体力 in 30 Seconds
- Physical strength and stamina.
- Your body's energy for activities.
- Used for sports, work, and health.
- Essential for enduring effort.
The Japanese word 体力 (tairyoku) is a noun that directly translates to 'physical strength' or 'stamina.' It refers to the capacity of the body to exert itself and endure physical activity. Think of it as your body's energy reserves and its ability to keep going without getting tired too quickly. People use 体力 in a wide range of situations, from discussing athletic performance to talking about the general health and energy levels of individuals. It's a fundamental concept when considering one's well-being and ability to participate in various activities.
- Usage Context
- When talking about sports, exercise, or any activity that requires physical exertion.
- When discussing health, recovery from illness, or aging.
- When comparing the physical capabilities of different people or groups.
- In discussions about work that involves manual labor or demanding physical tasks.
This marathon runner has amazing 体力.
After the surgery, my 体力 decreased a lot.
Using 体力 (tairyoku) in sentences is quite straightforward. It functions as a noun, so it can be the subject, object, or part of a phrase. You'll often see it used with verbs like 'have' (ある - aru) or 'lack' (ない - nai), or in comparative sentences. It can also be modified by adjectives to describe the level of physical strength, such as 'good' (良い - yoi) or 'poor' (低い - hikui).
- Basic Sentence Structures
- Subject + は (wa) + 体力 (tairyoku) + が (ga) + ある (aru) / ない (nai) - Expressing possession or lack of stamina.
- Subject + は (wa) + 体力 (tairyoku) + が (ga) + Adjective + です (desu) - Describing the level of stamina.
- Verb Phrase + ためには (tame ni wa) + 体力 (tairyoku) + が (ga) + 必要です (hitsuyou desu) - Stating the need for stamina to do something.
This work requires a lot of 体力.
I don't have enough 体力 to climb that mountain.
Building up your 体力 takes time and consistent exercise.
You'll encounter 体力 (tairyoku) in many everyday Japanese conversations and media. It's a common word used across different demographics and contexts. For instance, in sports commentary, you might hear about an athlete's 体力 being a key factor in their performance. In health-related discussions, doctors might advise patients on how to regain their 体力 after an illness. When people talk about their hobbies, like hiking or long-distance running, they often mention their 体力. Even in casual conversations about daily life, someone might say they are tired because their 体力 is low today. It's also frequently used in advertising for health supplements, sports drinks, or fitness programs, emphasizing the benefit of improved 体力. Anime and manga might feature characters who possess exceptional 体力 to overcome challenges. News reports on strenuous jobs or disaster relief efforts might also touch upon the 体力 required.
- Common Scenarios
- A friend complaining about being tired after a long day at work: 「今日は 体力 がなくて、早く寝たい。」(Kyou wa tairyoku ga nakute, hayaku netai. - Today I have no stamina, I want to sleep early.)
- A doctor advising a patient: 「運動をして 体力 をつけましょう。」(Undou o shite tairyoku o tsukemashou. - Let's exercise and build up your stamina.)
- Someone discussing a challenging hike: 「あの山は 体力 がいるから、準備が必要だよ。」(Ano yama wa tairyoku ga iru kara, junbi ga hitsuyou da yo. - That mountain requires stamina, so preparation is necessary.)
The athlete's 体力 allowed them to finish the race strongly.
After a long illness, her 体力 was very low.
Learners of Japanese might sometimes misuse or misunderstand 体力 (tairyoku). One common pitfall is confusing it with general 'energy' (元気 - genki) or 'health' (健康 - kenkou). While related, 体力 specifically refers to physical endurance and strength. For example, saying you lack 体力 after staying up late studying is less accurate than saying you lack energy or are tired. 体力 is about your body's capacity for prolonged physical activity.
Another mistake can be in the grammatical construction. For instance, incorrectly using particles or verb conjugations when linking 体力 to other parts of the sentence. Always remember that 体力 is a noun, and it's often followed by the particle が (ga) when describing its presence or absence (e.g., 体力 がある - has stamina).
- Common Errors
- Confusing 体力 with general 'energy' (元気 - genki). 体力 is about physical endurance, not just feeling lively.
- Using 体力 to describe mental fatigue. While mental and physical fatigue can be linked, 体力 primarily refers to the physical aspect.
- Incorrect particle usage, such as using を (o) instead of が (ga) when indicating the presence or absence of 体力.
Incorrect: I lack the 体力 to study more tonight. (This implies physical exhaustion, not just mental fatigue.)
Correct: I lack the 体力 to run a marathon.
体力 (tairyoku) is quite specific, but there are related words that might be used in similar contexts, though with different nuances. The most common related term is 元気 (genki), which means 'energy,' 'health,' or 'liveliness.' While someone with good 体力 is likely to be 元気, 元気 is a broader term that can also refer to mental state or general well-being, not just physical endurance.
Another term is 健康 (kenkou), meaning 'health.' Good 体力 contributes to good 健康, but 健康 encompasses a wider range of well-being, including the absence of disease. You can have good 健康 but still lack the 体力 for a marathon, for example.
For very specific contexts, you might hear 持久力 (jikyuryoku), which means 'endurance' or 'stamina' in a more specialized sense, often used for prolonged effort in sports or tasks. While 体力 is more general physical strength, 持久力 focuses on the ability to sustain effort over time. In casual speech, people might simply say they are 'tired' (疲れた - tsukareta) or 'have no energy' (元気がない - genki ga nai), which conveys a similar sentiment but lacks the specific meaning of physical capacity.
- Comparison Table
- 体力 (tairyoku): Physical strength, stamina. General capacity for physical exertion.
- 元気 (genki): Energy, liveliness, health. Broader, can be mental or physical.
- 健康 (kenkou): Health. Overall state of well-being, absence of illness.
- 持久力 (jikyuryoku): Endurance, stamina for prolonged effort. More specific than 体力.
He has good 体力 for sports.
She is feeling 元気 today.
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
The kanji 力 (chikara) itself is a pictograph that originally depicted a bent arm muscle, symbolizing strength. The combination with 体 (body) creates a very direct and easily understandable term for physical capacity.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing 'ryo' too strongly or as a separate syllable.
- Not clearly enunciating the final 'u' sound.
- Confusing the 'r' sound with an 'l' sound.
Difficulty Rating
The kanji 体 and 力 are relatively common. The word itself is straightforward in meaning and usage, making it accessible for early learners.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Using があります/ありません to indicate possession/lack of abstract nouns.
私には体力があります。(I have stamina.)
Using ～が必要 (hitsuyou) to express necessity.
この仕事は体力が必要です。(This job requires stamina.)
Using ～たい to express desire.
体力をつけたいです。(I want to gain stamina.)
Using ～てしまう to indicate completion or regret.
体力がなくなってしまい、座り込んだ。(My stamina ran out, and I ended up sitting down.)
Using ～ために to express purpose.
体力をつけるために運動しています。(I am exercising in order to gain stamina.)
Examples by Level
私の体力はあまりありません。
My physical strength is not much.
体力 is the noun. Use がありません to express lack of something.
この仕事は体力が必要です。
This job requires physical strength.
体力 is the noun. Use が必要です to express need.
もっと体力をつけたいです。
I want to build more physical strength.
体力 is the noun. つけたい is the 'want to attach/gain' form of つける (tsukeru).
彼は体力がありますね。
He has good stamina, doesn't he?
体力 is the noun. Use があります to express possession.
この運動は体力が少ないひとには難しいです。
This exercise is difficult for people with little stamina.
体力 is the noun. 少ない (sukunai) means 'little' or 'few'.
最近、体力が落ちてきました。
Recently, my physical strength has been declining.
体力 is the noun. 落ちてきました (ochite kimashita) means 'has fallen' or 'has declined'.
旅行には体力が必要です。
Stamina is necessary for traveling.
体力 is the noun. 必要です (hitsuyou desu) means 'is necessary'.
もっと体力をつけるために毎日走っています。
I run every day to build more stamina.
体力 is the noun. つける means 'to gain' or 'to build'.
長距離走には相当な体力が必要だ。
Long-distance running requires considerable stamina.
体力 is used with 相当な (considerable) to emphasize the amount needed.
この仕事は体力も精神力も使う。
This job uses both physical strength and mental strength.
体力 is paired with 精神力 (mental strength) to show a contrast or combination.
病気の後、体力が完全には戻っていない。
After the illness, my stamina has not fully returned.
体力 is the subject, and 完全には戻っていない (kanzen ni wa modotte inai) means 'has not fully returned'.
体力がある方なので、重い荷物を運ぶのは苦にならない。
Since I have good stamina, carrying heavy luggage is not a hardship.
体力 がある方 means 'tend to have stamina' or 'am on the side of having stamina'.
子供は体力があるから、一日中遊んでいても元気だ。
Children have a lot of stamina, so they are energetic even playing all day.
体力 is described as being abundant in children.
体力づくりにはバランスの取れた食事も大切だ。
A balanced diet is also important for building stamina.
体力づくり (tairyoku-zukuri) means 'building stamina'.
激しい運動は体力を消耗する。
Intense exercise consumes stamina.
体力 is the direct object of 消耗する (shou-mou suru - to consume/deplete).
体力が低下すると、風邪を引きやすくなる。
When stamina decreases, you become more susceptible to colds.
体力 is the subject of 低下する (teika suru - to decrease/decline).
この登山ルートは初心者には体力が要求される。
This mountain climbing route demands stamina from beginners.
体力 is the object of 要求される (youkyuu sareru - to be demanded/required).
長期間の過酷な労働は体力を著しく消耗させる。
Long-term harsh labor significantly depletes stamina.
体力 is the object of 著しく消耗させる (ichijirushiku shou-mou saseru - to significantly deplete).
体力の維持には規則的な運動と十分な休養が不可欠だ。
Regular exercise and sufficient rest are indispensable for maintaining stamina.
体力 の維持 (tairyoku no iji) means 'maintenance of stamina'.
彼女は驚異的な体力を持ち、数日間も眠らずに働き続けた。
She possessed astonishing stamina and continued to work for several days without sleep.
体力 is described as 驚異的な (astonishing).
体力が衰えると、感染症への抵抗力も低下する。
As stamina declines, resistance to infectious diseases also decreases.
体力 decline is linked to reduced 抵抗力 (resistance).
現代人は、運動不足により体力が低下している傾向にある。
Modern people tend to have declining stamina due to lack of exercise.
体力 is the subject of 低下している傾向にある (teika shite iru keikou ni aru - tend to be declining).
体力を維持することは、健康で活動的な生活を送るための基本である。
Maintaining stamina is fundamental for living a healthy and active life.
体力 is the object of 維持する (iji suru - to maintain).
彼女は体調を崩して体力がなくなり、一時的に仕事を休む必要があった。
She lost her stamina due to feeling unwell and needed to take temporary leave from work.
体力 がなくなった (tairyoku ga nakunatta) means 'lost stamina'.
過剰なトレーニングは逆に体力を低下させ、免疫機能を弱める可能性がある。
Excessive training can conversely lower stamina and potentially weaken immune function.
体力 is the object of 低下させ (teika sase - cause to decline).
高齢化に伴い、国民の平均的な体力レベルの維持が課題となっている。
With the aging population, maintaining the average stamina level of the nation is becoming a challenge.
体力 is discussed in the context of national averages and challenges.
極限の状況下で発揮される人間の体力は、想像を絶するものがある。
The human stamina exhibited under extreme circumstances is beyond imagination.
体力 is described as being exhibited under 極限の状況下 (extreme circumstances).
効果的な体力トレーニングは、個々人の身体的な特性に合わせて設計されるべきである。
Effective stamina training should be designed according to each individual's physical characteristics.
体力 training is linked to 個々人の身体的な特性 (individual physical characteristics).
体力の低下は、生活習慣病の発症リスクを高める。
A decline in stamina increases the risk of developing lifestyle-related diseases.
体力 is linked to 生活習慣病 (lifestyle-related diseases).
長期間にわたるストレスは、精神的だけでなく身体的な体力にも影響を与える。
Long-term stress affects not only mental but also physical stamina.
体力 is affected by stress.
アスリートにとって、最高のパフォーマンスを発揮するには十分な体力が不可欠である。
Sufficient stamina is indispensable for athletes to perform at their peak.
体力 is essential for peak performance.
現代社会では、肉体的な体力よりも知的な体力が重視される傾向がある。
In modern society, there is a tendency to prioritize intellectual stamina over physical stamina.
The sentence contrasts 肉体的な体力 (physical stamina) with 知的な体力 (intellectual stamina).
過酷な環境下での生存には、肉体的な体力だけでなく、精神的な強靭さも不可欠である。
Survival in harsh environments requires not only physical stamina but also mental fortitude.
The sentence uses 体力 alongside 精神的な強靭さ (mental fortitude).
現代社会における情報の洪水に対抗するには、知的な体力、すなわち情報を処理し分析する能力が重要となる。
To cope with the flood of information in modern society, intellectual stamina, that is, the ability to process and analyze information, becomes important.
This sentence introduces 知的な体力 (intellectual stamina) as a metaphor for cognitive processing ability.
持続可能な発展のためには、経済的、社会的、環境的な体力の均衡が求められる。
For sustainable development, a balance of economic, social, and environmental stamina is required.
体力 is used metaphorically for societal and economic resilience.
芸術家は、創造的な体力を維持するために、絶えず刺激を求め、自己を探求し続ける。
Artists continuously seek stimulation and pursue self-discovery to maintain their creative stamina.
体力 is used to describe creative endurance and capacity.
個々人の体力の差異は、遺伝的要因、生活スタイル、環境など多岐にわたる要因によって決定される。
Individual differences in stamina are determined by a wide range of factors, including genetic predispositions, lifestyle, and environment.
The sentence discusses the multifaceted nature of 体力 variation.
社会全体として直面する課題に対抗するには、組織的な体力、すなわち集団としての対応・適応する能力が不可欠である。
To confront the challenges facing society as a whole, organizational stamina, that is, the collective ability to respond and adapt, is essential.
体力 is used metaphorically for organizational resilience and adaptability.
最新の科学技術は、人間の身体的な限界を克服し、体力を拡張する可能性を秘めている。
The latest scientific technology holds the potential to overcome human physical limitations and extend stamina.
体力 is discussed in the context of technological augmentation.
教育システムは、次世代が変化の激しい社会で成功するために必要な知的・感情的・社会的な体力を育む必要がある。
The education system needs to foster the intellectual, emotional, and social stamina required for the next generation to succeed in a rapidly changing society.
体力 is used to encompass intellectual, emotional, and social resilience.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— To lack physical strength or stamina.
体力がないので、すぐに疲れてしまいます。(Tairyoku ga nai node, sugu ni tsukarete shimaimasu. - I get tired easily because I lack stamina.)
— To have good physical strength or stamina.
彼は体力があるから、重い荷物も楽に運べる。(Kare wa tairyoku ga aru kara, omoi nimotsu mo raku ni hakoberu. - Because he has good stamina, he can carry heavy luggage easily.)
— Building physical strength or stamina.
健康のために体力づくりを始めました。(Kenkou no tame ni tairyoku-zukuri o hajimemashita. - I started building stamina for my health.)
— To gain or improve physical strength/stamina.
もっと体力をつけたいので、毎日運動しています。(Motto tairyoku o tsuketai node, mainichi undou shite imasu. - I want to gain more stamina, so I exercise every day.)
— To expend or deplete physical strength/stamina.
長時間の会議は体力を消耗します。(Choujikan no kaigi wa tairyoku o shou-mou shimasu. - Long meetings deplete stamina.)
— A decline in physical strength/stamina.
最近、体力低下を感じています。(Saikin, tairyoku teika o kanjite imasu. - Recently, I've been feeling a decline in my stamina.)
— The limit of one's physical strength/stamina.
もう体力の限界です。(Mou tairyoku no genkai desu. - I've reached my physical limit.)
— A contest or situation where physical strength/stamina is the deciding factor.
この仕事は体力勝負だ。(Kono shigoto wa tairyoku shoubu da. - This job is a test of physical strength.)
— A person who lacks physical strength/stamina.
体力がない人にはきつい仕事です。(Tairyoku ga nai hito ni wa kitsui shigoto desu. - It's a tough job for people who lack stamina.)
— A person who has good physical strength/stamina.
体力がある人は、長距離を走っても疲れない。(Tairyoku ga aru hito wa, choukyori o hashite mo tsukarenai. - People with good stamina don't get tired even when running long distances.)
Often Confused With
元気 is a broader term for 'energy' or 'liveliness' that can refer to both physical and mental states. 体力 specifically refers to physical strength and endurance for activities.
健康 means 'health,' which is the overall state of well-being. Good 体力 contributes to good 健康, but 体力 is about the capacity for physical exertion, not just the absence of illness.
気力 refers to mental strength, willpower, or spirit, distinct from physical strength (体力).
Idioms & Expressions
— A competition or task where physical strength and endurance are the primary factors for success.
This job is a real 体力勝負 (tairyoku shoubu).
General— The absolute limit of one's physical capacity; pushing oneself to the brink of exhaustion.
After hiking for 10 hours, he reached his 体力の限界 (tairyoku no genkai).
General— To be physically weak or lacking stamina; to get tired easily.
I can't join the marathon because I 体力がない (tairyoku ga nai).
General— To build up one's physical strength or stamina.
He is exercising regularly to 体力をつける (tairyoku o tsukeru).
General— To win a contest or overcome a challenge through superior physical strength or endurance.
The team 体力勝負に勝った (tairyoku shoubu ni katta) and won the championship.
General— Physical strength and mental fortitude; often used together to describe overall resilience.
To overcome this hardship, you need both 体力と気力 (tairyoku to kiryoku).
General— To conserve one's physical strength or stamina for later use.
In the early stages of the race, runners try to 体力を温存する (tairyoku o onzon suru).
General— To completely exhaust one's physical strength or stamina.
After the intense training, he felt like he had 体力を使い果たした (tairyoku o tsukai hatashita).
General— To push oneself beyond one's physical limits despite lacking stamina.
Even though he 体力がないのに無理をする (tairyoku ga nai noni muri o suru), he still tries his best.
General— Physical strength and mental resilience; a common pairing to describe overall robustness.
The expedition required immense 体力と精神力 (tairyoku to seishinryoku).
GeneralEasily Confused
Both relate to a person's well-being and ability to function. Genki can imply having energy, which is related to stamina.
元気 is a general term for 'lively,' 'energetic,' or 'healthy,' covering both physical and mental states. 体力 specifically refers to the body's capacity for sustained physical exertion and endurance. You can be 元気 but still lack the 体力 for a marathon.
彼は<ruby>元気<rp>(</rp><rt>げんき</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>だけど、<ruby>体力<rp>(</rp><rt>たいりょく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>があまりない。(He's energetic, but doesn't have much stamina.)
Good physical strength (体力) is a component of good health (健康).
健康 means 'health,' referring to the overall state of being free from illness or injury. 体力 refers to the body's capacity for physical activity and endurance. One can have good 健康 but still lack the specific 体力 for strenuous activities like long-distance running.
<ruby>健康<rp>(</rp><rt>けんこう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>のために<ruby>運動<rp>(</rp><rt>うんどう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>するが、<ruby>マラソン<rp>(</rp><rt>まらそん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>するには<ruby>体力<rp>(</rp><rt>たいりょく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>が<ruby>必要<rp>(</rp><rt>ひつよう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>だ。(I exercise for my health, but stamina is needed for marathons.)
Both refer to the ability to continue for a long time.
体力 (tairyoku) is a more general term for physical strength and stamina, encompassing overall bodily capacity for exertion. 持久力 (jikyuryoku) specifically refers to endurance, the ability to sustain effort over a prolonged period, often in a more specialized context like athletics. You need 体力 to have 持久力, but 体力 can also refer to the power for shorter bursts of activity.
<ruby>長距離走<rp>(</rp><rt>ちょうきょりそう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>には<ruby>体力<rp>(</rp><rt>たいりょく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>と<ruby>持久力<rp>(</rp><rt>じきゅうりょく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の<ruby>両方<rp>(</rp><rt>りょうほう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>が<ruby>必要<rp>(</rp><rt>ひつよう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>だ。(Both stamina and endurance are needed for long-distance running.)
Both relate to a person's ability to keep going.
体力 refers to physical strength and stamina. 気力 refers to mental strength, willpower, or spirit. While they are often related (strong physical body can support mental resolve, and vice versa), they are distinct concepts. You might have great 体力 but lack the 気力 to face a challenge, or vice versa.
<ruby>体力<rp>(</rp><rt>たいりょく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>は<ruby>ある<rp>(</rp><rt>ある</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>が、<ruby>気力<rp>(</rp><rt>きりょく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>が<ruby>続<rp>(</rp><rt>つづ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>かない。(I have physical strength, but my willpower doesn't last.)
It's a direct loanword for stamina.
スタミナ is a loanword from English 'stamina' and is often used interchangeably with 体力, especially in casual contexts like sports or gaming. 体力 is the native Japanese term and is generally more versatile and formal.
この<ruby>ゲーム<rp>(</rp><rt>げーむ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>は<ruby>体力<rp>(</rp><rt>たいりょく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>（<ruby>スタミナ<rp>(</rp><rt>すたみな</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>）が<ruby>重要<rp>(</rp><rt>じゅうよう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>だ。(Stamina is important in this game.)
Sentence Patterns
Subject + は + 体力 + が + ある / ない
私<rp>(</rp><rt>わたし</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>は<ruby>体力<rp>(</rp><rt>たいりょく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>が<ruby>ありません<rp>(</rp><rt>ありません</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>。(I don't have stamina.)
Noun + は + 体力 + が + 必要です
この<ruby>仕事<rp>(</rp><rt>しごと</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>は<ruby>体力<rp>(</rp><rt>たいりょく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>が<ruby>必要<rp>(</rp><rt>ひつよう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>です。(This job requires stamina.)
Verb-stem + たい + (ので/から) + 体力 + が + 必要だ
<ruby>旅行<rp>(</rp><rt>りょこう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>したい<ruby>ので<rp>(</rp><rt>ので</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>、<ruby>体力<rp>(</rp><rt>たいりょく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>を<ruby>つけたい<rp>(</rp><rt>つけたい</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>。(I want to travel, so I want to build stamina.)
Noun + を + 体力 + が + 消耗する
激しい<ruby>運動<rp>(</rp><rt>うんどう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>は<ruby>体力<rp>(</rp><rt>たいりょく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>を<ruby>消耗<rp>(</rp><rt>しょうもう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>します。(Intense exercise consumes stamina.)
Noun + は + 体力 + が + 低下する
<ruby>年<rp>(</rp><rt>とし</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>を<ruby>取<rp>(</rp><rt>と</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>ると<ruby>体力<rp>(</rp><rt>たいりょく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>が<ruby>低下<rp>(</rp><rt>ていか</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>する。(As you age, stamina declines.)
Noun + は + 体力 + で + 勝負する
<ruby>彼<rp>(</rp><rt>かれ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>らは<ruby>体力<rp>(</rp><rt>たいりょく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>で<ruby>勝負<rp>(</rp><rt>しょうぶ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>した。(They competed based on stamina.)
Noun + は + 体力 + を + 要求する
この<ruby>登山<rp>(</rp><rt>とざん</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>は<ruby>体力<rp>(</rp><rt>たいりょく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>を<ruby>要求<rp>(</rp><rt>ようきゅう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>する。(This climb demands stamina.)
Noun + は + 体力 + の + 維持 + が + 不可欠だ
<ruby>健康<rp>(</rp><rt>けんこう</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>な<ruby>生活<rp>(</rp><rt>せいかつ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>には<ruby>体力<rp>(</rp><rt>たいりょく</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>の<ruby>維持<rp>(</rp><rt>いじ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>が<ruby>不可欠<rp>(</rp><rt>ふかけつ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>だ。(Maintaining stamina is essential for a healthy life.)
Word Family
Nouns
Adjectives
Related
How to Use It
High
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Using 体力 when referring to general energy or mood.
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Using 元気 (genki) for general energy or mood.
体力 specifically refers to physical strength and endurance. If you're feeling generally lively or enthusiastic, 元気 is more appropriate. For example, saying 'I have no 体力 today' because you stayed up late studying is less accurate than saying 'I have no energy' (元気がない).
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Confusing 体力 (tairyoku) with 健康 (kenkou).
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Using 体力 for physical capacity and 健康 for overall well-being.
健康 means 'health' in a broader sense, including the absence of illness. 体力 is about the body's ability to perform physical tasks. You can be 健康 but lack the specific 体力 for a marathon, or vice versa (though less common).
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Incorrect particle usage, e.g., using を instead of が with ある/ない.
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Using が with ある/ない to indicate possession or lack of abstract nouns like 体力.
When stating the presence or absence of 体力, the particle が is typically used. For example, '体力がある' (tairyoku ga aru - to have stamina) and '体力がない' (tairyoku ga nai - to lack stamina). Using を (o) would be grammatically incorrect in these constructions.
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Using 体力 to describe mental fatigue.
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Using 精神的な疲れ (seishinteki na tsukare - mental fatigue) or similar phrases.
体力 is primarily about physical capacity. While mental and physical fatigue can be linked, 体力 does not directly translate to mental exhaustion. For mental exhaustion, use terms like 精神的に疲れた (seishinteki ni tsukareta - mentally tired).
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Overusing the loanword スタミナ (sutamina) when 体力 is more appropriate.
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Using 体力 in formal or neutral contexts, and スタミナ in casual or specific sports contexts.
スタミナ is a loanword from English 'stamina' and is often used in casual conversation, especially when talking about sports or games. However, 体力 is the native Japanese term and is generally preferred in more formal writing or when discussing general physical capacity.
Tips
Master the 'RYO'
The 'ryo' sound in 体力 (tai-ryo-ku) can be tricky. Practice blending the 'r' and 'yo' sounds smoothly. Listen to native speakers and try to mimic the pronunciation to avoid mispronouncing it.
Particle Power
Pay attention to the particle が (ga) when using 体力 with verbs like ある (aru - to have) or ない (nai - to not have). For example, 体力がある (tairyoku ga aru) means 'to have stamina,' and 体力がない (tairyoku ga nai) means 'to lack stamina.'
Build Stamina for Learning
Think of learning Japanese vocabulary as building your own 体力. Each new word you learn is like a small workout for your brain, improving your capacity to understand and use the language over time. Keep practicing consistently!
Visualise Strength
When you encounter 体力, visualize a strong person engaged in a physically demanding activity. This mental image of 'body strength' (体 + 力) can help you recall the word's meaning and context.
Use It Actively
Try to use 体力 in your own sentences as much as possible. Describe your own physical capabilities, or talk about the stamina needed for tasks you do. The more you use it, the more natural it will become.
Distinguish from Similar Words
Remember the nuance: 体力 is physical endurance, 元気 is general liveliness, and 健康 is overall health. Understanding these differences will help you use 体力 accurately.
Kanji Clues
Break down the kanji: 体 (body) and 力 (strength). This literal meaning 'body strength' is a strong clue to understanding the word's core concept of physical capacity.
Value of Physicality
In Japan, physical fitness is often linked to discipline and perseverance. Appreciating this cultural value can provide context for why 体力 is such a commonly discussed concept.
Listen and Repeat
Listen to Japanese audio or watch videos where 体力 is used. Try to repeat the sentences aloud, focusing on pronunciation and natural intonation. This active listening and speaking practice is crucial for fluency.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine a person with a strong body (体) full of power (力) running a marathon. This image helps connect the kanji to the meaning of physical strength and stamina.
Visual Association
Picture a strong, muscular athlete performing a strenuous activity, like lifting weights or running uphill, with the word 体力 superimposed on the image.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to describe a physical activity you enjoy using the word 体力. For example, 'I need a lot of 体力 to go hiking.' Repeat this sentence daily for a week.
Word Origin
The word 体力 (tairyoku) is composed of two kanji characters. 体 (tai) means 'body,' and 力 (chikara) means 'strength' or 'power.' Thus, the literal meaning is 'body strength.' It's a straightforward compound word that clearly conveys its meaning.
Original meaning: Body strength.
Sino-Japanese (Kanji compound)Cultural Context
The term 体力 itself is neutral and generally not sensitive. However, discussing someone's lack of 体力 should be done with consideration, especially if it relates to health issues or age.
In English-speaking cultures, terms like 'physical fitness,' 'stamina,' 'endurance,' and 'strength' are used. The emphasis can vary, with some cultures focusing more on athletic achievement and others on general health and well-being.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Discussing sports and exercise.
- 体力がある
- 体力づくり
- 体力がない
- 体力テスト
Talking about work and physical labor.
- 体力が必要な仕事
- 体力を消耗する
- 体力勝負
- 体力の限界
Referring to health and recovery.
- 体力が低下する
- 体力をつける
- 体力回復
- 病後の体力
Comparing people's physical abilities.
- 体力がある人
- 体力がない人
- 体力差
General conversation about daily energy levels.
- 今日は体力がない
- もっと体力が必要だ
- 体力を温存する
Conversation Starters
"Do you enjoy sports? What kind of physical activities do you do to maintain your 体力?"
"How important do you think 体力 is for your daily life? Why?"
"Have you ever felt like you lacked 体力 for a specific task? What happened?"
"What are some ways you try to build or maintain your 体力? Are there any exercises you recommend?"
"Do you think people in general have more or less 体力 now compared to the past? Why do you think that is?"
Journal Prompts
Describe a time when your 体力 was put to the test. What was the situation, and how did you manage?
Write about your ideal level of 体力. What activities would you be able to do if you had that level of stamina?
Reflect on the relationship between mental strength (気力) and physical strength (体力). How do they influence each other?
Imagine you are advising someone on how to improve their 体力. What steps would you suggest they take?
Consider the role of 体力 in different professions or lifestyles. How does it differ between an office worker, an athlete, and a farmer?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questions元気 (genki) is a more general term meaning 'energetic,' 'lively,' or 'healthy,' and it can refer to both physical and mental states. 体力 (tairyoku) specifically refers to physical strength and stamina, the body's capacity to perform and endure physical activities. For example, you might feel 元気 overall but still lack the 体力 to run a marathon.
You use 体力がある (tairyoku ga aru) when you want to say someone possesses good physical strength or stamina. For instance, '彼は体力がある' (Kare wa tairyoku ga aru) means 'He has good stamina.' You use 体力がない (tairyoku ga nai) when someone lacks physical strength or stamina, as in '体力がないから、すぐ疲れる' (Tairyoku ga nai kara, sugu tsukareru), meaning 'Because I lack stamina, I get tired easily.'
Improving your 体力 generally involves consistent physical exercise like aerobic activities (running, swimming, cycling) and strength training. A balanced diet and sufficient rest also play crucial roles in building and maintaining physical strength and stamina.
No, 体力 is not exclusive to athletes. It's a general term used by anyone discussing physical capacity. People use it when talking about demanding jobs, recovering from illness, the energy needed for daily tasks, or even just comparing their own energy levels.
Primarily, 体力 refers to physical strength. For mental strength or willpower, the term 気力 (kiryoku) is used. However, in some advanced or metaphorical contexts, 'intellectual stamina' (知的体力 - chiteki tairyoku) might be used, but this is less common and more abstract.
体力 (tairyoku) is a broader term for physical strength and stamina, encompassing the body's overall capacity for exertion. 持久力 (jikyuryoku) specifically refers to endurance, the ability to sustain effort over a prolonged period, often in athletic contexts. You need 体力 to have 持久力, but 体力 can also refer to power for shorter bursts.
体力 is pronounced 'tai-ryo-ku.' The stress is on the first syllable: TAi-ryo-ku. The 'ryo' sound is a combination of 'r' and 'yo', and the 'u' at the end is a short, clear 'oo' sound.
A common mistake is confusing it with general 'energy' (元気 - genki) or 'health' (健康 - kenkou). 体力 specifically relates to physical endurance for activities. Also, ensure correct particle usage, typically using が (ga) when indicating presence or absence (e.g., 体力がある).
Common phrases include 体力がない (lack stamina), 体力がある (have stamina), 体力づくり (building stamina), 体力をつける (gain stamina), and 体力を消耗する (deplete stamina).
No, 体力 is considered relatively easy for learners. The kanji are common, and the meaning is quite literal ('body strength'). Its usage is straightforward in many contexts.
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Summary
体力 (tairyoku) is the Japanese word for physical strength and stamina, referring to your body's capacity to perform and endure physical activities. It's crucial in contexts involving sports, demanding work, and overall health.
- Physical strength and stamina.
- Your body's energy for activities.
- Used for sports, work, and health.
- Essential for enduring effort.
Context is Key
Remember that 体力 refers specifically to physical strength and endurance. While it's related to general health (健康) and energy (元気), it's most accurately used when discussing the body's capacity for physical tasks, sports, or demanding work.
Master the 'RYO'
The 'ryo' sound in 体力 (tai-ryo-ku) can be tricky. Practice blending the 'r' and 'yo' sounds smoothly. Listen to native speakers and try to mimic the pronunciation to avoid mispronouncing it.
Particle Power
Pay attention to the particle が (ga) when using 体力 with verbs like ある (aru - to have) or ない (nai - to not have). For example, 体力がある (tairyoku ga aru) means 'to have stamina,' and 体力がない (tairyoku ga nai) means 'to lack stamina.'
Build Stamina for Learning
Think of learning Japanese vocabulary as building your own 体力. Each new word you learn is like a small workout for your brain, improving your capacity to understand and use the language over time. Keep practicing consistently!
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
Related Grammar Rules
Related Phrases
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しばらく
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異変がある
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異常な
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擦り傷
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吸収する
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禁酒
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痛む
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鍼灸
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急性的
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急性な
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