Expressing Intention: So That (taki, jisse)
ताकि or जिससे, typically followed by a verb in the subjunctive mood.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'taki' (ताकि) or 'jisse' (जिससे) to connect a goal to an action.
- Use 'taki' to express a specific purpose: 'I study so that I pass.'
- Use 'jisse' to express a resulting action: 'I bought a pen, which allows me to write.'
- Ensure the verb in the second clause often uses the subjunctive or future tense.
Overview
Constructing sophisticated sentences in any language requires the ability to express complex relationships between ideas. At the B2 CEFR level in Hindi, you move beyond simple statements of fact to articulate intentions, purposes, and desired outcomes. This is where the conjunctions ताकि (tāki) and जिससे (jissē) become indispensable.
Both translate broadly to "so that" or "in order that," enabling you to connect an action with its underlying goal or consequence. Mastering these allows you to transform basic descriptions into nuanced explanations, reflecting a more advanced understanding of cause and intent.
While seemingly similar, ताकि and जिससे carry distinct semantic weights. ताकि predominantly introduces a direct, volitional purpose: "I do X, so that Y happens." It focuses squarely on the speaker's or subject's intention. In contrast, जिससे often implies "by which means" or "with the result that," suggesting the action (Clause A) enables or leads to the outcome (Clause B), sometimes with less direct volition involved.
This distinction, while subtle, is crucial for precision at an upper-intermediate level. Understanding their usage deepens your ability to articulate the 'why' behind actions, a hallmark of fluent and natural Hindi communication.
How This Grammar Works
ताकि and जिससे function as subordinating conjunctions, linking a main clause (the action being performed) to a subordinate clause (the intended purpose or resulting effect). The linguistic mechanism behind these constructions involves the Subjunctive Mood (जिसे क्रियार्थक वृत्ति — kriyārthak vr̥tti — कहते हैं) in the verb of the subordinate clause. The subjunctive, unlike the indicative mood which states facts, expresses non-factuality: possibility, desire, intention, command, or hypothesis.ताकि (from Persian, meaning "so that") is your primary tool for expressing direct intention or purpose. It signals a deliberate reason for an action. For example, if you say मैं मेहनत कर रहा हूँ ताकि अच्छे नंबर ला सकूँ (maīṁ mehanat kar rahā hūṁ tāki achchhe naṁbar lā sakūṁ – "I am working hard so that I can get good marks"), ताकि clearly indicates that obtaining good marks is the explicit objective of your hard work.जिससे (literally "from which," formed from the oblique form of जो (jo) – "who/which" – with the postposition से (se) – "from/by") carries a slightly different nuance. While it can also express purpose, it often implies the means to an end or a consequential outcome. It suggests that the action in the main clause serves as the method or creates the condition for the result in the subordinate clause.मैंने ईमेल भेजा जिससे वे सूचित हो जाएँ (maīṁne īmel bhejā jisse ve sūchit ho jāeṁ – "I sent an email so that they get informed"). Here, sending the email is the means by which they will be informed. In some contexts, जिससे can even lean towards indicating a more passive consequence rather than an active, direct intention, though in purpose clauses, intention is generally implied.ताकि and is particularly common in written Hindi or more elaborate spoken discourse.Formation Pattern
ताकि and जिससे is straightforward once you understand the role of the subjunctive mood. The basic pattern is a two-clause construction: a main clause stating the action, followed by the conjunction and a subordinate clause expressing the purpose or intended outcome, with its verb in the subjunctive.
[Main Clause (Action)] + ताकि / जिससे + [Subordinate Clause (Purpose / Intention)]
मैं पढ़ रहा हूँ (maīṁ paṛh rahā hūṁ – "I am studying")
उसने दरवाज़ा बंद किया (usne darvāzā baṁd kiyā – "He closed the door")
ताकि or जिससे based on the nuance you wish to convey (direct purpose vs. means/consequence).
पढ़ना (paṛhnā – to study): मैं पढ़ रहा हूँ ताकि परीक्षा में पास होऊँ (maīṁ paṛh rahā hūṁ tāki parīkṣā meṁ pās hoūṁ – "I am studying so that I may pass the exam.")
बंद करना (baṁd karnā – to close): उसने दरवाज़ा बंद किया जिससे अंदर की आवाज़ बाहर न जाए (usne darvāzā baṁd kiyā jisse aṁdar kī āvāz bāhar na jāe – "He closed the door so that the inside noise doesn't go out.")
जा- from जाना – to go, कर- from करना – to do) and adding specific endings. It's crucial to remember that होना (honā – to be) and सकना (saknā – to be able to) are frequently used in the subjunctive in purpose clauses to express possibility or a state of being.
जाना – to go, पढ़ना – to read/study, करना – to do):
जाना) | Transliteration |
-ū̃) | जाऊँ (jaū̃) | I may go |
-o) | जाओ (jāo) | You (inf.) may go |
-e) | जाए (jāe) | He/She/It may go |
-eṁ) | जाएँ (jāeṁ) | We may go |
-eṁ) | जाएँ (jāeṁ) | You (for.) may go |
-eṁ) | जाएँ (jāeṁ) | They may go |
होना (honā – to be) and सकना (saknā – to be able to):
होना (to be) | Transliteration | सकना (to be able to) | Transliteration |
hoū̃) | I may be | सकूँ (sakū̃) | I may be able |
hoō) | You may be | सको (sako) | You may be able |
ho) | He/She may be | सके (sake) | He/She may be able |
hoṅ) | We may be | सकें (sakeṁ) | We may be able |
hoṅ) | You may be | सकें (sakeṁ) | You may be able |
hoṅ) | They may be | सकें (sakeṁ) | They may be able |
मैं नोट्स बना रहा हूँ ताकि बाद में सब याद रहे। (maīṁ noṭs banā rahā hūṁ tāki bād meṁ sab yād rahe.)
मैं नोट्स बना रहा हूँ ("I am making notes")
ताकि ("so that")
बाद में सब याद रहे ("everything remains remembered later")
रहना (rahnā – to remain) is in the subjunctive रहे (rahe).
हमने प्रोजेक्ट समय पर पूरा किया जिससे हमें इनाम मिले। (hamne projeckṭ samay par pūrā kiyā jisse hameṁ inām mile.)
हमने प्रोजेक्ट समय पर पूरा किया ("We completed the project on time")
जिससे ("so that / as a result")
हमें इनाम मिले ("we get an award")
मिलना (milnā – to get) is in the subjunctive मिले (mile).
When To Use It
- Expressing Personal Goals and Intentions: When you want to clearly state why you are doing something,
ताकिis your primary choice. This applies to daily activities, long-term plans, or immediate needs. मैं रोज़ हिंदी का अभ्यास करता हूँ ताकि मैं फ़्लूएंट हो जाऊँ।(maīṁ roz hiṁdī kā abhyās kartā hūṁ tāki maīṁ flūeṁṭ ho jāūṁ।– "I practice Hindi daily so that I become fluent.")मैंने अलार्म लगाया ताकि मैं सुबह जल्दी उठ सकूँ।(maīṁne alārm lagāyā tāki maīṁ subah jaldī uṭh sakūṁ।– "I set an alarm so that I can wake up early in the morning.")
- Explaining Means to an End or Consequential Outcomes:
जिससेis particularly useful when the main action functions as a method or condition for the desired result. It implies a causal link where the first action facilitates the second. कृपया यह फ़ॉर्म भरें जिससे हम आपकी जानकारी प्रोसेस कर सकें।(kr̥payā yah form bhareṁ jisse ham āpkī jānakārī proses kar sakeṁ।– "Please fill out this form so that we can process your information.")सरकार ने नए नियम लागू किए जिससे प्रदूषण कम हो।(sarkār ne nae niyam lāgū kie jisse pradūṣaṇ kam ho।– "The government implemented new rules so that pollution decreases.")
- Giving Instructions or Making Requests: Both
ताकिandजिससेcan subtly appear in instructions or requests where the purpose is implicit. You're telling someone to do something for a reason. लाइट बंद कर दो ताकि कोई बिजली बर्बाद न हो।(lāiṭ baṁd kar do tāki koī bijlī barbād na ho।– "Turn off the light so that no electricity is wasted.")मुझे मैसेज करना जिससे मैं तुम्हें पिकअप कर सकूँ।(mujhe mesej karnā jisse maīṁ tumheṁ pikap kar sakūṁ।– "Message me so that I can pick you up.")
- In Formal and Academic Contexts: While
ताकिis universally applicable,जिससेoften lends a slightly more formal or analytical tone, making it suitable for academic papers, official reports, or professional communications. It can highlight the logical consequence or the intended impact of a policy or procedure. हमने एक विस्तृत रिपोर्ट तैयार की है ताकि प्रबंधन सही निर्णय ले सके।(hamne ek vistr̥t riporṭ taiyār kī hai tāki prabaṁdhan sahī nirṇay le sake।– "We have prepared a detailed report so that the management can make the right decision.")कंपनी ने नई तकनीक में निवेश किया जिससे उनकी उत्पादन क्षमता बढ़े।(kaṁpanī ne naī takanīk meṁ niveś kiyā jisse unkī utpādan kṣamatā baṛhe।– "The company invested in new technology so that its production capacity increases.")
Common Mistakes
ताकि and जिससे. These mistakes often stem from an insufficient grasp of the subjunctive mood or a direct transfer of English grammatical structures. Addressing these explicitly will refine your usage.- Using Future Tense Instead of Subjunctive: This is arguably the most prevalent error. English speakers are accustomed to using "will" or "can" + verb after "so that." However, in Hindi, using the future tense (
-गा,-गी,-गे) in the purpose clause afterताकिorजिससेis grammatically incorrect for expressing intention. The future tense implies a definite future event, whereas purpose implies a desired but not yet guaranteed outcome. - ✗ Incorrect:
मैं जल्दी घर जाऊँगा ताकि मैं अपनी माँ से मिलूँगा।(maīṁ jaldī ghar jāūṁgā tāki maīṁ apnī māṁ se milūṁgā।) - Why it's wrong:
मिलूँगा(milūṁgā) is future tense, suggesting certainty. The speaker's goal is to meet, not a guaranteed meeting. - ✓ Correct:
मैं जल्दी घर जाऊँगा ताकि मैं अपनी माँ से मिल सकूँ।(maīṁ jaldī ghar jāūṁgā tāki maīṁ apnī māṁ se mil sakūṁ।– "I will go home early so that I can meet my mother.") - Explanation:
मिल सकूँ(mil sakūṁ) usesसकना(saknā) in the subjunctive, expressing ability/possibility as the intention. - ✓ Correct (Alternative):
मैं जल्दी घर जाऊँगा ताकि मैं अपनी माँ से मिलूँ।(maīṁ jaldī ghar jāūṁgā tāki maīṁ apnī māṁ se milūṁ।– "I will go home early so that I may meet my mother.") - Explanation:
मिलूँ(milūṁ) isमिलना(milnā) in the subjunctive, directly expressing the desired action.
- Incorrect Placement of Negation: When you want to express "so that... not," the negation (
न(na) orनहीं(nahīṁ)) must precede the main verb in the subordinate clause. - ✗ Incorrect:
चुप रहो ताकि शोर न करो।(chup raho tāki shor na karo।) - ✓ Correct:
चुप रहो ताकि शोर न हो।(chup raho tāki shor na ho।– "Be quiet so that there isn't any noise.") - ✓ Correct:
सावधान रहो जिससे तुम्हें चोट न लगे।(sāvdhān raho jisse tumheṁ choṭ na lage।– "Be careful so that you don't get hurt.")
- Over-reliance on
के लिए(ke lie): Whileके लिएmeans "for the purpose of" and is suitable for nominal purposes (e.g.,पढ़ाई के लिए– "for studying"), it cannot introduce a full clause with a subject and a conjugated verb. Usingताकिorजिससेfor clausal purpose demonstrates higher proficiency. - ✗ Incorrect:
वह काम कर रहा है खाने के लिए वह भूख नहीं रहेगी।(vah kām kar rahā hai khāne ke lie vah bhūkh nahīṁ rahegī।) - ✓ Correct:
वह काम कर रहा है ताकि उसे भूख न लगे।(vah kām kar rahā hai tāki use bhūkh na lage।– "He is working so that he doesn't feel hungry.")
- Confusing
जिससेwith simpleऔर(aur) orतो(to):जिससेimplies a direct causal link or enabling means, not just a sequential action or general consequence. Don't use it as a generic connector for "and then" or "so." - ✗ Incorrect:
मैंने खाना खाया जिससे मैं सो गया।(This implies eating caused falling asleep, which might be true, but if the intention was just to state sequence,औरwould be better). - ✓ Correct (for purpose):
मैंने दवाई खाई जिससे मेरा दर्द कम हो।(maīṁne davāī khāī jisse merā dard kam ho।– "I took medicine so that my pain reduces.")
- Misinterpreting
ताकिasक्यूँकि(kyūnki– because): This fundamental error reverses the cause-effect relationship.ताकिlooks forward to a goal;क्यूँकिlooks backward to a reason. - ✗ Incorrect:
मैं थक गया हूँ ताकि मैंने बहुत काम किया।(maīṁ thak gayā hūṁ tāki maīṁne bahut kām kiyā।) - ✓ Correct (using
क्यूँकि):मैं थक गया हूँ क्यूँकि मैंने बहुत काम किया।(maīṁ thak gayā hūṁ kyūṁki maīṁne bahut kām kiyā।– "I am tired because I worked a lot.") - ✓ Correct (using
ताकिfor a future intention):मैं थोड़ा आराम करूँगा ताकि मैं फिर से ऊर्जावान हो जाऊँ।(maīṁ thoṛā ārām karūṁgā tāki maīṁ phir se ūrjāvān ho jāūṁ।– "I will rest a little so that I can become energetic again.")
Real Conversations
To truly master ताकि and जिससे, observe and practice their use in authentic communicative contexts. Native speakers employ these conjunctions seamlessly across various registers, from casual WhatsApp messages to formal business correspondence. Pay attention to how the choice between ताकि and जिससे can subtly shift the tone or emphasis.
1. Casual Conversation/Texting (ताकि is very common here):
- Friend A: आज रात मूवी देखें? (āj rāt mūvī dekheṁ? – "Shall we watch a movie tonight?")
- Friend B: हाँ, पर पहले होमवर्क कर लूँ ताकि कल की छुट्टी एंजॉय कर सकूँ। (hāṁ, par pahle homavark kar lūṁ tāki kal kī chuṭṭī eṁjôy kar sakūṁ। – "Yes, but let me finish my homework first so that I can enjoy tomorrow's holiday.")
- Parent to child: अपना बैग पैक कर लो ताकि सुबह देर न हो। (apnā baig paik kar lo tāki subah der na ho। – "Pack your bag so that there isn't a delay in the morning.")
2. Professional/Academic Contexts (जिससे often preferred for a slightly more formal or explanatory tone):
- Work Email: मैंने मीटिंग का एजेंडा भेज दिया है जिससे सभी को पर्याप्त तैयारी का समय मिल सके। (maīṁne mīṭiṁg kā ejeṁḍā bhej diyā hai jisse sabhī ko paryāpt taiyārī kā samay mil sake। – "I have sent the meeting agenda so that everyone can get enough time to prepare.")
- Discussion: यह रिसर्च बहुत महत्वपूर्ण है जिससे हम समस्या की जड़ तक पहुँच सकें। (yah risarch bahut mahatvapūrṇ hai jisse ham samasyā kī jaṛ tak pahuṁch sakeṁ। – "This research is very important so that we can reach the root of the problem.")
3. Social Media/Public Announcements (often concise, both can be used):
- Event Post: जल्दी रजिस्टर करें ताकि अपनी सीट सुनिश्चित कर सकें! (jaldī rajisṭar kareṁ tāki apnī sīṭ suniścit kar sakeṁ! – "Register quickly so that you can secure your seat!")
- Public Service Announcement: पानी बचाएँ जिससे हमारी आने वाली पीढ़ियाँ भी उसका उपयोग कर सकें। (pānī bacāeṁ jisse hamārī āne vālī pīṛhiyāṁ bhī uskā upayog kar sakeṁ। – "Save water so that our future generations can also use it.")
4. Imperative/Instructional Settings:
- Cook: सब्ज़ियाँ धो लो ताकि वे अच्छी तरह साफ़ हो जाएँ। (sabziyāṁ dho lo tāki ve acchī tarah sāf ho jāeṁ। – "Wash the vegetables so that they become thoroughly clean.")
- Teacher to students: किताबें खोलो जिससे तुम पाठ पढ़ सको। (kitābeṁ kholo jisse tum pāṭh paṛh sako। – "Open your books so that you can read the lesson.")
Notice that in many of these examples, सकना (saknā) in its subjunctive form (सकूँ, सको, सके, सकें) is frequently employed. This is because expressing an intention often implies the ability to achieve that intention. Therefore, verb + सकना (subjunctive) is a highly common and idiomatic construction in purpose clauses. Incorporating this pattern will make your Hindi sound significantly more natural and advanced.
Quick FAQ
ताकि and जिससे.- Q: Is
ताकिmore formal thanजिससेor vice-versa? - A: Not precisely.
ताकिis incredibly versatile and used universally in both formal and informal contexts.जिससेcan, at times, sound slightly more formal or literary, especially when emphasizing the means or consequence rather than just direct intent. However, both are common in spoken and written Hindi. The key distinction lies more in their semantic nuance rather than a strict formality scale.
- Q: Can I start a sentence with
ताकिorजिससे? - A: Generally, no. Both
ताकिandजिससेare subordinating conjunctions; their function is to connect a subordinate clause (purpose) to a main clause (action). They require a preceding clause to establish context. Starting a sentence with them would leave the main action unspoken, making the sentence grammatically incomplete and confusing. You perform an action so that something happens, not so that something happens, you perform an action.
- Q: Do I always need to use the Subjunctive Mood after these conjunctions?
- A: For expressing intention, purpose, or desired outcome, the answer is overwhelmingly yes. The subjunctive mood is fundamental here because it conveys non-factuality – the outcome is a goal, a possibility, or a wish, not a confirmed event. Deviating to the indicative (especially future tense) implies a certainty that is semantically inappropriate for purpose clauses. While very rarely, in specific idiomatic or literary expressions, you might encounter other moods, sticking to the subjunctive is the rule for B2 learners expressing purpose.
- Q: Can
ताकिbe used to mean "because"? - A: Absolutely not. This is a crucial distinction.
ताकिexplicitly means "so that" (indicating purpose/forward-looking cause), whileक्यूँकि(kyūṁki) means "because" (indicating reason/backward-looking cause). Confusing these will entirely reverse the meaning of your sentence. Always remember:ताकि= goal,क्यूँकि= reason.
- Q: Are there other phrases that express similar meanings?
- A: Yes, Hindi offers several ways to express purpose, though
ताकिandजिससेare the most common clausal conjunctions. के लिए(ke lie): "for" or "for the sake of." Used with nouns or infinitives (e.g.,पानी पीने के लिए– "to drink water"). Cannot introduce a full clause.इस उद्देश्य से कि(is uddeshya se ki): "with the objective that." More formal and emphatic thanताकि, often used in official or academic writing. It's essentially a longer, more explicit version ofताकि.जिससे कि(jisse ki): An extended version ofजिससे, often interchangeable withजिससेand sometimesताकि, particularly in more formal contexts. It reinforces the subordinating nature of the clause. (e.g.,उसने ध्यान से सुना जिससे कि उसे सब समझ आ जाए।– "He listened carefully so that he might understand everything.")
Subjunctive Verb Endings for 'Taki' Clauses
| Subject | Root Verb | Subjunctive Form |
|---|---|---|
|
Main
|
Padhna
|
Padhun
|
|
Tum
|
Padhna
|
Padho
|
|
Woh
|
Padhna
|
Padhe
|
|
Hum
|
Padhna
|
Padhen
|
|
Aap
|
Padhna
|
Padhen
|
|
Ve
|
Padhna
|
Padhen
|
Meanings
These conjunctions link an action to its intended purpose or resulting consequence.
Purpose (Intent)
Expressing the reason or goal behind an action.
“वह मेहनत कर रहा है ताकि वह परीक्षा पास कर सके।”
“मैंने अलार्म लगाया ताकि मैं समय पर उठूँ।”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Action + Taki + Goal
|
Main kaam karta hoon taki paise kamaun.
|
|
Negative
|
Action + Taki + Na
|
Dheere chalo taki giro na.
|
|
Question
|
Kya tum... taki...?
|
Kya tum aaye taki hum baat kar sakein?
|
|
Result
|
Action + Jisse + Result
|
Usne mehnat ki jisse woh jeet gaya.
|
Formality Spectrum
मैं कार्य कर रहा हूँ ताकि मैं सफल हो सकूँ। (Professional/Social)
मैं काम कर रहा हूँ ताकि मैं सफल हो सकूँ। (Professional/Social)
मैं काम कर रहा हूँ ताकि मैं सफल हो जाऊँ। (Professional/Social)
काम कर रहा हूँ ताकि सेट हो जाऊँ। (Professional/Social)
Purpose vs Result
Purpose
- ताकि so that
Result
- जिससे whereby
Examples by Level
मैं पढ़ता हूँ ताकि मैं सीखूँ।
I study so that I learn.
वह दौड़ता है ताकि वह फिट रहे।
He runs so that he stays fit.
मैंने उसे बुलाया ताकि हम बात कर सकें।
I called him so that we could talk.
उसने नई तकनीक अपनाई जिससे काम आसान हो गया।
He adopted new tech, whereby work became easy.
सरकार ने नियम बदले ताकि भ्रष्टाचार कम हो सके।
The govt changed rules so that corruption could decrease.
उसने अपनी कार्यप्रणाली में सुधार किया जिससे उत्पादकता में वृद्धि हुई।
He improved his workflow, whereby productivity increased.
Easily Confused
Both connect clauses.
Common Mistakes
Main padhta hoon kyunki main pass ho.
Main padhta hoon taki main pass ho sakun.
Woh aaya taki woh khata hai.
Woh aaya taki woh khaye.
Maine pen kharida taki main likha.
Maine pen kharida taki main likh sakun.
Usne mehnat ki jisse woh pass ho.
Usne mehnat ki jisse woh pass ho gaya.
Sentence Patterns
Main ___ karta hoon taki ___.
Real World Usage
Location bhej taki main aa sakun.
Subjunctive check
Smart Tips
Use Taki.
Pronunciation
Taki
Emphasize the 'ta' and 'ki' clearly.
Rising-Falling
Action (rise) + Taki (flat) + Goal (fall)
Shows clear intent.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
TAKI = Take Action, Keep Intent.
Visual Association
Imagine a person holding a key (Action) to open a door (Taki) to a treasure room (Goal).
Rhyme
Use 'taki' for the goal you seek, use 'jisse' for the result you speak.
Story
Rohan studied hard (Action). He did this 'taki' he could get a job. He got the job, 'jisse' his life changed.
Word Web
Challenge
Write 3 sentences about your daily goals using 'taki'.
Cultural Notes
Used frequently in formal education settings.
Derived from Sanskrit roots for 'that' and 'purpose'.
Conversation Starters
आप हिंदी क्यों सीख रहे हैं?
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
Main padhta hoon ___ main pass ho sakun.
Score: /1
Practice Exercises
1 exercisesMain padhta hoon ___ main pass ho sakun.
Score: /1
Practice Bank
10 exercisesगाड़ी धीरे चलाओ ___ एक्सीडेंट न हो।
सकें / ताकि / खाना / बचाओ / सब / खा
I am saving money so that I can buy a car.
धूप में मत जाओ ___ त्वचा न जले।
उसने खिड़की खोली ताकि ताज़ी हवा आती है।
Match the pairs:
लाइट बंद कर दो ___ मैं सो ___।
Choose the best formal response:
दिखे / साफ़ / चश्मा / पहनो / जिससे
Translate to Hindi:
Score: /10
FAQ (1)
Yes, but the verb tense must match.
Scaffolded Practice
1
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
para que
None.
afin que
None.
damit
Verb position.
tame ni
Structure.
likay
None.
yibian
Word order.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Related Grammar Rules
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Absolute Phrase Connectors (ke chalte, ke rehte)
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Formal Hindi Connectors: Sound Like a Pro (`यद्यपि`, `तथापि`, `अतः`)
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