When we talk about water, especially a river, overflowing its banks, the Persian verb we use is طغیان کردن (toghyân kardan). This isn't just about a little spill; it implies a significant amount of water that has risen beyond its normal limits, often due to heavy rainfall or flooding. You'll hear this term used in news reports or discussions about natural disasters involving water. It carries the sense of an uncontrollable surge or an inundation. While it can sometimes be used metaphorically, its primary and most common usage relates to bodies of water.
§ Understanding “طغیان کرآن” (to overflow)
The Persian verb “طغیان کردن” (toghyaan kardan) specifically describes a situation where a body of water, usually a river, overflows its banks. This often happens because of heavy rain. It's a common and practical word to know when talking about natural events in Persian.
- Definition
- To overflow; for a river or body of water to exceed its banks due to heavy rain.
باران شدید باعث شد که رودخانه طغیان کند.
(Heavy rain caused the river to overflow.)
بعد از سیلآب سد دیگر طغیان نکرد.
(After the flood, the dam did not overflow again.)
§ Similar Words and When to Use Them
While “طغیان کردن” is specific to rivers overflowing, there are other words in Persian that mean 'to overflow' or 'to spill' in different contexts. Knowing these will help you choose the right word.
- لبریز شدن (labriz shodan)
- This is a more general term for 'to overflow' or 'to become full to the brim.' You can use it for liquids in containers, emotions, or even a place being very full of people.
فنجان از چای لبریز شد.
(The cup overflowed with tea.)- ریختن (rikhtan)
- This verb means 'to pour' or 'to spill.' If something simply spills out of a container, this is the word to use.
آب روی زمین ریخت.
(The water spilled on the floor.)- سرازیر شدن (sarazir shodan)
- This means 'to flow down' or 'to stream down.' It can be used for water flowing downhill, or even a crowd of people moving in one direction.
آب از کوه سرازیر شد.
(Water flowed down from the mountain.)
§ Key Difference: Specificity
The main thing to remember is the level of specificity:
- طغیان کردن: Specifically for rivers or large bodies of water overflowing their banks, usually due to rain. Think of natural disasters or environmental events.
- لبریز شدن: More general 'overflowing' for containers, emotions, or places being full.
- ریختن: Simple 'spilling' or 'pouring' of liquids.
- سرازیر شدن: 'Flowing down' or 'streaming down' for water or moving groups.
By understanding these differences, you can accurately describe various situations in Persian. Keep practicing with examples, and you'll get the hang of it!
Grammar to Know
Present stem of 'طغیان کردن' is 'طغیان کن'. This is used to form the present tense, present subjunctive, and imperative moods.
رودخانه طغیان میکند. (The river overflows.)
Past stem of 'طغیان کردن' is 'طغیان کرد'. This is used to form the simple past, imperfect, and past perfect tenses.
رودخانه طغیان کرد. (The river overflowed.)
The verb 'کردن' (to do) is a light verb. When paired with a noun like 'طغیان' (overflow), it forms a compound verb. The noun 'طغیان' remains unchanged.
طغیان کردن (to overflow)
'طغیان کردن' is an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object.
رودخانه طغیان کرد. (The river overflowed.) - The river is the subject, there is no object.
This verb is often used in a figurative sense to describe something becoming rebellious or out of control. In this case, the context clarifies the meaning.
ملت طغیان کرد. (The nation rebelled/revolted.)
Examples by Level
رودخانه پس از باران شدید طغیان کرد و زمینهای اطراف را زیر آب برد.
The river overflowed after the heavy rain and flooded the surrounding lands.
آب سد به دلیل ذوب شدن برفها طغیان کرده بود.
The dam's water had overflowed due to melting snow.
مسئولین هشدار دادند که ممکن است رودخانه طغیان کند.
Authorities warned that the river might overflow.
سیل نتیجه طغیان ناگهانی رودخانه بود.
The flood was the result of the river's sudden overflow.
بعد از چند روز بارندگی، رودخانه آماده طغیان کردن بود.
After several days of rain, the river was ready to overflow.
با افزایش سطح آب، خطر طغیان رودخانه جدی شد.
With the rising water level, the risk of the river overflowing became serious.
کشاورزان نگران بودند که رودخانه طغیان کند و محصولاتشان را از بین ببرد.
Farmers were worried that the river would overflow and destroy their crops.
طغیان رودخانه زندگی مردم روستاهای اطراف را مختل کرد.
The overflowing of the river disrupted the lives of people in the surrounding villages.
Idioms & Expressions
"آب از سر گذشتن"
To be in over one's head; to be in a difficult situation where things are past the point of no return.
وقتی آب از سر گذشت، دیگر کاری نمیشد کرد.
informal"سیل آمدن"
To be overwhelmed by something; a flood of something (e.g., problems, work).
این روزها آنقدر کار دارم که انگار سیل آمده.
informal"رودخانه طغیان کرده"
To describe a situation where things are out of control or chaotic (literally: the river has overflowed).
با این همه مشکلات، زندگیام مثل رودخانه طغیان کرده.
neutral"از حد گذشتن"
To go too far; to cross the line; to exceed limits.
رفتار او از حد گذشته بود و همه را ناراحت کرد.
neutral"کاسه صبر کسی لبریز شدن"
Someone's patience has run out (literally: someone's bowl of patience has overflowed).
آنقدر اذیتش کردند که کاسه صبرش لبریز شد.
informal"طغیان احساسات"
An outpouring of emotions; an emotional outburst.
طغیان احساساتش در آن لحظه قابل کنترل نبود.
formal"بحران طغیان کردن"
For a crisis to erupt or escalate rapidly.
با نادیده گرفتن مشکلات، بحران طغیان کرد.
formal"سیلاب مشکلات"
A deluge or flood of problems.
بعد از ورشکستگی، سیلاب مشکلات به سوی او روان شد.
neutral"طغیان جمعیت"
A surge or overflowing of crowds.
با شروع کنسرت، طغیان جمعیت به سمت صحنه آغاز شد.
formal"طغیان طبیعت"
The raw power or upheaval of nature (e.g., storms, earthquakes, floods).
در برابر طغیان طبیعت، انسان بسیار ناچیز است.
formalWord Family
Nouns
Tips
Basic Meaning of 'طغیان کردن'
The core meaning of 'طغیان کردن' is to overflow, specifically when a river or body of water breaks its banks. Think of it like a river getting too full and spilling out.
Common Use with Rivers
You'll most often hear 'طغیان کردن' used in the context of rivers. For example, 'رودخانه طغیان کرد' (The river overflowed).
Cause: Heavy Rain
This verb often implies the overflow is due to heavy rain. So, 'رودخانه به دلیل بارندگی شدید طغیان کرد' (The river overflowed due to heavy rainfall).
Past Tense Usage
It's very common to use 'طغیان کردن' in the past tense when talking about floods that have already happened. For instance, 'رودخانه دیروز طغیان کرد' (The river overflowed yesterday).
Not for Simple Spills
Don't use 'طغیان کردن' for a glass of water spilling over or a cup overflowing. It's specifically for large bodies of water exceeding their boundaries.
Avoid Direct Translation to 'Flood'
While related, 'طغیان کردن' means to overflow, not 'to flood' directly. The noun for flood is 'سیل' (seel). An overflowing river *causes* a flood.
Listen for News Reports
This word is frequently used in news reports about weather and natural disasters. Listening to Persian news can help you hear it in context.
Connect to 'سرریز شدن'
A similar, but more general, verb is 'سرریز شدن' (sar-riz shodan), meaning to spill over or overflow. 'طغیان کردن' is more specific to rivers.
Figurative Use (Less Common)
In more advanced or literary contexts, 'طغیان کردن' can sometimes be used figuratively for emotions or anger overwhelming someone, but this is less common for B1 learners.
Practice with Examples
Create your own sentences. For example, 'آیا این رودخانه اغلب طغیان می کند؟' (Does this river often overflow?) or 'رودخانه در بهار طغیان می کند.' (The river overflows in spring).
Test Yourself 60 questions
رودخانه بعد از باران زیاد، ___ کرد.
The river overflows after heavy rain. 'طغیان کردن' means to overflow.
آب رودخانه از بستر خود ___.
The river water overflows its banks. 'طغیان کردن' means to overflow.
وقتی آب زیاد شود، رودخانه ___ میکند.
When there is a lot of water, the river overflows. 'طغیان کردن' means to overflow.
بعد از بارندگی شدید، رودخانه ___.
After heavy rainfall, the river overflowed. 'طغیان کردن' means to overflow.
مردم دیدند که آب رودخانه ___.
People saw that the river water has overflowed. 'طغیان کردن' means to overflow.
سیل به دلیل ___ رودخانه اتفاق افتاد.
The flood happened because of the river overflowing. 'طغیان کردن' means to overflow.
Which word means 'river'?
رودخانه (rood-khaane) means river.
What does 'آب' (aab) mean?
آب (aab) means water.
Which word means 'rain'?
باران (baaraan) means rain.
The word 'کوه' (kooh) means 'mountain'.
کوه (kooh) means mountain.
The word 'بزرگ' (bozorg) means 'small'.
بزرگ (bozorg) means large or big.
The word 'روز' (rooz) means 'day'.
روز (rooz) means day.
This means 'The river overflowed.' It's a simple subject-verb sentence.
This means 'The water rose.' It's a common phrase to describe rising water levels.
This means 'The rain was heavy.' It's a simple statement about the weather.
رودخانه بعد از باران شدید ___.
The sentence talks about a river after heavy rain, implying it overflowed.
آب رودخانه از کناره ها ___.
When water goes over the banks, it means it overflowed.
بعد از سیل، آب رودخانه ___.
Floods are caused by rivers overflowing.
در بهار، رودخانه ها اغلب ___.
Spring often brings heavy rains and melting snow, leading to rivers overflowing.
باران زیاد باعث شد رودخانه ___.
Heavy rain is a direct cause for a river to overflow.
وقتی رودخانه ___، آب به خیابان ها آمد.
If water came into the streets, it means the river overflowed its banks.
Which of these situations describes 'طغیان کردن' (to overflow)?
'طغیان کردن' specifically refers to a body of water exceeding its boundaries, like a river overflowing.
If a river 'طغیان میکند' (overflows), what is a likely cause?
Heavy rain is a common reason for rivers to overflow their banks.
Which word best describes the action of a river when it 'طغیان میکند'?
When a river overflows, its water spreads out beyond its usual path.
If a river is 'طغیان کردن', it means there is too much water.
Yes, 'طغیان کردن' happens when the water volume is too high for the river to contain.
You can use 'طغیان کردن' to describe a small cup of tea spilling.
'طغیان کردن' is typically used for large bodies of water like rivers, not small spills from a cup.
When a river 'طغیان میکند', the land next to it might get wet.
That's correct. When a river overflows, the surrounding land often becomes flooded.
Imagine you are watching a heavy rainstorm. Describe what happens to a river nearby. Use simple Persian sentences.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
باران زیاد است. رودخانه بزرگ می شود. آب رودخانه طغیان می کند. (The rain is heavy. The river gets big. The river water overflows.)
Complete the sentence in Persian: وقتی باران زیاد می آید، رودخانه ممکن است...
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
وقتی باران زیاد می آید، رودخانه ممکن است طغیان کند. (When a lot of rain comes, the river might overflow.)
Write a short Persian sentence about a river overflowing. You can use 'آب' (water) and 'بسیار' (very/much).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
آب رودخانه بسیار طغیان می کند. (The river water overflows a lot.)
چه اتفاقی برای رودخانه افتاد؟ (What happened to the river?)
Read this passage:
دیروز باران زیادی بارید. رودخانه نزدیک روستا بسیار بزرگ شد. آب رودخانه طغیان کرد و به اطراف روستا رسید. مردم کمی ترسیدند.
چه اتفاقی برای رودخانه افتاد؟ (What happened to the river?)
The passage says "آب رودخانه طغیان کرد", meaning the river water overflowed.
The passage says "آب رودخانه طغیان کرد", meaning the river water overflowed.
چه چیزی می تواند باعث طغیان رودخانه شود؟ (What can cause a river to overflow?)
Read this passage:
وقتی باران زیادی می بارد، گاهی اوقات رودخانه ها طغیان می کنند. این می تواند برای خانه های نزدیک رودخانه مشکل ساز باشد.
چه چیزی می تواند باعث طغیان رودخانه شود؟ (What can cause a river to overflow?)
The passage states "وقتی باران زیادی می بارد، گاهی اوقات رودخانه ها طغیان می کنند.", indicating heavy rain as the cause.
The passage states "وقتی باران زیادی می بارد، گاهی اوقات رودخانه ها طغیان می کنند.", indicating heavy rain as the cause.
چرا خیابان ها پر از آب شد؟ (Why were the streets full of water?)
Read this passage:
سال گذشته، باران به مدت چند روز بدون توقف بارید. در نتیجه، رودخانه کوچکی که از شهر می گذشت طغیان کرد و خیابان ها پر از آب شد.
چرا خیابان ها پر از آب شد؟ (Why were the streets full of water?)
The passage explains that "رودخانه کوچکی که از شهر می گذشت طغیان کرد و خیابان ها پر از آب شد." meaning the overflowing river caused the streets to fill with water.
The passage explains that "رودخانه کوچکی که از شهر می گذشت طغیان کرد و خیابان ها پر از آب شد." meaning the overflowing river caused the streets to fill with water.
The river overflowed after heavy rain.
The lake water is overflowing.
There is a risk of the river overflowing.
Read this aloud:
رودخانه طغیان کرده است.
Focus: طغیان
You said:
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Read this aloud:
آیا رودخانه طغیان می کند؟
Focus: می کند
You said:
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Read this aloud:
سیل به دلیل طغیان رودخانه بود.
Focus: سیل
You said:
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Imagine you are a news reporter. Write a short news flash (2-3 sentences) about a river overflowing in a local village. Use the verb "طغیان کردن" (to overflow).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
باران شدید باعث شد رودخانه در روستای بالا طغیان کند و خانهها را آب بگیرد. مردم محلی در حال کمکرسانی هستند. (Heavy rain caused the river in Bala village to overflow and flood homes. Local people are helping.)
Describe a situation where you might see water overflowing, other than a river. For example, a bathtub or a sink. Use "طغیان کردن" (to overflow) in your description.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
وقتی شیر آب سینک باز ماند، آب شروع به طغیان کردن کرد و آشپزخانه را پر کرد. (When the sink faucet was left open, the water started to overflow and filled the kitchen.)
Write a short sentence about what people might do to prevent a river from overflowing if they know heavy rain is coming.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
برای جلوگیری از طغیان کردن رودخانه، مردم میتوانند کیسههای شن را کنار ساحل قرار دهند. (To prevent the river from overflowing, people can place sandbags along the bank.)
چه چیزی باعث شد که رودخانه طغیان کند؟ (What caused the river to overflow?)
Read this passage:
باران شدیدی که دیشب بارید، باعث شد که رودخانه محلی طغیان کند. آب به خانههای اطراف رسید و مردم مجبور شدند خانههای خود را ترک کنند. دولت اعلام کرده است که به زودی کمکهای اضطراری ارسال خواهد شد.
چه چیزی باعث شد که رودخانه طغیان کند؟ (What caused the river to overflow?)
متن میگوید 'باران شدیدی که دیشب بارید، باعث شد که رودخانه محلی طغیان کند.' (The text says 'Heavy rain that fell last night caused the local river to overflow.')
متن میگوید 'باران شدیدی که دیشب بارید، باعث شد که رودخانه محلی طغیان کند.' (The text says 'Heavy rain that fell last night caused the local river to overflow.')
چرا مردم در فصل بارندگی نگران طغیان رودخانهها هستند؟ (Why are people worried about rivers overflowing during the rainy season?)
Read this passage:
هر ساله با شروع فصل بارندگی، نگرانیها از طغیان کردن رودخانهها بیشتر میشود. مسئولین محلی همیشه هشدار میدهند که مردم نزدیک رودخانهها مراقب باشند و احتیاط کنند.
چرا مردم در فصل بارندگی نگران طغیان رودخانهها هستند؟ (Why are people worried about rivers overflowing during the rainy season?)
متن میگوید 'نگرانیها از طغیان کردن رودخانهها بیشتر میشود.' و 'مردم نزدیک رودخانهها مراقب باشند.' این نشان میدهد که خطر اصلی، آسیب رساندن به مردم و اموالشان است. (The text says 'concerns about rivers overflowing increase' and 'people near rivers should be careful.' This indicates the main risk is damage to people and their property.)
متن میگوید 'نگرانیها از طغیان کردن رودخانهها بیشتر میشود.' و 'مردم نزدیک رودخانهها مراقب باشند.' این نشان میدهد که خطر اصلی، آسیب رساندن به مردم و اموالشان است. (The text says 'concerns about rivers overflowing increase' and 'people near rivers should be careful.' This indicates the main risk is damage to people and their property.)
اگر باران ادامه یابد، چه اتفاقی ممکن است بیفتد؟ (If the rain continues, what might happen?)
Read this passage:
بعد از چند روز بارندگی مداوم، آب سد شروع به بالا آمدن کرد. اگر باران ادامه پیدا کند، خطر طغیان کردن سد وجود دارد و ممکن است مناطق پاییندست دچار سیلاب شوند.
اگر باران ادامه یابد، چه اتفاقی ممکن است بیفتد؟ (If the rain continues, what might happen?)
متن به صراحت میگوید 'اگر باران ادامه پیدا کند، خطر طغیان کردن سد وجود دارد و ممکن است مناطق پاییندست دچار سیلاب شوند.' (The text explicitly states 'If the rain continues, there is a risk of the dam overflowing and downstream areas might be flooded.')
متن به صراحت میگوید 'اگر باران ادامه پیدا کند، خطر طغیان کردن سد وجود دارد و ممکن است مناطق پاییندست دچار سیلاب شوند.' (The text explicitly states 'If the rain continues, there is a risk of the dam overflowing and downstream areas might be flooded.')
This sentence means 'There was concern about the river overflowing.' The correct order puts the subject 'concern' first, followed by the preposition 'from' and 'overflowing of the river'.
This sentence means 'Heavy rain caused the river to overflow.' The subject 'heavy rain' comes first, followed by 'caused', then 'overflowing of the river'.
This sentence means 'The overflowing water is under strict control.' 'Overflowing water' is the subject, followed by 'under strict control' and the verb 'is'.
پس از بارشهای سیلآسا، رودخانه از ___ کرد و خانههای اطراف را زیر آب برد.
«طغیان کردن» به معنای سرریز شدن آب رودخانه به دلیل بارندگی زیاد است.
با توجه به هشدارهای هواشناسی، احتمال ___ سد در روزهای آینده وجود دارد.
در این جمله، «طغیان» به معنای افزایش بیش از حد آب و سرریز شدن سد است.
___ رودخانه باعث شد بسیاری از زمینهای کشاورزی منطقه به زیر آب بروند.
«طغیان رودخانه» به معنای بالا آمدن بیش از حد آب رودخانه و جاری شدن آن به مناطق اطراف است.
مهندسان در تلاشند تا با ساخت دیوارهای محافظ، از ___ آب در مناطق مسکونی جلوگیری کنند.
در اینجا، «طغیان آب» به معنای جاری شدن آب به خارج از بستر طبیعی خود است.
بارانهای موسمی شدید اغلب منجر به ___ رودخانهها در مناطق کوهستانی میشود.
بارانهای شدید باعث افزایش حجم آب و در نتیجه «طغیان» رودخانهها میشود.
خبرگزاریها اعلام کردند که به دلیل بارش بیوقفه، سطح آب رودخانه به حد ___ رسیده است.
«حد طغیان» به معنای نقطهای است که آب رودخانه از بستر خود سرریز میشود.
/ 60 correct
Perfect score!
Basic Meaning of 'طغیان کردن'
The core meaning of 'طغیان کردن' is to overflow, specifically when a river or body of water breaks its banks. Think of it like a river getting too full and spilling out.
Common Use with Rivers
You'll most often hear 'طغیان کردن' used in the context of rivers. For example, 'رودخانه طغیان کرد' (The river overflowed).
Cause: Heavy Rain
This verb often implies the overflow is due to heavy rain. So, 'رودخانه به دلیل بارندگی شدید طغیان کرد' (The river overflowed due to heavy rainfall).
Past Tense Usage
It's very common to use 'طغیان کردن' in the past tense when talking about floods that have already happened. For instance, 'رودخانه دیروز طغیان کرد' (The river overflowed yesterday).
Related Content
Related Phrases
More weather words
عقب نشینی کردن
B1To retreat; for a weather front or system to move back.
عقب رفتن
B1To move backward or recede.
عرض جغرافیایی
B1The angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator.
آب شدن
B1To melt; for snow or ice to turn into liquid.
ابهام
B1The quality of being open to more than one interpretation; haze.
ابرناکی
B1The state or degree of being cloudy.
ابری شدن
B1To become covered with clouds.
ابریشمین
B1Resembling silk in texture or appearance; silky (often for clouds).
افق
B1Horizon; the line where the Earth's surface and the sky appear to meet.
آفتاب سوختگی
B1Sunburn; inflammation of the skin caused by overexposure to the sun.
