Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Georgian verbs 'tag' their objects directly onto the verb stem using specific prefixes.
- 1st/2nd person objects use prefixes like 'm-', 'g-', 'gv-'.
- 3rd person objects often use zero-marking or specific suffix markers.
- The verb must agree with both the subject and the object simultaneously.
Object Marker Prefixes
| Person | Marker | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
|
1st Sing
|
m-
|
me
|
|
2nd Sing
|
g-
|
you
|
|
1st Plur
|
gv-
|
us
|
|
2nd Plur
|
g- ... -t
|
you (plural)
|
|
3rd
|
0 / u- / h-
|
him/her/it
|
Meanings
Georgian verbs incorporate the direct or indirect object into the verb structure via pronominal prefixes.
Direct Object Incorporation
The verb marks the person being acted upon.
“მხედავ (You see me)”
“გხედავ (I see you)”
Indirect Object Incorporation
The verb marks the recipient of an action (dative).
“მომეცი (Give it to me)”
“გაჩუქე (I gifted it to you)”
Reflexive/Reciprocal Marking
Using markers to indicate the action is directed at the subject.
“ვიბან (I wash myself)”
“ვუყურებ (I look at it/him)”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Marker + Verb
|
mkhedav (you see me)
|
|
Negative
|
ar + Marker + Verb
|
ar mkhedav (you don't see me)
|
|
Question
|
Marker + Verb + ?
|
mkhedav? (do you see me?)
|
|
Polite
|
Marker + Verb + t
|
gkhedavt (I see you all)
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
გხედავთ (General)
გხედავ (General)
გხედავ (General)
გხედავ (General)
The Verb Magnet
Prefixes
- m- me
- g- you
- gv- us
수준별 예문
მხედავ?
Do you see me?
გხედავ.
I see you.
მომეცი.
Give it to me.
გაჩუქებ.
I will gift it to you.
გვეხმარები?
Are you helping us?
მითხარი.
Tell me.
გეძებ.
I am looking for you.
გვიყვარს.
We love it/him/her.
მომიყევი ამბავი.
Tell me the story.
გაგაცნობთ მას.
I will introduce him to you.
გვესტუმრეთ.
Visit us.
მომწერე.
Write to me.
გამიგე?
Did you understand me?
გაგაფრთხილე.
I warned you.
გვამცნეს.
They informed us.
მომენატრე.
I missed you.
გაგვიზიარე შენი აზრი.
Share your opinion with us.
მომიწვიეს.
They invited me.
გაგამხნევებ.
I will encourage you.
გვასწავლეს.
They taught us.
გაგვიმხილე საიდუმლო.
Reveal the secret to us.
მომიძღვენი.
Dedicate it to me.
გაგათავისუფლებ.
I will set you free.
გვამხილეს.
They exposed us.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners mix up 'v-' (subject) and 'm-/g-' (object).
자주 하는 실수
me gkhadav
gkhadav
g-khedav-t
gkhedavt
m-tsers
m-tsers
v-g-khedav
g-khedav
문장 패턴
___ + verb
Real World Usage
მომწერე!
Listen for the prefix
Smart Tips
Check for an object.
발음
Prefix attachment
The prefix should be pronounced as part of the verb.
Statement
გხედავ.
Falling intonation.
암기하기
기억법
M-e, G-u, Gv-us. Remember the sounds: M for Me, G for You, Gv for Us.
시각적 연상
Imagine a magnet (the verb) pulling tiny metal letters (m, g, gv) into its center.
Rhyme
M is for me, G is for you, Gv is for us, that's what we do!
Story
I see a magnet. It pulls 'm' to it. Now it's 'm-see'. Then it pulls 'g'. Now it's 'g-see'.
Word Web
챌린지
Write 5 sentences using 'm-', 'g-', and 'gv-' in 5 minutes.
문화 노트
Using the correct marker is a sign of respect.
Inherited from Proto-Kartvelian.
대화 시작하기
მხედავ?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
___-khedav (I see you)
Score: /1
연습 문제
1 exercises___-khedav (I see you)
Score: /1
자주 묻는 질문 (1)
No, they are mandatory.
Scaffolded Practice
1
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Clitics
Georgian is more integrated.
Clitics
Georgian is one word.
Cases
Morphology vs Syntax.
Particles
Post-position vs Prefix.
Suffixes
Prefix vs Suffix.
Word order
No morphology.
