द्वेष in 30 Seconds
- Dvesh: deep, persistent hatred or ill-will.
- It's a noun representing strong malice.
- Used for intense, lasting negative feelings.
- Avoid for minor dislikes; use for profound animosity.
Understanding 'द्वेष' (Dvesh)
'द्वेष' (Dvesh) is a powerful Hindi word that signifies a deep-seated, negative emotion. It's more than just dislike; it's a persistent and often intense feeling of ill-will, hatred, or malice directed towards another person, group, or even an idea. This feeling is not fleeting; it tends to linger, shaping one's attitudes and potentially motivating harmful actions or thoughts. When someone harbors 'द्वेष', they are not simply annoyed; they feel a profound animosity.
- Nuances of 'द्वेष'
- 'द्वेष' implies a conscious or unconscious resentment that can fester over time. It's often born from perceived slights, betrayals, or fundamental disagreements that have not been resolved. This can manifest as a desire for the downfall or suffering of the object of the 'द्वेष'. It’s a serious emotion that can poison relationships and communities.
- Contexts for Usage
- You might encounter 'द्वेष' in discussions about personal conflicts, historical grievances, political rivalries, or social injustices. It's a word used when the negative feelings are significant and have a lasting impact. For instance, a long-standing family feud might be described as being fueled by 'द्वेष'. In literature and philosophy, 'द्वेष' is often explored as a destructive human emotion that needs to be overcome for peace and harmony.
सांप्रदायिक द्वेष समाज के लिए हानिकारक है।
When someone speaks of 'द्वेष', they are often describing a situation where bitterness and animosity have taken root, leading to a breakdown in positive relations. It's a term that carries significant weight, indicating a profound level of negative sentiment.
- The Root of the Feeling
- The feeling of 'द्वेष' can stem from various sources. It might arise from a sense of injustice, a feeling of being wronged, or a deep-seated prejudice. In some cases, it can be a learned behavior, passed down through generations within families or communities. Understanding the origin of 'द्वेष' is crucial to addressing it, whether on a personal or societal level. It's a complex emotion that often requires significant effort to overcome.
उसकी आँखों में अपने पड़ोसी के प्रति द्वेष साफ झलक रहा था।
- Distinguishing from Similar Emotions
- While 'द्वेष' involves strong negative feelings, it's important to distinguish it from simpler emotions like anger or annoyance. Anger might be a temporary reaction to a specific event, whereas 'द्वेष' is a more sustained state of animosity. Annoyance is a mild form of displeasure, whereas 'द्वेष' implies a much deeper and more powerful negative sentiment. It's the persistence and intensity that define 'द्वेष'.
Constructing Sentences with 'द्वेष'
Using 'द्वेष' (Dvesh) effectively in sentences requires understanding its grammatical role as a noun and the depth of emotion it conveys. It typically refers to the feeling itself, often as the subject or object of a sentence, or as part of a descriptive phrase.
- 'द्वेष' as the Subject
- When 'द्वेष' is the subject, the sentence focuses on the existence or nature of this ill-will. It often describes a state of being or a driving force behind actions.
उस व्यक्ति के मन में मेरे प्रति द्वेष भर गया है।
द्वेष किसी भी रिश्ते को तबाह कर सकता है।
- 'द्वेष' as the Object
- When 'द्वेष' is the object of a verb, the sentence describes an action related to this feeling, such as harboring, spreading, or overcoming it.
हमें अपने दिलों से द्वेष को निकालना चाहिए।
नेता ने जनता के बीच द्वेष फैलाने की कोशिश की।
- Describing Feelings of 'द्वेष'
- 'द्वेष' can be used in phrases to describe the presence or nature of this emotion in a person or situation.
उसकी बातों में द्वेष की भावना थी।
दो देशों के बीच लंबे समय से द्वेष चला आ रहा है।
- Using Adjectives with 'द्वेष'
- While 'द्वेष' itself is a noun, you can use adjectives to describe the intensity or nature of this feeling.
उन दोनों के बीच एक गहरा द्वेष था।
यह द्वेष केवल एकतरफा नहीं था, बल्कि दोनों तरफ से था।
- Common Sentence Structures
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Observe these common structures:
- Subject + 'में' + Object + 'के प्रति' + 'द्वेष' + Verb (e.g., उसके मन में मेरे प्रति द्वेष है।)
- 'द्वेष' + Verb (e.g., द्वेष बढ़ता जा रहा है।)
- Object + 'को' + 'द्वेष' + Verb (e.g., हमें द्वेष को भूलना चाहिए।)
- 'द्वेष' + 'की' + Noun (e.g., द्वेष की आग।)
Real-World Applications of 'द्वेष'
The word 'द्वेष' (Dvesh) is not just a literary term; it is frequently used in various aspects of daily life, media, and formal discussions in Hindi-speaking regions. Understanding these contexts helps in appreciating its significance and appropriate usage.
- News and Current Affairs
- In news reports, 'द्वेष' is often used to describe social or political tensions. You'll hear it when discussing communal conflicts, political rivalries, or international disputes where deep-seated animosity is a factor. For example, a news anchor might report on incidents fueled by 'सांप्रदायिक द्वेष' (communal hatred) or 'राजनीतिक द्वेष' (political animosity).
खबरों में अक्सर द्वेष फैलाने वाले भाषणों का जिक्र होता है।
- Social Commentary and Discussions
- In everyday conversations about societal issues, people might use 'द्वेष' to express their concern about rising intolerance or prejudice. Discussions about discrimination, casteism, or religious extremism often involve the concept of 'द्वेष' as a root cause.
समाज में द्वेष की भावना बढ़ रही है, यह चिंता का विषय है।
- Literature and Film
- Authors and filmmakers often use 'द्वेष' to characterize antagonists or to explore the darker aspects of human nature. Stories of revenge, betrayal, and long-standing feuds frequently involve characters driven by 'द्वेष'. It adds depth and intensity to narratives.
उस उपन्यास में मुख्य पात्र के द्वेष का चित्रण बहुत मार्मिक है।
- Personal Relationships
- In more personal contexts, though perhaps less frequently in casual conversation unless the situation is serious, 'द्वेष' can describe the deep-seated animosity between individuals, such as in family disputes or long-term rivalries. It signifies a level of ill-will that goes beyond simple disagreement.
भाई-बहन के बीच बचपन से ही द्वेष था।
- Religious and Philosophical Texts
- In religious scriptures and philosophical discussions, 'द्वेष' is often contrasted with positive emotions like love and compassion. It's discussed as a negative trait that hinders spiritual growth and societal harmony. Texts might explore ways to overcome 'द्वेष' through practices like forgiveness and understanding.
बौद्ध धर्म में द्वेष को एक प्रमुख बाधा माना जाता है।
Avoiding Pitfalls When Using 'द्वेष'
While 'द्वेष' (Dvesh) is a potent word, learners can sometimes misuse it or confuse it with similar-sounding or conceptually related words. Understanding these common mistakes will help you use 'द्वेष' accurately and effectively.
- Mistake 1: Confusing 'द्वेष' with Mild Dislike or Annoyance
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'द्वेष' signifies a deep, persistent, and often intense ill-will or hatred. It is not equivalent to simply disliking someone or being annoyed by their actions. Using 'द्वेष' for minor grievances trivializes its meaning and can sound overly dramatic or insincere.
- Incorrect: मुझे मेरा पड़ोसी पसंद नहीं है, इसलिए मुझे उससे द्वेष है। (I don't like my neighbor, so I have malice towards him.) - This is too strong for simple dislike.
- Correct: मुझे मेरा पड़ोसी पसंद नहीं है, लेकिन द्वेष जैसी कोई भावना नहीं है। (I don't like my neighbor, but there's no feeling like malice.)
- Alternative for dislike: नापसंदगी (Napasandagi)
- Mistake 2: Misinterpreting its Intensity
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Native speakers use 'द्वेष' when the feeling is truly profound and sustained. Learners might use it to describe anger or resentment that is temporary or less intense. This can lead to sounding overly aggressive or confrontational in contexts where it's not warranted.
- Incorrect: उसने मुझे देर से जवाब दिया, जिससे मुझे द्वेष हुआ। (He replied to me late, which caused me malice.) - This implies a level of hatred for a minor inconvenience.
- Correct: उसने मुझे देर से जवाब दिया, जिससे मुझे थोड़ी निराशा हुई। (He replied to me late, which caused me a little disappointment.)
- Alternative for anger/frustration: गुस्सा (Gussa), निराशा (Nirasha)
- Mistake 3: Using it as a Verb
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'द्वेष' is a noun. You cannot directly use it as a verb like 'to hate'. While the concept implies hating, the word itself refers to the state or feeling of hatred. Learners might incorrectly try to conjugate it or use it in verb structures.
- Incorrect: मैं उससे द्वेष करता हूँ। (I hate him.) - Grammatically incorrect.
- Correct: मैं उससे घृणा करता हूँ। (I hate him.) OR उसके मन में मेरे प्रति द्वेष है। (He harbors malice towards me.)
- Verb for 'to hate': घृणा करना (Ghrina karna)
- Mistake 4: Confusing with 'ईर्ष्या' (Irshya - Envy/Jealousy)
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'ईर्ष्या' refers to the feeling of wanting what someone else has (envy) or feeling insecure about a relationship due to a third party (jealousy). 'द्वेष' is about ill-will and hatred, not necessarily about coveting what others possess or fearing loss of affection.
- Incorrect: उसे मेरी सफलता से द्वेष है। (He has malice towards my success.) - While possible, it's more likely 'ईर्ष्या'.
- Correct: उसे मेरी सफलता से ईर्ष्या है। (He is envious of my success.)
- Mistake 5: Overuse in Casual Contexts
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Because 'द्वेष' is a strong word, using it too frequently in casual conversation can make your language sound unnecessarily harsh or dramatic. Reserve it for situations where the intensity of hatred or malice is genuinely present.
- Overuse: मैं उस फिल्म से द्वेष करता हूँ। (I have malice towards that movie.) - This is an exaggeration.
- Better: मुझे वह फिल्म बिल्कुल पसंद नहीं आई। (I did not like that movie at all.)
Exploring Nuances: Alternatives to 'द्वेष'
While 'द्वेष' (Dvesh) signifies deep-seated ill-will and hatred, Hindi offers a range of words that express similar or related negative emotions. Understanding these alternatives helps in choosing the most precise word for a given context.
- घृणा (Ghrina)
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Meaning: Hatred, loathing. This is perhaps the closest synonym to 'द्वेष' and is often used interchangeably. 'घृणा' can be a direct and strong expression of intense dislike and aversion.
Usage Comparison: While both imply strong negative feelings, 'द्वेष' often suggests a more persistent, festering resentment, sometimes with an element of malice or ill-intent, whereas 'घृणा' can be a more immediate and visceral reaction of disgust and aversion.
Example: घृणा एक विनाशकारी भावना है। (Hatred is a destructive emotion.)
- नफ़रत (Nafrat)
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Meaning: Hatred, animosity. This is a very common word for hatred, often used in everyday language. It is generally less formal than 'घृणा' or 'द्वेष'.
Usage Comparison: 'नफ़रत' is a general term for hatred. 'द्वेष' implies a deeper, more ingrained sense of malice or resentment, often with a history behind it. 'नफ़रत' can be a reaction to something specific, while 'द्वेष' often suggests a more pervasive negative state.
Example: आतंकवाद नफ़रत फैलाता है। (Terrorism spreads hatred.)
- बैroyalblue (Bair/Bairbhav)
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Meaning: Enmity, hostility, animosity. This term refers to a state of opposition or conflict between individuals or groups.
Usage Comparison: 'बैroyalblue' describes the state of being enemies or having hostility. 'द्वेष' is the feeling or emotion that often fuels this enmity. You can have 'बैroyalblue' without necessarily feeling intense personal 'द्वेष', but 'द्वेष' usually leads to 'बैroyalblue'.
Example: दोनों परिवारों के बीच पुरानी बैroyalblue थी। (There was old enmity between the two families.)
- ईर्ष्या (Irshya)
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Meaning: Envy, jealousy. This is distinct from 'द्वेष'. 'ईर्ष्या' is the feeling of discontented or resentful longing aroused by someone else's possessions, qualities, or luck. It is not directly about ill-will towards the person, but about wanting what they have or fearing loss.
Usage Comparison: 'ईर्ष्या' is about wanting what someone else has or feeling threatened. 'द्वेष' is about actively wishing harm or feeling intense dislike.
Example: उसकी सफलता से मुझे ईर्ष्या नहीं, बल्कि खुशी हुई। (I felt happy, not envious, of his success.)
- क्रोध (Krodh)
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Meaning: Anger, wrath. Anger is a strong emotion of displeasure, hostility, or antagonism. While anger can be a component or precursor to 'द्वेष', 'द्वेष' is a more sustained and deeper form of negative sentiment.
Usage Comparison: Anger is often a reaction to a specific event or perceived wrong. 'द्वेष' is a more ingrained and persistent state of ill-will that may or may not stem from a single incident. One can be angry without harboring 'द्वेष'.
Example: उसके व्यवहार पर मुझे क्रोध आया। (I got angry at his behavior.)
- Malice vs. Hatred
- 'द्वेष' often carries a connotation of malice – a desire to harm or see harm come to someone. While 'घृणा' and 'नफ़रत' primarily mean hatred, 'द्वेष' can encompass both hatred and the intent to cause suffering.
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
The Sanskrit root 'dviṣ' is related to the Proto-Indo-European root '*dweys-' which also meant 'to frighten', 'to be afraid', or 'to hate'. This connection highlights the ancient and fundamental nature of negative emotions in human experience.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing 'v' as 'w': Incorrectly saying 'dwesh' instead of 'dvesh'.
- Shortening the vowel sound: Saying 'dvesh' with a short 'e' sound instead of the long 'ay'.
- Using an alveolar 'd' instead of a dental 'd': The 'd' should be pronounced with the tongue against the teeth, not the alveolar ridge behind them.
Difficulty Rating
Recognizing 'द्वेष' in reading material requires understanding its strong negative connotation. It's often used in contexts discussing conflict, history, or deep-seated negative emotions, which might involve complex sentence structures or vocabulary.
Using 'द्वेष' accurately in writing demands a good grasp of its intensity and nuances. Learners need to ensure they are not overusing it for minor dislikes and are using it in appropriate contexts, such as formal essays, literature, or serious discussions.
Speaking with 'द्वेष' requires confidence and awareness of the word's weight. It's important to use it judiciously in conversations to avoid sounding overly aggressive or dramatic, unless the context genuinely calls for it.
Understanding 'द्वेष' when spoken requires paying attention to the speaker's tone and the context. It signifies a strong negative emotion, so listeners should be aware of its potential implications.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Using postpositions with nouns to indicate direction or target of emotion.
The postposition 'के प्रति' (ke prati) is often used with 'द्वेष' to show who the malice is directed towards. Example: 'उसके मन में मेरे प्रति द्वेष है।' (He has malice towards me.)
Formation of adjectives using suffixes like '-पूर्ण' (-poorn).
The noun 'द्वेष' (malice) can form the adjective 'द्वेषपूर्ण' (dveshpoorn - malicious) by adding '-पूर्ण' (full of). Example: 'उसका व्यवहार द्वेषपूर्ण था।' (His behavior was malicious.)
Using verbs like 'रखना' (rakhna - to keep/harbor) or 'पालना' (paalna - to nurture) with nouns denoting emotions.
One can 'harbor' malice: 'मन में द्वेष रखना।' (To harbor malice in one's heart.)
Using 'की' (ki) to show possession or association.
Describing the 'fire of malice': 'द्वेष की आग।' (The fire of malice.)
The use of 'से' (se) to indicate the cause or origin of a feeling.
A feeling arising from malice: 'यह द्वेष से उपजा था।' (This arose from malice.)
Examples by Level
यह बच्चा हमेशा दूसरों से द्वेष करता है।
This child always has ill-will towards others.
'द्वेष' (Dvesh) is a noun meaning ill-will or malice.
उसके मन में मेरे लिए द्वेष है।
He harbors malice towards me in his heart.
'द्वेष' is used here as the object of the feeling 'है' (is/exists).
हमें द्वेष नहीं फैलाना चाहिए।
We should not spread ill-will.
'फैलाना' (phailana) means to spread. 'द्वेष' is the thing being spread.
पुराने द्वेष के कारण वे बात नहीं करते।
Due to old animosity, they do not talk.
'के कारण' (ke karan) means 'due to'. 'पुराने द्वेष' means 'old malice/animosity'.
उसकी बातों में द्वेष था।
There was malice in his words.
'बातें' (baatein) means words. 'में' (mein) means 'in'.
यह द्वेष अच्छा नहीं है।
This malice is not good.
'यह' (yah) means 'this'. 'अच्छा नहीं है' (achha nahin hai) means 'is not good'.
हमें द्वेष भूल जाना चाहिए।
We should forget the malice.
'भूल जाना' (bhool jaana) means to forget.
समाज में द्वेष नहीं होना चाहिए।
There should not be malice in society.
'समाज' (samaj) means society. 'नहीं होना चाहिए' (nahin hona chahiye) means 'should not be'.
उसने अपने दुश्मन के प्रति द्वेष पाल रखा था।
He had harbored malice towards his enemy.
'पाल रखा था' (paal rakha tha) means 'had harbored' or 'had nurtured'.
यह द्वेष रिश्तों को कमजोर करता है।
This animosity weakens relationships.
'कमजोर करता है' (kamzor karta hai) means 'weakens'.
उनकी बातचीत में द्वेष साफ सुनाई दे रहा था।
Malice was clearly audible in their conversation.
'सुनाई दे रहा था' (sunai de raha tha) means 'was audible'.
धर्म के नाम पर द्वेष फैलाना गलत है।
Spreading hatred in the name of religion is wrong.
'धर्म के नाम पर' (dharm ke naam par) means 'in the name of religion'.
मेरे मन में किसी के प्रति कोई द्वेष नहीं है।
I do not have any malice towards anyone in my heart.
'किसी के प्रति' (kisi ke prati) means 'towards anyone'.
वह द्वेष से भरा हुआ व्यक्ति था।
He was a person filled with malice.
'भरा हुआ' (bhara hua) means 'filled with'.
हमें द्वेष की भावना को दूर करना चाहिए।
We should remove the feeling of malice.
'भावना' (bhavna) means feeling. 'दूर करना' (door karna) means to remove.
राजनीतिक द्वेष देश के लिए हानिकारक है।
Political animosity is harmful to the country.
'राजनीतिक' (rajnitik) means political. 'देश' (desh) means country.
इतिहास गवाह है कि द्वेष ने कितने युद्धों को जन्म दिया है।
History is witness to how much hatred has given birth to wars.
'इतिहास गवाह है' (itihaas gawah hai) means 'history is witness'. 'जन्म दिया है' (janm diya hai) means 'has given birth to'.
उसकी आँखों में छिपी द्वेष की भावना को कोई समझ नहीं पाया।
No one could understand the feeling of malice hidden in his eyes.
'छिपी हुई' (chhipi hui) means 'hidden'. 'भावना' (bhavna) means feeling.
सांप्रदायिक द्वेष समाज की एकता के लिए सबसे बड़ा खतरा है।
Communal hatred is the biggest threat to the unity of society.
'सांप्रदायिक' (sampradayik) means communal. 'एकता' (ekta) means unity. 'खतरा' (khatra) means threat.
यह द्वेष केवल व्यक्तिगत नहीं, बल्कि एक गहरी सामाजिक समस्या का प्रतीक है।
This animosity is not just personal, but a symbol of a deep social problem.
'व्यक्तिगत' (vyaktigat) means personal. 'सामाजिक समस्या' (samajik samasya) means social problem. 'प्रतीक' (prateek) means symbol.
जब तक हम एक-दूसरे के प्रति द्वेष रखेंगे, शांति संभव नहीं है।
As long as we harbor malice towards each other, peace is not possible.
'जब तक' (jab tak) means 'as long as'. 'शांति' (shanti) means peace. 'संभव नहीं है' (sambhav nahin hai) means 'is not possible'.
उसका द्वेष इतना तीव्र था कि वह अपने भले-बुरे का भी ध्यान नहीं रखता था।
His malice was so intense that he did not even care about his own good or bad.
'तीव्र' (teevra) means intense. 'भले-बुरे का ध्यान रखना' (bhale-bure ka dhyan rakhna) means to care about one's own well-being.
यह द्वेष पीढ़ियों से चला आ रहा है।
This animosity has been going on for generations.
'पीढ़ियों से' (peedhiyon se) means 'for generations'. 'चला आ रहा है' (chala aa raha hai) means 'has been going on'.
हमें द्वेष की जड़ को समझना होगा।
We need to understand the root of malice.
'जड़' (jad) means root. 'समझना होगा' (samajhna hoga) means 'will have to understand' or 'need to understand'.
साहित्य में अक्सर पात्रों के द्वेष को उनके चरित्र-चित्रण का महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा बनाया जाता है।
In literature, the malice of characters is often made an important part of their characterization.
'साहित्य' (sahitya) means literature. 'चरित्र-चित्रण' (charitra-chitran) means characterization. 'महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा' (mahatvapurna hissa) means important part.
यह द्वेष केवल व्यक्तिगत प्रतिशोध तक सीमित नहीं था, बल्कि एक बड़े एजेंडे का हिस्सा था।
This malice was not limited to personal revenge, but was part of a larger agenda.
'व्यक्तिगत प्रतिशोध' (vyaktigat pratishodh) means personal revenge. 'सीमित नहीं था' (seemit nahin tha) means 'was not limited'. 'बड़े एजेंडे' (bade agenda) means larger agenda.
मीडिया को द्वेष फैलाने वाले बयानों से बचना चाहिए।
The media should refrain from statements that spread malice.
'मीडिया' (media) means media. 'बयानों' (bayano) means statements. 'बचना चाहिए' (bachna chahiye) means 'should refrain from'.
उसके द्वेष का मूल कारण शायद बचपन का कोई गहरा आघात था।
The root cause of his malice was perhaps a deep childhood trauma.
'मूल कारण' (mool karan) means root cause. 'गहरा आघात' (gehra aaghaat) means deep trauma.
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मंचों पर द्वेष को बढ़ावा देने वाले कृत्यों की निंदा की जाती है।
Acts promoting malice on international forums are condemned.
'अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मंचों' (antarrashtriya manchon) means international forums. 'बढ़ावा देने वाले' (badhava dene wale) means 'promoting'. 'कृत्यों' (krityon) means acts. 'निंदा की जाती है' (ninda ki jaati hai) means 'are condemned'.
यह द्वेष केवल एक व्यक्ति तक सीमित नहीं था, बल्कि पूरे समुदाय को प्रभावित कर रहा था।
This animosity was not limited to one person, but was affecting the entire community.
'समुदाय' (samuday) means community. 'प्रभावित कर रहा था' (prabhavit kar raha tha) means 'was affecting'.
किसी भी प्रकार के द्वेष को क्षमा के माध्यम से ही दूर किया जा सकता है।
Any kind of malice can only be overcome through forgiveness.
'किसी भी प्रकार के' (kisi bhi prakar ke) means 'any kind of'. 'क्षमा' (kshama) means forgiveness. 'के माध्यम से' (ke madhyam se) means 'through'.
उनके बीच का द्वेष इतना गहरा था कि उन्होंने एक-दूसरे से बात करना भी बंद कर दिया।
The malice between them was so deep that they even stopped talking to each other.
'गहरा' (gehra) means deep. 'बात करना बंद कर दिया' (baat karna band kar diya) means 'stopped talking'.
साहित्यिक कृतियों में, द्वेष को अक्सर एक जटिल मनोवैज्ञानिक अवस्था के रूप में चित्रित किया जाता है।
In literary works, malice is often depicted as a complex psychological state.
'साहित्यिक कृतियों' (sahityik krityon) means literary works. 'जटिल मनोवैज्ञानिक अवस्था' (jatil manovaigyanik avastha) means complex psychological state. 'चित्रित किया जाता है' (chitrit kiya jaata hai) means 'is depicted'.
यह द्वेष व्यक्तिगत अपमान से उपजा था, लेकिन इसने जल्द ही एक व्यापक सामाजिक आंदोलन का रूप ले लिया।
This malice arose from personal insult, but it soon took the form of a widespread social movement.
'व्यक्तिगत अपमान' (vyaktigat apmaan) means personal insult. 'उपजा था' (upja tha) means 'arose'. 'व्यापक सामाजिक आंदोलन' (vyapak samajik aandolan) means widespread social movement.
राज्य के आधिकारिक बयानों में द्वेष के प्रयोग से अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंधों में तनाव उत्पन्न हो सकता है।
The use of malice in official state statements can create tension in international relations.
'आधिकारिक बयानों' (aadhikarik bayano) means official statements. 'अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंधों' (antarrashtriya sambandhon) means international relations. 'तनाव उत्पन्न हो सकता है' (tanaav utpann ho sakta hai) means 'can create tension'.
उसकी द्वेषपूर्ण दृष्टि ने कमरे में मौजूद सभी को असहज कर दिया।
His malicious gaze made everyone in the room uncomfortable.
'द्वेषपूर्ण' (dveshpoorn) is an adjective meaning malicious. 'दृष्टि' (drishti) means gaze. 'असहज' (asahaj) means uncomfortable.
हमें यह सुनिश्चित करना चाहिए कि शिक्षा प्रणाली द्वेष और पूर्वाग्रह से मुक्त हो।
We must ensure that the education system is free from malice and prejudice.
'शिक्षा प्रणाली' (shiksha pranali) means education system. 'पूर्वाग्रह' (poorvagraha) means prejudice. 'मुक्त हो' (mukt ho) means 'is free from'.
यह द्वेष एक जटिल ऐतिहासिक विवाद का परिणाम था, जिसे सुलझाना अत्यंत कठिन था।
This animosity was the result of a complex historical dispute, which was extremely difficult to resolve.
'ऐतिहासिक विवाद' (aitihasik vivaad) means historical dispute. 'परिणाम' (parinaam) means result. 'अत्यंत कठिन' (atyant kathin) means extremely difficult. 'सुलझाना' (suljhana) means to resolve.
उसके द्वेष की आग ने न केवल उसे जलाया, बल्कि उसके आसपास के लोगों को भी झुलसा दिया।
The fire of his malice not only burned him but also scorched those around him.
'आग' (aag) means fire. 'जलाया' (jalaya) means burned. 'झुलसा दिया' (jhulsa diya) means scorched.
सांस्कृतिक मतभेदों को द्वेष में बदलने से रोकना चाहिए।
Cultural differences should be prevented from turning into malice.
'सांस्कृतिक मतभेद' (sanskrutik matbhed) means cultural differences. 'बदलने से रोकना चाहिए' (badalne se rokna chahiye) means 'should be prevented from changing into'.
मनोवैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोण से, द्वेष अक्सर असुरक्षा और आत्म-घृणा की गहराई से उत्पन्न होता है।
From a psychological perspective, malice often originates from deep-seated insecurity and self-hatred.
'मनोवैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोण से' (manovaigyanik drishtikon se) means 'from a psychological perspective'. 'असुरक्षा' (asuraksha) means insecurity. 'आत्म-घृणा' (aatma-ghrina) means self-hatred. 'उत्पन्न होता है' (utpann hota hai) means 'originates'.
यह द्वेष किसी एक घटना का परिणाम नहीं था, बल्कि सदियों के उत्पीड़न और अन्याय का संचित प्रभाव था।
This malice was not the result of a single incident, but the accumulated effect of centuries of oppression and injustice.
'सदियों के उत्पीड़न' (sadiyon ke utpeedan) means centuries of oppression. 'अन्याय' (anyay) means injustice. 'संचित प्रभाव' (sanchit prabhav) means accumulated effect.
राज्य-प्रायोजित द्वेष का उपयोग अक्सर राजनीतिक विरोधियों को बदनाम करने और जनता का ध्यान भटकाने के लिए एक रणनीति के रूप में किया जाता है।
State-sponsored malice is often used as a strategy to defame political opponents and divert public attention.
'राज्य-प्रायोजित' (rajya-prayojit) means state-sponsored. 'राजनीतिक विरोधियों' (rajnitik virodhiyon) means political opponents. 'बदनाम करने' (badnaam karne) means to defame. 'ध्यान भटकाने' (dhyan bhatkane) means to divert attention.
उसके द्वेष की अभिव्यक्ति केवल शब्दों तक सीमित नहीं थी, बल्कि उसके कार्यों में भी स्पष्ट झलकती थी।
The expression of his malice was not limited to words, but was also clearly reflected in his actions.
'अभिव्यक्ति' (abhivyakti) means expression. 'स्पष्ट झलकती थी' (spasht jhalakti thi) means 'was clearly reflected'.
किसी भी समाज की प्रगति के लिए द्वेष और असहिष्णुता पर विजय पाना अनिवार्य है।
It is imperative to overcome malice and intolerance for the progress of any society.
'प्रगति' (pragati) means progress. 'असहिष्णुता' (asahishnuta) means intolerance. 'विजय पाना' (vijay paana) means to achieve victory/overcome. 'अनिवार्य है' (anivarya hai) means 'is imperative'.
यह द्वेष इतना पैतृक था कि इसने पीढ़ियों तक चले आ रहे पारिवारिक कलह को और बढ़ाया।
This malice was so ingrained that it further fueled the family feud that had been going on for generations.
'पैतृक' (paitrik) here implies deeply ingrained or inherited. 'पारिवारिक कलह' (parivarik kalah) means family feud. 'और बढ़ाया' (aur badhaya) means 'further increased/fueled'.
मानव स्वभाव में द्वेष की प्रवृत्ति को स्वीकार करना, उसके उन्मूलन की दिशा में पहला कदम है।
Accepting the tendency towards malice in human nature is the first step towards its eradication.
'मानव स्वभाव' (manav swabhav) means human nature. 'प्रवृत्ति' (pravritti) means tendency. 'उन्मूलन' (unmoolan) means eradication. 'दिशा में' (disha mein) means 'towards'.
किसी भी राष्ट्र के लिए, द्वेष पर आधारित नीतियां अंततः उसके पतन का कारण बनती हैं।
For any nation, policies based on malice ultimately lead to its downfall.
'राष्ट्र' (rashtra) means nation. 'आधारित नीतियां' (aadhaarit nitiyaan) means based policies. 'अंततः' (antatah) means ultimately. 'पतन' (patan) means downfall.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— To harbor malice or ill-will in one's heart.
किसी के मन में द्वेष रखना अच्छा नहीं है।
— This is the height/pinnacle of malice.
उसके कार्य द्वेष की पराकाष्ठा थे।
— To feel malice towards someone (though grammatically 'करना' is not directly used with 'द्वेष' as a verb; it's used with related concepts or constructions).
हमें किसी से द्वेष नहीं करना चाहिए।
Often Confused With
'ईर्ष्या' means envy or jealousy, the desire for what someone else has. 'द्वेष' is about ill-will and hatred, not necessarily about coveting what others possess.
'क्रोध' is anger, which is often a temporary reaction. 'द्वेष' is a more sustained and deep-seated ill-will or malice.
While both mean hatred, 'द्वेष' often implies a more persistent, malicious resentment, sometimes with an element of ill-intent, whereas 'नफ़रत' can be a more immediate and visceral reaction.
Idioms & Expressions
— To add fuel to the fire; to worsen a bad situation. While not directly using 'द्वेष', it often describes actions that intensify existing negative feelings like 'द्वेष'.
उसने झूठी बातें कहकर आग में घी डाल दिया।
Informal— To hold grudges or ill-will in one's heart. This is very close to the concept of harboring 'द्वेष'.
किसी के दिल में मैल नहीं रखना चाहिए।
Neutral— To be an eyesore or a source of constant annoyance/dislike. It implies a persistent negative feeling, akin to 'द्वेष'.
वह हमेशा मेरी आँखों में किरकिरी बनता है।
Informal— To be bloodthirsty; to harbor extreme hatred and desire for revenge. This represents a very intense form of 'द्वेष'.
वे एक-दूसरे के खून के प्यासे थे।
Formal/Literary— To speak venomously; to utter hateful or malicious words. This is a manifestation of 'द्वेष'.
वह हमेशा दूसरों के बारे में जहर उगलती है।
Informal— To rain fire; to express extreme anger or malice through words or actions.
उसने गुस्से में अंगारे बरसाए।
Literary— To stab someone in the back; to betray someone. This act often stems from 'द्वेष' or leads to it.
उसने अपने दोस्त की पीठ पीछे छुरा घोंपा।
Informal— To swallow poison; to endure immense suffering or humiliation silently. While not directly 'द्वेष', it can be a response to situations that might breed 'द्वेष'.
उसे बहुत अपमान सहना पड़ा, मानो ज़हर का घूँट पी लिया हो।
Neutral— To be displeasing or annoying; to be an eyesore. Similar to 'आँखों में किरकिरी बनना'.
उसकी हरकतें मेरी आँखों में खटकती हैं।
Informal— To cleanse one's heart of grudges or ill-will; to forgive. The opposite of harboring 'द्वेष'.
हमें एक-दूसरे का मन का मैल धोना चाहिए।
NeutralEasily Confused
Both 'घृणा' and 'द्वेष' translate to hatred or strong aversion.
'घृणा' is a direct and strong expression of intense dislike and aversion, often a visceral reaction. 'द्वेष' implies a more persistent, festering resentment, often with an element of malice or ill-intent, suggesting a deeper, more ingrained negative state.
उसने उस काम से <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>घृणा</mark> व्यक्त की। (He expressed disgust towards that work.) vs. उसके मन में मेरे प्रति <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>द्वेष</mark> था। (He harbored malice towards me.)
Both 'नफ़रत' and 'द्वेष' are used to express hatred.
'नफ़रत' is a general and common word for hatred, often used in everyday language. 'द्वेष' suggests a deeper, more ingrained sense of malice or persistent resentment, often with a history behind it. 'द्वेष' carries a stronger connotation of ill-will and potentially harmful intent.
आतंकवाद <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>नफ़रत</mark> फैलाता है। (Terrorism spreads hatred.) vs. उनके बीच पुराना <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>द्वेष</mark> था। (There was old animosity between them.)
Both relate to negative relationships and opposition.
'बैroyalblue' refers to the state of enmity or hostility, the condition of being enemies. 'द्वेष' is the underlying emotion or feeling of malice and ill-will that often fuels this enmity. One can have enmity ('बैroyalblue') without necessarily feeling intense personal 'द्वेष', but 'द्वेष' typically leads to or exists within a state of enmity.
दोनों परिवारों के बीच <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>बैroyalblue</mark> थी। (There was enmity between the two families.) vs. उस <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>बैroyalblue</mark> का कारण उनका <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>द्वेष</mark> था। (The reason for that enmity was their malice.)
Both words translate to malice or ill-will.
'दुर्भावना' literally means 'bad feeling' and is often used for ill-will or malice, sometimes implying a more subtle or hidden negative intention. 'द्वेष' is generally a stronger, more overt, and persistent form of hatred or deep-seated animosity.
उसकी <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>दुर्भावना</mark>पूर्ण बातों से सावधान रहें। (Be careful of his ill-intentioned words.) vs. उसके मन में मेरे प्रति <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>द्वेष</mark> था। (He harbored malice towards me.)
Both are negative emotions that can exist between people.
'ईर्ष्या' is envy or jealousy – the feeling of wanting what someone else has, or feeling insecure about a relationship. 'द्वेष' is hatred or malice – a desire for harm or a deep-seated ill-will towards someone, regardless of whether they possess something desirable.
उसे मेरी सफलता से <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>ईर्ष्या</mark> है। (He is envious of my success.) vs. उसने मेरी सफलता से <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>द्वेष</mark> पाल लिया। (He harbored malice due to my success.)
Sentence Patterns
Subject + [के प्रति/में] + द्वेष + है।
उसके मन में मेरे प्रति द्वेष है।
हमें + द्वेष + [क्रियापद]।
हमें द्वेष नहीं फैलाना चाहिए।
यह + द्वेष + [विशेषण] + है।
यह द्वेष अच्छा नहीं है।
उसके + [संज्ञा] + में + द्वेष + था।
उसकी बातों में द्वेष था।
[संदर्भ] + में + द्वेष + [क्रियापद] +।
समाज में द्वेष बढ़ रहा है।
जब तक + [शर्त] + द्वेष + [परिणाम]।
जब तक हम द्वेष रखेंगे, शांति नहीं होगी।
[विषय] + के + द्वेष + [क्रियापद] +।
सांप्रदायिक द्वेष समाज की एकता के लिए खतरा है।
[जटिल वाक्य] + द्वेष + [परिणाम/विशेषण]।
यह द्वेष व्यक्तिगत अपमान से उपजा था, जिसने गहरा असर डाला।
Word Family
Nouns
Adjectives
Related
How to Use It
Medium - Used when the intensity of hatred or malice is significant.
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Using 'द्वेष' for simple dislike or annoyance.
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Using 'नापसंदगी' (dislike) or 'चिढ़' (annoyance) for milder feelings.
'द्वेष' implies deep-seated, persistent ill-will or malice. Using it for minor issues trivializes its meaning and can sound overly dramatic. For instance, saying 'मुझे इस फिल्म से द्वेष है' (I have malice towards this film) is an exaggeration; 'मुझे यह फिल्म बिल्कुल पसंद नहीं आई' (I did not like this film at all) is more appropriate.
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Using 'द्वेष' as a verb.
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Using phrases like 'घृणा करना' (to hate) or constructing sentences where 'द्वेष' is a noun.
'द्वेष' is a noun. You cannot conjugate it like a verb. Incorrect: 'मैं उससे द्वेष करता हूँ।' (I hate him.) Correct: 'मैं उससे घृणा करता हूँ।' (I hate him.) or 'उसके मन में मेरे प्रति द्वेष है।' (He harbors malice towards me.)
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Confusing 'द्वेष' with 'ईर्ष्या' (envy/jealousy).
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Using 'ईर्ष्या' when the feeling is about wanting what someone else has, and 'द्वेष' when it's about ill-will or hatred.
'ईर्ष्या' is wanting what others possess. 'द्वेष' is about wishing harm or harboring deep dislike. Example: 'उसे मेरी सफलता से ईर्ष्या है।' (He is envious of my success.) is different from 'उसने मेरी सफलता से द्वेष पाल लिया।' (He harbored malice because of my success.)
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Overusing 'द्वेष' in casual conversation.
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Using more common words like 'गुस्सा' (anger), 'चिढ़' (annoyance), or 'नापसंदगी' (dislike) in informal settings.
Because 'द्वेष' is a strong word signifying deep hatred, its frequent use in casual talk can make the speaker sound overly aggressive or dramatic. Reserve it for contexts where genuine, profound ill-will is present.
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Misinterpreting its intensity in formal writing.
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Ensuring that the context in formal writing truly warrants the use of such a strong term like 'द्वेष'.
In formal writing (essays, academic papers), 'द्वेष' should be used precisely. If the text describes historical conflicts or deep-seated societal issues, 'द्वेष' is appropriate. However, if it's a general statement about disagreement, a less intense word might be better.
Tips
Dental 'D'
Pay attention to the dental 'd' sound in 'द्वेष'. It's pronounced with the tip of your tongue against your upper teeth, not behind them. This subtle difference is important for accurate pronunciation.
Connect to 'Devil's Wish'
Use the mnemonic 'Devil's Wish' to remember 'द्वेष'. Imagine a devil wishing harm upon someone – this strong, negative wish represents the core meaning of deep hatred and malice.
Noun, Not Verb
'द्वेष' is a noun. You cannot use it directly as a verb like 'to hate'. Use verbs like 'घृणा करना' (to hate) or construct sentences where 'द्वेष' is the subject or object.
Explore Synonyms
Learn related words like 'घृणा' (hatred), 'नफ़रत' (hatred), and 'बैroyalblue' (enmity) to understand the nuances and choose the most appropriate term for different contexts.
Sentence Creation
Actively create your own sentences using 'द्वेष'. Try describing historical conflicts, fictional characters' motivations, or societal issues where deep animosity is present.
Contextual Significance
Understand that 'द्वेष' is a significant term in Indian culture, often discussed in relation to social harmony, historical grievances, and personal development. Recognizing its cultural weight helps in using it appropriately.
Avoid Overuse
Be cautious not to overuse 'द्वेष' for mild dislikes. Its strength implies a serious level of ill-will, and using it inappropriately can sound overly dramatic or insincere.
Opposite Emotions
Understand the antonyms like 'प्रेम' (love), 'स्नेह' (affection), and 'करुणा' (compassion) to fully grasp the negative nature of 'द्वेष' by contrasting it with positive human emotions.
Sanskrit Roots
Knowing that 'द्वेष' comes from the Sanskrit root 'dviṣ' (to hate) can help anchor its meaning and understand its historical significance in Indian languages.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'DVESH' sounding like 'dev-wish' but in a negative way. Imagine a 'devil' (dev) having a 'wish' (wish) for someone's downfall. This 'devilish wish' represents deep hatred or malice.
Visual Association
Picture a dark, thorny vine (representing 'द्वेष') aggressively choking a healthy plant (representing a person or relationship). The thorns are sharp and painful, symbolizing malice.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to describe a situation where someone might feel 'द्वेष' without using the word itself. Then, try to use 'द्वेष' to describe that same situation accurately.
Word Origin
The word 'द्वेष' originates from the Sanskrit root 'dviṣ' (द्विष्), which means 'to hate', 'to dislike', or 'to be hostile towards'. This root is common in Indic languages and carries the core meaning of animosity.
Original meaning: To hate, to be inimical, to dislike.
Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit)Cultural Context
The term 'द्वेष' carries a strong negative connotation. It should be used carefully and appropriately, as it describes a serious and destructive emotion. Using it lightly can trivialize its meaning.
In English-speaking contexts, 'Dvesh' can be understood as 'malice', 'deep-seated hatred', or 'ill-will'. It's a stronger term than simple dislike or anger.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Interpersonal conflicts and grudges
- उसके मन में मेरे प्रति द्वेष है।
- हमें द्वेष को भूल जाना चाहिए।
- यह व्यक्तिगत द्वेष का मामला है।
Social and political commentary
- सांप्रदायिक द्वेष समाज के लिए हानिकारक है।
- राजनीतिक द्वेष बढ़ रहा है।
- मीडिया को द्वेष फैलाने से बचना चाहिए।
Literature and storytelling
- पात्र के द्वेष का चित्रण मार्मिक था।
- यह द्वेष पीढ़ियों से चला आ रहा था।
Religious and philosophical discussions
- धर्म के नाम पर द्वेष फैलाना गलत है।
- मनोवैज्ञानिक रूप से, द्वेष असुरक्षा से उत्पन्न होता है।
Historical disputes
- यह द्वेष एक जटिल ऐतिहासिक विवाद का परिणाम था।
- राष्ट्रों के बीच द्वेष के कारण युद्ध हुए।
Conversation Starters
"What does 'द्वेष' mean to you?"
"Can you think of a time when 'द्वेष' played a role in a story or event?"
"How is 'द्वेष' different from simple anger or dislike?"
"What are some ways to overcome feelings of 'द्वेष'?"
"In your opinion, what are the biggest causes of 'द्वेष' in the world today?"
Journal Prompts
Reflect on a time you witnessed or felt 'द्वेष'. Describe the situation and its impact.
Write a short story where 'द्वेष' is a central theme for one of the characters.
How can understanding the concept of 'द्वेष' help us build better relationships?
Explore the difference between 'द्वेष' and other negative emotions like jealousy or frustration.
Imagine a world without 'द्वेष'. What would be the key differences?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsNot necessarily. While 'द्वेष' often involves conscious hatred and malice, it can also manifest as unconscious biases or deeply ingrained resentments that influence behavior without explicit awareness. However, in common usage, it typically implies a recognized feeling of ill-will.
Yes, 'द्वेष' can be directed towards abstract concepts, ideologies, or even inanimate objects if they symbolize something intensely disliked or hated. For example, someone might express 'द्वेष' towards a particular political system or a historical event they find abhorrent.
'Anger' (क्रोध - Krodh) is usually a more immediate, often temporary reaction to a perceived wrong or frustration. 'द्वेष' is a deeper, more persistent state of ill-will and malice that can be sustained over long periods and may not be tied to a single event.
'द्वेष' is not as common in casual, everyday conversation as words like 'गुस्सा' (anger) or 'नापसंदगी' (dislike). It's a strong word used for significant negative emotions. You're more likely to encounter it in discussions about serious conflicts, historical grievances, literature, or formal commentary.
Absolutely. 'द्वेष' is often described as a feeling that motivates harmful intentions or attitudes. It can drive individuals or groups to act in ways that cause suffering, seek revenge, or actively work against the object of their hatred.
Generally, 'द्वेष' is considered a destructive and negative emotion. However, in some philosophical or psychological contexts, understanding the roots of 'द्वेष' might be seen as a step towards overcoming it. But the emotion itself is not considered positive.
The best translation depends on the context. Common translations include 'malice', 'hatred', 'ill-will', 'animosity', or 'deep-seated resentment'. 'Malice' often captures the element of desiring harm, while 'hatred' is a direct translation of intense dislike.
Overcoming 'द्वेष' typically involves empathy, forgiveness, understanding the root causes, and actively choosing positive emotions like compassion and love. It's a process that requires conscious effort and often external support.
While 'द्वेष' is discussed in religious and philosophical contexts as a negative trait to be overcome (e.g., in Buddhism and Hinduism), it is also a universal human emotion that exists independently of religion. Religions often provide frameworks for understanding and transcending it.
'Resentment' is a feeling of bitterness or indignation at having been treated unfairly. 'द्वेष' is a stronger, deeper form of ill-will and hatred, which may include resentment but often goes further into malice or a desire for harm.
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Summary
Dvesh (द्वेष) signifies a profound and persistent feeling of hatred, malice, or ill-will, often driving negative attitudes and intentions. It is more than mere dislike; it represents a deep-seated animosity. For example, 'सांप्रदायिक द्वेष समाज के लिए हानिकारक है।' (Communal hatred is harmful to society.)
- Dvesh: deep, persistent hatred or ill-will.
- It's a noun representing strong malice.
- Used for intense, lasting negative feelings.
- Avoid for minor dislikes; use for profound animosity.
Context is Key
Remember that 'द्वेष' signifies a profound and persistent ill-will. Avoid using it for minor annoyances or temporary anger. It's best suited for describing deep-seated hatred, malice, or animosity.
Dental 'D'
Pay attention to the dental 'd' sound in 'द्वेष'. It's pronounced with the tip of your tongue against your upper teeth, not behind them. This subtle difference is important for accurate pronunciation.
Connect to 'Devil's Wish'
Use the mnemonic 'Devil's Wish' to remember 'द्वेष'. Imagine a devil wishing harm upon someone – this strong, negative wish represents the core meaning of deep hatred and malice.
Noun, Not Verb
'द्वेष' is a noun. You cannot use it directly as a verb like 'to hate'. Use verbs like 'घृणा करना' (to hate) or construct sentences where 'द्वेष' is the subject or object.
Example
द्वेष छोड़ो।
Related Content
More emotion words
नफरत
A1A strong feeling of intense dislike or hostility towards someone or something. It is a common noun used to express deep-seated resentment or aversion in various social contexts.
उत्साह
A1Enthusiasm or zeal; a state of high energy, excitement, and passion directed toward a goal or activity. It is a positive emotion often associated with motivation and spirited participation.
डर
A1Fear is an unpleasant emotion caused by the threat of danger, pain, or harm. It is used to express both a physical reaction to a threat and a general feeling of anxiety or apprehension.
लगाव
A1Lagaav refers to a feeling of emotional attachment, fondness, or affection toward a person, object, or place. it describes the bond or connection one feels that makes them feel close to something or someone.
आनंद
A1A state of deep joy, bliss, or spiritual happiness. It describes a feeling of immense pleasure and contentment that goes beyond simple fun.
परवाह
A1Care or concern for someone or something, often expressing emotional investment or responsibility. It is frequently used to show empathy or, in negative constructions, to express indifference.
दुख
A1Dukh refers to a state of unhappiness, grief, or suffering, ranging from mild disappointment to deep emotional or physical pain. It is a fundamental concept used to describe both temporary sadness and the profound suffering inherent in life.
प्रेम
A1A profound feeling of deep affection, care, and attachment towards a person, animal, or idea. It is used to describe romantic love, familial bonds, and universal compassion in both everyday and literary contexts.
प्यार
A1A strong feeling of affection, care, and attachment towards a person, animal, or thing. It encompasses romantic love, familial bonding, and deep liking for hobbies or objects.
क्रोध
A1Krodh refers to the emotion of intense anger, wrath, or fury directed towards someone or something. It is a masculine noun used to describe a strong feeling of displeasure often resulting in a desire to retaliate or express hostility.
