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B1 noun #1,500 most common 12 min read

準備

junbi Top 1,500

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips 準備 in 30 Seconds

Explanation 準備 in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners encounter the word 準備 (junbi) as a basic vocabulary item related to daily routines and simple instructions. At this stage, the focus is on recognizing the word and understanding its core meaning of 'preparation' or 'getting ready.' Learners are taught to use it in very simple, fixed phrases. The most common and useful phrase at this level is 準備ができました (junbi ga dekimashita), which means 'I am ready' or 'It is ready.' This phrase is incredibly practical for a beginner. You can use it to tell your teacher you are ready to start the lesson, to tell your host family you are ready to eat dinner, or to tell your friends you are ready to leave the house. Another important pattern for A1 learners is combining 準備 with the verb する (suru - to do) to make 準備します (junbi shimasu - I will prepare). For example, a learner might say 明日、準備します (ashita, junbi shimasu - I will prepare tomorrow). At this level, learners are not expected to understand the complex nuances between 準備 and its synonyms like 用意 (yōi). The goal is simply to associate the sound 'junbi' with the concept of getting things ready. Teachers often use this word in classroom instructions, such as 授業の準備をしてください (jugyō no junbi o shite kudasai - please prepare for class), prompting students to take out their textbooks and pencils. Visual aids, such as a picture of someone packing a suitcase, are often used to reinforce the meaning. By mastering these basic phrases, A1 learners can effectively communicate their state of readiness in simple, everyday situations.

At the A2 level, learners expand their use of 準備 (junbi) to describe a wider range of activities and begin to use it with more complex grammatical structures. They learn to specify what they are preparing for by using the particle の (no). For example, they can say 旅行の準備 (ryokō no junbi - preparation for a trip), パーティーの準備 (pātī no junbi - preparation for a party), or テストの準備 (tesuto no junbi - preparation for a test). This allows them to talk about their plans and schedules more accurately. A2 learners also start using the progressive form, 準備しています (junbi shite imasu - I am preparing), to describe actions happening right now. For instance, if someone calls and asks what they are doing, they can reply, 今、出かける準備をしています (ima, dekakeru junbi o shite imasu - I am getting ready to go out now). Furthermore, learners at this level are introduced to the te-form for making requests, such as 準備をしてください (junbi o shite kudasai - please prepare). They might also learn to combine 準備 with other basic verbs, like 手伝う (tetsudau - to help), to say 準備を手伝ってください (junbi o tetsudatte kudasai - please help with the preparation). The contexts in which they use the word expand from simple classroom instructions to everyday life scenarios, such as cooking, traveling, and organizing small events. While they still might occasionally confuse 準備 with other similar words, their ability to use it in practical, descriptive sentences significantly improves at the A2 level.

At the B1 level, learners develop a more nuanced understanding of 準備 (junbi) and begin to use it in professional and abstract contexts. They are expected to grasp the difference between physical preparation (like packing a bag) and mental or logistical preparation. They learn phrases like 心の準備 (kokoro no junbi - mental preparation) and use it to express readiness for significant news or events. In business or academic contexts, B1 learners use 準備 to discuss projects, meetings, and presentations. They can say 会議の準備が終わりました (kaigi no junbi ga owarimashita - the preparation for the meeting is finished) or プレゼンの準備が必要です (purezen no junbi ga hitsuyō desu - preparation for the presentation is necessary). At this stage, learners also become familiar with compound words and suffixes, such as 準備中 (junbichū - currently in preparation), which they will frequently see on shop signs. They learn to express the state of preparation using adjectives, such as 準備不足 (junbi busoku - lack of preparation) to explain why something failed, or 準備万端 (junbi bantan - fully prepared) to show confidence. Grammatically, they start using structures like ~のために (no tame ni - for the sake of) to say 留学のために準備しています (ryūgaku no tame ni junbi shite imasu - I am preparing to study abroad). B1 learners are also introduced to the subtle differences between 準備 and synonyms like 用意 (yōi) and 支度 (shitaku), allowing them to choose the most appropriate word for the situation. Their usage of 準備 becomes much more versatile, reflecting a solid intermediate grasp of the language.

At the B2 level, learners use 準備 (junbi) with a high degree of fluency and accuracy, integrating it seamlessly into complex sentences and professional discourse. They are comfortable discussing detailed logistical planning and the abstract concepts of readiness. In a business environment, a B2 learner can confidently lead a discussion about project timelines, stating things like 来月のイベントに向けて、綿密な準備を進めています (raigetsu no ibento ni mukete, menmitsu na junbi o susumete imasu - we are proceeding with meticulous preparations for next month's event). They understand and use advanced collocations, such as 準備を整える (junbi o totonaeru - to finalize preparations) or 準備に取り掛かる (junbi ni torikakaru - to begin preparations). At this level, learners can articulate the consequences of good or bad preparation, using conditional structures like しっかり準備をしておけば、問題ないはずです (shikkari junbi o shite okeba, mondai nai hazu desu - if we prepare thoroughly in advance, there should be no problem). They also fully grasp the cultural weight of preparation in Japan, understanding concepts like 根回し (nemawashi) as a form of essential pre-meeting 準備. B2 learners can easily distinguish between 準備, 用意, 支度, and 手配, using each in its correct context without hesitation. They can read and comprehend news articles or business reports that discuss preparations for major events, such as the Olympics or disaster readiness (防災準備 - bōsai junbi). Their vocabulary surrounding the word is rich, allowing them to express nuances of scale, effort, and completion regarding any preparatory task.

At the C1 level, learners possess a near-native command of the word 準備 (junbi) and its associated vocabulary. They can navigate highly formal, academic, and specialized contexts where preparation is discussed. They use sophisticated phrasing and idiomatic expressions effortlessly. For example, they might use phrases like 万全の準備を期す (banzen no junbi o kisu - to ensure absolute preparation) or 準備に余念がない (junbi ni yonen ga nai - to be entirely absorbed in preparations). C1 learners can engage in complex debates or negotiations where the state of readiness is a critical factor. They can write formal business emails or reports detailing the preparatory phases of a project using appropriate keigo (honorific language), such as 準備を進めさせていただいております (junbi o susumesasete itadaite orimasu - we are humbly proceeding with the preparations). They understand the subtle implications of preparation in Japanese social dynamics, such as how excessive preparation can sometimes be seen as a sign of respect, while lack of it is a severe breach of etiquette. At this level, learners can also comprehend and use literary or journalistic terms related to preparation, such as 準備段階 (junbi dankai - preparatory stage) or 準備書面 (junbi shomen - preparatory brief in a legal context). Their ability to use 準備 is not just about grammatical correctness, but about rhetorical effectiveness, allowing them to persuade, reassure, or apologize based on the state of their preparations.

At the C2 level, the mastery of 準備 (junbi) is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. Learners at this stage understand the deepest etymological roots of the kanji and can appreciate the word's usage in classical literature, poetry, and philosophical discourse. They can manipulate the concept of preparation to convey subtle irony, profound respect, or complex strategic thinking. A C2 learner can effortlessly switch between registers, using highly colloquial slang related to getting ready with friends, and then immediately transitioning to the most formal, archaic expressions of readiness in a formal address. They are familiar with obscure proverbs and historical idioms related to preparation. They can critique the cultural phenomenon of over-preparation in Japanese society or write a comprehensive academic paper on the logistical preparations of historical events. At this level, 準備 is not just a vocabulary word; it is a conceptual tool that the learner uses to navigate the most intricate and demanding linguistic environments. They understand that preparation in the Japanese context is deeply tied to the concepts of wa (harmony) and meiwaku (avoiding nuisance), and they can articulate these connections fluently. Their usage is flawless, expressive, and deeply culturally informed, reflecting a complete and absolute mastery of the Japanese language.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

準備 in 30 Seconds

Getting things ready before an event.
Can be physical (packing) or mental.
Often combined with 'suru' to mean 'to prepare'.
Crucial concept in Japanese business and culture.

The Japanese word 準備 (junbi) is an essential noun that translates to preparation, arrangements, or getting ready for a specific event, task, or situation. In Japanese culture, preparation is not merely a practical step but a fundamental aspect of social harmony, professional success, and personal responsibility. The concept of being prepared is deeply ingrained in the society, from the meticulous planning of business projects to the careful arrangement of a tea ceremony. Understanding how and when to use this word is crucial for anyone learning Japanese, as it appears in almost every context of daily life. The word consists of two kanji characters: 準 (jun), which means to conform, semi-, or standard, and 備 (bi), which means to equip, provide, or prepare. Together, they convey the idea of equipping oneself or arranging things to meet a certain standard or requirement before an event occurs.

Core Meaning: The fundamental meaning of 準備 is the act of making things ready in advance. This can refer to physical preparation, such as packing a bag, or abstract preparation, such as studying for a test.

旅行の準備をしています。

People use this word when they are gathering materials, setting up equipment, or mentally bracing themselves for an upcoming situation. It is a highly versatile word that can be combined with the verb する (suru - to do) to form the verb 準備する (junbi suru - to prepare). In a business context, preparation is often seen as the most critical phase of any project. There is a famous Japanese concept called 根回し (nemawashi), which refers to the informal process of quietly laying the foundation for some proposed change or project by talking to the people concerned. While nemawashi is a specific type of consensus-building, it falls under the broader umbrella of 準備. If you go into a meeting without proper 準備, it is considered highly unprofessional.

Business Context: In professional settings, you will frequently hear phrases like 会議の準備 (kaigi no junbi - preparation for the meeting) or プレゼンの準備 (purezen no junbi - preparation for the presentation).

明日の会議の準備は終わりましたか。

Furthermore, the concept of preparation extends to disaster readiness. Japan is a country prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons. Therefore, disaster preparation, or 防災準備 (bōsai junbi), is a common topic of discussion. People prepare emergency kits, secure heavy furniture, and memorize evacuation routes.

地震に備えて準備をしておくべきです。

In educational settings, students are constantly reminded to do their 準備. This includes preparing for classes by doing homework, studying for exams (試験の準備 - shiken no junbi), and getting their school supplies ready for the next day.

Mental Preparation: Preparation is not always physical. Preparing oneself emotionally or psychologically for a big event, a difficult conversation, or a major life change is equally important and frequently expressed using this word.

まだ心の準備ができていません。

In social situations, such as hosting a party or welcoming guests, preparation is a sign of respect and hospitality (omotenashi). A host will spend hours or even days making 準備 to ensure that their guests have a comfortable and enjoyable experience. This includes cleaning the house, preparing food, and arranging decorations.

パーティーの準備を手伝ってください。

In summary, 準備 is a ubiquitous word that encompasses physical, mental, professional, and personal readiness. It is a reflection of the Japanese cultural emphasis on foresight, planning, and consideration for others. Mastering its usage will significantly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in a wide range of situations in Japan.

Using the word 準備 (junbi) in sentences is relatively straightforward once you understand its grammatical function as a verbal noun (suru-verb). This means it can function both as a standard noun and as a verb when combined with する (suru). Let us explore the various grammatical structures and common patterns associated with this versatile word.

As a Noun: When used as a standalone noun, 準備 is often followed by particles such as が (ga), を (o), or に (ni), depending on its role in the sentence.

準備ができました。

The phrase 準備ができました (junbi ga dekimashita) is one of the most common expressions you will hear. It translates to 'The preparations are complete' or simply 'I am ready.' The verb できる (dekiru) in this context means 'to be completed' or 'to be ready.' You can use this phrase when you have finished packing, when dinner is ready to be served, or when you are ready to leave the house.

With the Verb Suru: By adding する (suru) to 準備, it becomes an active verb meaning 'to prepare' or 'to get ready.'

今から夕食の準備をします。

You can conjugate 準備する just like any other suru-verb. For example, 準備します (junbi shimasu - formal present/future), 準備しました (junbi shimashita - formal past), 準備して (junbi shite - te-form), and 準備しない (junbi shinai - plain negative). When you want to express that you are in the middle of preparing something, you use the progressive form 準備している (junbi shite iru) or its formal equivalent 準備しています (junbi shite imasu).

彼は明日への準備をしています。

Another very common pattern is using the suffix 中 (chū), which means 'in the middle of' or 'currently.' By attaching 中 directly to 準備, you create the word 準備中 (junbichū), meaning 'currently in preparation.' You will often see this on signs outside restaurants or shops before they open for the day. It indicates that the staff is inside getting things ready, but the establishment is not yet open to customers.

Combining with Adjectives: You can describe the state of your preparation by using adjectives. For example, you can say the preparation is good, bad, sufficient, or insufficient.

今回は準備不足で失敗しました。

The word 準備不足 (junbi busoku) means 'lack of preparation' or 'insufficient preparation.' This is a handy compound noun used to explain why something did not go as planned. Conversely, if you are perfectly prepared, you can use the phrase 準備万端 (junbi bantan), which means 'fully prepared' or 'everything is ready.'

旅行の準備万端です！

Understanding these various sentence structures and collocations will allow you to express the concept of preparation fluently and naturally in Japanese. Whether you are talking about a simple daily task or a complex business project, 準備 is the word you will rely on.

The word 準備 (junbi) is ubiquitous in Japanese society. Because the culture places such a high premium on foresight, organization, and avoiding inconvenience to others, the act of preparation is discussed constantly across all domains of life. You will hear this word in casual conversations among friends, in formal business meetings, in educational settings, and even in public announcements. Let us explore the specific environments where this word is most frequently encountered.

In the Workplace: The Japanese corporate world runs on meticulous planning. In an office environment, 準備 is a word you will hear multiple times a day.

資料の準備をお願いします。

Before any meeting, presentation, or negotiation, employees are expected to have completed their 準備. This involves printing documents, setting up projectors, researching the client, and anticipating potential questions. A manager might ask their team, '会議の準備は進んでいますか？' (Kaigi no junbi wa susunde imasu ka? - Is the preparation for the meeting progressing?). Lack of preparation in a business setting is not just a personal failing; it is considered disrespectful to the colleagues or clients who are giving you their time.

At School: From a very young age, Japanese children are taught the importance of preparation. Teachers frequently use the word 準備 to instruct students.

明日の授業の準備をしてください。

Students are expected to prepare their backpacks the night before, ensuring they have the correct textbooks, notebooks, and stationery for the next day's schedule. This daily routine is often referred to as 明日の準備 (ashita no junbi - preparation for tomorrow). Furthermore, when major events like the school sports festival (運動会 - undōkai) or cultural festival (文化祭 - bunkasai) approach, the entire school goes into a period of intense 準備. Students stay after school to build props, practice performances, and organize logistics.

文化祭の準備で忙しいです。

In Daily Life and Travel: At home, 準備 is used to describe the mundane but necessary tasks that keep a household running smoothly.

晩ご飯の準備を手伝うよ。

Preparing meals (食事の準備 - shokuji no junbi), getting ready to go out (出かける準備 - dekakeru junbi), and preparing for guests are all common contexts. When planning a trip, 旅行の準備 (ryokō no junbi) encompasses everything from booking flights and hotels to packing suitcases and researching itineraries.

泳ぐ前に準備体操をしましょう。

Finally, you will hear this word in the context of life milestones. Preparing for a wedding (結婚式の準備 - kekkonshiki no junbi), preparing for a baby, or preparing for retirement all require significant planning and effort, and the word 準備 perfectly captures the comprehensive nature of these activities. By paying attention to these contexts, you will quickly realize how central the concept of preparation is to the Japanese way of life.

While 準備 (junbi) is a common and highly useful word, English speakers learning Japanese often make specific mistakes when using it. These errors usually stem from direct translation, misunderstanding the nuances between similar words, or incorrect grammatical pairings. By being aware of these common pitfalls, you can refine your Japanese and sound much more natural. Let us examine the most frequent mistakes learners make with this word.

Confusing 準備 with 用意 (Yōi): One of the most common mistakes is using 準備 interchangeably with 用意 (yōi). While both translate to 'preparation,' they have distinct nuances.

Incorrect: 走る準備、ドン！

準備 generally refers to a longer, more comprehensive process of getting ready, often involving multiple steps, planning, and gathering materials. It implies a broader scope of preparation. On the other hand, 用意 (yōi) refers to immediate, physical readiness or the act of procuring specific items needed right now. For example, the phrase 'Ready, set, go!' in a race is translated as '位置について、用意、ドン！' (Ichi ni tsuite, yōi, don!). Using 準備 here would sound unnatural because the runners are not doing long-term planning; they are getting into immediate physical position.

Using the Wrong Verb: Another frequent error is pairing 準備 with the wrong verb. Because 'to make preparations' is a common phrase in English, learners sometimes try to translate 'make' directly into Japanese.

Incorrect: 準備を作ります。

In Japanese, you do not 'make' (作る - tsukuru) preparations. Instead, you 'do' (する - suru) preparations. The correct phrasing is 準備をする (junbi o suru) or simply 準備する (junbi suru). Using 作る sounds very strange to a native speaker, as it implies physically crafting or manufacturing the abstract concept of preparation.

Correct: 準備をします。

Misusing 準備ができる: The phrase 準備ができる (junbi ga dekiru) means 'preparations are complete' or 'I am ready.' A common mistake is using the particle を (o) instead of が (ga) with the verb できる.

Incorrect: 準備をできました。

The verb できる (dekiru) is an intransitive verb (or a potential verb, depending on the context), and it generally takes the particle が (ga) to mark the subject that has been completed or is possible. Therefore, you must say 準備ができました. If you want to use the particle を, you must use the transitive verb する (suru) and say 準備をしました (junbi o shimashita - I did the preparations).

Correct: 準備ができました。

Finally, learners sometimes use 準備 when referring to studying for a specific lesson. While studying is a form of preparation, Japanese has a specific word for preparing for a lesson: 予習 (yoshū). If you say 授業の準備をする (jugyō no junbi o suru), it sounds like you are a teacher preparing the materials for the class, or a student getting their textbooks out of their bag. If you mean you are studying the material in advance, you should use 予習をする (yoshū o suru). By paying attention to these nuances and grammatical rules, you can avoid these common mistakes and use 準備 accurately and naturally.

The Japanese language is rich in vocabulary related to preparation, readiness, and planning. While 準備 (junbi) is the most general and widely used term, there are several similar words and alternatives that convey specific nuances. Choosing the right word depends on the context, the scale of the preparation, and whether the readiness is physical, mental, or logistical. Let us explore these alternatives to deepen your understanding of how to express preparation in Japanese.

用意 (Yōi) - Immediate Preparation: As mentioned in the common mistakes section, 用意 (yōi) is the closest synonym to 準備, but it focuses on immediate, tangible readiness. It often implies procuring or setting out the specific items needed for an impending action.

お茶の用意ができました。

For example, if you are hosting a meeting, 準備 would encompass the days of researching, creating slides, and booking the room. 用意 would refer to the act of placing the printed agendas and bottles of water on the table right before the attendees walk in. When a director on a film set says 'Ready, action!', the Japanese equivalent is '用意、スタート！' (Yōi, sutāto!).

支度 (Shitaku) - Personal Preparation: 支度 (shitaku) is a specific type of preparation related to personal readiness, particularly dressing, grooming, or preparing a meal. It has a slightly more traditional or domestic feel compared to the objective tone of 準備.

出かける支度をしています。

When you are getting dressed, doing your makeup, and putting on your shoes to leave the house, you are doing your 支度. Similarly, preparing a meal is often referred to as 食事の支度 (shokuji no shitaku). While you could use 準備 in these contexts, 支度 sounds more natural and specific to personal routines.

手配 (Tehai) - Logistical Arrangements: 手配 (tehai) translates to arrangements, booking, or organizing logistics. It is used when preparation involves coordinating with third parties, such as reserving a hotel, booking a flight, or arranging for a delivery.

ホテルの手配は済みましたか。

If you are planning a business trip, the overall process is 準備, but the specific act of booking the Shinkansen tickets and the hotel room is 手配. It implies a level of administrative or logistical coordination that goes beyond simply getting yourself ready.

タクシーを手配してください。

Other notable alternatives include 覚悟 (kakugo), which means mental readiness or resolution, often used in serious or difficult situations. 予習 (yoshū) means preparation for a lesson, specifically studying material before a class. 備え (sonae) refers to provision or readiness, particularly in the context of preparing for emergencies or disasters, as in the proverb 備えあれば憂いなし (sonae areba urei nashi - well prepared means no worries). By understanding the subtle differences between 準備, 用意, 支度, and 手配, you can choose the most precise and natural word for any situation requiring preparation.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The kanji 備 (bi) is also used in the word 装備 (sōbi), which means equipment or gear, often used in video games for a character's armor and weapons. So when you do your 準備, you are essentially 'equipping' yourself for the day's quests!

Pronunciation Guide

UK /d͡ʑɯm.bi/

US /d͡ʒum.bi/

Heiban (flat) pitch accent: L-H-H (ju-N-BI).

Rhymes With

賛美 (sanbi - praise) 神秘 (shinpi - mystery) 便秘 (benpi - constipation) 完備 (kanbi - fully equipped) 装備 (sōbi - equipment) 守備 (shubi - defense) 不備 (fubi - defect/deficiency) 賛否 (sanpi - pros and cons)

Common Errors

Pronouncing the 'n' as an English alveolar 'n'. In Japanese, 'n' before 'b' becomes a bilabial 'm' sound (jumbi).
Putting English-style stress on the first syllable (JUN-bi). Japanese uses pitch, not stress.
Making the 'u' in 'ju' too long. It is a short vowel.
Pronouncing the 'j' like a French 'j' (zh). It should be a hard 'j' like in 'jump'.
Dropping the pitch on the final 'bi'. It should remain high in standard Tokyo dialect.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

The kanji 準 (jun) and 備 (bi) are taught in junior high school and elementary school respectively. They have many strokes but are very common.

Writing 4/5

Writing 準備 from memory can be challenging for beginners due to the complexity of the kanji 準 (13 strokes) and 備 (12 strokes).

Speaking 1/5

Very easy to pronounce. The 'jumbi' sound is natural for English speakers.

Listening 1/5

Easy to catch in conversation due to its distinct sounds and frequent use.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

する (suru - to do) できる (dekiru - to be able/completed) 終わる (owaru - to finish) 前 (mae - before) 待つ (matsu - to wait)

Learn Next

用意 (yōi - immediate preparation) 支度 (shitaku - personal preparation) 片付ける (katadzukeru - to clean up) 計画 (keikaku - plan) 予定 (yotei - schedule)

Advanced

手配 (tehai - arrangements) 段取り (dandori - procedure/plan) 根回し (nemawashi - laying groundwork) 備える (sonaeru - to provide/prepare for) 予習 (yoshū - preparation for a lesson)

Grammar to Know

Noun + の (no) + 準備

テストの準備 (Preparation for the test)

準備 + をする (o suru) [Active]

夕食の準備をする (To prepare dinner)

準備 + ができる (ga dekiru) [State]

出発の準備ができた (Preparations for departure are complete)

Verb (Te-form) + おく (oku) [Preparation for future]

読んでおく (To read in advance as preparation)

Noun + に備えて (ni sonaete) [In preparation for]

地震に備えて水を買う (Buy water in preparation for an earthquake)

Examples by Level

じゅんびができました。

The preparations are complete. / I am ready.

The particle が (ga) marks 'junbi' as the subject of the verb 'dekimashita' (is completed).

あした、じゅんびします。

I will prepare tomorrow.

Combining the noun 'junbi' with the verb 'shimasu' (to do) makes it an action.

じゅんびをしてください。

Please prepare. / Please get ready.

Using the te-form of 'suru' (shite) + 'kudasai' to make a polite request.

これはじゅんびですか。

Is this preparation?

A simple A = B question using 'desu ka'.

じゅんびはいいですか。

Are you ready? (Is the preparation good?)

A common conversational phrase asking if someone is ready.

はい、じゅんびＯＫです。

Yes, preparation is OK. / Yes, I'm ready.

A very casual, common way to say you are ready using the English 'OK'.

いま、じゅんびします。

I will prepare now.

Using the time word 'ima' (now) with the future/present verb 'shimasu'.

じゅんびがありません。

There is no preparation. / I am not prepared.

Using 'arimasen' to indicate the absence of preparation.

旅行の準備をしています。

I am preparing for a trip.

Using particle の (no) to link 'trip' and 'preparation', and the progressive form 'shite imasu'.

パーティーの準備を手伝ってください。

Please help with the party preparations.

Using the verb 手伝う (tetsudau - to help) with the object particle を (o).

まだ準備ができていません。

I am not ready yet. (Preparations are not yet complete.)

Using まだ (mada - not yet) with the negative te-iru form 'dekite imasen'.

明日のテストの準備をします。

I will prepare for tomorrow's test.

Linking multiple nouns with の (no): tomorrow's test's preparation.

晩ご飯の準備は終わりました。

The preparation for dinner is finished.

Using the intransitive verb 終わる (owaru - to finish) with the topic particle は (wa).

出かける準備をしてから、電話します。

I will call you after I get ready to go out.

Using the te-form + から (kara) to mean 'after doing X'.

会議の準備で忙しいです。

I am busy with the meeting preparations.

Using the particle で (de) to indicate the reason or cause of being busy.

一緒に準備をしましょう。

Let's prepare together.

Using 一緒に (issho ni - together) and the volitional form 'shimashō' (let's do).

心の準備がまだできていません。

I am not mentally prepared yet.

Using the common collocation 心の準備 (kokoro no junbi - mental preparation).

地震に備えて、防災の準備をしておくべきです。

You should make disaster preparations in case of an earthquake.

Using ~ておく (te oku) for doing something in advance, and べき (beki) for 'should'.

今回は準備不足で失敗してしまいました。

I failed this time due to a lack of preparation.

Using the compound noun 準備不足 (junbi busoku) and ~てしまう (te shimau) for regret.

あの店はまだ準備中みたいです。

It looks like that shop is still in preparation (not open yet).

Using the suffix 中 (chū) and みたい (mitai) to express appearance or conjecture.

留学のために、色々な準備を進めています。

I am proceeding with various preparations in order to study abroad.

Using ~のために (no tame ni - for the purpose of) and the transitive verb 進める (susumeru).

資料の準備が整いましたら、ご連絡いたします。

I will contact you once the preparation of the documents is complete.

Using the formal verb 整う (totonou - to be arranged/ready) and humble keigo ご連絡いたします.

旅行の準備万端です！いつでも出発できます。

The trip preparations are perfect! We can leave anytime.

Using the idiomatic phrase 準備万端 (junbi bantan - fully prepared).

急な来客で、お茶の準備に慌てました。

I panicked trying to prepare tea due to a sudden visitor.

Using に慌てる (ni awateru) to express panicking or rushing over something.

来期のプロジェクトに向けて、綿密な準備に取り掛かっています。

We are beginning meticulous preparations for next term's project.

Using advanced vocabulary like 綿密な (menmitsu na - meticulous) and に取り掛かる (ni torikakaru - to begin/set about).

十分な準備期間が与えられなかったため、結果に影響が出た。

Because a sufficient preparation period was not provided, it affected the results.

Using the passive form 与えられなかった (atae rarenakatta) and formal written style.

彼は常に最悪の事態を想定して準備を怠らない。

He always assumes the worst-case scenario and never neglects his preparations.

Using the verb 怠る (okotaru - to neglect) in the negative form.

イベントを成功させるには、事前の準備が鍵を握っています。

Prior preparation holds the key to making the event a success.

Using the idiom 鍵を握る (kagi o nigiru - to hold the key) and 事前の (jizen no - prior).

予算の都合上、準備段階で計画を一部変更せざるを得なかった。

Due to budget constraints, we had no choice but to partially change the plan during the preparation stage.

Using the grammar ~ざるを得ない (zaru o enai - cannot help but / have no choice but to).

周到な準備の甲斐あって、交渉はスムーズに進んだ。

Thanks to the careful preparation, the negotiations proceeded smoothly.

Using 周到な (shūtō na - careful/thorough) and ~の甲斐あって (no kai atte - thanks to the effort of).

新製品の発表に向けて、各部署が連携して準備を進めている。

Various departments are coordinating to advance preparations for the new product announcement.

Using 連携して (renkei shite - coordinating/cooperating).

準備体操を疎かにすると、怪我の原因になります。

If you neglect your warm-up exercises, it will cause injuries.

Using 準備体操 (junbi taisō - warm-up) and 疎かにする (orosoka ni suru - to neglect/slight).

万全の準備を期して本番に臨む所存でございます。

I intend to face the actual event ensuring absolute preparation.

Highly formal business language using 万全の準備を期す (banzen no junbi o kisu) and 所存 (shozon).

水面下での入念な準備工作が、この合併劇を成功に導いた。

Careful preparatory maneuvering behind the scenes led this merger drama to success.

Using 準備工作 (junbi kōsaku - preparatory maneuvering) and 水面下 (suimenka - behind the scenes).

被告側は、次回の公判に向けて膨大な準備書面を提出した。

The defense submitted a massive preparatory brief for the next trial.

Legal terminology: 準備書面 (junbi shomen - preparatory brief).

いざという時に慌てないよう、平素からの準備が肝要である。

To avoid panicking in an emergency, preparation during normal times is essential.

Using formal written expressions like いざという時 (iza to iu toki - in an emergency) and 肝要 (kanyō - essential).

彼のスピーチは、準備の跡が全く見えないほど自然で流暢だった。

His speech was so natural and fluent that there was no trace of preparation visible.

Using 準備の跡 (junbi no ato - traces of preparation) to compliment natural delivery.

新体制への移行準備に忙殺され、他の業務に手が回らない状態だ。

I am so swamped with preparations for the transition to the new system that I cannot get around to other tasks.

Using 忙殺される (bōsatsu sareru - to be swamped/worked to death) and 手が回らない (te ga mawaranai).

着々と準備が整いつつある中で、予期せぬトラブルが発生した。

Just as preparations were steadily being completed, an unexpected trouble occurred.

Using 着々と (chakuchaku to - steadily) and ~つつある (tsutsu aru - in the process of).

根回しという日本特有の事前準備が、意思決定のスピードを左右する。

The uniquely Japanese prior preparation known as 'nemawashi' influences the speed of decision-making.

Discussing the cultural concept of 根回し (nemawashi) as a form of 事前準備 (jizen junbi).

長年の研鑽は、まさにこの一瞬のための準備であったと言っても過言ではない。

It is no exaggeration to say that years of diligent study were precisely a preparation for this single moment.

Literary and dramatic phrasing using 研鑽 (kensan - diligent study) and 過言ではない (kagon de wa nai).

制度の導入にあたり、周到極まる準備期間を設けたにもかかわらず、現場の混乱は避けられなかった。

Despite establishing an extremely thorough preparation period upon introducing the system, confusion on the ground was unavoidable.

Using 周到極まる (shūtō kiwamaru - extremely thorough) and ~にもかかわらず (despite).

彼の行動は常に泥縄式で、事前の準備という概念がすっぽりと抜け落ちている。

His actions are always last-minute; the concept of prior preparation is completely missing from him.

Using the idiom 泥縄式 (doronawa-shiki - last-minute/closing the stable door after the horse has bolted).

舞台裏での血の滲むような準備があってこそ、表舞台での華やかな成功が約束されるのだ。

It is only because of the blood-sweat-and-tears preparation behind the scenes that glamorous success on the main stage is guaranteed.

Using 血の滲むような (chi no nijimu yō na - blood-sweat-and-tears) and ~があってこそ (only because there is).

新法案の施行に向けた準備状況について、関係各省庁間で綿密なすり合わせが行われている。

Meticulous coordination is being conducted among relevant ministries and agencies regarding the state of preparations for the enforcement of the new bill.

Highly bureaucratic language: 施行 (shikō - enforcement), すり合わせ (suriawase - coordination/alignment).

準備に準備を重ねた結果、もはやいかなる不測の事態にも動じることはないという境地に達した。

As a result of piling preparation upon preparation, I have reached a state of mind where I will no longer be shaken by any unforeseen situation.

Using 準備に準備を重ねる (junbi ni junbi o kasaneru - to prepare over and over) and 境地 (kyōchi - state of mind).

歴史的偉業の陰には、名もなき人々の途方もない準備作業が隠されていることを忘れてはならない。

We must not forget that behind historical achievements lie the tremendous preparatory works of nameless individuals.

Using 途方もない (tohō mo nai - tremendous/extraordinary) and 陰には (kage ni wa - behind the scenes).

万機公論に決すべく、周密なる準備をもって会議に臨むのが為政者の務めである。

It is the duty of a statesman to face the assembly with meticulous preparation, so that all matters of state may be decided by public discussion.

Archaic/highly formal phrasing referencing the Charter Oath: 万機公論に決す (banki kōron ni kessu).

Synonyms

用意支度手配備え下準備

Antonyms

後片付け無計画

Common Collocations

準備をする

準備ができる

心の準備

準備中

準備万端

準備不足

準備期間

準備体操

準備を整える

準備に取り掛かる

Common Phrases

準備ができました

— The preparations are complete. This is the most common way to say 'I am ready' or 'It is ready'.

先生、準備ができました。 (Teacher, I am ready.)

準備をお願いします

— Please make the preparations. A polite request used in business or formal situations.

明日の資料の準備をお願いします。 (Please prepare the documents for tomorrow.)

何の準備ですか

— What is this preparation for? Used to ask about the purpose of someone's actions.

それは何の準備ですか。 (What are you preparing for?)

準備はいいですか

— Are you ready? A common question to check if someone is prepared before starting an activity.

皆さん、準備はいいですか。 (Is everyone ready?)

準備を進める

— To proceed with preparations. Used to describe ongoing efforts to get ready for a future event.

プロジェクトの準備を進めています。 (We are proceeding with the project preparations.)

準備に時間がかかる

— Preparations take time. Used to explain that getting ready is a lengthy process.

結婚式の準備に時間がかかります。 (Wedding preparations take time.)

準備を怠る

— To neglect preparations. A negative phrase indicating a failure to get ready properly.

準備を怠ると失敗します。 (If you neglect preparation, you will fail.)

準備を急ぐ

— To hurry the preparations. Used when time is short and things need to be ready quickly.

開店の準備を急ぎましょう。 (Let's hurry the preparations for opening the store.)

準備が整う

— Preparations are fully arranged/finalized. A more formal version of 準備ができる.

すべての準備が整いました。 (All preparations have been finalized.)

準備に追われる

— To be swamped/pressed by preparations. Used when one is extremely busy getting ready for something.

文化祭の準備に追われています。 (I am swamped with preparations for the cultural festival.)

Often Confused With

準備 vs 用意 (yōi)

用意 is for immediate, physical readiness (e.g., setting the table). 準備 is for broader, longer-term planning and gathering.

準備 vs 支度 (shitaku)

支度 is specifically for personal preparation, like getting dressed or cooking a meal. 準備 is more general.

準備 vs 予習 (yoshū)

予習 specifically means studying in advance for a class. 準備 is general preparation.

Idioms & Expressions

"準備万端 (じゅんびばんたん)"

— Fully prepared; everything is completely ready. It implies a state of perfect readiness without any flaws.

準備万端整えて、出発の日を待つ。 (With everything fully prepared, we wait for the day of departure.)

neutral

"心の準備 (こころのじゅんび)"

— Mental preparation; bracing oneself emotionally for an event, often something surprising, difficult, or significant.

結果を聞くための心の準備ができていない。 (I am not mentally prepared to hear the results.)

neutral

"根回し (ねまわし)"

— Laying the groundwork; informal prior consultation. While not containing the word 'junbi', it is the ultimate Japanese idiom for business preparation.

会議の前にしっかり根回しをしておく。 (Do thorough groundwork before the meeting.)

business

"備えあれば憂いなし (そなえあればうれいなし)"

— Well prepared means no worries. A famous proverb emphasizing the importance of preparation to avoid future anxiety.

備えあれば憂いなしと言うから、防災グッズを買っておこう。 (They say 'well prepared means no worries', so let's buy disaster prevention goods.)

formal

"段取り八分 (だんどりはちぶ)"

— Preparation is 80% of the work. An idiom meaning that if the preparation is done well, the job is already mostly complete.

仕事は段取り八分だ、しっかり計画を立てよう。 (Work is 80% preparation; let's plan thoroughly.)

business

"転ばぬ先の杖 (ころばぬさきのつえ)"

— A walking stick before falling. A proverb meaning to take precautions or prepare before a problem occurs.

転ばぬ先の杖として、保険に入っておく。 (I will buy insurance as a precaution before anything happens.)

formal

"泥縄 (どろなわ)"

— Making a rope after catching a thief. An idiom describing last-minute, panicked preparation that is too late.

試験前日の泥縄式の勉強では合格できない。 (You cannot pass with last-minute, 'making a rope after catching a thief' style studying the day before the exam.)

informal

"手回しがいい (てまわしがいい)"

— To be well-prepared; to have made arrangements in advance efficiently.

君はいつも手回しがいいね、もうホテルを予約したのか。 (You are always so well-prepared; have you already booked the hotel?)

neutral

"下準備 (したじゅんび)"

— Preliminary preparation; the groundwork done before the main preparation begins. Often used in cooking or projects.

料理の下準備をしておく。 (I will do the preliminary prep for the cooking.)

neutral

"お膳立て (おぜんだて)"

— Setting the table; making all the necessary arrangements so that someone else only has to perform the final action.

彼が成功するように、周りがすっかりお膳立てをした。 (The people around him made all the arrangements so that he would succeed.)

neutral

Easily Confused

準備 vs 用意 (yōi)

Both translate to 'preparation' or 'getting ready'.

準備 involves a process, planning, and gathering materials over time. 用意 involves having the necessary items physically present and ready for immediate use.

会議の準備 (booking the room, making slides) vs. お茶の用意 (putting cups on the table).

準備 vs 支度 (shitaku)

Both mean 'getting ready'.

支度 is almost exclusively used for personal grooming, dressing, or preparing meals at home. 準備 can be used for business, events, and abstract concepts.

出かける支度 (putting on shoes and coat) vs. 出張の準備 (booking flights and packing).

準備 vs 手配 (tehai)

Both involve making arrangements.

手配 specifically refers to logistical arrangements involving third parties, like booking, reserving, or ordering. 準備 is the overall act of getting ready.

タクシーの手配 (calling a taxi) vs. 旅行の準備 (the whole process of getting ready for the trip).

準備 vs 備え (sonae)

Both share the kanji 備 and relate to readiness.

備え implies long-term provision or defense against future hardships or disasters. 準備 is for specific, scheduled upcoming events.

老後の備え (provision for old age) vs. 明日の会議の準備 (prep for tomorrow's meeting).

準備 vs 覚悟 (kakugo)

Both can translate to 'being prepared' in English.

覚悟 is strictly mental and emotional readiness for a severe, difficult, or fatal outcome. 準備 is usually practical or logistical.

死ぬ覚悟 (preparedness to die) vs. 心の準備 (mental preparation for news).

Sentence Patterns

[Noun] のじゅんびをします。

テストのじゅんびをします。

じゅんびができました。

[Verb-te] から、じゅんびします。

食べてから、じゅんびします。

[Noun] のじゅんびでいそがしいです。

パーティーのじゅんびでいそがしいです。

[Noun] のために準備をしています。

留学のために準備をしています。

準備不足で [Negative Result] しまいました。

準備不足で失敗してしまいました。

[Event] に向けて、準備を進めている。

大会に向けて、準備を進めている。

万全の準備を期して、[Action] に臨む。

万全の準備を期して、試験に臨む。

Word Family

Nouns

準備 (junbi - preparation)

準備金 (junbikin - reserve fund)

準備室 (junbishitsu - preparation room)

下準備 (shitajunbi - preliminary preparation)

Verbs

準備する (junbi suru - to prepare)

Adjectives

準備不足の (junbi busoku no - underprepared)

基準 (kijun - standard)

水準 (suijun - level/standard)

設備 (setsubi - equipment/facilities)

予備 (yobi - spare/reserve)

完備 (kanbi - fully equipped)

How to Use It

frequency

Extremely High. It is one of the most common nouns used in daily life and business.

Common Mistakes

準備を作ります。 → 準備をします。
In English, we 'make' preparations. In Japanese, 準備 is an action noun, so it takes the verb する (to do), not 作る (to make physically).
準備をできました。 → 準備ができました。
The verb できる (to be completed/able) is intransitive and takes the subject particle が, not the object particle を. The preparations (subject) are complete.
走る準備、ドン！ → 位置について、用意、ドン！
For immediate, split-second physical readiness like starting a race, the word 用意 (yōi) is used, not the long-term planning word 準備.
明日の授業の準備をします。(Meaning: I will study the textbook in advance) → 明日の授業の予習をします。
While 準備 can mean getting your bag ready, studying material in advance for a class specifically requires the word 予習 (yoshū).
出かける準備が着ます。 → 出かける支度をします。
Learners sometimes confuse 'getting ready' (putting on clothes) with the verb 着る (to wear). For personal grooming and dressing, use 支度 (shitaku) or 準備をする.

Tips

The Magic of 'Suru'

Remember that 準備 is a noun. To turn it into the action of preparing, simply add する (suru). Conjugate 'suru' to change the tense: します (will do), しました (did), しています (am doing).

The 'Ga Dekiru' Pattern

When you want to announce that you are ready, don't try to translate 'I am ready' literally. Use the set phrase 準備ができました (junbi ga dekimashita - preparations are complete).

Read the Signs

When walking around Japan, look at the wooden signs hanging on restaurant doors. If it says 準備中, don't go in! They are prepping. Wait until it flips to 営業中 (Open).

Business Essential

In Japanese business, showing up without 準備 is a major faux pas. Always emphasize your preparation by saying 事前に準備しました (I prepared in advance) to build trust.

Mental vs Physical

Use 心の準備 (kokoro no junbi) when you need to mentally brace yourself. It shows emotional intelligence and is a very natural-sounding phrase for advanced learners.

Don't 'Make' It

English speakers love to 'make' preparations. In Japanese, never say 準備を作る. Always use 準備をする. This is a dead giveaway of translated thinking.

Connecting Nouns

Always use the particle の (no) to link what you are preparing for. [Event] + の + 準備. Example: パーティーの準備 (Party preparation).

Expressing Lack of Prep

Instead of saying 'I didn't prepare much', use the compound noun 準備不足 (junbi busoku - lack of preparation). It sounds much more professional when explaining a failure.

Yoi vs Junbi

If you are setting the table right before dinner, that's 用意 (yoi). If you spent three hours cooking and planning the menu, that's 準備 (junbi).

The 'M' Sound

Even though it's spelled 'junbi' in romaji, pronounce the 'n' as an 'm' (jumbi) because your lips need to close for the following 'b' sound. It makes you sound much more native.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Imagine a general named JUNE (jun) telling a BEE (bi) to get ready for battle. JUNE the BEE is doing her preparation!

Visual Association

Visualize a checklist with a large checkmark. Next to it, picture a person packing a suitcase and looking at their watch. The mental image of checking items off a list perfectly encapsulates the process of 'junbi'.

Word Web

準備 (Preparation) -> 旅行 (Trip) -> 会議 (Meeting) -> テスト (Test) -> 準備する (To prepare) -> 準備ができる (Ready) -> 用意 (Immediate prep) -> 支度 (Personal prep)

Challenge

Next time you are packing your bag or getting dressed in the morning, say out loud: '今、準備をしています' (Ima, junbi o shite imasu - I am preparing now).

Word Origin

The word 準備 (junbi) is a Sino-Japanese word (kango) composed of two kanji. The first kanji, 準 (jun), originally depicted a water level used for measuring, evolving to mean 'standard', 'to conform to', or 'to level'. The second kanji, 備 (bi), depicts a person and a quiver of arrows, symbolizing being fully equipped or ready for action. Together, they form the concept of equipping oneself to meet a certain standard or requirement.

Original meaning: To equip oneself or arrange things to conform to a necessary standard before an event.

Sino-Japanese (Kango)

Cultural Context

There are no specific cultural sensitivities or offensive connotations associated with the word 準備. It is a safe, neutral, and highly encouraged concept in all social situations.

In English-speaking cultures, 'winging it' or improvising can sometimes be seen as a sign of confidence or natural talent. In Japan, improvising due to a lack of preparation is almost universally viewed negatively.

段取り八分 (Dandori hachibu) - A famous business proverb meaning preparation is 80% of the work. 備えあれば憂いなし (Sonae areba urei nashi) - A classic proverb from the Chinese text 'Shujing', widely used in Japan to promote disaster readiness. The Boy Scouts motto 'Be Prepared' is translated into Japanese as 'そなえよつねに' (Sonae yo tsune ni), utilizing a related concept.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Travel

旅行の準備 (trip prep)
荷造りの準備 (packing prep)
パスポートの準備 (passport prep)
出発の準備 (departure prep)

Business

会議の準備 (meeting prep)
資料の準備 (document prep)
プレゼンの準備 (presentation prep)
事前の準備 (prior prep)

Daily Life

食事の準備 (meal prep)
出かける準備 (prep to go out)
明日の準備 (prep for tomorrow)
お風呂の準備 (bath prep)

Events

パーティーの準備 (party prep)
結婚式の準備 (wedding prep)
イベントの準備 (event prep)
会場の準備 (venue prep)

Emergencies

防災の準備 (disaster prep)
避難の準備 (evacuation prep)
心の準備 (mental prep)
万全の準備 (perfect prep)

Conversation Starters

"明日の旅行の準備はもう終わりましたか？ (Have you finished preparing for tomorrow's trip yet?)"

"パーティーの準備を手伝いましょうか？ (Shall I help with the party preparations?)"

"何か会議の準備で必要なものはありますか？ (Is there anything you need for the meeting preparations?)"

"心の準備ができていないんですが、どうしたらいいですか。 (I'm not mentally prepared, what should I do?)"

"いつも出かける準備にどのくらい時間がかかりますか？ (How long does it usually take you to get ready to go out?)"

Journal Prompts

Describe a time when your lack of preparation (準備不足) led to a mistake. What did you learn?

Write about your daily routine for getting ready (明日の準備) for work or school.

If you had to prepare for a major earthquake (防災準備), what items would you gather?

Explain the difference between physical preparation and mental preparation (心の準備) using examples from your life.

Describe the preparations required to host a dinner party for your friends.

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

No, this is a common mistake. In Japanese, you do not 'make' preparations using the verb 作る (tsukuru - to physically create). You 'do' preparations. The correct phrase is 準備をする (junbi o suru).

These are opposites often seen on store signs. 準備中 (junbichū) means 'in preparation' and indicates the store is currently closed to customers while staff get ready. 営業中 (eigyōchū) means 'open for business'.

The most natural way to say this is まだ準備ができていません (mada junbi ga dekite imasen). This literally translates to 'preparations are not yet completed'.

If you are talking about organizing your desk or getting your textbooks out, you can use 準備. However, if you mean studying the material in advance of a lesson, the specific word is 予習 (yoshū). For studying for a test, you can say テストの準備 (tesuto no junbi) or テスト勉強 (tesuto benkyō).

Yes, absolutely. The phrase 心の準備 (kokoro no junbi) is widely used to mean 'mental preparation'. You use it when you need a moment to brace yourself for surprising news or a big event.

It depends on the verb. If you are doing the preparation, use を (o): 準備をする. If the preparation is completed (a state), use が (ga): 準備ができる. If you are talking about the time it takes, use に (ni): 準備に時間がかかる.

Use the particle の (no) to connect the noun to 準備. For example, 'preparation for a trip' is 旅行の準備 (ryokō no junbi). 'Preparation for a meeting' is 会議の準備 (kaigi no junbi).

準備 is a neutral word that can be used in both highly formal business situations and casual conversations with friends. The formality changes based on the verb attached to it (e.g., 準備する vs. 準備いたします).

準備万端 (junbi bantan) is an idiomatic expression that means 'fully prepared' or 'everything is completely ready'. It is used when you are confident that no detail has been overlooked.

No, 準備 is a noun (specifically a verbal noun). To use it as an action, it must be combined with する (suru) or a related verb like 進める (susumeru - to advance).