경멸 in 30 Seconds
- Contempt: A strong feeling of worthlessness and disdain.
- It's about judging someone as inferior and undeserving of respect.
- Used for profound negative judgments, not minor annoyances.
- Keywords: scorn, disdain, looking down on.
The Korean word 경멸 (gyeongmyeol) translates to 'contempt' or 'scorn' in English. It describes a strong feeling of dislike and disrespect towards someone or something that you believe is unworthy, inferior, or despicable. When you feel 경멸, you see the object of your feeling as worthless, beneath your consideration, and deserving of disdain. It's a powerful negative emotion that often manifests as looking down on others, dismissing their opinions, or treating them with utter disregard.
People use 경멸 when they witness actions or behaviors they find morally reprehensible, intellectually deficient, or simply disgusting. It can be directed at individuals, groups, ideas, or even objects that evoke a sense of disgust and superiority in the observer. For instance, someone might feel 경멸 towards a politician caught in a scandal, a person exhibiting extreme cruelty, or even a piece of art they find utterly lacking in merit. The feeling is not just simple dislike; it carries a heavy weight of judgment and a sense of moral or intellectual superiority.
This word is often used in more formal or serious contexts, such as in literature, historical accounts, or discussions about social critique. It implies a deep-seated judgment rather than a fleeting annoyance. You might encounter it when discussing historical figures who were reviled by their contemporaries, or in fictional narratives where characters express profound disdain for their adversaries. The intensity of the emotion conveyed by 경멸 makes it a significant word for understanding nuanced expressions of negative sentiment in Korean.
Consider the case of someone who cheats in a competition. A spectator might not just be disappointed; they might feel a profound sense of 경멸 for the cheater, viewing them as fundamentally dishonest and unworthy of the effort or competition itself. This feeling goes beyond mere disapproval; it's a judgment of character and worth. Similarly, if someone consistently acts in a cruel or selfish manner, others might develop a feeling of 경멸 towards them, seeing their behavior as indicative of a deeply flawed personality.
In essence, 경멸 is the feeling one has when they perceive something or someone as utterly lacking in value, dignity, or respectability. It's a potent emotion that communicates a strong sense of moral superiority and profound disapproval. Understanding this nuance is key to grasping how Koreans express deep-seated disdain and judgment.
그는 자신의 약점을 보이는 것을 극도로 경멸했습니다.
- Nuance
- 경멸 is stronger than simple dislike; it involves a judgment of worthlessness.
- Intensity
- It signifies a deep-seated disdain, not a temporary irritation.
- Application
- Can be directed at individuals, actions, or even abstract concepts.
Using 경멸 (gyeongmyeol) correctly in sentences requires understanding its strong negative connotation and the context in which such intense disdain is expressed. It's typically used when describing a situation where one person or group views another as fundamentally flawed, immoral, or insignificant.
A common structure involves expressing the feeling directly or describing an action that shows contempt. For example, one might say 'I feel contempt for him' (그를 경멸합니다) or 'He looked at me with contempt' (그는 나를 경멸하는 눈빛으로 보았다). The verb form is often 경멸하다 (to feel contempt for, to scorn).
Consider sentences that highlight hypocrisy or betrayal, as these often evoke strong feelings of 경멸. For instance, 'The public felt contempt for the politician who lied about his past.' (대중은 과거를 속인 정치인에게 경멸감을 느꼈다.) Here, '경멸감' (gyeongmyeolgam) is used, which means 'a feeling of contempt'.
The word can also be used to describe a general societal attitude. 'There was a widespread contempt for those who exploited the vulnerable.' (취약한 사람들을 착취하는 사람들에 대한 광범위한 경멸이 있었다.) This shows how 경멸 can be a collective sentiment.
When describing an action, you might use phrases like 'to treat with contempt' (경멸하다) or 'to be looked down upon with contempt' (경멸받다). For example, 'He was treated with contempt by his colleagues for his unethical behavior.' (그는 비윤리적인 행동 때문에 동료들로부터 경멸받았다.)
It's important to note that 경멸 is a strong word and should be used judiciously. It's not typically used for minor disagreements or everyday annoyances. Instead, it signifies a deep-seated judgment that the subject is unworthy of respect or consideration. This makes it suitable for dramatic narratives, critiques of societal issues, or personal reflections on profound moral failings.
Here are a few more examples to illustrate its usage:
- Expressing the feeling
- 그의 비겁한 행동에 나는 깊은 경멸을 느꼈다. (Geu-ui bigeopan haengdong-e na-neun gipeun gyeongmyeol-eul neukkyeotda.) - I felt deep contempt for his cowardly actions.
- Describing an attitude
- 그녀는 그를 경멸하는 듯한 눈빛으로 바라보았다. (Geu-nyeoneun geu-reul gyeongmyeolhaneun deuthan nunbit-euro barabowatda.) - She looked at him with a gaze that seemed to hold contempt.
- Societal context
- 사회는 부당한 이득을 취하는 자들을 경멸합니다. (Sahoe-neun budanghan ideuk-eul chwihaneun jadeul-eul gyeongmyeolhamnida.) - Society scorns those who gain unfair advantages.
- Passive voice
- 그의 무례함은 모든 사람들에게 경멸받았다. (Geu-ui muryeoham-eun modeun saramdeul-ege gyeongmyeolbadatda.) - His rudeness was scorned by everyone.
그의 거짓말은 국민들의 경멸을 샀다.
The word 경멸 (gyeongmyeol), meaning contempt or scorn, is not an everyday casual term. You're more likely to encounter it in contexts that deal with strong emotions, moral judgments, and significant social or personal conflicts. It's a word that carries weight and is reserved for situations where deep disdain is genuinely felt or described.
One of the most common places to hear or read 경멸 is in literature, particularly novels and dramas. Authors use it to portray characters who feel profound disgust or superiority towards others. A villain might express 경멸 for the hero's ideals, or a character might feel 경멸 for someone they perceive as weak or morally bankrupt. These portrayals help to define character motivations and add depth to conflicts.
Historical accounts and documentaries also frequently use 경멸. When discussing figures or events that were widely reviled, historians might employ this word to describe the sentiments of the time. For example, the actions of notorious dictators or oppressive regimes would certainly evoke 경멸 from those who suffered under them or observed their cruelty. You might hear it in discussions about historical injustices or the downfall of empires.
In more serious news reporting or opinion pieces, especially those dealing with political corruption, social inequality, or severe ethical breaches, 경멸 can surface. Journalists or commentators might describe public outrage or their own critical stance using this term. For instance, a report on a corporate scandal involving exploitation might mention the public's 경멸 towards the company's executives.
Formal speeches, particularly those addressing ethical standards or societal values, might also incorporate 경멸. A leader might warn against actions that would earn the 경멸 of the community, emphasizing the importance of integrity and respect.
While less common in casual conversation, you might hear it among friends discussing a particularly egregious act of betrayal or a person known for consistently unethical behavior. However, even then, it's often used in a slightly more emphatic or dramatic way than a simple expression of dislike.
Think about movie dialogues where a character delivers a cutting remark, or a scene where someone is ostracized and their actions are described as deserving of utter disdain. These are the kinds of scenarios where 경멸 fits perfectly.
It's also important to note that the verb form, 경멸하다 (to scorn, to despise), is frequently used. So, you'll hear phrases like 'I scorn his actions' or 'She despises his attitude'.
In summary, listen for 경멸 in dramatic narratives, historical discussions, serious critiques, and situations where profound moral judgment and disdain are being conveyed. It signals a level of negative emotion that goes beyond simple disapproval.
- Literature
- Common in novels and dramas to depict strong character emotions and conflicts.
- History
- Used in historical accounts to describe public or personal revulsion towards figures or events.
- News & Opinion
- Appears in serious reporting on corruption, ethics, and social critique.
- Formal Settings
- Found in speeches emphasizing values and integrity.
The historical documentary discussed the 경멸 felt by the populace towards the corrupt officials.
Using 경멸 (gyeongmyeol) incorrectly can lead to misunderstandings because it is a word with a very strong and specific emotional weight. Learners often make mistakes by either overusing it for milder negative feelings or by failing to grasp its full implication of profound disdain and judgment of worthlessness.
Mistake 1: Using 경멸 for simple dislike or annoyance.
Korean has many words for 'dislike' or 'annoyance' that are much milder than 경멸. For example, if someone is slightly late, you might feel 'annoyed' (짜증나다) but not 'contempt'. Using 경멸 in such a situation would sound overly dramatic and out of place. For instance, saying 'I feel contempt for him because he's five minutes late' (그가 5분 늦어서 그를 경멸합니다) is a clear overstatement.
Mistake 2: Confusing 경멸 with 'envy' or 'jealousy'.
While both are negative emotions, envy (질투) and jealousy (시기) are about wanting what someone else has or fearing losing something. 경멸, on the other hand, is about looking down on someone as inferior. They are fundamentally different in their focus and the judgment involved. Someone might envy a rich person but feel contempt for a dishonest person.
Mistake 3: Incorrectly conjugating or using the verb form.
The verb form is typically 경멸하다 (to scorn). Learners might try to use it as a standalone noun in verb-like ways or fail to conjugate it properly. For example, saying 'I 경멸 him' instead of 'I 경멸합니다' or 'I feel 경멸' (경멸을 느낍니다) is grammatically awkward. The correct structure often involves the verb '하다' (to do) or the noun '경멸감' (feeling of contempt).
Mistake 4: Applying it to neutral or positive situations.
This might seem obvious, but in the process of learning, learners might mistakenly associate the sound or structure of the word with unrelated concepts. 경멸 is exclusively about strong negative judgment and disdain.
Mistake 5: Underestimating its intensity.
Because it's a B1 level word, some learners might treat it as they would a common adjective. However, 경멸 carries a heavy emotional and moral judgment. Failing to recognize this intensity can lead to using it in contexts where it sounds insincere or even offensive because it trivializes the strong emotion it represents.
To avoid these mistakes, always consider the following:
- Intensity Check
- Is the situation truly one of profound disdain and judgment of worthlessness, or is it just annoyance or dislike?
- Contextual Fit
- Does the context involve moral failing, extreme arrogance, or a perceived lack of dignity that would warrant such a strong word?
- Grammar
- Ensure you are using it with appropriate verbs (e.g., 경멸하다, 경멸감을 느끼다) or as a noun in contexts where it fits grammatically.
Using 경멸 for someone who is just a little bit late is a common mistake.
Understanding words similar to 경멸 (gyeongmyeol) helps to pinpoint its exact meaning and usage. While several Korean words convey negative feelings, 경멸 stands out for its specific implication of judging someone or something as worthless and beneath consideration.
1. 무시 (musi) - Ignorance, disregard, ignoring
무시 is about not paying attention to someone or something, or treating them as if they don't exist. It can be a component of 경멸, as one might ignore someone they despise. However, 무시 can also be less intense; you might 무시 someone simply because you are busy or don't want to engage. 경멸 is a deeper emotional state of disdain.
Example Comparison:
- 무시 (musi)
- 그는 내 말을 무시했다. (He ignored my words.) - This could be due to not hearing, not caring, or perhaps even contempt, but the word itself doesn't specify the reason.
- 경멸 (gyeongmyeol)
- 그는 내 말을 무시했을 뿐만 아니라 경멸하는 태도를 보였다. (He not only ignored my words but also showed an attitude of contempt.) - Here, 경멸 adds the layer of disdain and judgment.
2. 혐오 (hyom'o) - Disgust, aversion
혐오 describes a strong feeling of disgust or revulsion. It often relates to physical or moral repulsion. While 경멸 can involve disgust, 혐오 is more focused on the visceral reaction of finding something repulsive. You might feel 혐오 towards something that is dirty or morally corrupt, and this feeling can lead to 경멸.
Example Comparison:
- 혐오 (hyom'o)
- 그는 벌레를 보고 혐오감을 느꼈다. (He felt disgust upon seeing the insect.) - This is a direct reaction to something repulsive.
- 경멸 (gyeongmyeol)
- 그의 비윤리적인 행동은 사회 전체의 경멸을 불러일으켰다. (His unethical actions provoked the contempt of the entire society.) - This implies a moral judgment and a belief that the actions are unworthy.
3. 비난 (binan) - Criticism, blame
비난 is about expressing disapproval or finding fault with someone's actions or character. It's a more direct form of critique. While 경멸 often involves 비난, it goes further by adding the element of deeming the person or thing worthless. You can 비난 someone without necessarily feeling 경멸, but 경멸 almost always includes some form of 비난.
Example Comparison:
- 비난 (binan)
- 그의 실수에 대해 비난하는 목소리가 많았다. (There were many voices criticizing his mistake.) - This focuses on the mistake itself.
- 경멸 (gyeongmyeol)
- 그의 반복적인 실수와 변명은 단순한 비난을 넘어 경멸의 대상이 되었다. (His repeated mistakes and excuses became objects of contempt, going beyond simple criticism.) - This highlights that the person is now seen as fundamentally flawed and unworthy.
4. 멸시 (myeolsi) - Contempt, scorn, disdain
멸시 is very similar to 경멸 and often used interchangeably in everyday language. Both convey a strong sense of looking down on someone as inferior and unworthy. However, 경멸 sometimes carries a slightly more intellectual or moral judgment, while 멸시 can be more about a general haughty attitude. For practical purposes, they are often considered synonyms, but 경멸 might feel slightly more formal or intense in certain contexts.
Example Comparison:
- 멸시 (myeolsi)
- 그는 가난한 사람들을 멸시했다. (He scorned the poor.) - A direct expression of looking down on them.
- 경멸 (gyeongmyeol)
- 그의 오만함은 보는 이들로 하여금 그를 경멸하게 만들었다. (His arrogance made those who saw him feel contempt for him.) - Emphasizes the judgment of worthlessness due to arrogance.
In essence, while 무시 is about ignoring, 혐오 is about disgust, and 비난 is about criticism, both 경멸 and 멸시 are about a deep-seated feeling that someone or something is worthless and deserving of disdain. 경멸 often implies a more reasoned or moral judgment of this worthlessness.
While 경멸 is about deeming someone worthless, 무시 is simply about ignoring them.
How Formal Is It?
"그의 연설은 권위에 대한 노골적인 경멸을 드러냈다."
"나는 그의 무례한 태도에 경멸감을 느꼈다."
"걔 나 완전 깔보는 거 같아. 경멸하는 거 아니야?"
"그 나쁜 장난감은 아무도 좋아하지 않았고, 모두 그것을 싫어했어요."
"진짜 개무시하네. 나한테 경멸하는 거 아니야?"
Fun Fact
The concept of 'making light of' (輕) combined with 'despising' (蔑) is a powerful metaphor. It suggests that when you feel contempt, you mentally reduce the object of your scorn to something insignificant and then actively reject it with disdain. This dual action highlights the dismissive and degrading nature of the emotion.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing '경' as 'kyung' without the nasal 'ng' sound.
- Omitting the 'y' glide in '멸' (myeol), making it sound like 'mull'.
- Incorrectly stressing the second syllable.
- Confusing the 'r' sound in Korean with the English 'r'.
- Not clearly articulating the final 'l' sound in '멸'.
Difficulty Rating
At B1 level, learners should be able to understand '경멸' when encountered in texts dealing with strong emotions, moral judgments, or character descriptions. Recognizing its intensity and distinguishing it from milder negative feelings is key.
Learners at B1 can begin to use '경멸' in their writing, particularly in narrative or descriptive contexts where strong emotions are conveyed. Care should be taken to use it appropriately without overstatement.
Using '경멸' in speaking requires confidence and accurate contextual understanding. It's a word that carries significant emotional weight, so learners should practice using it in appropriate situations to avoid sounding unnatural or overly aggressive.
Recognizing '경멸' in spoken Korean requires listening for its distinct pronunciation and understanding the context to gauge the speaker's emotional state and judgment.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Using the verb 하다 (hada) with nouns to form verbs.
경멸 (noun) + 하다 (hada) = 경멸하다 (to scorn). This is a very common pattern for Sino-Korean nouns.
Using particles like 을/를 with verbs and 에/에게 with nouns to indicate the object of an action or feeling.
나는 그를 (object particle) 경멸한다. (I scorn him.)
Forming adjectives from nouns using -적 (-jeok).
경멸 (noun) + 적 (suffix) = 경멸적 (contemptuous).
Using the passive voice to indicate receiving an action.
그는 동료들로부터 경멸을 받았다. (He received contempt from his colleagues.)
Using the noun form -감 (-gam) to indicate a feeling.
경멸 (contempt) + 감 (feeling) = 경멸감 (feeling of contempt).
Examples by Level
그는 나를 싫어한다.
He dislikes me.
This uses the basic verb '싫어하다' (to dislike).
나는 그 아이가 귀찮다.
I find that child bothersome.
Uses the adjective '귀찮다' (to be bothersome/annoying).
그것은 좋지 않아.
That is not good.
Basic negative statement using '좋다' (to be good).
나는 그를 보고 싶지 않아.
I don't want to see him.
Uses the verb '보다' (to see) with negation and '싶다' (to want).
그녀는 나에게 화가 났다.
She got angry at me.
Uses the adjective '화나다' (to be angry).
나는 그것을 좋아하지 않아.
I don't like that.
Negation of '좋아하다' (to like).
그는 나를 무시했다.
He ignored me.
Uses the verb '무시하다' (to ignore).
나는 그 음식이 맛없다.
That food tastes bad.
Uses the adjective '맛없다' (to taste bad).
그의 행동은 정말 짜증 났다.
His behavior was really annoying.
Uses '짜증나다' (to be annoying) which is slightly stronger than simple dislike.
나는 그가 하는 말에 동의할 수 없어.
I cannot agree with what he says.
Uses '동의하다' (to agree) with negation and inability.
그녀는 나를 무시하는 것 같았다.
It seemed like she was ignoring me.
Uses '무시하다' (to ignore) with the '같다' (to seem) structure.
나는 그의 태도가 마음에 들지 않아.
I don't like his attitude.
Uses '마음에 들다' (to be pleasing/like) with negation.
그는 나를 얕잡아 보는 것 같아.
It seems like he looks down on me.
Uses '얕잡아 보다' (to look down on, to underestimate).
나는 그 소식을 듣고 불쾌했다.
I felt unpleasant upon hearing that news.
Uses '불쾌하다' (to be unpleasant/displeased).
그의 거짓말은 정말 실망스러웠다.
His lies were very disappointing.
Uses '실망스럽다' (to be disappointing).
나는 그 사람을 좋아하지 않는다.
I do not like that person.
Simple, direct negation of liking someone.
그의 오만한 태도는 많은 사람들에게 경멸을 샀다.
His arrogant attitude earned the contempt of many people.
Introduces the target word '경멸' (contempt) in a common usage pattern.
나는 그가 타인을 경멸하는 것을 보았다.
I saw him scorn others.
Uses the verb form '경멸하다' (to scorn).
그녀는 자신의 약점을 극도로 경멸했다.
She extremely scorned her own weaknesses.
Shows self-contempt, a less common but valid usage.
그의 비겁한 행동은 사회의 경멸을 받았다.
His cowardly actions received the contempt of society.
Uses the passive form '경멸을 받았다' (received contempt).
나는 그런 부당한 처사에 대해 깊은 경멸감을 느낀다.
I feel a deep sense of contempt for such unfair treatment.
Uses '경멸감' (feeling of contempt) with '깊은' (deep).
그는 과거의 잘못들을 경멸하며 새로운 시작을 다짐했다.
He scorned his past mistakes and vowed a new beginning.
Shows contempt as a catalyst for change.
그녀는 타인의 고통을 경멸하는 냉담한 태도를 보였다.
She showed a cold attitude that scorned the suffering of others.
Connects contempt with a lack of empathy.
우리는 그들의 무책임한 행동에 경멸을 표했다.
We expressed contempt for their irresponsible actions.
Uses '표하다' (to express) with '경멸'.
그의 연설은 권위에 대한 경멸로 가득 차 있었다.
His speech was filled with contempt for authority.
Used in a more abstract context, referring to contempt for an idea or system.
진실을 왜곡하는 자들에 대한 사회적 경멸은 당연한 결과이다.
The societal contempt for those who distort the truth is a natural consequence.
Discusses societal reactions and consequences.
그는 자신의 과거를 경멸하며 새로운 정체성을 구축하려 했다.
He tried to build a new identity by despising his past.
Contempt as a driving force for personal transformation.
그녀는 타인의 성공을 경멸하는 심술궂은 심리를 가지고 있었다.
She had a malicious psychology of scorning the success of others.
Connects contempt with a negative psychological trait.
역사는 종종 독재자들에 대한 대중의 경멸을 기록한다.
History often records the public's contempt for dictators.
Historical context for the word.
그의 무모한 결정은 동료들 사이에서 경멸의 대상이 되었다.
His reckless decision became an object of contempt among his colleagues.
Focuses on the consequence of actions leading to contempt.
우리는 예술의 상업화에 대한 은근한 경멸을 느낀다.
We feel a subtle contempt for the commercialization of art.
Subtler application of contempt towards a trend.
그는 자신의 나약함을 경멸하며 강해지려고 노력했다.
He tried to become stronger by despising his own weakness.
Similar to the B1 example, but with a stronger focus on the effort driven by contempt.
그의 작품은 기존의 예술적 관습에 대한 노골적인 경멸을 드러냈다.
His work revealed an overt contempt for established artistic conventions.
Sophisticated usage in an artistic critique context.
사회적 위계질서에 대한 그의 경멸은 종종 급진적인 발언으로 나타났다.
His contempt for social hierarchy often manifested in radical statements.
Connects contempt for a system with specific forms of expression.
그는 자신의 내면의 나약함을 경멸하며 끊임없이 자기 계발에 몰두했다.
He was constantly engrossed in self-improvement, despising his inner weakness.
Deep psychological exploration of self-contempt driving action.
정치적 수사에서 상대방에 대한 경멸은 흔히 사용되는 전략이다.
Contempt for the opponent is a commonly used strategy in political rhetoric.
Analysis of language use in a specific field (politics).
그녀는 타인의 감정에 대한 무관심을 경멸했고, 깊은 공감 능력을 중요하게 여겼다.
She scorned indifference to the feelings of others and valued deep empathy.
Contempt for a negative trait, advocating for its opposite.
문학 작품 속에서 주인공은 종종 자신의 비겁함을 경멸하며 성장한다.
In literary works, the protagonist often grows by despising their own cowardice.
Literary analysis of character development through self-contempt.
그는 대중 매체가 진실을 희화화하는 방식에 대해 노골적인 경멸을 표현했다.
He expressed overt contempt for the way mass media trivializes the truth.
Critique of media representation and its effect.
그녀의 작품은 사회적 규범에 대한 은유적인 경멸로 해석될 수 있다.
Her work can be interpreted as a metaphorical contempt for social norms.
Interpreting art through the lens of contempt for societal norms.
그의 철학은 기존의 형이상학적 체계에 대한 근본적인 경멸에 기반하고 있다.
His philosophy is based on a fundamental contempt for existing metaphysical systems.
Highly abstract and philosophical usage of contempt.
문학 비평에서 특정 작가에 대한 경멸은 종종 그들의 작품 세계관을 이해하는 열쇠가 된다.
In literary criticism, contempt for a certain author often becomes the key to understanding their worldview.
Advanced literary analysis involving the role of contempt.
그는 자신의 창조물에 대한 편집증적인 경멸 때문에 완벽주의에 사로잡혔다.
He was seized by perfectionism due to a paranoid contempt for his own creations.
Deep psychological analysis linking contempt to extreme behavior.
탈식민주의적 관점에서, 제국주의 시대의 문화적 우월감에 대한 경멸은 필수적이다.
From a postcolonial perspective, contempt for the cultural superiority of the imperial era is essential.
Contempt within a specific academic framework (postcolonialism).
그녀의 예술은 현대 사회의 물질주의에 대한 미묘한 경멸을 담고 있다.
Her art contains a subtle contempt for the materialism of modern society.
Subtle and nuanced expression of contempt in art.
역사적 인물에 대한 평가는 종종 동시대인들의 경멸이나 숭배에 의해 왜곡된다.
The evaluation of historical figures is often distorted by the contempt or adoration of their contemporaries.
Analysis of historical interpretation and bias.
그는 인간 본성에 대한 회의론적 시각에서 비롯된 경멸을 숨기지 않았다.
He did not hide the contempt stemming from his skeptical view of human nature.
Contempt rooted in a philosophical worldview.
예술가의 자기 파괴적인 성향은 종종 자신의 재능에 대한 경멸에서 기인한다.
An artist's self-destructive tendencies often stem from contempt for their own talent.
Explores the complex relationship between talent and self-contempt.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— To scorn, to despise, to feel contempt for.
그는 자신의 과거를 경멸했다. (He scorned his past.)
— To feel a sense of contempt.
나는 그의 무례한 태도에 경멸감을 느꼈다. (I felt a sense of contempt for his rude attitude.)
— A look of contempt, a scornful gaze.
그녀는 그를 경멸하는 눈빛으로 바라보았다. (She looked at him with a look of contempt.)
— A contemptuous attitude.
그는 항상 경멸적인 태도를 유지했다. (He always maintained a contemptuous attitude.)
— To earn contempt, to incur scorn.
그의 잘못된 결정은 대중의 경멸을 샀다. (His wrong decision earned the contempt of the public.)
— Deep contempt.
나는 그의 위선에 깊은 경멸을 느꼈다. (I felt deep contempt for his hypocrisy.)
— That is contemptible, that deserves scorn.
그의 행동은 경멸할 만하다. (His actions are contemptible.)
— To not scorn, to not despise.
나는 그를 경멸하지 않는다. (I do not scorn him.)
— To go beyond scorning, to do something even worse than scorn.
그는 동료를 경멸하다 못해 그의 명예를 실추시켰다. (He went beyond scorning his colleague and tarnished his reputation.)
— To scorn, to slight (often used interchangeably with 경멸하다).
그는 약자들을 멸시했다. (He slighted the weak.)
Often Confused With
멸시 is very similar to 경멸 and often used interchangeably. Both mean contempt or scorn. However, 경멸 can sometimes imply a more reasoned or moral judgment of worthlessness, while 멸시 might focus more on a haughty attitude or looking down on someone due to status. For practical purposes, they are often treated as synonyms.
무시 means to ignore or disregard. While ignoring someone can be a part of showing contempt, '무시' itself doesn't necessarily imply a judgment of worthlessness. You can ignore someone because you're busy, not necessarily because you despise them.
혐오 means disgust or aversion. It's a visceral reaction to something repulsive. While contempt can involve disgust, 혐오 is more about revulsion, whereas contempt is about deeming something unworthy and inferior.
Idioms & Expressions
— To put contempt in one's eyes; to look at someone with scorn.
그녀는 그를 눈에 경멸을 담고 바라보았다. (She looked at him with contempt in her eyes.)
Neutral— To snort with laughter; to scoff. While not directly using '경멸', it often implies a dismissive and contemptuous attitude.
그의 터무니없는 주장에 나는 코웃음을 쳤다. (I scoffed at his ridiculous claim.)
Neutral to Informal— To kick. Figuratively, it can mean to treat someone harshly or dismissively, akin to contempt.
그는 성공한 후 자신을 무시했던 사람들에게 발길질했다. (After becoming successful, he kicked those who had ignored him.)
Informal— To consider something trivial or worthless; to look down upon.
그는 모든 것을 하찮게 여기는 경향이 있었다. (He had a tendency to consider everything trivial.)
Neutral— To look down upon, to scorn, to treat with disdain.
그는 자신보다 못한 사람들을 업신여겼다. (He looked down upon people inferior to himself.)
Neutral to Formal— To snort dismissively; to show disdain.
그는 그 제안에 콧방귀를 뀌었다. (He snorted dismissively at the proposal.)
Informal— To completely ignore or disregard; to treat with utter contempt. A strong, informal version of 무시하다.
그는 나를 개무시했다. (He completely ignored me / treated me with utter contempt.)
Slang/Informal— To frown; to knit one's brows. Often done when displeased or showing disapproval, which can stem from contempt.
그녀는 그의 무례함에 눈살을 찌푸렸다. (She frowned at his rudeness.)
Neutral— To dislike intensely, to abhor. Similar to 혐오하다 but can sometimes imply a strong aversion that borders on contempt.
그녀는 그 남자의 허풍을 질색했다. (She abhorred the man's bragging.)
Neutral— To be terrifying, dreadful. This is unrelated to contempt; it means scary.
그는 무시무시한 괴물이었다. (He was a terrifying monster.)
NeutralEasily Confused
Both words refer to a strong feeling of looking down on someone or something as inferior and unworthy.
While often interchangeable, 경멸 can imply a deeper moral or intellectual judgment of worthlessness, whereas 멸시 might be more about a general attitude of haughtiness or looking down due to social standing. 경멸 sometimes feels more formal or intense than 멸시.
그는 자신의 능력을 과신하며 동료들을 멸시했다. (He overestimated his abilities and scorned his colleagues.) vs. 그는 부당한 대우에 대해 깊은 경멸을 느꼈다. (He felt deep contempt for the unfair treatment.)
Ignoring someone can be an action stemming from contempt.
무시하다 means to ignore or disregard, focusing on the lack of attention. 경멸 means to scorn or despise, focusing on a judgment of worthlessness and inferiority. You can ignore someone without despising them, and you can show contempt without necessarily ignoring them (e.g., through verbal insults).
그는 내 말을 무시했지만, 나는 그를 경멸하지 않았다. (He ignored my words, but I didn't scorn him.)
Both involve looking down on someone or something.
얕보다 means to underestimate or to think little of someone's abilities or importance. It's less intense than 경멸, which implies a judgment of fundamental worthlessness and deep disdain. You might 얕보다 someone's skills, but you would 경멸 someone's character if it's deeply flawed.
그는 나를 얕봤지만, 나는 그의 실력을 경멸하지는 않았다. (He underestimated me, but I didn't scorn his skills.)
Both are strong negative emotions.
혐오하다 means to detest or feel disgust towards something, often due to its repulsive nature (physical or moral). 경멸 means to scorn or despise, stemming from a judgment that the object is worthless or inferior. While contempt can involve disgust, it's primarily about a belief in inferiority, whereas disgust is about revulsion.
나는 그의 잔인함에 혐오감을 느꼈지만, 그의 행동 자체를 경멸하지는 않았다. (I felt disgust at his cruelty, but I didn't scorn the action itself.)
Criticism can be a component of contempt.
비난하다 means to criticize or blame, focusing on finding fault with actions or character. 경멸 goes further by deeming the person or thing fundamentally worthless and beneath consideration. You can criticize someone without despising them, but contempt usually involves criticism.
그는 실수를 비난받았지만, 경멸받지는 않았다. (He was criticized for his mistakes, but not scorned.)
Sentence Patterns
Subject + Object + 을/를 + 얕보다/무시하다
그는 나를 얕봤다. (He looked down on me.)
Subject + Object + 을/를 + 경멸하다
나는 그의 거짓말을 경멸했다. (I scorned his lies.)
Subject + Object + 에 대한 + 경멸감(을) 느끼다
나는 그의 태도에 경멸감을 느꼈다. (I felt contempt for his attitude.)
Noun Phrase + 은/는 + (사회적/문화적) + 경멸 + 을/를 + 사다/받다
그의 행동은 사회적 경멸을 샀다. (His actions earned societal contempt.)
Subject + [Reason] + 때문에 + Object + 을/를 + 경멸하다
그의 비겁함 때문에 나는 그를 경멸한다. (Because of his cowardice, I scorn him.)
Subject + [Abstract Concept] + 에 대한 + 노골적인/은근한 + 경멸 + 을/를 + 드러내다/표현하다
그녀의 작품은 기존 관습에 대한 경멸을 드러냈다. (Her work revealed contempt for existing conventions.)
Subject + [Negative Trait] + 을/를 + 경멸하다 + (그리고/며) + [Action]
그는 자신의 나약함을 경멸하며 강해지려 했다. (He tried to become stronger, despising his own weakness.)
Subject + [Philosophical/Abstract Idea] + 에 대한 + 근본적인/본질적인 + 경멸 + 에 + 기반하다
그의 철학은 기존 체제에 대한 경멸에 기반한다. (His philosophy is based on contempt for the existing system.)
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Related
How to Use It
Medium-low. It's not an everyday word but is common in contexts requiring strong emotional expression.
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Using '경멸' for simple dislike or annoyance.
→
Use milder words like '싫어하다' (dislike) or '짜증나다' (to be annoyed).
'경멸' implies a strong judgment of worthlessness, not just a fleeting negative feeling. For example, saying 'I scorn him because he's five minutes late' is an overstatement. It's better to say '나는 그가 늦어서 짜증났다' (I was annoyed because he was late).
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Confusing '경멸' with '무시' (ignore).
→
'무시하다' means to ignore; '경멸하다' means to scorn. Ignoring can be an action of contempt, but the words have different core meanings.
You can ignore someone without despising them (e.g., if you're busy). Contempt is a deeper emotional judgment. Example: '그는 나를 무시했지만, 나는 그를 경멸하지는 않았다.' (He ignored me, but I didn't scorn him.)
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Incorrectly conjugating '경멸하다' or using it in awkward grammatical structures.
→
Use standard verb conjugations and sentence patterns. For example, '나는 그를 경멸한다' (I scorn him) or '나는 경멸감을 느꼈다' (I felt contempt).
Learners might try to use '경멸' as a verb directly without '하다' or misuse particles. Ensure correct grammatical forms like '경멸하다' (verb) or '경멸감' (noun).
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Using '경멸' in informal, everyday conversation.
→
Reserve '경멸' for more serious contexts; use informal alternatives like '깔보다' (to look down on) in casual settings.
'경멸' is a strong, formal word. Using it casually can sound unnatural or overly aggressive. For instance, instead of saying 'I scorn you' informally, one might say '너 나 깔보지 마' (Don't look down on me).
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Equating '경멸' with simple 'hatred' (증오).
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'경멸' is about deeming someone worthless; '증오' is about intense dislike or loathing.
While hatred can coexist with contempt, they are distinct. Contempt focuses on perceived inferiority and lack of value, while hatred is a more direct and intense dislike. Example: '나는 그의 행동을 경멸했지만, 그 자체를 증오하지는 않았다.' (I scorned his actions, but I didn't hate him himself.)
Tips
Mastering the 'gyeong' and 'myeol' sounds
Pay close attention to the nasal 'ng' sound in '경' (gyeong) and the 'y' glide in '멸' (myeol). Practice saying them slowly and clearly. Mimicking native speakers from audio resources can be very helpful.
Visual Association for '경멸'
Imagine someone looking down from a very high place with a sneer at something tiny and insignificant below them. This visual helps connect the word with the concepts of superiority, disdain, and worthlessness.
Verb Forms and Feelings
Learn the verb form '경멸하다' (to scorn) and the noun '경멸감' (feeling of contempt). Understanding these variations will allow you to express the emotion more flexibly in sentences.
Respect and 'Che-myeon'
In Korean culture, maintaining 'che-myeon' (face/reputation) is important. Actions that evoke '경멸' can severely damage one's reputation, so using the word itself implies a significant social judgment.
Distinguishing from Similar Words
Understand how '경멸' differs from '무시' (ignore), '혐오' (disgust), and '얕보다' (underestimate). Recognizing these nuances will help you choose the most accurate word for your intended meaning.
Sentence Building Practice
Create your own sentences using '경멸' in different contexts. Try to describe a character's internal feelings or external actions that demonstrate contempt. This active practice solidifies understanding.
Listen for '경멸' in Media
When watching Korean dramas or movies, pay attention to moments where characters express strong negative emotions. Listen for '경멸' and analyze the situation and delivery to better grasp its usage.
Understanding the Hanja Roots
Knowing that 輕 means 'light/trivial' and 蔑 means 'despise' helps understand that '경멸' is about making something seem light (unimportant) and then despising it.
Journaling Your Feelings
Use journaling prompts to explore situations where you might feel or have felt contempt. Writing about these emotions can help you process them and understand the nuances of the word '경멸'.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine someone making a 'light' (輕) gesture with their hand, as if dismissing something as trivial, while simultaneously looking down with a 'scornful' (蔑) expression. The 'light' gesture emphasizes how you see them as unimportant, and the 'scorn' shows your disdain.
Visual Association
Picture a person standing on a high pedestal, looking down with a sneer at tiny figures below them. The pedestal represents superiority, the sneer represents contempt, and the small figures represent worthlessness.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to write three sentences using '경멸' to describe a character's reaction to another character's boastful but empty words. Focus on showing the contempt through their actions or thoughts, not just stating the word.
Word Origin
The word 경멸 is a Sino-Korean word, derived from Chinese characters. The first character, 輕 (gyeong), means 'light,' 'trivial,' or 'easy,' and also carries the meaning of 'to make light of' or 'to belittle.' The second character, 蔑 (myeol), means 'to despise,' 'to scorn,' or 'to disregard.' Together, 輕蔑 literally means 'to make light of and despise,' perfectly capturing the essence of contempt.
Original meaning: To belittle and despise; to consider something or someone as trivial and unworthy of respect.
Sino-Korean (derived from Chinese characters)Cultural Context
The word '경멸' carries a very strong negative connotation. Using it inappropriately can be offensive and deeply hurtful. It implies a judgment of worthlessness, which is a harsh assessment of a person or thing. When learning and practicing this word, be mindful of the context and intensity it conveys.
In English-speaking cultures, contempt is also a strong emotion, often associated with a feeling of superiority and disgust. Words like 'scorn,' 'disdain,' and 'derision' are close synonyms. It's often expressed through body language (e.g., sneering, eye-rolling) and verbal taunts.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Character descriptions in literature or drama, where a character's negative feelings towards another are conveyed.
- 그는 그녀를 경멸했다.
- 경멸적인 눈빛
- 경멸감을 느꼈다.
Discussions about social issues, ethics, or historical events involving moral failings.
- 사회적 경멸
- 부당한 처사에 대한 경멸
- 권위에 대한 경멸.
Expressions of strong personal disapproval or judgment towards someone's actions or character.
- 나는 그의 행동을 경멸한다.
- 경멸할 만하다.
- 경멸적인 태도.
Internal monologues or self-reflection, particularly regarding past mistakes or perceived weaknesses.
- 자신의 약점을 경멸하다.
- 과거를 경멸하다.
Critiques of art, media, or societal trends perceived as lacking value or integrity.
- 예술의 상업화에 대한 경멸
- 진실을 왜곡하는 것에 대한 경멸.
Conversation Starters
"Have you ever felt contempt for someone's actions, and if so, how did you express it?"
"Can you think of a situation in a movie or book where a character showed extreme contempt?"
"What's the difference between disliking someone and feeling contempt for them?"
"When might it be appropriate to use a strong word like 'contempt' in Korean?"
"How can a society deal with actions that provoke widespread contempt?"
Journal Prompts
Describe a time you witnessed an act that made you feel contempt. What was it about the act that evoked such a strong emotion?
Reflect on a character from a story who displayed significant contempt. What motivated their feelings, and what were the consequences?
Imagine you have to explain the feeling of '경멸' to someone who has never experienced it. What examples would you use?
Write about a situation where someone showed contempt towards you. How did it make you feel, and how did you react?
Consider the phrase 'contemptible.' What kinds of actions or behaviors do you believe are truly contemptible?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questions'경멸' and '멸시' are very similar and often used interchangeably to mean contempt or scorn. Both convey a strong sense of looking down on someone as inferior and unworthy. However, '경멸' can sometimes imply a more intellectual or moral judgment of worthlessness, suggesting a deeper analysis of why something is deemed inferior. '멸시' might lean more towards a general haughty attitude or looking down on someone based on social status or perceived weakness. In many contexts, the distinction is subtle, and either word can be appropriate.
No, '경멸' is not a word typically used in casual, everyday conversation. It carries a very strong emotional weight and implies a profound level of disdain and judgment. You are more likely to encounter it in literature, dramas, formal speeches, historical accounts, or serious discussions about ethics and morality. In casual settings, people might use milder words like '싫어하다' (dislike), '짜증나다' (to be annoyed), or more informal expressions like '깔보다' (to look down on).
Yes, '경멸' can be used for inanimate objects or abstract ideas if they evoke a strong sense of worthlessness or disdain. For example, one might feel '경멸' towards a piece of art they find utterly lacking in merit, or towards a political ideology they believe is fundamentally flawed and harmful. The key is that the object or idea must elicit a strong judgment of inferiority and worthlessness from the person experiencing the emotion.
The verb form is '경멸하다' (gyeongmyeolhada), which means 'to scorn,' 'to despise,' or 'to feel contempt for.' You can also use the passive form '경멸받다' (gyeongmyeolbatda), meaning 'to be scorned' or 'to be despised.'
'혐오' (hyom'o) is primarily about disgust or revulsion, a visceral reaction to something that is perceived as repulsive, unclean, or morally offensive. '경멸' (gyeongmyeol) is about scorning or despising someone or something based on a judgment that they are inferior, worthless, or lacking in dignity. While contempt can involve disgust, its core is the belief in worthlessness and superiority of the one feeling contempt. Disgust is more about repulsion.
No, '경멸' is inherently not a polite word. It expresses a very strong negative emotion and judgment. Using it directly towards someone, or even in their presence, would be considered extremely rude and offensive. It is best used in descriptive contexts (like in writing or recounting events) or when expressing one's own feelings about something or someone in a private or appropriate setting.
'경멸감' (gyeongmyeolgam) is the noun form that specifically refers to 'a feeling of contempt.' It's often used when describing the emotional experience of feeling contempt, such as '나는 경멸감을 느꼈다' (I felt a sense of contempt).
Yes, '경멸' can be used for self-criticism. When someone feels intense disdain for their own weaknesses, past mistakes, or perceived flaws, they might experience self-contempt. For example, '그는 자신의 나약함을 경멸했다' (He scorned his own weakness) illustrates this usage.
Common phrases include '경멸하다' (to scorn), '경멸감을 느끼다' (to feel contempt), '경멸하는 눈빛' (a look of contempt), '경멸적인 태도' (a contemptuous attitude), and '경멸을 사다' (to earn contempt).
To avoid overusing '경멸,' consider if the situation truly warrants such a strong emotion. Ask yourself if the person or thing is perceived as fundamentally worthless and deserving of disdain, or if it's a milder emotion like annoyance, dislike, or criticism. Use synonyms like '싫어하다,' '짜증나다,' '비난하다,' or '얕보다' for less intense situations.
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Summary
경멸 (gyeongmyeol) signifies a powerful emotion of contempt and scorn, where one perceives another person or thing as utterly worthless and beneath consideration. It's a deep-seated judgment of inferiority, not a fleeting annoyance.
- Contempt: A strong feeling of worthlessness and disdain.
- It's about judging someone as inferior and undeserving of respect.
- Used for profound negative judgments, not minor annoyances.
- Keywords: scorn, disdain, looking down on.
Mastering the 'gyeong' and 'myeol' sounds
Pay close attention to the nasal 'ng' sound in '경' (gyeong) and the 'y' glide in '멸' (myeol). Practice saying them slowly and clearly. Mimicking native speakers from audio resources can be very helpful.
Context is Key: When to use '경멸'
Remember that '경멸' is a strong word. Use it only when you truly mean to convey deep disdain and a judgment of worthlessness. Avoid using it for minor annoyances or simple disagreements, as it can sound overly dramatic or aggressive.
Visual Association for '경멸'
Imagine someone looking down from a very high place with a sneer at something tiny and insignificant below them. This visual helps connect the word with the concepts of superiority, disdain, and worthlessness.
Verb Forms and Feelings
Learn the verb form '경멸하다' (to scorn) and the noun '경멸감' (feeling of contempt). Understanding these variations will allow you to express the emotion more flexibly in sentences.
Example
그의 행동은 많은 사람들의 경멸을 샀다.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
More emotions words
받아들이다
A2To accept, to embrace, to take in.
아파하다
A2To feel pain or sorrow.
감탄스럽다
A2To be admirable or wonderful; to inspire awe.
감탄
A2Admiration or marvel; a feeling of wonder.
감탄하다
A2To admire or to marvel; to express wonder.
기특하다
B1Admirable for a good deed or thought; commendable.
충고
B1Guidance or recommendations offered with regard to prudent future action; advice.
애정
B1Affection; a gentle feeling of fondness or liking.
애틋하다
B2To be tender, fond, or wistful.
살갑다
B2To be warm, friendly, affectionate.
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