適宜 in 30 Seconds
- 適宜 (tekigi) means 'as appropriate' or 'as needed'.
- It emphasizes using judgment based on the situation.
- Common in business, instructions, and formal contexts.
- Implies flexibility and thoughtful action.
- Meaning
- The Japanese adverb 適宜 (tekigi) means 'as appropriate,' 'as needed,' or 'according to the situation.' It signifies acting with good judgment, making decisions that suit the circumstances at hand. It's about doing what seems right or necessary in a given moment, rather than following a rigid rule or plan. Think of it as a flexible approach to action, allowing for adaptability and common sense. When you encounter a situation that requires a thoughtful, context-sensitive response, you might use 適宜 to describe how someone should act or how something should be done. It's a nuanced word that emphasizes suitability and discretion. For example, if a meeting is running long, someone might suggest taking a break 適宜 (as appropriate), meaning when it feels like the right time or when people are getting tired, rather than at a pre-set minute. Similarly, if you're organizing an event, you might decide on the seating arrangements 適宜, based on the guests and the venue's layout, rather than a strict, predetermined order. This word is frequently used in more formal or business-related contexts, where careful consideration of circumstances is important. However, it can also appear in everyday conversations when discussing how to handle a situation wisely. It’s a word that encourages proactive, thoughtful decision-making based on the present realities. It’s not about being spontaneous without thought, but about being responsive and sensible. The core idea is to gauge the situation and act in the best possible way for that specific moment. It implies a degree of autonomy in decision-making, trusting the individual or group to make the right call based on their understanding of the context. This makes it a valuable word for expressing sophisticated judgment and adaptability. You might also hear it in instructions, suggesting that the recipient should use their discretion. For instance, a manager might tell an employee to handle customer complaints 適宜, meaning to do their best to resolve the issue in a way that satisfies the customer and aligns with company policy, using their best judgment. The opposite would be to follow a very strict, inflexible procedure. The beauty of 適宜 lies in its ability to convey a sense of thoughtful flexibility. It’s about being prepared to adjust your actions based on what the situation demands, ensuring that your response is always fitting and effective. This is why it’s a staple in professional communication and advice. It’s a reminder that rigid adherence to rules isn't always the best approach; sometimes, thoughtful adaptation is key to success. The word encourages a mindful approach to action, where one actively assesses the environment and their needs before proceeding. It’s a concept that promotes efficiency and effectiveness by tailoring actions to specific circumstances, leading to better outcomes. It’s a sophisticated way of saying 'do what makes sense right now.'
会議が長引いたので、休憩を適宜挟むことにした。
- Usage
- This adverb is commonly used in business, academic, and formal settings where situations can be varied and require flexible responses. It's often found in instructions, guidelines, or when discussing how to manage resources or time effectively. In everyday conversation, it might be used to suggest a sensible, adaptable approach to a problem or task. It implies that the speaker trusts the listener's judgment to do what is best given the circumstances. It's a more refined way of saying 'do what you think is best' or 'adjust as needed.' The word encourages a proactive and thoughtful engagement with one's environment. It's about being responsive to the needs of the moment. It's not about being rigid or overly casual; it strikes a balance between structure and flexibility. You'll often see it in written materials like manuals or company policies, guiding employees on how to handle various scenarios. For instance, a company might state that employees should manage their email inbox 適宜, meaning they should organize and respond to emails in a way that is most efficient and appropriate for their role and the urgency of the messages. It’s a versatile word that adds a layer of sophistication to communication, emphasizing the importance of context-aware decision-making. It’s a key term for understanding nuanced instructions and advice. It implies a level of maturity and responsibility in how one approaches tasks and challenges. The word itself suggests a careful consideration of the 'right' way to do something, which is determined by the specific context. It's a powerful tool for conveying the idea of sensible adaptation. It's also used when discussing how to allocate resources, like time or money, suggesting that they should be used in a way that best meets the current needs. This makes it a very practical and useful adverb in many different situations. It’s about making informed decisions on the fly. The word helps to communicate that there isn't one single correct answer, but rather a range of appropriate actions depending on the situation. It encourages a flexible mindset. It’s a fundamental concept in effective problem-solving and task management, promoting efficiency and optimal outcomes. It’s a word that embodies practicality and good sense.
- Example Scenario
- Imagine you are hosting a dinner party. You have a general plan for the menu, but as guests arrive and you get a feel for the atmosphere and their preferences, you might decide to adjust the side dishes or the timing of dessert. You're not rigidly sticking to your original plan; instead, you're making decisions 適宜, based on the evolving circumstances of the party. This demonstrates adaptability and good social judgment. Similarly, if you're managing a project, you might allocate more resources to a task that is proving more challenging than expected, or less to one that is progressing smoothly. This is also an example of acting 適宜, prioritizing and adjusting based on the project's real-time status. It's about being responsive and making informed choices that lead to a better overall outcome. The word encapsulates the essence of practical wisdom and situational awareness. It's a crucial concept in many professional fields and everyday life, promoting efficiency and effectiveness through thoughtful adaptation.
- Nuance
- 適宜 is not about being haphazard or impulsive. It implies a considered decision based on the available information and the specific context. It suggests a level of maturity and responsibility in how one approaches tasks, encouraging a mindful and adaptable strategy. It’s about finding the most fitting course of action for the given moment, rather than following a one-size-fits-all approach. This makes it a valuable word for describing skilled and sensible behavior. It’s a reflection of practical intelligence. It encourages a dynamic approach to problem-solving and decision-making, where one is always evaluating and adjusting their actions to best suit the evolving circumstances. It's a key element of effective leadership and management, where the ability to adapt to changing conditions is paramount. The word itself promotes a sense of thoughtful engagement with the world, encouraging individuals to be observant and responsive. It’s about more than just following orders; it’s about understanding the underlying needs and making decisions that are truly beneficial. This nuanced understanding is what makes 適宜 a powerful and frequently used adverb in Japanese.
資料は適宜配布してください。
- Basic Sentence Structure
- The adverb 適宜 (tekigi) typically modifies a verb, indicating how the action of the verb should be performed. It usually appears before the verb it modifies. The structure often looks like: [Noun/Topic] は / を 適宜 [Verb] (e.g., 計画を適宜修正する - to modify the plan as appropriate). It can also be used to describe a general approach or guideline, often appearing at the beginning of a sentence or phrase. For example, 適宜対応いたします (tekigi taiō itashimasu) means 'We will respond as appropriate.' This is a very common and polite way to assure someone that their needs will be met with discretion and care. The verb following 適宜 can vary widely, covering actions like making decisions, taking steps, distributing items, or adjusting plans. The key is that the action is performed with consideration for the specific situation. It is important to remember that 適宜 implies a judgment call. It's not a command to do something randomly, but rather to do it thoughtfully and with good reason. The word itself carries a sense of professionalism and carefulness. It’s often used in instructional contexts, guiding someone on how to proceed. For instance, in a workshop, an instructor might say, 『質問があれば、適宜手を挙げてください』 (Shitsumon ga areba, tekigi te o agete kudasai), meaning 'If you have questions, please raise your hand as appropriate.' This means you shouldn't interrupt constantly but should raise your hand when you genuinely need clarification. This highlights the nuanced meaning of appropriateness. The word is also frequently used in business emails and official documents. For example, a company might inform its employees that they should 'handle customer inquiries 適宜.' This empowers employees to use their best judgment to resolve issues, rather than strictly adhering to a script. It emphasizes trust in their professional capabilities. It’s a versatile adverb that can be applied to a wide range of actions and situations, always conveying the idea of suitability and good judgment. The context surrounding the sentence is crucial for fully understanding the intended meaning of 'as appropriate.' It’s about making the best choice for the specific circumstances. It’s a cornerstone of effective communication in Japanese, especially in professional settings. It’s a word that promotes efficiency and effectiveness by encouraging thoughtful adaptation. It’s a sophisticated way to express the need for flexible and context-aware actions. It’s a fundamental concept in Japanese business culture and daily life, signifying a pragmatic and sensible approach to tasks and challenges. It’s a word that embodies practical wisdom and situational awareness, making it a valuable asset for any learner. It’s a key element in understanding how to navigate complex situations with grace and intelligence. It’s a powerful tool for conveying the idea of sensible adaptation and thoughtful decision-making. It’s a fundamental concept that underpins many aspects of Japanese communication and interaction, promoting efficiency and effectiveness through careful consideration of context. It’s a word that signifies a nuanced understanding of situations and the ability to respond accordingly.
- Examples with Verbs
- Here are some common verbs used with 適宜:
1. 適宜対応する (tekigi taiō suru): To respond as appropriate.
問題が発生した場合、適宜対応してください。
If a problem arises, please respond as appropriate.
2. 適宜修正する (tekigi shūsei suru): To revise/correct as appropriate.
計画は状況に応じて適宜修正します。
We will revise the plan as appropriate according to the situation.
3. 適宜変更する (tekigi henkō suru): To change/alter as appropriate.
スケジュールは適宜変更されることがあります。
The schedule may be changed as appropriate.
4. 適宜判断する (tekigi handan suru): To judge as appropriate.
その件については、適宜判断してください。
Please judge that matter as appropriate.
5. 適宜加える (tekigi kuwaeru): To add as appropriate.
必要に応じて、適宜加えることができます。
You can add as appropriate if necessary.
6. 適宜調整する (tekigi chōsei suru): To adjust as appropriate.
予算は適宜調整して構いません。
You may adjust the budget as appropriate.
7. 適宜進める (tekigi susumeru): To proceed as appropriate.
プロジェクトは適宜進めてください。
Please proceed with the project as appropriate.
8. 適宜使用する (tekigi shiyō suru): To use as appropriate.
この機能は適宜使用してください。
Please use this feature as appropriate.
9. 適宜指示する (tekigi shiji suru): To instruct as appropriate.
上司は部下に適宜指示を出した。
The boss gave instructions to the subordinate as appropriate.
10. 適宜判断を仰ぐ (tekigi handan o aogu): To seek judgment as appropriate.
不明な点は、適宜判断を仰ぐように。
In unclear matters, seek judgment as appropriate.
These examples show how 適宜 can be combined with various verbs to convey the idea of performing an action with discretion and in response to the specific circumstances.
- Phrases and Clauses
- 適宜 can also be used in more complex sentence structures or as part of idiomatic phrases. It often implies a thoughtful and measured approach.
1. 状況に応じて適宜 (jōkyō ni ōjite tekigi): As appropriate according to the situation. This phrase emphasizes the situational aspect of 適宜.
このマニュアルは、状況に応じて適宜更新されます。
This manual will be updated as appropriate according to the situation.
2. 必要に応じて適宜 (hitsuyō ni ōjite tekigi): As appropriate when necessary. This highlights the need-based aspect.
会議の進行は、必要に応じて適宜調整します。
We will adjust the progress of the meeting as appropriate when necessary.
3. 適宜、〜してください (tekigi, ~ shite kudasai): Please do ~ as appropriate. This is a common imperative form.
不明な点は適宜、質問してください。
Please ask questions as appropriate for unclear points.
4. 適宜、〜します (tekigi, ~ shimasu): I/We will do ~ as appropriate. This is a common statement of intent.
ご要望には適宜、対応します。
We will respond to your requests as appropriate.
5. 適宜な (tekigi na): Appropriate. While less common, 適宜 can sometimes function as a na-adjective, though it's more often used as an adverb. When used this way, it means 'suitable' or 'fitting'.
その場に適宜な服装でお越しください。
Please come in attire appropriate for the occasion.
Understanding these patterns will help you use and interpret 適宜 more effectively in various contexts. The core idea remains consistent: acting with discretion and suitability.
- Business and Professional Settings
- This is arguably the most common domain for 適宜. In Japanese business culture, adaptability and making sound judgments based on the situation are highly valued. You'll hear it in:
1. Instructions and Guidelines:
In company manuals, project plans, or emails from superiors, instructions often include 適宜. For example, a manager might tell their team, 『顧客からの問い合わせには適宜対応してください』 (Kokyaku kara no toiawase ni wa tekigi taiō shite kudasai), meaning 'Please respond to customer inquiries as appropriate.' This empowers employees to use their discretion to resolve issues effectively, rather than rigidly following a script. It implies trust in their judgment.
2. Meeting Discussions:
During meetings, especially when discussing plans or strategies, participants might suggest actions to be taken 適宜. For instance, 『このデータは、適宜分析して報告しましょう』 (Kono dēta wa, tekigi bunseki shite hōkoku shimashō), meaning 'Let's analyze this data as appropriate and report it.' This means analyzing it to the extent necessary and in a way that makes sense for the report.
3. Resource Management:
Discussions about budgets, time, or personnel might involve 適宜. For example, 『予算は適宜配分してください』 (Yosan wa tekigi haibun shite kudasai), meaning 'Please allocate the budget as appropriate.' This suggests distributing funds based on the needs of different projects or departments.
4. Formal Announcements:
In official announcements or public notices, you might see phrases like 『詳細は適宜通知します』 (Shōsai wa tekigi tsūchi shimasu), meaning 'Details will be notified as appropriate.' This indicates that information will be shared when it becomes relevant or necessary.
The use of 適宜 in business settings reflects a culture that values careful consideration, flexibility, and intelligent decision-making. It’s a way of saying 'use your best judgment to do what is fitting for the situation.' It’s a sign of respect for the individual's ability to assess and act appropriately. This makes it a very common and useful phrase in professional Japanese communication.
- Academic and Research Contexts
- In academic writing and research, 適宜 is used to describe processes that require judgment and adaptation.
1. Methodologies:
When describing research methods, instructions might suggest that certain procedures should be applied 適宜. For instance, 『実験条件は適宜調整してください』 (Jikken jōken wa tekigi chōsei shite kudasai), meaning 'Please adjust the experimental conditions as appropriate.' This implies that the researcher should modify parameters based on preliminary results or observations.
2. Data Analysis:
In statistical analysis or data interpretation, the term might appear as: 『データは適宜分類し、分析を行う』 (Dēta wa tekigi bunrui shi, bunseki o okonau), meaning 'Classify the data as appropriate and perform analysis.' This suggests that the classification method should be chosen based on the nature of the data.
3. Academic Writing:
In papers or dissertations, when discussing theoretical frameworks or applications, one might write: 『この理論は、適宜応用できる』 (Kono riron wa, tekigi ōyō dekiru), meaning 'This theory can be applied as appropriate.' This indicates that the theory is not universally applicable but can be used judiciously in certain contexts.
The academic use of 適宜 highlights the importance of critical thinking and the nuanced application of knowledge. It signals that a process is not always straightforward and requires intellectual discretion.
- Technical Manuals and Instructions
- When you read instructions for assembling furniture, operating machinery, or using software, you'll often encounter 適宜.
1. Assembly Instructions:
For example, 『ネジは適宜締めてください』 (Neji wa tekigi shimete kudasai), meaning 'Tighten the screws as appropriate.' This implies not overtightening or undertightening, but securing them properly based on the material and the component.
2. Software Guides:
A software manual might say, 『設定は適宜変更してください』 (Settei wa tekigi henkō shite kudasai), meaning 'Change the settings as appropriate.' This encourages users to customize the software to their needs.
3. Safety Guidelines:
Safety instructions might include, 『危険な場所では適宜注意してください』 (Kiken na basho de wa tekigi chūi shite kudasai), meaning 'Please be cautious as appropriate in dangerous areas.' This emphasizes vigilance and situational awareness.
The use of 適宜 in these contexts ensures that users understand that a task requires more than just mechanical following of steps; it requires judgment and adaptation to ensure safety, proper functioning, or optimal use.
- Everyday Conversation (Less Frequent but Possible)
- While more common in formal settings, you might hear 適宜 in casual conversation, usually when giving advice or discussing how to handle a situation with a touch of politeness or a desire to sound more considered.
For instance, a friend might tell you, 『パーティーでは適宜楽しんでね』 (Pātī de wa tekigi tanoshinde ne), meaning 'Enjoy the party as appropriate.' This is a subtle way of saying 'enjoy yourself in a way that suits the atmosphere and your mood.' It's a more refined way of giving relaxed advice.
Another example could be when discussing cooking: 『味付けは適宜調整してね』 (Ajitsuke wa tekigi chōsei shite ne), meaning 'Adjust the seasoning as appropriate.' This implies tasting and adding more salt, sugar, or spices based on your preference and the dish's needs.
In these instances, 適宜 adds a layer of thoughtful consideration to casual advice, making it sound more considered and less like a blunt command. It’s a subtle way to convey the idea of doing what feels right and best in the moment.
- Using it for Strict Rules
- One common mistake is using 適宜 when a very specific, strict rule or procedure is intended. 適宜 implies flexibility and judgment. If a situation requires precise adherence to a set of instructions without deviation, using 適宜 would be misleading. For example, if you are operating heavy machinery with strict safety protocols, you wouldn't say 『安全手順は適宜守ってください』 (Anzen tejun wa tekigi mamotte kudasai). Instead, you would say 『安全手順を厳守してください』 (Anzen tejun o genshu shite kudasai) – 'Please strictly adhere to the safety procedures.' The word 適宜 suggests that there might be more than one way to do something, and the best way depends on the circumstances. If there's only one correct way, then 適宜 is not the right word.
- Overuse or Misapplication in Casual Settings
- While 適宜 can appear in casual conversation, overusing it or applying it where a simpler adverb would suffice can make your speech sound overly formal or even pretentious. For instance, instead of saying 『適宜楽しんでください』 (Tekigi tanoshinde kudasai) for 'Please enjoy yourself,' a more natural and common phrase might be 『楽しんでください』 (Tanoshinde kudasai) or 『ゆっくり楽しんでください』 (Yukkuri tanoshinde kudasai). Using 適宜 in such contexts might sound a bit stiff. It's best reserved for situations where a genuine sense of 'as appropriate' or 'with discretion' is intended, rather than just a general suggestion to enjoy something.
- Confusing with Similar Adverbs
- Learners might confuse 適宜 with other adverbs that also suggest a degree of flexibility or appropriateness, such as 随時 (zuiji - anytime) or 必要に応じて (hitsuyō ni ōjite - as needed). While there can be overlap, their nuances differ. 『随時』 means 'at any time' or 'whenever necessary,' focusing on timing. 『必要に応じて』 specifically refers to acting when a need arises. 適宜, on the other hand, is broader, encompassing 'as appropriate,' 'according to the situation,' or 'with good judgment.' For example, you might say 『必要に応じて資料を配布してください』 (Hitsuyō ni ōjite shiryō o haifu shite kudasai) - 'Please distribute materials as needed.' But if the distribution method itself requires judgment (e.g., who gets which document), then 『適宜資料を配布してください』 (Tekigi shiryō o haifu shite kudasai) - 'Please distribute materials as appropriate' - might be more fitting. Mistaking these can lead to subtle but significant changes in meaning.
- Not Specifying the Action
- A common error is to use 適宜 without a clear verb indicating what action should be taken appropriately. For instance, just saying 『適宜』 by itself is often incomplete. It needs to be paired with a verb like 対応する (taiō suru - to respond), 修正する (shūsei suru - to revise), or 判断する (handan suru - to judge). Leaving it hanging can make the instruction vague. The phrase 『適宜お願いします』 (Tekigi onegai shimasu) is sometimes heard, but it's better to specify the action, such as 『適宜対応をお願いします』 (Tekigi taiō o onegai shimasu) - 'Please respond appropriately.' This ensures clarity about what action requires discretionary judgment.
- Using it as a Noun
- 適宜 is an adverb, meaning it modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. It cannot be used as a noun on its own. For example, you cannot say 『適宜が大切です』 (Tekigi ga taisetsu desu) to mean 'Appropriateness is important.' Instead, you would use a related noun or a different phrasing, such as 『適切な対応が大切です』 (Tekisetsu na taiō ga taisetsu desu) - 'Appropriate response is important,' using the adjective 適切な (tekisetsu na). Understanding its grammatical function as an adverb is crucial for correct usage.
- 適切な (tekisetsu na) - Appropriate, Suitable
- Comparison: 適切 is an adjective (na-adjective) and means 'appropriate' or 'suitable.' It describes a noun. 適宜 is an adverb and describes how an action is performed. You use 適切な to describe something that *is* appropriate, while you use 適宜 to describe doing something *in an appropriate way*.
Example:
適切な: 『これは適切な判断です。』 (Kore wa tekisetsu na handan desu.) - 'This is an appropriate judgment.' (Describes the noun 'judgment')
適宜: 『適宜判断してください。』 (Tekigi handan shite kudasai.) - 'Please judge as appropriate.' (Describes the verb 'judge')
Think of it this way: 適切な describes the noun 'judgment' itself as being fitting, while 適宜 describes the *act* of judging as being done in a fitting manner.
- 必要に応じて (hitsuyō ni ōjite) - As needed, When necessary
- Comparison: This phrase focuses on the *necessity* of an action. It means to do something only when it is required. 適宜 is broader and implies acting appropriately based on the situation, which might include necessity but also other factors like convenience, suitability, or good judgment. 『必要に応じて』 is more about timing and requirement, while 適宜 is about the manner and suitability of the action.
Example:
必要に応じて: 『必要に応じて、追加の資料を配布します。』 (Hitsuyō ni ōjite, tsuika no shiryō o haifu shimasu.) - 'We will distribute additional materials as needed.' (Only if and when they are needed.)
適宜: 『適宜、資料を配布してください。』 (Tekigi, shiryō o haifu shite kudasai.) - 'Please distribute the materials as appropriate.' (Distribute them in a way that is suitable for the context, perhaps considering who needs them and when.)
The emphasis for 必要に応じて is on the 'need,' while for 適宜 it's on the 'appropriateness' of the action.
- 随時 (zuiji) - Anytime, Whenever
- Comparison: 随時 means 'at any time,' 'whenever,' or 'from time to time.' It primarily refers to the timing of an action, suggesting flexibility in when something can be done. It doesn't necessarily imply that the action itself needs to be particularly appropriate or judged based on the situation, just that it can be done at one's convenience or when the opportunity arises. 適宜 is about the *manner* and *suitability* of the action, not just its timing.
Example:
随時: 『随時、申請を受け付けています。』 (Zuiji, shinsei o uketsukete imasu.) - 'We are accepting applications anytime.' (Applications can be submitted at any moment.)
適宜: 『適宜、休憩を取ってください。』 (Tekigi, kyūkei o totte kudasai.) - 'Please take breaks as appropriate.' (Take breaks when it feels right or necessary, not just randomly.)
If you can do something at any point, you use 随時. If how and when you do it needs to be suitable for the situation, you use 適宜.
- 状況に応じて (jōkyō ni ōjite) - Depending on the situation
- Comparison: This phrase explicitly states that the action will be dependent on the situation. It's very close in meaning to 適宜, and often used together. However, 『状況に応じて』 is a phrase that describes the condition, while 適宜 is the adverb describing the action. You can think of 『状況に応じて』 as setting the context for the appropriateness implied by 適宜.
Example:
『状況に応じて、適宜対応します。』 (Jōkyō ni ōjite, tekigi taiō shimasu.) - 'We will respond appropriately depending on the situation.' Here, 『状況に応じて』 provides the condition, and 『適宜』 describes the manner of the response.
While 『状況に応じて』 is a descriptive phrase, 適宜 is the adverb that modifies the verb, indicating *how* one should respond to that situation.
- 適当に (tekitō ni) - Appropriately, Reasonably, Moderately
- Comparison: 適当に can be similar to 適宜, but it can also carry connotations of 'reasonable,' 'moderate,' or even 'careless' or 'random' depending on the context. While it can mean 'appropriately,' it's often less formal and can sometimes imply a less precise or more casual approach than 適宜. 適宜 generally implies a more thoughtful and considered appropriateness.
Example:
適当に: 『適当に混ぜてください。』 (Tekitō ni maze te kudasai.) - 'Mix it reasonably/moderately.' (Could mean mix it enough, or mix it casually.)
適宜: 『適宜混ぜてください。』 (Tekigi maze te kudasai.) - 'Please mix it as appropriate.' (Implies mixing it in a way that is best for the recipe or desired outcome.)
In situations requiring careful judgment and a high degree of suitability, 適宜 is usually preferred. 適当に can be more ambiguous.
How Formal Is It?
""
""
""
Fun Fact
The kanji 宜 (gi) itself has a long history and has been used in various contexts related to propriety and suitability. Its inclusion in 適宜 reinforces the notion of acting according to what is considered proper or fitting in a given context. The character's structure suggests a connection to 'convenience' and 'agreement,' further highlighting its role in facilitating smooth and appropriate interactions.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing 'te' as 'tay'.
- Adding an extra syllable or misplacing the stress.
- Confusing it with similar-sounding words.
Difficulty Rating
Understanding 適宜 in reading requires grasping the context to determine what 'appropriate' means. It's not a difficult word on its own, but its meaning is highly dependent on the surrounding text and the situation being described. Learners should look for verbs and context clues.
Using 適宜 correctly in writing involves understanding when flexibility and judgment are implied, versus when strict adherence is required. It's important to pair it with a clear verb and ensure the context supports the meaning of situational appropriateness.
When speaking, using 適宜 appropriately demonstrates a nuanced understanding of communication. It's best used in more formal or advisory contexts. Overuse in casual settings might sound stiff.
In listening, identifying 適宜 requires paying attention to the overall tone and context of the conversation or presentation. It signals that the speaker is suggesting a flexible or judgment-based approach.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Adverbial Usage: Adverbs like 適宜 modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They typically precede the word they modify.
彼は適宜話を進めた。(He proceeded with the talk appropriately.)
Na-Adjective Usage: While 適宜 is primarily an adverb, forms like 適切な (tekisetsu na) function as na-adjectives, modifying nouns.
これは適切な判断です。(This is an appropriate judgment.)
Verb Conjugation: The verb following 適宜 can be conjugated into various forms (masu, te, plain, potential, passive) to express different nuances of action.
適宜対応する (to respond appropriately), 適宜対応します (will respond appropriately), 適宜対応して (responding appropriately...).
Phrasal Usage: 適宜 is often used in conjunction with phrases like 状況に応じて (jōkyō ni ōjite - depending on the situation) or 必要に応じて (hitsuyō ni ōjite - as needed) to provide more specific context.
状況に応じて適宜対応します。(We will respond appropriately depending on the situation.)
Imperative and Request Forms: 適宜 is frequently used in polite requests or commands using ください (kudasai) or お願いします (onegai shimasu).
資料は適宜配布してください。(Please distribute the materials as appropriate.)
Examples by Level
会議の進行は、参加者の様子を適宜見ながら進めてください。
Proceed with the meeting progress while observing the participants as appropriate.
適宜 modifies the verb 進めてください (proceed).
この資料は、関係者に適宜配布して構いません。
You may distribute this material to the relevant parties as appropriate.
適宜 modifies the verb 配布して構いません (may distribute).
プロジェクトの計画は、予期せぬ問題が発生した場合、適宜修正する必要があります。
The project plan needs to be revised as appropriate if unexpected problems occur.
適宜 modifies the verb 修正する (revise).
新しいソフトウェアの導入にあたり、マニュアルを適宜参照してください。
When introducing the new software, please refer to the manual as appropriate.
適宜 modifies the verb 参照してください (please refer to).
予算の執行については、適宜判断し、報告してください。
Please judge the budget execution as appropriate and report it.
適宜 modifies the verb 判断し (judge).
この件については、担当者が適宜対応いたします。
Regarding this matter, the person in charge will handle it as appropriate.
適宜 modifies the verb 対応いたします (will handle).
展示品の配置は、来場者の動線を適宜考慮して決定します。
The arrangement of exhibits will be decided considering the flow of visitors as appropriate.
適宜 modifies the verb 考慮して (considering).
緊急時には、適宜避難経路を利用してください。
In case of emergency, please use the evacuation routes as appropriate.
適宜 modifies the verb 利用してください (please use).
Synonyms
Antonyms
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— We will respond as appropriate. This is a polite and common phrase used in business to assure someone that their request or situation will be handled with care and discretion.
ご要望については、<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜対応いたします</mark>。
— Please revise/correct as appropriate. This is an instruction asking someone to make changes based on their judgment of the situation.
このレポートは、<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜修正してください</mark>。
— Please use your judgment as appropriate. This is a request for someone to make a decision based on their understanding of the circumstances.
その件については、<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜判断をお願いします</mark>。
— Please proceed as appropriate. This instruction allows the recipient to move forward with a task at their discretion.
プロジェクトは、<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜進めてください</mark>。
— Please use as appropriate. This is often used for tools, features, or resources, indicating they should be utilized when and how they are best suited.
この機能は、<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜使用してください</mark>。
— It can be changed as appropriate. This indicates that something is flexible and can be modified based on circumstances.
会議の時間は<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜変更可能です</mark>。
— Please adjust as appropriate. This is a common instruction for things like budgets, schedules, or settings.
予算は<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜調整してください</mark>。
— Please distribute as appropriate. This is used when giving out materials or information, implying that the distributor should use their judgment on how and when to do so.
この資料は、<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜配布してください</mark>。
— Please judge as appropriate. A polite and formal way to ask someone to make a decision based on their judgment.
この問題については、<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜、ご判断ください</mark>。
— Please respond/handle as appropriate. A polite and formal way to request someone to take action based on their judgment.
緊急の要件には、<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜、ご対応ください</mark>。
Often Confused With
While both mean 'appropriately,' 適切に is an adjective (or adverb derived from one) and often implies objective correctness or suitability, whereas 適宜 is an adverb focusing on situational judgment and flexibility.
This phrase means 'as needed' and focuses on necessity and timing. 適宜 is broader, encompassing appropriateness based on the situation, not just need.
随時 means 'anytime' or 'whenever,' focusing on timing flexibility. 適宜 refers to the manner and suitability of an action, not just when it can be done.
Easily Confused
Both convey a sense of 'appropriateness.'
適切に (tekisetsu ni) is an adverb derived from the adjective 適切 (tekisetsu), meaning 'appropriate' or 'suitable.' It often implies adherence to a standard or correctness. 適宜 (tekigi) is also an adverb but emphasizes acting with judgment based on the specific circumstances, allowing for flexibility. <br><br><strong>Example:</strong> 『<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適切に</mark>管理してください。』 (Tekisetsu ni kanri shite kudasai.) - 'Please manage it appropriately.' (Implies following correct procedures.) <br>『<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜</mark>管理してください。』 (Tekigi kanri shite kudasai.) - 'Please manage it as appropriate.' (Implies managing it with discretion based on the situation.)
Please manage it appropriately (following procedures) vs. Please manage it as appropriate (using your judgment).
Both suggest acting based on circumstances.
必要に応じて (hitsuyō ni ōjite) means 'as needed' or 'when necessary.' It focuses on the requirement or necessity of an action. 適宜 (tekigi) means 'as appropriate' or 'according to the situation,' which is broader and includes suitability, convenience, and good judgment, not just necessity. <br><br><strong>Example:</strong> 『<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>必要に応じて</mark>、追加の資料を配布します。』 (Hitsuyō ni ōjite, tsuika no shiryō o haifu shimasu.) - 'We will distribute additional materials as needed.' (Only if they are required.) <br>『<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜</mark>、資料を配布してください。』 (Tekigi, shiryō o haifu shite kudasai.) - 'Please distribute the materials as appropriate.' (Distribute them in a way that is suitable for the context, which might include when they are needed but also how they are presented.)
Distribute materials when needed vs. Distribute materials in a way that is suitable for the context.
Both imply flexibility.
随時 (zuiji) means 'anytime,' 'whenever,' or 'from time to time.' It emphasizes the flexibility of timing. 適宜 (tekigi) refers to the manner or suitability of an action. You might use 随時 to say you can do something at any moment, while you use 適宜 to say you will do it in a way that is fitting for the situation. <br><br><strong>Example:</strong> 『<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>随時</mark>、質問を受け付けます。』 (Zuiji, shitsumon o uketsukemasu.) - 'We will accept questions anytime.' (Focus on timing.) <br>『<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜</mark>、休憩を取ってください。』 (Tekigi, kyūkei o totte kudasai.) - 'Please take breaks as appropriate.' (Focus on when it feels right or necessary, implying judgment.)
Accept questions anytime vs. Take breaks as appropriate.
Both can mean 'appropriately.'
適当に (tekitō ni) can mean 'appropriately,' 'reasonably,' or 'moderately,' but it can also carry connotations of being 'careless' or 'random' depending on the context. It's generally less formal and precise than 適宜. 適宜 implies a more thoughtful, considered, and situation-specific appropriateness. <br><br><strong>Example:</strong> 『<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適当に</mark>混ぜてください。』 (Tekitō ni maze te kudasai.) - 'Mix it reasonably/moderately.' (Could be casual.) <br>『<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜</mark>混ぜてください。』 (Tekigi maze te kudasai.) - 'Please mix it as appropriate.' (Implies mixing it in the best way for the recipe, with more deliberate judgment.)
Mix it reasonably (casual) vs. Mix it appropriately (with judgment for the best outcome).
Both relate to adapting to situations.
臨機応変に (rinkiōhen ni) means 'flexibly' or 'adaptably,' strongly emphasizing the ability to change one's approach in response to unforeseen circumstances. It highlights a skill in handling dynamic situations. 適宜 (tekigi) is about acting appropriately or suitably for the given situation, often implying a considered judgment within that situation. While related, 臨機応変に is more about the active, skillful adaptation to change, whereas 適宜 is about the suitability of the action itself. <br><br><strong>Example:</strong> 『<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>臨機応変に</mark>対応できる人材が必要です。』 (Rinkiōhen ni taiō dekiru jinzai ga hitsuyō desu.) - 'We need personnel who can respond flexibly.' (Focus on adaptable skill.) <br>『<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜</mark>対応してください。』 (Tekigi taiō shite kudasai.) - 'Please respond as appropriate.' (Focus on the suitability of the response in the current situation.)
Personnel needed who can respond flexibly (skill) vs. Respond as appropriate (suitability of action).
Sentence Patterns
Noun + は/を + 適宜 + Verb
この問題は、<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜</mark>解決してください。
適宜 + Verb
<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜</mark>進めてください。
状況に応じて/必要に応じて + 適宜 + Verb
状況に応じて<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜</mark>対応いたします。
適宜 + な + Noun (less common)
適宜な方法で進めてください。
適宜 + Verb + ください/お願いします
不明な点は<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜</mark>質問してください。
適宜 + Verb + ことがあります
スケジュールは<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜</mark>変更されることがあります。
適宜 + Verb + ように
会議の進行は<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜</mark>指示するように。
適宜 + Verb + ようにしてください
資料の配布は<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>適宜</mark>行うようにしてください。
Word Family
Related
How to Use It
High, especially in professional and instructional contexts.
-
Using 適宜 when a strict rule must be followed.
→
Use terms like 厳密に (genmitsu ni - strictly) or 一律に (ichiritsu ni - uniformly).
適宜 implies flexibility and judgment. If there is no room for discretion, it is the wrong word. For example, 'Safety procedures must be strictly followed' should not use 適宜.
-
Confusing 適宜 with 適切に (tekisetsu ni).
→
Use 適切に for objective correctness or suitability, and 適宜 for subjective, situational judgment and flexibility.
While similar, 適切に implies meeting a standard, while 適宜 implies adapting to the current circumstances. 'Appropriate judgment' could be 適切に判断, while 'judge as appropriate' is 適宜判断してください.
-
Using 適宜 in very casual conversation where simpler words are more natural.
→
Use simpler alternatives like 『適当に』 (tekitō ni - reasonably/moderately, but can be casual) or just omit the adverb if context is clear.
While not strictly wrong, using 適宜 in very casual settings can sound overly formal or stiff. For example, 'Enjoy yourself' is usually just 『楽しんでください』 (tanoshinde kudasai), not 『適宜楽しんでください』.
-
Using 適宜 without a clear verb.
→
Always pair 適宜 with a verb that describes the action to be performed appropriately.
Simply saying 『適宜』 by itself is incomplete. It needs to modify an action. For instance, instead of just 『適宜お願いします』, it's better to say 『適宜対応をお願いします』 (Please respond appropriately).
-
Assuming 適宜 always means 'as needed'.
→
Understand that 適宜 means 'as appropriate' or 'according to the situation,' which is broader than just 'as needed.'
『必要に応じて』 (hitsuyō ni ōjite) specifically means 'as needed.' 適宜 encompasses this but also includes suitability, convenience, and good judgment, even if something isn't strictly 'needed' but is the best course of action.
Tips
Visual Association
Imagine a chameleon perfectly blending into its surroundings. It's acting 『適宜』, changing its color to be appropriate for its environment. This visual can help you remember the core meaning of suitability and adaptation.
Adverbial Function
Remember that 適宜 is an adverb. It modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, describing HOW an action is performed. It should typically appear before the word it modifies.
Distinguish from 適切に
While similar, 適切に often implies objective correctness, whereas 適宜 implies subjective, situational judgment. If you're unsure, consider if the action is about following a rule (適切に) or using your own discretion (適宜).
Sentence Creation
Try creating your own sentences using 適宜 with different verbs like 対応する (respond), 修正する (revise), or 進める (proceed). This active recall will solidify your understanding.
Harmony and Consideration
In Japanese culture, acting 『適宜』 often aligns with maintaining social harmony (和 - wa) and showing consideration for others (思いやり - omoiyari). It's about acting in a way that is fitting not just for the task, but for the social context as well.
Learn Key Phrases
Memorizing common phrases like 『適宜対応いたします』 (We will respond as appropriate) and 『適宜修正してください』 (Please revise as appropriate) will help you use and understand the word more quickly.
Avoid for Strict Rules
Do not use 適宜 when a strict, unchangeable protocol must be followed. For example, in safety-critical operations, use terms like 厳密に (genmitsu ni - strictly).
Even Stress
Pronounce 適宜 with relatively even stress on each syllable (te-ki-gi). Avoid overemphasizing any one syllable, as this is not typical for this word.
Apply in Real Life
Look for opportunities in your daily interactions, whether communicating in Japanese or English, to think about what 'appropriate action' means in different contexts. This conscious reflection will improve your understanding.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine a 'tech' expert (tech-i) who is always 'giving' (gi) the right advice for any situation. This 'tech-gi' uses their judgment to provide solutions that are perfectly suited to the problem at hand. They don't just follow a manual; they adapt their expertise. So, 'tech-gi' = 'appropriate advice'.
Visual Association
Picture a chameleon changing its colors to perfectly blend in with its surroundings. The chameleon is acting 『適宜』 (tekigi), adapting its appearance to be 'appropriate' for its environment. Or, imagine a skilled tailor adjusting a suit to fit a person perfectly – the adjustments are made 『適宜』 to ensure the best fit.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to identify five situations in your daily life where you could use your judgment to act 『適宜』. For example, deciding how much time to spend on a task, how to respond to an unexpected email, or how to adjust your schedule. Think about what makes your action 'appropriate' in each case.
Word Origin
The word 適宜 (tekigi) is a compound of two kanji: 適 (teki) and 宜 (gi). The kanji 適 means 'suitable,' 'fitting,' or 'appropriate.' The kanji 宜 means 'fitting,' 'proper,' 'suitable,' or 'convenient.' Together, they convey the meaning of acting in a way that is fitting for the situation or circumstances.
Original meaning: The combined meaning of the kanji directly translates to 'fittingly fitting' or 'suitably suitable,' emphasizing the core concept of appropriateness and suitability in action.
Sino-Japanese (derived from Chinese characters)Cultural Context
When using 適宜, be mindful of the context. In highly sensitive or critical situations, it's important to ensure that 'appropriate' action still adheres to established protocols or ethical guidelines. The word itself implies good judgment, but the definition of 'good judgment' can vary. In formal settings, it's always best to err on the side of caution and clarity.
In English-speaking contexts, we might use phrases like 'use your discretion,' 'as the situation demands,' 'do what you think is best,' or 'handle it appropriately.' However, 適宜 often carries a slightly more formal and considered tone than some of these casual equivalents. It suggests a level of professional judgment that is highly respected.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Giving instructions in a business meeting.
- 適宜対応してください。
- 適宜進めてください。
- 適宜判断をお願いします。
Writing technical manuals or guidelines.
- 適宜修正してください。
- 適宜使用してください。
- 適宜調整してください。
Discussing project plans.
- 計画は適宜修正します。
- 適宜進捗を確認してください。
- 適宜リソースを配分します。
Offering advice or suggestions.
- 味付けは適宜調整してね。
- 休憩は適宜取ってください。
- 適宜、楽しんでください。
Formal announcements or notifications.
- 詳細は適宜通知します。
- 適宜配布してください。
- 適宜対応いたします。
Conversation Starters
"How do you usually handle unexpected situations at work?"
"When you're given instructions, do you prefer clear, step-by-step guidance or more flexibility?"
"Can you think of a time when you had to make a decision based purely on the situation?"
"What's the difference between doing something 'as needed' and 'as appropriate'?"
"How important is it for you to adapt your behavior to different social contexts?"
Journal Prompts
Describe a situation where you had to use your own judgment to decide how to act. What was the situation, and what was your decision-making process?
Reflect on a time when you received instructions that were very strict. How did it feel compared to receiving instructions that allowed for flexibility?
Think about a task you perform regularly. How could you approach it more 『適宜』 (appropriately) to make it more efficient or effective?
Consider a cultural difference you've observed regarding how people make decisions or handle situations. How does this relate to the concept of 『適宜』?
Write about a time you successfully adapted to a changing situation. What strategies did you use, and how did they help you achieve a positive outcome?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsThe main difference lies in their nuance and usage. 適宜 (tekigi) is an adverb that emphasizes acting with judgment based on the specific situation, implying flexibility. 適切に (tekisetsu ni) is also an adverb (derived from an adjective) that suggests acting in a way that is objectively correct, suitable, or adheres to standards. While they overlap, 適宜 leans towards subjective, situational appropriateness, whereas 適切に leans towards objective correctness. For instance, 『適宜判断してください』 means 'Please judge as appropriate (use your discretion),' while 『適切に判断してください』 means 'Please make an appropriate judgment' (implying the judgment should be correct or suitable by some standard).
Yes, it can, but it's less common than in formal settings. In casual conversation, using 適宜 might make your speech sound slightly more refined or considered. For example, telling a friend 『味付けは適宜調整してね』 (Ajitsuke wa tekigi chōsei shite ne - 'Adjust the seasoning as appropriate, okay?') sounds a bit more thoughtful than just 『味付けを調整してね』 (Ajitsuke o chōsei shite ne - 'Adjust the seasoning'). However, in very relaxed settings, simpler phrases might be more natural.
You should avoid using 適宜 when a strict, unchangeable rule or procedure must be followed without any deviation. In such cases, words like 厳密に (genmitsu ni - strictly) or 一律に (ichiritsu ni - uniformly) would be more appropriate. For example, safety protocols for operating heavy machinery require strict adherence, not flexible judgment.
The word is composed of two kanji: 適 (teki) and 宜 (gi). The kanji 適 means 'suitable,' 'fitting,' or 'appropriate.' The kanji 宜 means 'fitting,' 'proper,' 'suitable,' or 'convenient.' Together, they emphasize the idea of being fitting or suitable for the situation.
In Japanese culture, where harmony (和 - wa) and consideration for others (思いやり - omoiyari) are important, acting 『適宜』 often involves 'reading the air' (空気を読む - kūki o yomu) and making decisions that maintain social harmony and avoid causing inconvenience. It's a way of acting thoughtfully and considerately within a given social context, which is highly valued.
Yes, it can be used with negative commands, though it's less common. For example, 『適宜、無駄遣いしないでください。』 (Tekigi, mudazukai shinaide kudasai.) - 'Please do not waste resources as appropriate.' This would mean to avoid wasting resources in a way that is suitable for the situation, implying that in some specific circumstances, a certain amount of resource use might be considered appropriate.
『状況に応じて』 (jōkyō ni ōjite) means 'depending on the situation' or 'according to the circumstances.' It sets the condition for an action. 適宜 (tekigi) is the adverb that describes *how* the action should be performed in that situation – it should be done 'appropriately' or with judgment. They are often used together, like 『状況に応じて適宜対応します』 (Jōkyō ni ōjite tekigi taiō shimasu - 'We will respond appropriately depending on the situation'). 『状況に応じて』 explains the 'when' or 'under what conditions,' while 適宜 explains the 'how'.
適宜 itself is an adverb. However, related words like 適応する (tekiō suru - to adapt) or the adjective 適切な (tekisetsu na - appropriate) are verbs or adjectives. When used in sentences, 適宜 modifies a verb, such as 『適宜対応する』 (tekigi taiō suru - to respond appropriately), where 対応する is the verb.
Situations that require flexibility, good judgment, and adaptation are prime candidates for using 適宜. This includes managing tasks with variable requirements, responding to client needs, adjusting plans based on new information, or making decisions where there isn't a single, universally correct answer.
Try to identify opportunities in your daily life where you can make a decision based on the situation. For example, when deciding how to respond to an email, how much time to spend on a task, or how to adjust your schedule. Then, try to describe your action using 適宜 in a sentence, either in Japanese or by explaining it in English.
Test Yourself 8 questions
/ 8 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
適宜 (tekigi) is a versatile adverb that means 'as appropriate,' 'as needed,' or 'according to the situation.' It encourages using one's judgment to act in a way that best suits the specific circumstances, making it common in business, instructions, and formal communication where flexibility and thoughtful decision-making are valued.
- 適宜 (tekigi) means 'as appropriate' or 'as needed'.
- It emphasizes using judgment based on the situation.
- Common in business, instructions, and formal contexts.
- Implies flexibility and thoughtful action.
Context is Key
The meaning of 'appropriate' in 適宜 is entirely dependent on the context. Always consider the situation, the people involved, and the desired outcome when deciding how to act or interpret its use.
Visual Association
Imagine a chameleon perfectly blending into its surroundings. It's acting 『適宜』, changing its color to be appropriate for its environment. This visual can help you remember the core meaning of suitability and adaptation.
Adverbial Function
Remember that 適宜 is an adverb. It modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, describing HOW an action is performed. It should typically appear before the word it modifies.
Distinguish from 適切に
While similar, 適切に often implies objective correctness, whereas 適宜 implies subjective, situational judgment. If you're unsure, consider if the action is about following a rule (適切に) or using your own discretion (適宜).
Example
各自、適宜休憩を取ってください。
Related Content
More business words
遅めに
B1Late or later than usual.
経理
B1Accounting, accounts department; managing financial records.
的確な
B1Accurate; precise; exactly correct.
達成する
B1To achieve; to accomplish a goal.
活性化
B2To make something more active, lively, or effective. It is used for communities (revitalization), economies (stimulation), and biological processes (activation).
付加
B2To add or attach something extra to an existing thing to increase its value or function.
優位性
B2The state of being in a superior or more advantageous position compared to others; an edge or competitive advantage.
有利
A2Advantageous, favorable; beneficial in a situation.
有利に
B1Advantageously; favorably.
宣伝する
B1To promote; to publicize; to advertise.
