To cough is a natural bodily reaction, expressed as 'seki o suru' in Japanese.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Refers to the act of coughing due to irritation.
- Commonly used to describe symptoms of colds or allergies.
- Often paired with onomatopoeic adverbs to describe the sound.
概要
「咳をする」は、喉や気管に溜まった異物を取り除こうとする生理現象を指す動詞句です。日本語では「咳」という名詞に「する」という動詞を組み合わせて表現します。2) 使用パターン: 基本的には「〜が咳をする」という形で、主語の動作を表します。また、咳の激しさや頻度を表す副詞(ひどく、コンコンと、ゲホゲホと)と組み合わせて使われることが非常に多いです。3) 一般的な文脈: 主に体調不良(風邪、インフルエンザ、喘息など)の文脈で使われます。また、緊張している時や喉に何かが引っかかった時、あるいは誰かの注意を引くための「咳払い」に近い意味で使われることもあります。4) 類語との比較: 「咳き込む(せきこむ)」は、激しく連続して咳が出る様子を強調する言葉です。単に「咳をする」よりも、より苦しそうな状況や、咳が止まらない状態を指します。「咳払いをする」は、喉を鳴らして音を立てる行為であり、生理的な咳とは異なり、意図的に行うことが多い点で区別されます。
Examples
風邪気味で、朝からずっと咳をしている。
everydayI have a bit of a cold and have been coughing since this morning.
会議中に咳をしてしまい、申し訳ございません。
formalI apologize for coughing during the meeting.
隣の人がずっと咳をしていて集中できない。
informalThe person next to me keeps coughing and I can't concentrate.
患者は乾いた咳を繰り返している。
academicThe patient is having repeated dry coughs.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
咳が止まらない
Cannot stop coughing
咳が出る
Have a cough
空咳をする
Have a dry cough
Often Confused With
Refers to a violent, uncontrollable fit of coughing. Use this when the coughing is severe or prevents speaking.
Refers to clearing one's throat. This is often intentional and not related to illness.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
The phrase 'seki o suru' is neutral and commonly used in both formal and informal settings. When speaking to superiors, adding an apology like 'sumimasen' is standard etiquette. It is the most common way to describe the act of coughing in daily conversation.
Learners sometimes confuse 'seki o suru' with 'seki ga deru' (a cough comes out). Both are grammatically correct, but 'seki ga deru' focuses on the symptom appearing, while 'seki o suru' focuses on the person performing the action.
Tips
Use onomatopoeia for vivid descriptions
Japanese uses sound words like 'kon-kon' for light coughing or 'geho-geho' for heavy coughing. Adding these makes your description much more natural.
Don't confuse with intentional throat clearing
Remember that 'seki o suru' is usually involuntary. If you mean clearing your throat to get attention, use 'seki-barai o suru' instead.
Mask culture in Japan
In Japan, people often wear masks when they are coughing to be considerate of others. Mentioning this context helps explain why coughing is a sensitive social topic.
Word Origin
The word 'seki' is derived from the ancient Japanese word for throat irritation, and 'suru' is the universal verb for 'to do'.
Cultural Context
In Japan, coughing in public is often met with concern for the health of others. Wearing a mask is a standard social gesture to contain coughs and protect others from germs.
Memory Tip
Imagine the sound 'seki' as the sound of your throat being irritated. Associate 'suru' (to do) with the action of forcing the air out.
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions「咳をする」は動作そのものを指す一般的な表現です。一方、「咳き込む」は咳が止まらなくなったり、激しく咳き出したりする状態を強調します。
違います。咳は生理現象ですが、咳払いは喉の調子を整えたり、相手の注意を引くために意図的に出す音を指します。
はい、使えます。ただし「咳が出て申し訳ありません」のように、体調不良を伝える際に丁寧な表現と共に使うのが適切です。
はい、喉の痛みと咳は関連性が高いため、「喉が痛くて咳をする」というように併用して使われることが多いです。
Test Yourself
風邪を引いて、朝からずっと___。
現在進行形で症状が続いているため、「〜している」の形が適切です。
次に適した状況はどれですか?
咳は体調不良だけでなく、乾燥や運動などの刺激でも起こるためです。
(ひどく / 昨夜から / 咳を / しています)
時間、副詞、動詞の順序が自然な日本語の語順です。
Score: /3
Summary
To cough is a natural bodily reaction, expressed as 'seki o suru' in Japanese.
- Refers to the act of coughing due to irritation.
- Commonly used to describe symptoms of colds or allergies.
- Often paired with onomatopoeic adverbs to describe the sound.
Use onomatopoeia for vivid descriptions
Japanese uses sound words like 'kon-kon' for light coughing or 'geho-geho' for heavy coughing. Adding these makes your description much more natural.
Don't confuse with intentional throat clearing
Remember that 'seki o suru' is usually involuntary. If you mean clearing your throat to get attention, use 'seki-barai o suru' instead.
Mask culture in Japan
In Japan, people often wear masks when they are coughing to be considerate of others. Mentioning this context helps explain why coughing is a sensitive social topic.
Examples
4 of 4風邪気味で、朝からずっと咳をしている。
I have a bit of a cold and have been coughing since this morning.
会議中に咳をしてしまい、申し訳ございません。
I apologize for coughing during the meeting.
隣の人がずっと咳をしていて集中できない。
The person next to me keeps coughing and I can't concentrate.
患者は乾いた咳を繰り返している。
The patient is having repeated dry coughs.
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