل پروژه را در دست دارد.

Metaphorical

"گوش به زنگ بودن"

— To be alert/listening for the bell; to be ready to intervene during monitoring.

تیم نظارت همیشه گوش به زنگ است.

General

"مچ کسی را گرفتن"

— To catch someone red-handed; the goal of some types of oversight.

نظارت دقیق باعث شد مچ دزد را بگیرند.

Informal

"آمار چیزی را داشتن"

— To have the 'stats' of something; to know exactly what is going on through monitoring.

او آمار تمام رفت و آمدهای شرکت را دارد.

Slang/Informal

Easily Confused

نظارت داشتن vs ناظر

It is the person who does the 'nezārat'.

'Nāzer' is a noun (supervisor), while 'nezārat dāshtan' is the verb (to supervise).

او ناظر پروژه است.

نظارت داشتن vs منظور

Shares the same root N-Z-R.

'Manzur' means purpose or intent, whereas 'nezārat' is oversight.

منظور من این نبود.

نظارت داشتن vs نظاره کردن

Also means to watch.

'Nezāre kardan' is more like 'to behold' or 'to gaze at' something beautiful or a scene, without the responsibility of oversight.

او به غروب خورشید نظاره می‌کرد.

نظارت داشتن vs بازرسی

Both involve checking.

'Bāzrasi' is inspection (often a specific event), while 'nezārat' is oversight (often ongoing).

بازرسی از کارخانه انجام شد.

نظارت داشتن vs سرپرستی

Both mean management.

'Sarparasti' is more about leading people; 'nezārat' is more about auditing a process.

او سرپرستی یتیمان را بر عهده گرفت.

Sentence Patterns

[Subject] بر [Object] نظارت دارد.

من بر کار نظارت دارم.

[Subject] باید بر [Object] نظارت داشته باشد.

مدیر باید بر تیم نظارت داشته باشد.

[Subject] بر [Object] نظارت [Adjective] دارد.

دولت بر قیمت‌ها نظارت دقیق دارد.

این [Project/Task] تحت نظارت [Person/Body] است.

این پروژه تحت نظارت مهندس است.

اعمال نظارت بر [Object] از وظایف [Subject] است.

اعمال نظارت بر بازار از وظایف وزارتخانه است.

نظارت عالیه بر [System] مستلزم [Requirement] است.

نظارت عالیه بر نظام مستلزم شفافیت است.

Mixed

با وجود نظارت بر [Object]، باز هم [Result].

با وجود نظارت بر هزینه‌ها، باز هم کسری بودجه داریم.

Mixed

چه کسی مسئولیت نظارت بر [Object] را دارد؟

چه کسی مسئولیت نظارت بر انبار را دارد؟

Word Family

Nouns

نظارت (nezārat) - oversight/supervision

ناظر (nāzer) - supervisor/observer

منظور (manzur) - purpose/intention

منظره (manzare) - view/scenery

نظریه (nazariye) - theory

Verbs

نظارت کردن (nezārat kardan) - to supervise (active)

نظر دادن (nazar dādan) - to give an opinion

انتظار داشتن (entezār dāshtan) - to expect

منظور داشتن (manzur dāshtan) - to intend

Adjectives

نظارتی (nezārati) - regulatory/supervisory

ناظر (nāzer) - supervising

نظری (nazari) - theoretical

بازرسی (bāzrasi)

کنترل (kontrol)

پایش (pāyesh)

سرپرستی (sarparasti)

حفاظت (hefāzat)

How to Use It

frequency

High in professional and news contexts; medium in daily casual conversation.

Common Mistakes

نظارت به پروژه (Nezārat be prože) → نظارت بر پروژه (Nezārat bar prože)
The verb 'nezārat dāshtan' always takes the preposition 'bar' (over/on), not 'be' (to).
من نظارت هستم (Man nezārat hastam) → من نظارت دارم (Man nezārat dāram)
You 'have' oversight; you aren't 'the oversight' itself. Alternatively, use 'Man nāzer hastam' (I am the supervisor).
نظارت کردن فیلم (Nezārat kardan-e film) → تماشا کردن فیلم (Tamāshā kardan-e film)
Using 'nezārat' for entertainment is incorrect. It implies you are auditing the movie for errors or censorship.
ننظارت دارم (Na-nezārat dāram) → نظارت ندارم (Nezārat nadāram)
In compound verbs, the negative prefix 'na-' or 'ma-' goes on the auxiliary verb (dāshtan), not the noun.
نظارت بر آدم‌ها (Nezārat bar ādam-hā) → سرپرستی آدم‌ها (Sarparasti-ye ādam-hā)
While grammatically okay, 'sarparasti' is much more common and natural when talking about supervising people's well-being.

Tips

Preposition Mastery

Always remember 'Bar' (بر). It's the bridge between the supervisor and the object. Without it, the sentence feels incomplete.

The N-Z-R Family

Learning the root N-Z-R helps you unlock dozens of words. Think of 'Nezārat' as the 'professional look'.

Sound Like a Pro

Use 'نظارت داشتن' in your resume or LinkedIn profile to describe your management experience in Persian.

Oversight vs. Control

Use 'Nezārat' for auditing and 'Kontrol' for active steering. This distinction is key for B2 learners.

The Eyes Have It

Associate 'Nezārat' with an eye (Nazar) that is also a hand (Dāshtan - to hold/have).

News Trigger

When you hear 'Shorā-ye Negahbān' (Guardian Council) on the news, listen for 'Nezārat' right after.

Adjective Placement

Place adjectives like 'Daqiq' (precise) right after 'Nezārat' but before 'Dāshtan'.

Compound Verb Stress

Stress the first part of 'Dāshtan' to make your Persian sound more natural.

Construction Context

If you are in engineering, 'Nezārat' is your most important legal word.

Political Awareness

Understanding 'Nezārat' is crucial for understanding how the Iranian government functions.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of a 'NAZER' (supervisor) who 'HAS' (dāshtan) his eyes on the 'NET' (nezārat). He is watching the net to make sure no fish escape!

Visual Association

Imagine a giant eye floating over a construction site. The eye is labeled 'نظارت' and it is 'holding' (داشتن) a clipboard.

Word Web

Oversight Supervision Monitoring Manager Regulation Inspection Accountability Authority

Challenge

Try to use 'نظارت داشتن' three times today: once for a family member's task, once for a news story you read, and once for your own work project.

Word Origin

The word 'نظارت' (nezārat) is an Arabic loanword derived from the root 'ن-ظ-ر' (N-Z-R). In Arabic, this root relates to the act of seeing, looking, or contemplating. The 'at' ending is a common Arabic suffix for abstract nouns. When it entered Persian, it was combined with the native Persian auxiliary verb 'داشتن' (dāshtan), which comes from Old Persian 'dāray-', meaning 'to hold' or 'to possess.'

Original meaning: The original meaning in Arabic was the act of looking or the quality of being a supervisor. In Persian, it evolved specifically into the administrative and legal concept of 'oversight.'

Afro-Asiatic (Arabic root) + Indo-European (Persian verb).

Cultural Context

Be aware that discussing 'nezārat' in a political context in Iran can be sensitive, as it relates to the powers of the state and the clergy.

In English-speaking corporate culture, 'oversight' is often seen as a necessary but sometimes bureaucratic layer. In Persian, it can carry a stronger sense of 'guardianship.'

The Guardian Council (شورای نگهبان) - The most famous 'nezārat' body in Iran. The Inspection Organization (سازمان بازرسی کل کشور) - A major body for administrative oversight. Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) - Often the subject of international oversight.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Workplace Management

نظارت بر عملکرد کارمندان
گزارش نظارتی ماهانه
مدیر ناظر
نظارت مستقیم

Government & Law

نظارت بر انتخابات
دستگاه‌های نظارتی
نظارت بر حسن اجرای قانون
شورای نظارت

Construction & Engineering

مهندس ناظر
نظارت بر کارگاه
تاییدیه نظارت
نظارت فنی ساختمان

Education & Research

استاد ناظر
نظارت بر پایان‌نامه
تحت نظارت استاد
نظارت بر آزمون

Technology & Security

نظارت بر شبکه
سیستم‌های نظارتی
نظارت تصویری (CCTV)
نظارت بر داده‌ها

Conversation Starters

"آیا در شرکت شما، مدیر بر تمام جزئیات نظارت دارد؟ (Does the manager in your company oversee all details?)"

"فکر می‌کنید نظارت بر فضای مجازی لازم است یا خیر؟ (Do you think oversight of cyberspace is necessary or not?)"

"چه کسی بر پروژه‌های بزرگ در کشور شما نظارت می‌کند؟ (Who oversees big projects in your country?)"

"آیا شما ترجیح می‌دهید تحت نظارت مستقیم کار کنید؟ (Do you prefer to work under direct supervision?)"

"چگونه می‌توان نظارت بر بازار را بهبود بخشید؟ (How can market oversight be improved?)"

Journal Prompts

درباره زمانی بنویسید که بر یک کار مهم نظارت داشتید و چه چالش‌هایی داشتید. (Write about a time you oversaw an important task and what challenges you had.)

نقش نظارت در جلوگیری از فساد اداری را تحلیل کنید. (Analyze the role of oversight in preventing administrative corruption.)

آیا نظارت والدین بر فرزندان باید حد و مرزی داشته باشد؟ (Should parental oversight of children have boundaries?)

تفاوت بین نظارت و کنترل را از دیدگاه خودتان توضیح دهید. (Explain the difference between oversight and control from your perspective.)

اگر شما ناظر یک پروژه بزرگ بودید، اولین اولویت شما چه بود؟ (If you were the supervisor of a large project, what would be your first priority?)

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

They are very similar, but 'نظارت داشتن' (to have oversight) describes a state or a formal role, while 'نظارت کردن' (to supervise) describes the active process. In most cases, you can use either, but 'داشتن' is slightly more formal and emphasizes responsibility.

You should almost always use 'بر' (bar). For example, 'نظارت بر پروژه' (oversight over the project). Using 'به' (be) is a common mistake for learners.

No, that would sound very strange. Use 'تماشا کردن' (tamāshā kardan) for movies or sports. 'نظارت داشتن' is for professional, legal, or safety contexts where you are responsible for the outcome.

A 'مهندس ناظر' is a supervising engineer. In Iran, they are legally responsible for overseeing a building's construction to ensure it follows safety codes and blueprints.

You use the phrase 'تحتِ نظارتِ' (taht-e nezārat-e). For example, 'تحت نظارت دکتر' means 'under the doctor's supervision.'

It is very common in the news, at work, and in school. It is less common in very casual talk between friends unless they are discussing something serious like parenting or a business venture.

The root is the Arabic 'ن-ظ-ر' (N-Z-R), which relates to seeing and looking. This is why it shares a root with words like 'nazar' (opinion) and 'manzare' (view).

You add 'نـ' to the auxiliary verb 'داشتن'. So, 'من نظارت ندارم' (I do not have oversight). Do not say 'ننظارت دارم'.

Yes, you can use 'خودنظارتی' (khod-nezārati) to describe the act of monitoring oneself or an organization monitoring its own members.

This is a specific legal and political term in Iran. It refers to the power of the Guardian Council to not only monitor elections but also to approve or reject the qualifications of candidates.