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نظر به

B2 preposition 7 min read

نظر به

nazar be

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips نظر به in 30 Seconds

Explanation نظر به in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't really need to use 'نظر به'. It is too formal and complex. Instead, you use 'چون' (chon) which means 'because'. For example, 'چون باران می‌بارد، من به پارک نمی‌روم' (Because it is raining, I am not going to the park). 'نظر به' is like the very fancy version of 'because' that you will learn later. Just remember that 'nazar' means 'view' or 'opinion' for now, like in 'به نظر من' (in my opinion).

At A2, you are starting to see more formal words. You might see 'نظر به' on a sign in a museum or a public building. It means 'because of' or 'looking at'. If you see 'نظر به تعطیلات' (nazar be tatilat) on a shop door, it means 'Because of the holidays [we are closed]'. You shouldn't try to use it in your speaking yet, but try to recognize it as a formal way of giving a reason.

At the B1 level, you should understand that 'نظر به' is a formal preposition. It is used in writing and news. It is different from 'به نظر من'. When you read a news article and see 'نظر به وضعیت اقتصادی' (nazar be vaz'iyat-e eqtesadi), you should know it means 'In view of the economic situation'. You can start using 'با توجه به' (ba tavajoh be) as a slightly easier alternative in your essays, but keep 'نظر به' in your reading vocabulary.

At B2, you are expected to use 'نظر به' in formal writing. This is the level where you distinguish between registers. In an essay about social issues or a formal request letter, using 'نظر به' instead of 'چون' or 'به خاطر' shows that you have a high level of Persian. You should know the structure: 'نظر به' + [Noun]. It is used to justify an action or a statement based on a fact. For example: 'نظر به تورم، قیمت‌ها افزایش یافت' (Considering inflation, prices increased).

At C1, you should be able to use 'نظر به' and its more complex variation 'نظر به اینکه' (nazar be inke) fluently. 'نظر به اینکه' allows you to follow the phrase with a full clause (subject + verb). This is very common in legal and academic Persian. You should also be able to distinguish the nuance between 'نظر به' (considering) and 'با عنایت به' (with due regard to), using the former for logical justifications and the latter for more formal or respectful ones.

At the C2 level, you have a masterly command over 'نظر به'. You use it to structure complex arguments in academic papers or legal discourse. You understand its historical roots and its role in the 'administrative style' (sabk-e edari) of Persian. You can use it to create sophisticated preambles in formal documents and recognize when its use might be satirical or overly pompous in modern literature.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

نظر به in 30 Seconds

A formal Persian preposition meaning 'considering' or 'in view of'.
Used primarily in written Persian, news, and official documents.
Followed by a noun phrase or 'inke' + a full clause.
Essential for B2+ level to distinguish formal and informal registers.

The Persian prepositional phrase نظر به (pronounced 'nazar be') is a sophisticated linguistic tool primarily used in formal, administrative, and academic Persian. At its core, it functions similarly to the English expressions 'considering,' 'in view of,' or 'given.' It is composed of the word nazar (view, opinion, or sight) and the preposition be (to). However, when combined, they transcend their literal meanings to create a causal or conditional link between a circumstance and a subsequent action or conclusion.

Grammatical Role: It serves as a complex preposition that introduces a reason or a context. It is almost always followed by a noun or a noun phrase, never directly by a verb without nominalization.

In everyday spoken Persian, you might rarely hear this phrase at a dinner table or among friends. Instead, it belongs to the world of official letters, legal documents, news broadcasts, and high-level intellectual discourse. When a government official announces a public holiday due to air pollution, or when a judge explains the rationale behind a verdict, نظر به is the go-to phrase. It provides a sense of gravity and logical progression that simpler words like chon (because) or be dalil-e (due to) lack.

نظر به شرایط نامساعد جوی، پروازها با تأخیر مواجه خواهند شد.

Translation: In view of the unfavorable weather conditions, flights will face delays.

Register & Tone: Extremely formal. Using this in a casual text message might make you sound like you are writing a law book.

Understanding نظر به is essential for any learner aiming for B2 level proficiency or higher, as it is a hallmark of 'Ketabi' (written/bookish) Persian. It signals that the speaker is about to provide a justification based on an external fact or observation. It is not about a personal 'opinion' (which would be be nazar-e man), but rather about an objective consideration of the situation at hand.

نظر به سوابق درخشان شما، با درخواست استخدام موافقت شد.

Translation: Given your brilliant record, the employment request was approved.

Historically, the use of this phrase reflects the influence of Arabic syntax on formal Persian administrative styles, where 'nazar' (sight/vision) is used metaphorically to mean 'intellectual consideration.' By mastering this, you bridge the gap between basic communication and professional Persian fluency.

Using نظر به correctly requires a firm grasp of Persian sentence structure, particularly the distinction between the 'reason' and the 'result.' This phrase always introduces the 'reason' or the 'context.' Unlike simple conjunctions, it functions as a prepositional head, meaning it must be followed by a noun phrase or a nominalized clause.

Structural Pattern: [نظر به] + [Noun Phrase/Circumstance], [Main Clause]. The comma is often used in writing to separate the introductory phrase from the main action.

One of the most common ways to use it is with abstract nouns like 'importance' (ahmiyat), 'necessity' (zarurat), or 'limitations' (mahdudiyat). For example: نظر به اهمیت موضوع (Considering the importance of the subject). Note how the noun directly follows the phrase. If you want to use a full verb, you must transform it into a gerund or a 'ke' clause structure, though the latter is less common with this specific preposition.

نظر به ضرورت رعایت پروتکل‌های بهداشتی، ورود بدون ماسک ممنوع است.

Translation: Given the necessity of observing health protocols, entry without a mask is forbidden.

Another advanced usage involves its placement at the beginning of legal articles or contracts. In this context, it acts as a 'preamble' marker. It establishes the legal grounds upon which the following rules are based. For a student of Persian, using this in an essay demonstrates a high level of academic maturity. It shows you can synthesize complex ideas into a logical 'cause-and-effect' framework.

نظر به اینکه وقت تنگ است، باید سریعاً تصمیم بگیریم.

Translation: In view of the fact that time is short, we must decide immediately.

In the example above, the addition of inke (that) allows the preposition to be followed by a full sentence. This is a very common structure in legal Persian (نظر به اینکه...). It serves as a formal 'since' or 'whereas.'

If you are walking through a bazaar in Tehran or sitting in a taxi, you are unlikely to hear نظر به. However, the moment you turn on the evening news on IRIB or pick up a copy of a newspaper like Ettela'at or Shargh, it will appear everywhere. It is the language of authority and formality.

News & Media: News anchors use it to link events. 'Considering the recent developments in the region...' often starts with 'Nazar be tahavolat-e akhir...'

Another prime location is the university setting. Professors during lectures, particularly in the humanities, law, or political science, use this phrase to build their arguments. It sounds intellectual and well-reasoned. If you are applying for a visa or dealing with any Iranian bureaucracy, the letters you receive will almost certainly contain this phrase. 'Considering your request...' (Nazar be darkhast-e shoma...) is the standard opening for an official response.

نظر به ابهامات موجود، پرونده برای بررسی بیشتر بازگشت داده شد.

Translation: In view of the existing ambiguities, the case was returned for further investigation.

In literature, specifically modern non-fiction and analytical essays, نظر به helps maintain a professional distance between the author and the subject. It moves the focus from 'I think' to 'Based on the facts.' This objectivity is highly valued in Persian formal writing. You might also see it on public notices—signs in parks, subways, or government buildings often start with this phrase to justify a rule or a temporary change.

نظر به پایان مهلت ثبت‌نام، سیستم از دسترس خارج شد.

Translation: Due to the end of the registration deadline, the system was taken offline.

The most frequent mistake learners make with نظر به is confusing it with other phrases that contain the word نظر (nazar). Because nazar is such a versatile word in Persian—meaning sight, look, opinion, view, and intention—it is easy to mix up the prepositions that accompany it.

Confusion with 'Be Nazar': Learners often say 'Nazar be man...' when they mean 'In my opinion.' This is wrong. 'In my opinion' is 'Be nazar-e man.' 'Nazar be' is never used for personal opinions.

Another common error is using نظر به in informal contexts. If you tell your friend, 'Nazar be gorosnegi, bia ghaza bokhorim' (Considering hunger, let's eat food), it sounds incredibly stiff and unnatural, almost as if you are reading a legal decree about your stomach. In casual speech, always use chon (because) or chon ke.

نظر به من، این فیلم خوب نیست. (Wrong)
به نظر من، این فیلم خوب نیست. (Correct)

A third mistake is failing to provide the 'result' clause. نظر به is an introductory phrase; it cannot stand alone as a sentence. You cannot simply say 'Nazar be moshkelat' (Considering the problems) and stop. You must complete the thought: 'Considering the problems, we canceled the trip.'

Misplacement of 'Be': Sometimes learners say 'Be nazar-e...' when they mean 'Considering.' This is the reverse of the first mistake. If you write 'Be nazar-e sharayet...' (In the opinion of the conditions...), it makes no sense.

To truly master نظر به, you should know its synonyms and how they differ in register and nuance. Persian has several ways to express causality and consideration, ranging from the very casual to the extremely formal.

با توجه به (Ba Tavajoh Be): This is the closest synonym. It means 'With attention to' or 'Considering.' It is slightly less formal than 'Nazar be' and is used very frequently in both formal writing and educated speech.
به دلیلِ (Be Dalil-e): Means 'Due to' or 'Because of.' This is neutral-to-formal. It focuses purely on the cause, whereas 'Nazar be' implies a deliberation or looking at a situation.
با عنایت به (Ba Enayat Be): This is even more formal and archaic than 'Nazar be.' It literally means 'With grace/favor toward.' It is used in extremely high-level diplomatic or religious-administrative contexts.

Comparison:
1. نظر به ترافیک، دیر رسیدیم. (Formal/Written)
2. با توجه به ترافیک، دیر رسیدیم. (Standard/Educated)
3. به خاطرِ ترافیک، دیر رسیدیم. (Casual/Spoken)

When choosing between نظر به and با توجه به, consider your audience. If you are writing a letter to a university dean, نظر به is excellent. If you are explaining something to a colleague in a professional but friendly email, با توجه به is often a safer, more modern choice. Avoid chon or chon ke in formal writing as they can sound a bit repetitive and simplistic.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

In Persian culture, 'nazar' also refers to the 'evil eye'. You might hear people say 'cheshm-e nazar' to refer to the blue eye amulets used for protection.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /næ.zær be/

US /næ.zær be/

The stress is typically on the second syllable of 'nazar' (na-ZAR), and 'be' is unstressed as it is a preposition.

Rhymes With

حذر به (hazar be) اثر به (asar be) سفر به (safar be) خبر به (khabar be) کمر به (kamar be) هنر به (honar be) گذر به (gozar be) ضرر به (zarar be)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'nazar' as 'na-zer' (like the English word 'laser').
Over-emphasizing the 'be', making it sound like a separate word rather than a linked preposition.
Confusing the 'z' sound with 'j' or 's'.
Failing to flap the 'r' at the end of 'nazar'.
Merging 'nazar' and 'be' into one word 'nazarbe' without a slight pause/link.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 4/5

Easy to recognize in formal texts but requires understanding the context.

Writing 7/5

Hard to use correctly without sounding overly formal or making grammatical errors.

Speaking 8/5

Rarely used in speech; using it requires perfect timing and register control.

Listening 5/5

Common in news broadcasts; learners must distinguish it from 'be nazar'.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

نظر (nazar) به (be) چون (chon) دلیل (dalil) اهمیت (ahmiyat)

Learn Next

با توجه به (ba tavajoh be) علیرغم (al-raym) بنابراین (banabar-in) در نتیجه (dar natije) مقتضیات (moqtaziyat)

Advanced

با عنایت به منوط به مستظهر به معطوف به منبعث از

Grammar to Know

Ezafe Construction

In 'نظری به' (a look at), the ezafe is not used, but in 'نظراتِ او' (his views), it is.

Nominalization

Turning 'باید برویم' into 'ضرورتِ رفتن' to use with 'نظر به'.

Prepositional Objects

'نظر به' always takes a noun/pronoun object.

Formal Subordination

Using 'inke' to link a preposition to a full clause.

If you start with 'نظر به', the rest of the sentence should use formal verbs like 'گردید' instead of 'شد'.

Examples by Level

به نظر من این سیب سرخ است.

In my opinion, this apple is red.

A1 uses 'be nazar-e' for opinion, not 'nazar be'.

او نظر به آسمان کرد.

He looked at the sky.

Literal use of 'nazar' as 'look'.

چون سرد است، پالتو بپوش.

Because it is cold, wear a coat.

A1 uses 'chon' for 'because'.

من به نظر شما احترام می‌گذارم.

I respect your opinion.

'Nazar' here means opinion.

کتاب به نظر جالب می‌رسد.

The book seems interesting.

'Be nazar residan' means 'to seem'.

نظر تو چیست؟

What is your opinion?

Basic question about opinion.

او به عکس نظر انداخت.

He glanced at the photo.

'Nazar andakhtan' is to glance.

این اتاق به نظر بزرگ است.

This room seems large.

Usage of 'be nazar' as 'seems'.

نظر به تعطیلات، موزه بسته است.

Due to the holidays, the museum is closed.

Simple formal notice usage.

با توجه به نقشه، راه را پیدا کن.

With attention to the map, find the way.

'Ba tavajoh be' is a common alternative.

نظر به برف، مدرسه تعطیل شد.

Considering the snow, the school was closed.

Formal reason for closure.

او نظر به آینده دارد.

He has an eye on the future.

Idiomatic: looking toward something.

نظر به قیمت، این ماشین خوب است.

Considering the price, this car is good.

Using 'nazar be' to evaluate.

به علت بیماری، او نیامد.

Due to illness, he didn't come.

'Be ellat-e' is another way to say because.

نظر به وقت کم، سریع بنویس.

Given the little time, write quickly.

Setting a condition.

او نظر به کمکِ ما داشت.

He looked to our help / He intended to help.

'Nazar dashtan' can mean 'to intend'.

نظر به اهمیت ورزش، باید هر روز تمرین کنیم.

Considering the importance of exercise, we should practice every day.

Formal justification for a habit.

نظر به گزارش پلیس، جاده خطرناک است.

According to/In view of the police report, the road is dangerous.

Basing a fact on a report.

با توجه به تجربه‌اش، او مدیر شد.

Given his experience, he became the manager.

Standard professional usage.

نظر به کمبود آب، باید صرفه‌جویی کرد.

In view of the water shortage, one must conserve.

Formal social announcement.

نظر به درخواست شما، وقت ملاقات تغییر کرد.

Considering your request, the appointment time changed.

Administrative response.

او نظر به موفقیت در امتحان دارد.

He has his sights set on succeeding in the exam.

Idiomatic: having an objective.

نظر به شواهد، او بی‌گناه است.

Considering the evidence, he is innocent.

Legalistic reasoning.

نظر به دوری راه، زود حرکت کردیم.

Given the long distance, we left early.

Formal reason for an action.

نظر به اینکه مدارک ناقص بود، پرونده رد شد.

In view of the fact that the documents were incomplete, the case was rejected.

Use of 'nazar be inke' for clauses.

نظر به مصوبات جلسه، حقوق‌ها افزایش می‌یابد.

Considering the meeting's resolutions, salaries will increase.

Administrative/Corporate context.

نظر به سوابق تحصیلی، وی بورسیه دریافت کرد.

Given his academic record, he received a scholarship.

Formal academic justification.

نظر به تخصص ایشان، مدیریت پروژه به وی واگذار شد.

In view of his expertise, the project management was assigned to him.

Professional assignment.

نظر به مخاطرات احتمالی، سفر لغو گردید.

Considering potential risks, the trip was canceled.

Formal announcement style.

نظر به نوسانات بازار، سرمایه‌گذاری پرخطر است.

Given market fluctuations, investment is risky.

Financial analysis register.

نظر به مفاد قرارداد، هرگونه تاخیر جریمه دارد.

According to the contract terms, any delay incurs a fine.

Legal/Contractual usage.

نظر به محدودیت فضا، تعداد مهمانان اندک است.

In view of the space limitations, the number of guests is small.

Formal social constraint.

نظر به ضرورت صیانت از محیط زیست، قوانین جدیدی وضع شد.

Considering the necessity of protecting the environment, new laws were enacted.

Policy-making register.

نظر به ابهامات موجود در متن، تفسیر قضایی لازم است.

In view of the existing ambiguities in the text, a judicial interpretation is necessary.

Legal theory register.

نظر به اینکه شاکی از شکایت خود صرف‌نظر کرد، پرونده مختومه گشت.

Given that the plaintiff withdrew their complaint, the case was closed.

Advanced legal terminology ('mokhtumeh gasht').

نظر به تحولات ژئوپلیتیک، سیاست خارجی بازنگری شد.

In view of geopolitical developments, foreign policy was revised.

Political science register.

نظر به قدمت بنا، عملیات بازسازی با دقت انجام می‌شود.

Given the antiquity of the building, restoration is done carefully.

Cultural heritage context.

نظر به تضاد منافع، ایشان از سمت خود استعفا داد.

Considering the conflict of interest, he resigned from his position.

Corporate ethics register.

نظر به نتایج درخشان تحقیق، بودجه بیشتری تخصیص یافت.

In view of the brilliant research results, more budget was allocated.

Academic administration.

نظر به عدم کفایت ادله، متهم تبرئه شد.

Due to the insufficiency of evidence, the accused was acquitted.

High-level legal Persian.

نظر به مبانی هستی‌شناختی این فلسفه، نقد آن دشوار است.

Considering the ontological foundations of this philosophy, critiquing it is difficult.

Philosophical/Academic register.

نظر به اینکه هیچ‌گونه توافقی حاصل نگردید، طرفین به مذاکره پایان دادند.

Since no agreement whatsoever was reached, the parties ended the negotiations.

Diplomatic discourse.

نظر به سیر تطور زبان فارسی، تاثیر زبان عربی انکارناپذیر است.

Given the evolutionary course of the Persian language, Arabic influence is undeniable.

Linguistic/Historical analysis.

نظر به مقتضیات زمان، بازنگری در قوانین مدنی الزامی به نظر می‌رسد.

In view of the requirements of the time, revising civil laws seems mandatory.

Sociopolitical discourse.

نظر به پارادایم‌های حاکم بر علم مدرن، این نظریه انقلابی است.

Given the prevailing paradigms of modern science, this theory is revolutionary.

Scientific philosophy register.

نظر به صبغه‌ی تاریخی منطقه، تنش‌ها ریشه‌دار هستند.

Considering the historical character of the region, the tensions are deep-rooted.

Advanced vocabulary ('sebqe').

نظر به فقدان زیرساخت‌های لازم، اجرای طرح با چالش مواجه است.

Given the lack of necessary infrastructure, implementing the plan faces challenges.

Economic/Technical reporting.

نظر به قرائن و شواهد، فرضیه اولیه ابطال گردید.

In view of the clues and evidence, the initial hypothesis was falsified.

Scientific methodology register.

Common Collocations

نظر به اهمیت

نظر به ضرورت

نظر به سوابق

نظر به شرایط

نظر به اینکه

نظر به درخواست

نظر به محدودیت

نظر به نتایج

نظر به مفاد

نظر به قدمت

Common Phrases

نظر به مراتب فوق

— Considering the aforementioned points. Used at the end of formal letters.

نظر به مراتب فوق، خواهشمند است دستور مقتضی صادر فرمایید.

نظر به مصالح ملی

— In view of national interests. Used in political discourse.

نظر به مصالح ملی، توافق امضا شد.

نظر به نیاز جامعه

— Considering the needs of society. Used in social planning.

نظر به نیاز جامعه، بیمارستان جدید ساخته شد.

نظر به وضعیت جوی

— In view of weather conditions. Used in travel and news.

نظر به وضعیت جوی، مدارس تعطیل است.

نظر به تجربیات گذشته

— Considering past experiences. Used in lessons learned.

نظر به تجربیات گذشته، نباید دوباره اشتباه کنیم.

نظر به گزارش‌های رسیده

— According to received reports. Used in journalism.

نظر به گزارش‌های رسیده، زلزله خسارتی نداشت.

نظر به شایستگی

— Considering merit/competence. Used in promotions.

نظر به شایستگی ایشان، ترفیع گرفتند.

نظر به قوانین جاری

— According to current laws. Used in legal notices.

نظر به قوانین جاری، پرداخت مالیات الزامی است.

نظر به ابهامات

— In view of ambiguities. Used in critiques.

نظر به ابهامات طرح، آن را متوقف کردیم.

نظر به پیشنهاد

— Considering the proposal. Used in business.

نظر به پیشنهاد شما، قرارداد تغییر کرد.

Often Confused With

نظر به vs به نظرِ

Means 'In the opinion of'. 'Be nazar-e man' = In my opinion. 'Nazar be' = Considering.

نظر به vs نظر داشتن

Means 'to have an eye on' or 'to intend'. It is a verb, while 'nazar be' is a preposition.

نظر به vs از نظرِ

Means 'from the perspective of' or 'regarding'. It is used to categorize a topic (e.g., 'from a health perspective').

Idioms & Expressions

"نظر به کسی داشتن"

— To have an eye on someone, usually with romantic or protective intent.

او از قدیم به دختر عمویش نظر داشت.

Informal/Literary

"نظر به دوردست‌ها دوختن"

— To stare into the distance, often implying deep thought or dreaming.

پیرمرد نظر به دوردست‌ها دوخته بود.

Literary

"از نظرِ ..."

— From the point of view of... / Regarding...

از نظر من، این کار اشتباه است.

General

"صاحب‌نظر بودن"

— To be an expert or a person of insight in a field.

او در موسیقی صاحب‌نظر است.

Formal

"نظرِ بلند داشتن"

— To be ambitious or magnanimous.

او همیشه نظر بلندی در زندگی داشت.

Literary

"تجدیدنظر کردن"

— To revise or reconsider a decision.

دادگاه در حکم خود تجدیدنظر کرد.

Formal

"نظرِ مثبت داشتن"

— To have a positive view or to favor something.

مدیر به طرح ما نظر مثبت داشت.

Standard

"نظرِ بد داشتن"

— To have ill intentions or a malicious look.

مراقب باش، او به اموال تو نظر بد دارد.

Informal

"اتفاقِ نظر داشتن"

— To have a consensus or to agree unanimously.

همه اعضا بر این موضوع اتفاق نظر داشتند.

Formal

"نظرِ کسی را جلب کردن"

— To attract someone's attention.

رنگ قرمز نظر او را جلب کرد.

Standard

Easily Confused

نظر به vs به نظر

Both start with 'nazar' and 'be'.

'Be nazar' is 'in the opinion of' or 'seems'. 'Nazar be' is 'considering' or 'due to'.

به نظر من (In my opinion) vs نظر به باران (Considering the rain).

نظر به vs با توجه به

They have the same meaning.

'Ba tavajoh be' is slightly less formal and more common in daily professional speech. 'Nazar be' is strictly formal/written.

با توجه به وقت (Given the time) vs نظر به وقت (Considering the time).

نظر به vs بنا بر

Both give a reason/basis.

'Bana bar' means 'based on' or 'according to' a source. 'Nazar be' is more about considering a situation.

بنا بر خبر (According to the news) vs نظر به خبر (Considering the news).

نظر به vs جهتِ

Both used in formal letters.

'Jehat-e' usually means 'for' or 'to'. 'Nazar be' means 'because of'.

جهت اطلاع (For information) vs نظر به اطلاع (Considering the information).

نظر به vs به علتِ

Both mean 'because of'.

'Be ellat-e' is neutral. 'Nazar be' is formal and implies a 'looking at' the reason.

به علت بیماری (Due to illness) vs نظر به بیماری (Considering the illness).

Sentence Patterns

نظر به [Noun Phrase], [Main Clause].

نظر به برف سنگین، مدارس تعطیل شد.

نظر به اینکه [Sentence], [Main Clause].

نظر به اینکه هوا بارانی است، مسابقه لغو شد.

نظر به [Abstract Noun] و [Abstract Noun], [Formal Clause].

نظر به اهمیت موضوع و ضرورت اقدام فوری، جلسه تشکیل گردید.

نظر به درخواستِ [Person], [Action].

نظر به درخواست مدیر، گزارش را نوشتم.

نظر به [Noun]، خواهشمند است [Request].

نظر به سوابق، خواهشمند است با درخواست من موافقت کنید.

با توجه به [Noun], [Main Clause].

با توجه به نقشه، راه را پیدا کردیم.

نظر به مقتضیاتِ [Noun], [Main Clause].

نظر به مقتضیات زمان، قوانین باید تغییر کنند.

نظر به گزارشِ [Source], [Fact].

نظر به گزارش رادیو، راه بسته است.

Word Family

Nouns

نظریه (theory)

ناظر (observer)

منظره (view/scenery)

نظارت (supervision)

منظور (purpose/intent)

Verbs

نگریستن (to look - formal)

نظر دادن (to give an opinion)

نظارت کردن (to supervise)

منظور داشتن (to intend)

Adjectives

نظری (theoretical)

منظور (intended)

خوش‌نظر (optimistic/good-looking)

بدنظر (pessimistic/evil-eyed)

دیدگاه (viewpoint)

منظر (aspect/view)

چشم‌انداز (perspective/outlook)

اندیشه (thought)

رای (vote/opinion)

How to Use It

frequency

Common in written/formal Persian; rare in spoken Persian.

Common Mistakes

نظره به (Nazar-e be) → نظر به (Nazar be)
Adding an ezafe (the 'e' sound) is incorrect here. The preposition 'be' follows 'nazar' directly.
نظر به من (Nazar be man) for 'In my opinion' → به نظر من (Be nazar-e man)
'Nazar be' is for considering facts. 'Be nazar-e' is for personal opinions.
Using 'نظر به' in a casual chat. → استفاده از 'چون' یا 'به خاطر'
It's too formal for friends. Use 'chon' or 'be khatere'.
نظر به باران است. (Sentence ends there) → نظر به باران، در خانه می‌مانیم.
'نظر به' is a prepositional phrase and needs a main clause to complete the thought.
نظر به رفتن (Nazar be raftan) → نظر به ضرورتِ رفتن / نظر به اینکه باید برویم
While 'raftan' is a noun, it sounds slightly awkward. Better to use an abstract noun like 'necessity' or the 'inke' structure.

Tips

Formal Letters

Always use 'نظر به' or 'با توجه به' in formal letters to sound professional. Avoid 'chon' as it is too simple.

Linking Clauses

If you want to follow 'نظر به' with a full sentence, add 'اینکه' (inke) to make it 'نظر به اینکه'.

Synonym Choice

Use 'با توجه به' in professional emails and 'نظر به' in formal reports or legal contexts.

Public Speaking

If giving a presentation, use 'نظر به' to introduce your data or evidence to sound like an expert.

Newspaper Clues

When reading headlines, 'نظر به' often introduces the 'why' behind a new government rule.

The NASA Trick

Remember NASA (Nazar) looks at the facts before launching a rocket (the result).

No Ezafe

Don't say 'nazar-e be'. It's 'nazar be'. Adding the 'e' is a common mistake for beginners.

Objectivity

Use 'نظر به' to make your arguments sound objective and fact-based rather than personal.

Comma Use

Place a comma after the 'نظر به' phrase if it's longer than three or four words.

Formal News

Listen to the 9 PM news on Iranian TV; you will hear 'نظر به' at least once every broadcast.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'Nazar' as 'NASA'. Just as NASA 'looks' at the stars to make decisions, 'Nazar be' is 'looking at' facts to make a decision.

Visual Association

Imagine a judge holding a magnifying glass ('nazar') over a document ('be') to decide a case.

Word Web

Opinion Considering Formal Administrative Sight Reason Legal Logic

Challenge

Write a formal email to an imaginary boss using 'نظر به' to justify why you need a day off.

Word Origin

The word 'nazar' is of Arabic origin (نظرة), meaning 'sight' or 'vision'. In Persian, it was adopted and its meaning expanded to include 'opinion' and 'consideration'. The preposition 'be' is a native Persian (Old Persian 'pati') word.

Original meaning: The original meaning in Arabic relates to the physical act of looking or seeing with the eyes.

Arabic loanword ('nazar') + Indo-European Persian ('be').

Cultural Context

Be careful not to use this in emotional or intimate settings, as it can sound cold or dismissive.

English speakers often use 'Given...' or 'In light of...'. These are the perfect semantic equivalents.

The preamble of many Iranian laws starts with 'Nazar be...'. Formal news bulletins on IRIB. Academic papers in the 'Journal of Persian Literature'.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Administrative Letters

نظر به درخواست شما...
نظر به سوابق...
نظر به مراتب فوق...
نظر به موافقت مدیریت...

News Reporting

نظر به تحولات اخیر...
نظر به گزارش‌های دریافتی...
نظر به وضعیت بحرانی...
نظر به آمار منتشر شده...

Legal Documents

نظر به مفاد قرارداد...
نظر به ماده فلان قانون...
نظر به اقرار متهم...
نظر به نظریه کارشناسی...

Academic Writing

نظر به اهمیت این پژوهش...
نظر به یافته‌های تحقیق...
نظر به تئوری‌های موجود...
نظر به محدودیت‌های زمانی...

Public Notices

نظر به تعمیرات...
نظر به تعطیلات رسمی...
نظر به ایمنی مسافران...
نظر به صرفه‌جویی در مصرف برق...

Conversation Starters

"نظر به شرایط فعلی بازار، فکر می‌کنید سرمایه‌گذاری در مسکن منطقی است؟"

"نظر به اهمیت یادگیری زبان، شما چه روشی را پیشنهاد می‌دهید؟"

"نظر به تغییرات آب و هوایی، به نظر شما آینده کشاورزی در ایران چطور خواهد بود؟"

"نظر به تجربیات شما در این شرکت، بزرگترین چالش ما چیست؟"

"نظر به اینکه وقت ما محدود است، بهتر نیست مستقیم به سراغ اصل مطلب برویم؟"

Journal Prompts

نظر به اتفاقاتی که امروز افتاد، چه درسی برای آینده گرفتم؟

نظر به اهدافی که برای امسال دارم، تا چه حد موفق بوده‌ام؟

نظر به کتابی که اخیراً خواندم، دیدگاه من نسبت به زندگی چه تغییری کرد؟

نظر به روابطی که با دیگران دارم، چگونه می‌توانم مهربان‌تر باشم؟

نظر به وضعیت سلامتی‌ام، چه تغییراتی در رژیم غذایی‌ام لازم است؟

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

Not really. It would sound very strange and overly formal, like you are reading a legal document. Stick to 'chon' or 'be khatere' in casual settings.

They mean the same thing, but 'نظر به' is more formal and primarily used in writing or very formal speeches. 'با توجه به' is more versatile.

No. 'In my opinion' is 'به نظر من' (be nazar-e man). 'نظر به' means 'considering' or 'given'.

Only if you use 'نظر به اینکه' followed by a clause, or if you turn the verb into a noun (nominalization).

In newspapers, official government letters, legal contracts, and academic textbooks.

Usually, yes. It acts as an introductory phrase to set the context for the main part of the sentence.

It is 'nazar be'. There is no ezafe (short 'e' sound) between 'nazar' and 'be'.

Yes, but only in literary or poetic contexts (e.g., 'He turned his gaze to the mountains'). In modern prose, it's almost always the abstract 'considering'.

Etymologically, yes, 'nazar' means 'look'. But in this prepositional phrase, there is no connection to the evil eye superstition.

The best translation is 'نظر به شرایط موجود' (nazar be sharayet-e mowjud).