सख्त
सख्त in 30 Seconds
- Sakht means hard or strict.
- It is used for physical objects like stones.
- It is used for people who follow rules strictly.
- It is an invariable adjective in Hindi.
The Hindi word सख्त (Sakht) is a versatile adjective (though often used in noun-like contexts in colloquial speech) that primarily denotes physical hardness, structural rigidity, or behavioral strictness. Originating from Persian, it has become an integral part of the Hindi-Urdu lexicon, spanning across various registers from daily conversation to formal legal documents. At its core, 'Sakht' implies a resistance to pressure—whether that pressure is physical, emotional, or social. When you touch a stone, it is 'sakht'. When a teacher refuses to extend a deadline, they are being 'sakht'. When the weather becomes unbearably cold or hot, it is described as 'sakht garmi' or 'sakht sardi'. Understanding this word requires looking at its dual nature: the tangible and the metaphorical.
- Physical Rigidity
- In a physical sense, 'sakht' refers to objects that are solid and do not yield easily. For example, 'sakht zameen' (hard ground) or 'sakht bistar' (a hard bed). It is the opposite of 'naram' (soft).
यह बिस्तर बहुत सख्त है, मुझे नींद नहीं आ रही। (This bed is very hard, I cannot sleep.)
- Behavioral Strictness
- When applied to people, 'sakht' describes a disciplinarian or someone who is uncompromising. A 'sakht baap' (strict father) or 'sakht kanoon' (strict law) suggests an environment where rules are paramount and deviations are not tolerated.
हमारे प्रिंसिपल बहुत सख्त हैं। (Our principal is very strict.)
Furthermore, 'Sakht' extends into the realm of intensity. 'Sakht nafrat' means intense hatred, and 'sakht zaroorat' means an urgent or dire need. It amplifies the noun it qualifies, suggesting a state that is unyielding and extreme. In the context of labor, 'sakht mehnat' translates to 'hard work' or 'rigorous toil', emphasizing the physical or mental strain involved. This word is essential for learners because it bridges the gap between describing a material object and describing a complex human emotion or social situation. It is a 'high-utility' word that appears in almost every domain of life, from the kitchen (hard bread) to the courtroom (strict punishment).
उसे पैसों की सख्त ज़रूरत है। (He is in dire need of money.)
- Environmental Conditions
- Used to describe harsh weather or difficult circumstances. 'Sakht sardi' refers to a biting, harsh winter.
बाहर सख्त धूप है। (It is very harsh sunlight outside.)
यह लकड़ी बहुत सख्त है। (This wood is very hard.)
Using 'सख्त' (Sakht) correctly involves understanding its placement as an adjective and its lack of inflection. Unlike many Hindi adjectives that change based on the gender and number of the noun (like 'achha' to 'achhi'), 'Sakht' is relatively stable because of its Persian origin. Whether you are describing a masculine noun like 'patthar' (stone) or a feminine noun like 'roti' (bread), the word 'sakht' remains the same. This makes it a 'friendly' word for beginners. However, the nuance lies in the intensity it conveys. It is not just 'hard'; it is often 'too hard' or 'rigorously hard'.
- Adjectival Placement
- Place 'sakht' directly before the noun it modifies or after a linking verb. 'Sakht kanoon' (Strict law) vs 'Kanoon sakht hai' (The law is strict).
सरकार ने सख्त कदम उठाए हैं। (The government has taken strict steps.)
- Adverbial Usage
- When paired with verbs of action, it describes the manner of the action. 'Sakht mehnat karna' (To work hard/rigorously).
सफलता के लिए सख्त अनुशासन चाहिए। (Success requires strict discipline.)
In formal Hindi, 'Sakht' is often replaced by 'Kathor' (कठोर) in purely physical or highly Sanskritized contexts, but 'Sakht' remains the dominant choice in everyday speech and Urdu-leaning Hindi. When you want to emphasize the severity of a situation, you can use 'Sakht' as an intensifier. For instance, 'Sakht mana hai' (It is strictly prohibited) is a common sign found in public places. The word also appears in the phrase 'Sakht mizaaj', describing someone with a stern or irritable temperament. For a learner, mastering 'Sakht' is about recognizing that it describes a boundary that cannot be easily crossed or a surface that cannot be easily dented.
यहाँ धूम्रपान करना सख्त मना है। (Smoking is strictly prohibited here.)
- Comparison with 'Mushkil'
- 'Mushkil' means difficult (complexity), while 'Sakht' means hard (rigidity/strictness). A 'sakht imtihan' is a harsh/rigorous exam, while a 'mushkil imtihan' is a complex one.
वह एक सख्त इंसान है। (He is a tough/strict person.)
यह फल बहुत सख्त है। (This fruit is very hard.)
'Sakht' is a word that echoes through various corridors of Indian life. You will hear it in the stern voice of a teacher in a government school, in the breaking news headlines regarding new government policies, and in the complaints of a child about a piece of overcooked meat. It is a word of authority and a word of physical description. In the workplace, a manager might issue 'sakht hidayat' (strict instructions) to ensure a project is completed on time. In the news, you'll frequently hear about 'sakht kanooni karwai' (strict legal action) being taken against offenders. This word carries a weight of seriousness and consequence.
- In the News
- Journalists use 'sakht' to describe government stances, punishments, or weather conditions. 'Sakht rukh' (strict stance) is a common journalistic phrase.
पुलिस ने अपराधियों के खिलाफ सख्त रुख अपनाया है। (Police have taken a strict stance against criminals.)
- In Education
- Students often use 'sakht' to describe teachers who don't allow talking or who grade papers rigorously. 'Sakht marking' is a common student grievance.
इस साल बोर्ड परीक्षा में सख्त चेकिंग होगी। (There will be strict checking in the board exams this year.)
In a domestic setting, 'Sakht' is used to describe food that hasn't been cooked properly or has become stale. 'Sakht roti' is a common complaint at the dinner table. It is also used to describe the texture of materials in shopping—'यह कपड़ा थोड़ा सख्त है' (This cloth is a bit stiff/hard). In religious or spiritual discourses, 'sakht' might be used to describe the 'sakht raah' (difficult/rigorous path) of penance or discipline. Whether it's the 'sakht garmi' of a Delhi summer or the 'sakht mizaaj' of a neighbor, the word is ubiquitous. It captures the essence of anything that is unyielding, demanding, or intense.
आज बहुत सख्त ठंड है। (It is very severe cold today.)
- In Law and Order
- Legal warnings often use 'sakht' to emphasize that rules are non-negotiable. 'Sakht saza' (strict/severe punishment) is a standard term.
नियमों का उल्लंघन करने पर सख्त कार्रवाई होगी। (Strict action will be taken on violating rules.)
लोहा एक सख्त धातु है। (Iron is a hard metal.)
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 'सख्त' (Sakht) with 'मुश्किल' (Mushkil) or 'कठिन' (Kathin). While all three can translate to 'hard' in English, they are not always interchangeable. 'Mushkil' and 'Kathin' refer to the difficulty or complexity of a task. 'Sakht' refers to the rigidity of a substance or the strictness of a person/rule. For example, you wouldn't say a math problem is 'sakht' unless you mean the grading is strict; you would say it is 'mushkil'. Another common error is trying to feminize the word into 'sakhti' when it's an adjective. Remember, 'sakht' is an invariable adjective.
- Sakht vs. Mushkil
- Use 'Sakht' for physical hardness or strictness. Use 'Mushkil' for difficulty. A 'sakht sawal' implies a question asked by a strict person, while a 'mushkil sawal' is a difficult question to solve.
यह काम बहुत मुश्किल है। (Correct for 'difficult'). यह पत्थर बहुत सख्त है। (Correct for 'hard').
- Misusing 'Sakhti'
- Learners often say 'sakhti roti' thinking it's feminine. It should be 'sakht roti'. 'Sakhti' is a noun meaning 'strictness' or 'hardness'.
पुलिस की सख्ती की वजह से शांति है। (Due to the police's strictness, there is peace.)
Another nuance is the difference between 'Sakht' and 'Mazboot' (Strong). While a 'sakht' object is hard, it might be brittle. A 'mazboot' object is strong and durable. For example, a 'sakht' biscuit breaks easily, but a 'mazboot' wall stands firm. Similarly, when describing a person's character, 'sakht' often has a slightly negative or neutral connotation of being 'unyielding', whereas 'mazboot' is usually positive, meaning 'resilient'. Finally, avoid using 'sakht' for 'loud' sounds. For loud sounds, use 'tez' or 'zor'. Understanding these boundaries will help you sound more like a native speaker and avoid confusing your listeners.
वह सख्त है पर दिल का बुरा नहीं। (He is strict but not bad at heart.)
- Sakht vs. Kathor
- 'Kathor' is more formal/literary. In daily life, 'Sakht' is preferred. You'll see 'Kathor' in literature or high-level speeches.
यह सख्त कानून है। (This is a strict law.)
उसे सख्त सजा मिली। (He got a severe punishment.)
Hindi has a rich set of synonyms for 'hard' and 'strict', each with its own specific flavor. Understanding these will help you choose the right word for the right context. 'Sakht' is the most common, but words like 'Kathor', 'Thos', and 'Kura' are also frequently used. 'Kathor' (कठोर) is the Sanskrit-derived equivalent of 'Sakht'. It sounds more formal and is often used in literature or to describe a 'hard heart' (kathor hriday). 'Thos' (ठोस) specifically refers to something being 'solid' or 'substantial', like a 'thos saboot' (solid proof).
- Kathor (कठोर)
- Formal/Literary. Used for 'harsh' or 'rigid'. Example: 'Kathor parishram' (Hard labor).
उनका व्यवहार बहुत कठोर है। (His behavior is very harsh.)
- Thos (ठोस)
- Refers to physical solidity or metaphorical reliability. Example: 'Thos nirnay' (Solid decision).
हमें ठोस सबूत चाहिए। (We need solid proof.)
Another word is 'Kura' (कड़ा), which is often used interchangeably with 'Sakht' when talking about rules or discipline. 'Kade niyam' (strict rules) is just as common as 'sakht niyam'. However, 'Kura' can also mean 'stiff' or 'crisp', like a new banknote or a starched shirt. Then there is 'Mazboot' (मज़बूत), which means 'strong'. While a 'sakht' thing might be strong, 'mazboot' focuses on the ability to withstand force without breaking. For instance, a 'mazboot rassi' (strong rope) is not necessarily 'sakht' (hard). Understanding these nuances allows you to describe the world with much greater precision.
यह बहुत कड़ा मुकाबला था। (It was a tough/stiff competition.)
- Kura (कड़ा)
- Often used for 'stiff' or 'stern'. Example: 'Kadi mehnat' (Hard work).
वह मज़बूत इरादों वाला व्यक्ति है। (He is a person of strong intentions.)
यह रोटी सख्त हो गई है। (This bread has become hard.)
How Formal Is It?
Difficulty Rating
Grammar to Know
Invariable adjectives
Adjective-Noun agreement
Intensifiers in Hindi
Persian loanwords in Hindi
Abstract noun formation from adjectives
Examples by Level
यह पत्थर सख्त है।
This stone is hard.
'Sakht' describes the noun 'patthar'.
रोटी बहुत सख्त है।
The bread is very hard.
'Sakht' is used here for stale food.
यह बिस्तर सख्त है।
This bed is hard.
'Sakht' describes the physical feel of the bed.
ज़मीन सख्त है।
The ground is hard.
Simple subject-adjective structure.
क्या यह लकड़ी सख्त है?
Is this wood hard?
Interrogative sentence using 'sakht'.
वह सख्त चीज़ है।
That is a hard thing.
'Sakht' modifies the feminine noun 'cheez' but doesn't change.
मेरा खिलौना सख्त है।
My toy is hard.
Used for materials like hard plastic.
यह फल सख्त है।
This fruit is hard.
Used for unripe fruits.
मेरे अध्यापक बहुत सख्त हैं।
My teacher is very strict.
'Sakht' here means 'strict'.
यहाँ के नियम सख्त हैं।
The rules here are strict.
'Sakht' modifies the plural noun 'niyam'.
बाहर सख्त गर्मी है।
It is very severe heat outside.
'Sakht' acts as an intensifier for 'garmi'.
वह एक सख्त पिता है।
He is a strict father.
Describing a person's character.
आज सख्त ठंड है।
It is very severe cold today.
Used for harsh weather.
यह कानून बहुत सख्त है।
This law is very strict.
Used in a legal/formal context.
हमें सख्त अनुशासन चाहिए।
We need strict discipline.
Used with abstract nouns like 'anushasan'.
वह सख्त आवाज़ में बोला।
He spoke in a stern voice.
'Sakht' describes the tone of voice.
मुझे पैसों की सख्त ज़रूरत है।
I am in dire need of money.
Common phrase 'sakht zaroorat'.
उसने बहुत सख्त मेहनत की।
He did very hard work.
'Sakht' used for labor/effort.
मुझे झूठ से सख्त नफरत है।
I have an intense hatred for lies.
'Sakht' as an intensifier for emotions.
सरकार ने सख्त कदम उठाए हैं।
The government has taken strict steps.
Common political phrase 'sakht kadam'.
यहाँ धूम्रपान सख्त मना है।
Smoking is strictly prohibited here.
'Sakht mana' is a standard warning.
उसका स्वभाव थोड़ा सख्त है।
His nature is a bit strict/tough.
Describing personality.
परीक्षा में सख्त चेकिंग होगी।
There will be strict checking in the exam.
Used for supervision.
वह सख्त मज़ाक नहीं सहता।
He doesn't tolerate harsh jokes.
Used for things that are 'harsh'.
पुलिस ने सख्त हिदायत दी है।
The police have given strict instructions.
'Sakht hidayat' is a formal collocation.
दोषियों को सख्त सज़ा मिलेगी।
The guilty will get strict punishment.
Used in legal sentencing.
उसने सख्त लहजे में बात की।
He spoke in a strict/harsh tone.
'Lahja' means tone/manner of speaking.
कंपनी के नियम बहुत सख्त हैं।
The company's rules are very strict.
Corporate context.
यह एक सख्त मुकाबला होने वाला है।
This is going to be a tough competition.
Used for competitive intensity.
उसकी हालत सख्त है।
His condition is critical/severe.
In medical contexts, 'sakht' can mean critical.
सख्त ट्रेनिंग के बाद वह सैनिक बना।
He became a soldier after rigorous training.
Used for physical/mental training.
उसने सख्त रुख अपनाया।
He took a strict stance.
'Sakht rukh' means a firm position.
साहित्य में सख्त मापदंड होते हैं।
There are rigorous standards in literature.
Used for academic/artistic standards.
उनका जीवन सख्त संघर्षों से भरा था।
His life was full of severe struggles.
Used for life's difficulties.
न्यायाधीश ने सख्त टिप्पणी की।
The judge made a harsh/strict observation.
Used for formal verbal observations.
सख्त अनुशासन ही सफलता की कुंजी है।
Strict discipline is the key to success.
Philosophical/Motivational usage.
उसने अपनी भावनाओं पर सख्त नियंत्रण रखा।
He kept a strict control over his emotions.
Internal psychological control.
यह सख्त वैज्ञानिक सिद्धांतों पर आधारित है।
This is based on rigorous scientific principles.
Scientific/Academic context.
वहाँ की जलवायु बहुत सख्त है।
The climate there is very harsh.
Geographical/Climatic usage.
सख्त मेहनत का कोई विकल्प नहीं है।
There is no substitute for hard work.
Proverbial usage.
उसकी दलीलें सख्त और अकाट्य थीं।
His arguments were rigorous and irrefutable.
High-level intellectual discourse.
सख्त वैराग्य के बिना ज्ञान संभव नहीं।
Knowledge is not possible without strict renunciation.
Spiritual/Philosophical context.
लेखक ने समाज पर सख्त प्रहार किया है।
The author has made a harsh attack on society.
Literary criticism.
यह नीति सख्त छानबीन के बाद बनी है।
This policy was formed after rigorous scrutiny.
Policy/Administrative context.
सख्त सच्चाई अक्सर कड़वी होती है।
The hard truth is often bitter.
Abstract metaphorical usage.
उसने सख्त मर्यादाओं का पालन किया।
He followed strict ethical boundaries.
Ethical/Moral context.
सख्त नियमों के बावजूद भ्रष्टाचार जारी है।
Corruption continues despite strict rules.
Socio-political analysis.
उसकी आँखों में एक सख्त चमक थी।
There was a hard glint in his eyes.
Literary description of emotion.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
Often Confused With
Idioms & Expressions
Easily Confused
Refers to complexity, not physical hardness.
Refers to strength/durability, not necessarily hardness.
More formal/Sanskritized version of sakht.
Often used for 'stiff' or 'stern'.
Refers to being 'solid' or 'substantial'.
Sentence Patterns
How to Use It
Used for solids.
Used for disciplinarians.
Used for extreme states.
- Using 'sakhti' as an adjective for feminine nouns.
- Confusing 'sakht' with 'mushkil' for difficult tasks.
- Using 'sakht' for 'strong' (physical power).
- Pronouncing the 'kh' as a simple 'k'.
- Using 'sakht' for loud noises.
Tips
Invariable Adjective
Remember that 'Sakht' never changes its form. This makes it easy to use!
Intensifier
Use 'Sakht' to intensify words like 'need' (zaroorat) or 'hatred' (nafrat).
Strictness
In India, being 'sakht' is often seen as a sign of a good leader or teacher.
The 'kh' sound
Make sure to pronounce the 'kh' correctly to sound more like a native speaker.
Weather
Always use 'sakht' when talking about extreme heat or cold.
Sakht Launda
Use this phrase carefully as it is very informal slang.
Formal Writing
In very formal essays, consider using 'Kathor' instead of 'Sakht'.
Sakht vs Mushkil
Hard surface = Sakht. Difficult task = Mushkil.
Mnemonic
Stone = Sakht. Both are hard and start with 'S'.
Prohibitions
Look for 'Sakht Mana Hai' on signs to know what is forbidden.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'Sakht' as 'Sucked' out of softness. If all the softness is sucked out, it becomes Sakht (hard).
Word Origin
Persian
Cultural Context
The word has been popularized in youth culture through stand-up comedy.
Rigorous discipline is a hallmark of many Indian schools.
Strictness is often seen as a form of care in traditional Indian families.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Conversation Starters
"क्या आपके स्कूल के टीचर सख्त थे?"
"आपको क्या लगता है, क्या कानून और सख्त होने चाहिए?"
"क्या यह सोफा बहुत सख्त है?"
"क्या आपको सख्त अनुशासन पसंद है?"
"दिल्ली की सख्त गर्मी में आप कैसे रहते हैं?"
Journal Prompts
अपने जीवन के किसी सख्त इंसान के बारे में लिखें।
क्या कभी आपको किसी चीज़ की सख्त ज़रूरत पड़ी है?
सख्त अनुशासन के फायदे और नुकसान क्या हैं?
एक ऐसी घटना के बारे में लिखें जब आपने बहुत सख्त मेहनत की।
क्या आप एक 'सख्त' व्यक्ति हैं या 'नरम'?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsIt is primarily an adjective, but it can be used in nominalized ways. The proper noun form is 'Sakhti'.
It's better to use 'Mushkil' for difficulty. Use 'Sakht' if the grading or rules are strict.
No, 'Sakht' is an invariable adjective and remains the same for all genders.
The opposite is 'Naram' (soft) or 'Mulayam' (smooth/soft).
It means 'hard'. For 'strong' (durable), use 'Mazboot'. For 'strong' (powerful), use 'Takatvar'.
It's a slang term for a man who is emotionally tough and doesn't easily get swayed by romance.
It is used in both formal and informal contexts. 'Kathor' is more formal.
Yes, for food that is hard to chew, like stale bread or undercooked meat.
It means 'dire need' or 'urgent requirement'.
It is a raspy sound from the back of the throat, like the 'ch' in 'Bach'.
Test Yourself 200 questions
Write a sentence describing a hard stone.
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Translate: 'The bed is hard.'
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Describe stale bread using 'sakht'.
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Write a sentence about a strict teacher.
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Translate: 'The rules are strict.'
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Describe severe cold using 'sakht'.
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Write a sentence using 'sakht zaroorat'.
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Translate: 'Smoking is strictly prohibited.'
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Describe hard work using 'sakht'.
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Write a sentence about strict instructions from police.
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Translate: 'The guilty will get severe punishment.'
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Describe a tough competition using 'sakht'.
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Write a sentence about strict discipline in life.
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Translate: 'Rigorous standards are needed in science.'
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Describe a life of struggle using 'sakht'.
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Write a sentence about rigorous scrutiny of a policy.
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Translate: 'The hard truth is often bitter.'
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Describe a harsh literary attack on society.
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Use 'sakht' in a philosophical context.
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Write about irrefutable arguments using 'sakht'.
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Say 'The stone is hard' in Hindi.
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Say 'The bread is hard' in Hindi.
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Say 'My teacher is strict' in Hindi.
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Say 'It is very hot' using 'sakht'.
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Say 'I need money urgently' using 'sakht'.
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Say 'Smoking is strictly prohibited' in Hindi.
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Say 'The police gave strict instructions' in Hindi.
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Say 'He will get severe punishment' in Hindi.
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Say 'Strict discipline is important' in Hindi.
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Say 'He had a hard life' in Hindi.
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Say 'The hard truth is bitter' in Hindi.
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Say 'Rigorous scrutiny is needed' in Hindi.
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Pronounce 'Sakht' correctly.
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Say 'Strict rules' in Hindi.
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Say 'Hard work' in Hindi.
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Say 'Strict stance' in Hindi.
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Say 'Rigorous standards' in Hindi.
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Say 'Harsh attack' in Hindi.
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Say 'Intense hatred' in Hindi.
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Say 'Hard bed' in Hindi.
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Listen to 'पत्थर सख्त है'. What is the adjective?
Listen to 'शिक्षक सख्त हैं'. What is the quality of the teacher?
Listen to 'सख्त मना है'. What does it mean?
Listen to 'सख्त हिदायत'. What was given?
Listen to 'सख्त अनुशासन'. What is being discussed?
Listen to 'सख्त छानबीन'. What kind of investigation?
Identify 'sakht' in 'यह लकड़ी सख्त है'.
Identify 'sakht' in 'सख्त गर्मी'.
Identify 'sakht' in 'सख्त मेहनत'.
Identify 'sakht' in 'सख्त सज़ा'.
Identify 'sakht' in 'सख्त मापदंड'.
Identify 'sakht' in 'सख्त प्रहार'.
Identify 'sakht' in 'सख्त ज़रूरत'.
Identify 'sakht' in 'बिस्तर सख्त है'.
Identify 'sakht' in 'सख्त नियम'.
/ 200 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The word 'सख्त' (Sakht) is essential for describing anything unyielding, whether it's a physical surface like a hard floor or a person's stern character. Example: 'सख्त कानून' (Strict law).
- Sakht means hard or strict.
- It is used for physical objects like stones.
- It is used for people who follow rules strictly.
- It is an invariable adjective in Hindi.
Invariable Adjective
Remember that 'Sakht' never changes its form. This makes it easy to use!
Intensifier
Use 'Sakht' to intensify words like 'need' (zaroorat) or 'hatred' (nafrat).
Strictness
In India, being 'sakht' is often seen as a sign of a good leader or teacher.
The 'kh' sound
Make sure to pronounce the 'kh' correctly to sound more like a native speaker.
Example
सख्त आदमी है।
Related Content
Related Phrases
More general words
आभार व्यक्त करना
B1To express gratitude or thankfulness.
आचरण करना
C1To conduct oneself; behave in a particular way.
आगे
A1Forward; ahead.
आगे बढ़ना
A2To move forward or progress.
आगामी
B1Happening in the near future; upcoming or next.
आह्वान करना
B1To call, to summon, to request someone's presence.
आज रात
A2The night of the present day; tonight.
आजमाना
A2To make an attempt or effort to do something; to test.
आक्रमण करना
B2To begin military operations against a country or group.
आखिरी
A2Last, final.