외면하다 in 30 Seconds
- 외면하다: To turn away from, to deliberately ignore.
- Meaning: Actively choosing not to see or acknowledge something/someone.
- Usage: Often implies discomfort, avoidance, or lack of empathy.
- Key idea: Intentional disregard or turning a blind eye.
The Korean verb '외면하다' (oemyeonhada) carries a powerful meaning that goes beyond simply not looking at something. It signifies a deliberate act of turning away, either physically or metaphorically, from a situation, a person, or a truth that one wishes to avoid or disregard. It implies a conscious decision to ignore or pretend not to see something, often because it is uncomfortable, unpleasant, or inconvenient.
Imagine witnessing a beggar on the street asking for help. If you avert your gaze and quickly walk past, you are '외면하다'ing the situation. In a more abstract sense, if a government is aware of a growing social problem but chooses to do nothing about it, they are '외면하다'ing the issue. It's about actively choosing not to engage with or acknowledge something that is present.
The word is particularly useful when describing situations where empathy or responsibility is expected but is consciously withheld. It can apply to personal relationships, societal issues, or even one's own internal struggles. When someone is faced with a difficult reality, and their instinct is to shut their eyes to it, '외면하다' perfectly captures that act of avoidance. It's a word that speaks to the human tendency to shy away from what is painful or challenging.
Consider a scenario where you know a friend is going through a tough time, but you avoid calling them because you don't want to get involved in their problems. This is another instance of '외면하다'. The core idea is a rejection of engagement, a turning of the back, both literally and figuratively. It's not just about not seeing; it's about choosing not to see, not to acknowledge, and not to act.
The nuance of '외면하다' lies in its intentionality. It's not an accidental oversight; it's a deliberate turning away. This can stem from fear, indifference, selfishness, or a desire to maintain one's own comfort. Understanding this verb allows for a deeper appreciation of how individuals and societies can choose to ignore difficult truths and the consequences that often follow such actions. It highlights a critical aspect of human behavior and ethical considerations.
- Literal Meaning
- To turn one's face away.
- Figurative Meaning
- To intentionally ignore, disregard, or turn a blind eye to something or someone.
- Emotional Connotation
- Often carries a negative connotation, implying a lack of empathy, responsibility, or courage.
그는 도움이 필요한 사람들을 외면하다 싶지 않았다. (He did not want to turn away from people in need.)
진실을 외면하다 것은 결국 자신을 속이는 것이다. (Turning a blind eye to the truth is ultimately deceiving oneself.)
사회는 어려운 문제들을 외면하다 안 된다. (Society must not turn away from difficult problems.)
Using '외면하다' correctly involves understanding its subject, object, and the context of avoidance. The subject is the person or entity that is doing the '외면하다'ing, and the object is what is being ignored or turned away from. The verb can be used in various grammatical structures, including its plain form, polite forms, and in conjunction with other grammatical elements.
A common structure is 'Subject + Object + 을/를 + 외면하다'. For instance, '나는 그 사실을 외면했다' (I turned away from that fact). Here, '나' (I) am the subject, and '그 사실' (that fact) is the object. The particle '을' connects the object to the verb.
The verb can also be used with implied subjects or objects when the context is clear. For example, if someone is asked why they didn't help, they might reply, '외면할 수 없었어요' (I couldn't turn away). In this case, the implied object is the situation or person needing help.
'외면하다' can also be used to describe a physical act of turning one's body away. '그는 나의 눈을 외면하고 방을 나갔다' (He turned away from my eyes and left the room). This emphasizes the literal action of not making eye contact.
Furthermore, it can be combined with auxiliary verbs or endings to express different nuances. For example, '외면하려 하다' means to try to turn away, indicating an effort to ignore something. '외면하지 말자' is a suggestion or plea not to ignore something.
When discussing societal issues, '외면하다' is frequently used. '정부는 빈곤 문제를 외면해서는 안 된다' (The government should not ignore the problem of poverty). This highlights a call for action and responsibility.
In personal relationships, it can describe emotional distance. '그녀는 그의 진심을 외면한 채 차갑게 대했다' (She treated him coldly, turning away from his sincerity). This illustrates the act of rejecting emotional connection.
Understanding these patterns will help you incorporate '외면하다' naturally into your Korean conversations and writing. Pay attention to the particles used and the overall context to grasp the full meaning.
- Basic Structure
- Subject + Object (을/를) + 외면하다
- With Auxiliary Verbs
- 외면하려 하다 (try to ignore), 외면하지 않다 (not ignore)
- Implied Subjects/Objects
- Context often clarifies who is ignoring what.
우리는 고통받는 이웃을 외면해서는 안 된다. (We should not turn away from our suffering neighbors.)
그는 자신의 잘못을 외면하려 애썼다. (He tried hard to ignore his own mistakes.)
어려운 현실을 외면하다 것은 용기가 없는 행동이다. (Ignoring a difficult reality is an act of cowardice.)
You'll encounter '외면하다' in a wide range of everyday conversations and media in Korea. It's a versatile verb that pops up in discussions about personal ethics, social responsibility, and even political commentary.
In news reports, you might hear journalists discussing how a government or a corporation chose to '외면하다' a pressing issue, such as environmental pollution or worker exploitation. For example, '환경 오염 문제를 정부가 계속 외면하고 있다는 비판이 나오고 있다' (Criticism is emerging that the government continues to turn a blind eye to the issue of environmental pollution).
In dramas and movies, characters might '외면하다' a difficult truth about their family, their past, or their own flaws. A character might say, '저는 더 이상 이 비극을 외면할 수 없습니다' (I can no longer turn away from this tragedy), signifying a turning point where they decide to confront the reality.
Casual conversations among friends can also feature this word. If someone is avoiding a sensitive topic, a friend might remark, '그렇게 어려운 이야기를 외면하지 마' (Don't ignore such a difficult story). It's used to encourage openness and honesty.
Public service announcements or social campaigns often implore people not to '외면하다' those in need. You might see posters or hear slogans like '어려운 이웃을 외면하지 맙시다' (Let's not turn away from our neighbors in need).
Even in literature, '외면하다' is a common verb used to describe characters grappling with their conscience or societal pressures. It's a word that resonates with the human experience of confronting or avoiding difficult truths.
The term is also employed in discussions about historical events, where it might refer to a nation's or a generation's decision to ignore or downplay past atrocities or injustices. For instance, '과거의 잘못을 외면하는 것은 미래를 위한 교훈을 잊는 것이다' (Ignoring the mistakes of the past is forgetting the lessons for the future).
You'll also hear it in more personal contexts, such as when someone is trying to ignore their own feelings of guilt or regret. '자신의 죄책감을 외면하려 했지만, 결국 그것은 더 커져만 갔다' (He tried to ignore his guilt, but in the end, it only grew larger).
Essentially, any situation where someone is consciously choosing to ignore, disregard, or turn away from something that requires their attention or acknowledgment is a place where '외면하다' can be heard.
뉴스에서는 늘 사회 문제를 외면하다는 비판이 나온다. (In the news, there is always criticism that social problems are being ignored.)
드라마 주인공은 결국 자신의 과거를 외면하다 못하고 진실을 마주했다. (The drama protagonist, unable to ignore their past any longer, finally faced the truth.)
친구는 어려운 질문에 대해 외면하다는 듯한 표정을 지었다. (My friend made a face as if to ignore the difficult question.)
One common mistake learners make is confusing '외면하다' with simply 'not looking' or 'ignoring' without the intentionality. While 'not looking' can be part of '외면하다', the core of the word lies in the deliberate choice to turn away or disregard.
For instance, mistaking '외면하다' for '못 보다' (cannot see) or '안 보다' (not see) can lead to incorrect usage. '못 보다' implies inability, while '안 보다' can be neutral. '외면하다' carries the weight of conscious decision.
Another pitfall is improper particle usage. Remember that the object being ignored is typically followed by the object particle '을' or '를'. Forgetting this particle or using the wrong one can make sentences sound unnatural or grammatically incorrect.
Some learners might also use '외면하다' in situations where '무시하다' (to ignore, to disregard, often in a more dismissive way) might be more appropriate. While there's overlap, '외면하다' specifically implies turning away physically or metaphorically, whereas '무시하다' can be a more direct act of disrespect or dismissal without necessarily turning away.
For example, if someone is talking to you and you deliberately don't respond or acknowledge them, you are '무시하다'ing them. If you physically turn your head away from them and pretend you don't hear them, you are '외면하다'ing them. The distinction is subtle but important.
Another common error is the overuse of the verb in situations that don't involve a conscious act of turning away. If you simply missed something or didn't notice it, '외면하다' is not the correct word. It requires an element of willful avoidance.
Finally, ensure you are using the correct verb conjugation for the context. While the base form '외면하다' is understood, using appropriate polite endings like '-어요/아요' or '-ㅂ니다/습니다' is crucial for natural communication.
To avoid these mistakes, always consider the intentionality behind the action. Is the person actively choosing to ignore something? Are they physically turning away? Does the situation call for a deliberate act of disregard rather than simple inattention?
- Confusing with '못 보다'/'안 보다'
- '외면하다' implies intentionality, unlike simply not seeing.
- Particle Errors
- Always use object particles '을/를' with the thing being ignored.
- Confusing with '무시하다'
- '외면하다' often involves physical turning away, while '무시하다' is more direct dismissal.
Incorrect: 나는 그 소식을 안 봤어요. (I didn't see the news.)
Correct: 나는 그 소식을 외면하다. (I turned away from the news.)
Incorrect: 그는 사실을 못했다. (He couldn't the fact.)
Correct: 그는 사실을 외면하다. (He turned away from the fact.)
While '외면하다' is a specific verb for turning away or intentionally ignoring, several other Korean words convey similar meanings with subtle differences in nuance and usage. Understanding these alternatives will enrich your vocabulary and allow for more precise expression.
무시하다 (musihada): This is perhaps the closest synonym. '무시하다' means to ignore, disregard, or pay no attention to something or someone. It often implies a more direct or dismissive form of ignoring, perhaps even showing contempt. While '외면하다' can involve a physical turning away, '무시하다' can be done without any physical movement, simply by not acknowledging what is present. For example, '그는 내 말을 무시했다' (He ignored my words).
못 본 척하다 (mot bon cheokhada): This phrase literally translates to 'pretend not to see.' It emphasizes the act of feigning ignorance or unawareness. It's very similar to '외면하다' in its intention to avoid dealing with something, but it specifically highlights the pretense of not having seen it. For instance, '나는 그의 부탁을 못 본 척했다' (I pretended not to see his request).
회피하다 (hoepihada): This verb means to evade, avoid, or shun. It's broader than '외면하다' and can refer to avoiding situations, responsibilities, or even people. While '외면하다' is about turning away from something specific, '회피하다' can be a more general strategy of staying away from anything perceived as difficult or unpleasant. For example, '그는 어려운 대화를 회피했다' (He avoided difficult conversations).
간과하다 (gangwahada): This term means to overlook, neglect, or fail to notice. It often implies an oversight due to carelessness or lack of attention, rather than a deliberate act of turning away. However, in some contexts, it can be used when something important is intentionally overlooked. For example, '그는 중요한 사실을 간과했다' (He overlooked an important fact).
모른 척하다 (moreun cheokhada): Similar to '못 본 척하다', this phrase means 'to pretend not to know.' It focuses on feigning ignorance about a piece of information or a situation. If you know something but act as if you don't, you are '모른 척하다'. For example, '그녀는 사고 사실을 모른 척했다' (She pretended not to know about the accident).
When choosing between these words, consider the specific nuance you want to convey: the physical act of turning away ('외면하다'), the dismissive disregard ('무시하다'), the pretense of not seeing ('못 본 척하다'), the general avoidance ('회피하다'), the oversight ('간과하다'), or the pretense of not knowing ('모른 척하다').
- 외면하다 vs. 무시하다
- '외면하다' often implies a physical turning away, while '무시하다' is a more general disregard, sometimes dismissive.
- 외면하다 vs. 못 본 척하다
- '못 본 척하다' specifically emphasizes the pretense of not having seen something.
- 외면하다 vs. 회피하다
- '회피하다' is broader, referring to general evasion, while '외면하다' is more specific to turning away from something present.
나는 그의 요청을 외면하다 대신, 직접적으로 거절했다. (Instead of turning away from his request, I directly refused it.)
그는 비난을 무시하다 듯이 행동했다. (He acted as if he was ignoring the criticism.)
어려운 상황을 회피하다 대신, 정면으로 맞서기로 했다. (Instead of evading the difficult situation, I decided to face it head-on.)
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
The concept of 'turning one's face away' is a common metaphor across many languages to express avoidance or disregard. However, the Korean '외면하다' specifically uses the word for 'face' (면) to emphasize the physical act of averting one's gaze, which then extends to the figurative meaning of intentional ignorance.
Pronunciation Guide
- Mispronouncing the initial '외' (oe) sound, often confusing it with '위' (wi) or '애' (ae).
- Not clearly articulating the 'm' sound in '면' (myeon).
- Treating the verb ending '하다' (hada) as a single unit rather than two distinct syllables.
- Incorrectly placing stress on later syllables.
- Confusing the vowel sounds within the syllables.
Difficulty Rating
This verb is frequently used in contexts discussing social issues, ethics, and personal struggles, requiring a good understanding of nuance and abstract concepts. Readers need to grasp the intentionality behind the action.
Accurate usage requires careful attention to context, the object being ignored, and the subtle differences with similar verbs like '무시하다'. Mastering its usage adds depth to writing.
Using '외면하다' correctly in conversation demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of Korean, particularly when discussing complex emotions or societal matters.
Understanding '외면하다' in spoken Korean is crucial for comprehending dialogues related to ethical dilemmas, personal conflicts, and social criticism.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Object Particles (을/를)
The object of the verb '외면하다' (what is being ignored) is typically marked with the particle '을' (after a consonant) or '를' (after a vowel). Example: 나는 그 사실을 외면했다. (I ignored that fact.)
Verb Conjugation (Past Tense)
To say 'ignored' in the past tense, you conjugate '외면하다' to '외면했다' (non-polite) or '외면했어요' (polite). Example: 그는 나를 외면했어요. (He ignored me.)
Expressing Attempts (-(으)려 하다)
To say 'try to ignore,' add '-(으)려 하다' to the verb stem. Example: 그는 자신의 실수를 외면하려 했다. (He tried to ignore his mistake.)
Conditional Sentences (-(으)면)
To express 'if you ignore,' add '-(으)면' to the verb stem. Example: 진실을 외면하면 문제가 커진다. (If you ignore the truth, the problem grows.)
Negative Imperatives (-(으)지 마세요)
To say 'don't ignore,' use '-(으)지 마세요'. Example: 어려운 사람들을 외면하지 마세요. (Don't ignore people in difficulty.)
Examples by Level
아이가 울고 있었지만, 엄마는 외면했다.
The child was crying, but the mother turned away.
Simple past tense of 외면하다.
저는 그 이야기를 듣고 싶지 않아 외면했어요.
I didn't want to hear that story, so I turned away.
Expressing a reason for turning away.
강아지가 쳐다봤지만, 그는 외면했다.
The dog looked at him, but he turned away.
Simple past tense with a contrasting subject.
아픈 친구를 외면하지 마세요.
Don't turn away from a sick friend.
Negative imperative form.
그는 슬픈 영화를 보고 외면했다.
He watched the sad movie and then turned away.
Sequence of actions.
어려운 문제를 외면하는 것은 좋지 않아요.
It's not good to ignore difficult problems.
Using the gerund form as a subject.
그는 나를 보지 않고 외면했다.
He didn't look at me and turned away.
Describing the manner of turning away.
솔직한 말을 외면하고 싶었다.
I wanted to turn away from the honest words.
Expressing desire to avoid.
그는 자신의 실수를 외면하려 했지만, 결국 인정했다.
He tried to ignore his mistake, but eventually admitted it.
Expressing an attempt to ignore.
사회는 고통받는 사람들을 외면해서는 안 됩니다.
Society should not turn away from people who are suffering.
Expressing a societal obligation (negative).
진실을 외면하면 더 큰 문제가 생길 수 있습니다.
If you ignore the truth, bigger problems can arise.
Conditional sentence structure.
그녀는 그의 간절한 부탁을 외면하는 것이 어려웠다.
It was difficult for her to turn away from his earnest plea.
Expressing difficulty in ignoring.
아이들은 어려운 현실을 외면하고 싶어 한다.
Children want to turn away from difficult realities.
Expressing a desire to avoid.
과거의 잘못을 외면하는 것은 미래를 위한 교훈을 잊는 것이다.
Ignoring the mistakes of the past is forgetting the lessons for the future.
Using the gerund form as a subject, explaining consequences.
그는 괴로운 기억을 외면하기 위해 술을 마셨다.
He drank alcohol to try to ignore his painful memories.
Expressing purpose for an action.
우리는 불의를 외면하고 침묵해서는 안 된다.
We should not ignore injustice and remain silent.
Expressing a moral imperative.
정부는 환경 문제를 외면한다는 비판을 받고 있다.
The government is receiving criticism for ignoring environmental issues.
Passive voice and ongoing criticism.
그는 자신의 감정을 외면하려 애썼지만, 결국 눈물을 보였다.
He tried hard to ignore his emotions, but eventually showed tears.
Emphasizing effort and eventual outcome.
우리는 진실을 외면하는 대신, 용감하게 마주해야 한다.
Instead of turning away from the truth, we must bravely face it.
Using 'instead of' structure.
그녀는 자신에게 닥친 어려움을 외면하고 현실 도피를 택했다.
She ignored the difficulties facing her and chose escapism.
Describing a choice made due to avoidance.
외면하려 할수록, 그 문제는 더욱 복잡해졌다.
The more I tried to ignore it, the more complicated the problem became.
Using the 'the more... the more' structure.
그는 동정심을 외면하고 냉정하게 판결을 내렸다.
He ignored his sympathy and made a cold judgment.
Contrasting emotions with actions.
어린 시절의 트라우마를 외면하는 것은 건강한 삶을 방해한다.
Ignoring childhood trauma hinders a healthy life.
Using the gerund as a subject, explaining negative impact.
사회 지도층은 소외된 계층의 목소리를 외면해서는 안 된다.
The leadership of society should not turn a blind eye to the voices of the marginalized.
Expressing responsibility of leadership.
역사적 사실을 외면하려는 시도는 결국 실패로 돌아갈 것이다.
Attempts to ignore historical facts will eventually end in failure.
Using '시도' (attempt) and future prediction.
그는 자신의 내면적 갈등을 외면한 채, 겉으로는 강한 척했다.
He pretended to be strong on the outside, while ignoring his inner conflict.
Contrasting inner and outer states.
환경 파괴의 심각성을 외면하는 것은 미래 세대에 대한 범죄이다.
Ignoring the severity of environmental destruction is a crime against future generations.
Strong statement of consequence.
정치인들은 유권자들의 불만을 외면하고 자신들의 이익만을 추구했다.
Politicians ignored the voters' dissatisfaction and pursued only their own interests.
Describing political behavior.
외면하려 했던 기억들이 꿈속에서 계속 나타나 그를 괴롭혔다.
The memories he tried to ignore kept appearing in his dreams and tormented him.
Past tense, describing recurring torment.
과학 기술의 발달 속에서 인간적인 가치를 외면하는 것은 경계해야 할 일이다.
It is something to be wary of to ignore human values amidst the development of science and technology.
Expressing a warning about societal trends.
그는 고통받는 사람들을 외면하는 자신의 모습에 깊은 죄책감을 느꼈다.
He felt deep guilt about himself ignoring the suffering people.
Reflecting on one's own actions.
문학은 종종 사회가 외면하려는 진실을 드러내는 역할을 한다.
Literature often plays a role in revealing truths that society tries to ignore.
Describing the function of literature.
국제 사회는 난민 문제에 대한 인도주의적 책임을 외면하려는 유혹에 빠지기 쉽다.
The international community is easily tempted to turn away from its humanitarian responsibility towards the refugee crisis.
Discussing complex international issues and ethical dilemmas.
그는 자신의 무능함을 외면하기 위해 끊임없이 외부의 탓을 했다.
He constantly blamed external factors to ignore his own incompetence.
Analyzing a psychological coping mechanism.
문화적 편견을 외면하는 것은 진정한 상호 이해를 가로막는 가장 큰 장애물이다.
Ignoring cultural biases is the biggest obstacle to genuine mutual understanding.
Discussing abstract concepts like bias and understanding.
개인의 안위를 위해 공동체의 고통을 외면하는 것은 비겁한 행위로 간주될 수 있다.
Ignoring the suffering of the community for the sake of individual well-being can be considered a cowardly act.
Ethical judgment and social commentary.
역사의 어두운 단면을 외면하려는 시도는 결국 더 큰 비극을 초래할 수 있다.
Attempts to turn away from the dark aspects of history can ultimately lead to greater tragedy.
Forecasting dire consequences of denial.
그는 자신의 양심의 가책을 외면하려 했지만, 그 죄책감은 그의 삶을 잠식해 들어갔다.
He tried to ignore the pangs of his conscience, but the guilt ate away at his life.
Describing the insidious nature of guilt.
기술 발전의 이면에 숨겨진 윤리적 문제를 외면하는 것은 근시안적인 태도이다.
Ignoring the ethical issues hidden behind technological advancements is a short-sighted attitude.
Critiquing a limited perspective.
개인의 행복을 위해 사회적 정의를 외면하는 것은 결국 자신을 속이는 것이다.
Ignoring social justice for personal happiness is ultimately deceiving oneself.
Philosophical statement on self-deception.
집단적 무의식 속에 각인된 과거의 트라우마를 외면하려는 경향은 인류에게 내재된 숙명과도 같다.
The tendency to ignore past traumas imprinted in the collective unconscious is like an inherent destiny for humanity.
Discussing deep psychological and anthropological concepts.
권력은 종종 그 정당성을 유지하기 위해 사회의 부조리를 외면하는 선택을 한다.
Power often chooses to turn away from societal absurdities to maintain its legitimacy.
Analyzing the dynamics of power and governance.
진정한 자기 성찰은 자신이 외면하려 했던 진실과 직면하는 용기에서 비롯된다.
True self-reflection stems from the courage to confront the truths one tries to ignore.
Defining abstract concepts like self-reflection and courage.
인류가 당면한 전 지구적 위기를 외면하는 것은 공멸을 자초하는 행위이다.
Ignoring the global crises humanity faces is an act of inviting mutual destruction.
Discussing existential threats and collective responsibility.
개인의 윤리적 책무는 사회가 외면하려는 불편한 진실과도 기꺼이 대면할 때 비로소 완성된다.
An individual's ethical duty is only completed when they willingly confront the uncomfortable truths society tries to ignore.
Defining the completion of ethical responsibility.
그는 자신의 존재론적 불안감을 외면하기 위해 예술이라는 허구의 세계에 몰두했다.
He immersed himself in the fictional world of art to ignore his existential anxiety.
Exploring complex psychological motivations.
역사의 진실을 외면하는 국가의 미래는 필연적으로 불안정할 수밖에 없다.
The future of a nation that ignores the truth of its history is inevitably bound to be unstable.
Consequences of historical denial on a national level.
인간은 종종 자신에게 불리한 사실들을 외면하는 합리화의 달인이다.
Humans are often masters of rationalization, ignoring facts that are disadvantageous to them.
Characterizing a common human psychological trait.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— To not want to turn away from something/someone; to want to face it.
나는 더 이상 이 문제를 외면하고 싶지 않다.
— Don't turn away; don't ignore.
어려운 이웃을 외면하지 맙시다.
— To try to ignore or turn away from.
그는 자신의 실수를 외면하려 애썼다.
— Cannot turn away; cannot ignore.
이 비극적인 현실을 외면할 수 없었다.
— To receive criticism for ignoring or turning away from something.
정부는 환경 문제를 외면한다는 비판을 받았다.
— To live while ignoring or turning away from something.
그는 평생 자신의 과거를 외면하고 살았다.
— While turning away; ignoring.
그는 내 눈을 외면한 채 말을 이었다.
— A truth that cannot be ignored.
그것은 외면할 수 없는 진실이었다.
— An attitude of turning away or ignoring.
그의 외면하는 태도가 나를 화나게 했다.
— Ignoring something is...
외면하는 것은 문제를 해결하는 방법이 아니다.
Often Confused With
'무시하다' means to ignore or disregard, often in a more dismissive way. While both involve not paying attention, '외면하다' often implies a physical turning away or a more conscious effort to avoid looking.
This phrase means 'to pretend not to see.' It's similar to '외면하다' in its intent to avoid, but specifically highlights the act of feigning ignorance of having seen something.
'회피하다' means to evade or avoid in a broader sense, such as avoiding situations or responsibilities. '외면하다' is more specific to turning away from something present.
Idioms & Expressions
— Literally 'to close one's eyes.' Used idiomatically to mean to deliberately overlook or pretend not to see something, especially something wrong or illegal, often implying complicity or indifference.
그는 회사의 비리를 알고 있었지만, 자신의 안위를 위해 눈을 감았다.
Idiomatic— Literally 'to turn one's back.' Used metaphorically to mean to abandon, desert, or turn away from someone or something, especially during a time of need.
어려운 시기에 친구에게 등을 돌리는 것은 비겁한 행동이다.
Idiomatic— The base verb itself is often used metaphorically to mean turning a blind eye to reality or a problem.
사회는 빈곤 문제를 외면해서는 안 된다.
Neutral— To pretend not to see. This idiom emphasizes the act of feigning ignorance or unawareness.
그는 내가 자신을 부르는 것을 못 본 척하고 지나갔다.
Informal— To pretend not to know. Similar to '못 본 척하다' but focuses on feigning ignorance of information.
그녀는 사고 소식을 모른 척하며 태연하게 행동했다.
Informal— Literally 'to turn one's head.' Can be used to signify turning away from something unpleasant or avoiding eye contact.
그는 차마 그 끔찍한 광경을 보지 못하고 고개를 돌렸다.
Neutral— To disappear into being ignored or unseen; to fade away due to lack of attention.
그의 노력은 결국 아무도 알아주지 않고 외면 속으로 사라졌다.
Figurative— A face that turns away; a look of avoidance or indifference.
그녀의 외면하는 얼굴에서 나는 더 이상 희망을 찾을 수 없었다.
Figurative— A wall of avoidance; a barrier created by ignoring something.
그의 끊임없는 외면의 벽 때문에 우리는 가까워질 수 없었다.
Figurative— A swamp of denial; a state of being trapped by ignoring reality.
그는 외면의 늪에 빠져 현실을 직시하지 못했다.
FigurativeEasily Confused
Both verbs involve ignoring or not paying attention to something.
'외면하다' often involves a physical act of turning away or averting one's gaze, emphasizing a deliberate choice to not see. '무시하다' is a more general term for disregarding or paying no attention, and can be done without any physical movement. '외면하다' can imply a deeper emotional avoidance, while '무시하다' can sometimes suggest disrespect or contempt.
그는 내 말을 듣지 않고 외면했다. (He turned away from my words without listening.) vs. 그는 내 말을 무시했다. (He ignored my words.)
Both imply a deliberate avoidance of acknowledging something.
'외면하다' is the act of turning away or ignoring. '못 본 척하다' specifically means to pretend not to have seen something. It focuses on the act of feigning ignorance about having witnessed something. '외면하다' can be broader and include ignoring sounds or feelings, not just sights.
그는 어려운 현실을 외면했다. (He ignored the difficult reality.) vs. 그는 그 광경을 못 본 척했다. (He pretended not to see that sight.)
Both verbs relate to avoiding something unpleasant.
'외면하다' is primarily about turning away from something that is present or visible. '회피하다' is a more general term for evading, shunning, or avoiding, which can apply to situations, responsibilities, or abstract concepts, not necessarily something directly in front of you. You might '회피하다' a difficult conversation, but you '외면하다' the person you are having it with.
그는 책임을 외면했다. (He turned away from responsibility - implying ignoring its presence.) vs. 그는 책임을 회피했다. (He evaded responsibility - implying actively trying to get out of it.)
Both can result in something being overlooked.
'외면하다' implies a conscious and often willful act of turning away or ignoring. '간과하다' means to overlook, neglect, or fail to notice, often due to oversight, carelessness, or lack of attention. While one *could* '간과하다' something intentionally, '외면하다' specifically highlights the deliberate choice to ignore.
그는 실수를 외면했다. (He deliberately ignored his mistake.) vs. 그는 실수를 간과했다. (He overlooked his mistake - perhaps unintentionally.)
Both involve feigning ignorance or lack of awareness.
'외면하다' is about turning away or ignoring something that is present or known. '모른 척하다' specifically means to pretend not to know something. If you know a fact but act as if you don't, you are '모른 척하다'. If you see or hear something but choose to ignore it, you are '외면하다'.
그는 사고 소식을 외면했다. (He ignored the news of the accident - perhaps by not reading it.) vs. 그는 사고 소식을 모른 척했다. (He pretended not to know about the accident.)
Sentence Patterns
Subject + Object (을/를) + 외면하다.
아이는 엄마를 외면했다.
Object (을/를) + 외면하다 + -고 싶다.
나는 그 이야기를 외면하고 싶었다.
Subject + Object (을/를) + 외면하려 하다.
그는 자신의 실수를 외면하려 했다.
외면하다 + -(으)면
문제를 외면하면 더 큰 문제가 생긴다.
Subject + Object (을/를) + 외면하다 + -는 대신
현실을 외면하는 대신, 용감하게 맞서자.
Subject + Object (을/를) + 외면하다 + -는 것
진실을 외면하는 것은 옳지 않다.
Subject + Object (을/를) + 외면하다 + -기 어렵다
그는 고통받는 사람들을 외면하기 어려웠다.
Subject + Object (을/를) + 외면하다 + -는 태도
그의 외면하는 태도가 나를 실망시켰다.
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Related
How to Use It
High
-
Using '외면하다' when something is simply not seen or noticed.
→
Use '못 보다' (cannot see) or '안 보다' (not see) for unintentional lack of perception.
'외면하다' implies a conscious choice to ignore or turn away. If you simply missed something, it wasn't an act of '외면하다'. For example, '나는 그 표지판을 못 봤다.' (I didn't see that sign.) is different from '나는 그 사실을 외면했다.' (I deliberately ignored that fact.)
-
Confusing '외면하다' with '무시하다' in all contexts.
→
Use '외면하다' when there's a physical turning away or a strong emotional avoidance. Use '무시하다' for general disregard or dismissal.
While both mean to ignore, '외면하다' often has a visual or physical component of turning away, while '무시하다' can be a more direct dismissal without necessarily turning one's back. For example, '그는 나를 외면했다.' (He turned away from me.) vs. '그는 내 말을 무시했다.' (He ignored my words.)
-
Forgetting the object particle '을/를'.
→
Always attach '을' or '를' to the noun that is being ignored. Example: '나는 그 사실을 외면했다.'
The object particle is crucial for grammatical correctness and clarity. Without it, the sentence structure is incomplete and can lead to misunderstanding. For example, '나는 사실 외면했다' is grammatically incorrect.
-
Using '외면하다' when the meaning is 'to pretend not to know'.
→
Use '모른 척하다' for pretending not to know.
'외면하다' is about ignoring something present or known. '모른 척하다' specifically means to act as if you are unaware of something. For example, '그녀는 사고 소식을 외면했다.' (She ignored the news of the accident.) vs. '그녀는 사고 소식을 모른 척했다.' (She pretended not to know about the accident.)
-
Using '외면하다' for general avoidance of situations.
→
Use '회피하다' for general avoidance of situations or responsibilities.
'외면하다' typically refers to turning away from something directly present or visible. '회피하다' is a broader term for evading or shunning, which can apply to abstract situations or responsibilities. For example, '그는 어려운 대화를 외면했다.' (He turned away from the difficult conversation - implies avoiding facing it directly.) vs. '그는 어려운 대화를 회피했다.' (He avoided the difficult conversation - implies actively trying to get out of it.)
Tips
Intentionality is Key
Remember that '외면하다' emphasizes a conscious decision to ignore or turn away. It's not just about not seeing something, but actively choosing not to acknowledge it. This intentionality is crucial for correct usage.
Object Particles
Always pay attention to the object particles '을/를' when using '외면하다'. They correctly mark what is being ignored or turned away from. For instance, '사실을 외면하다' (ignore the fact).
Social and Ethical Implications
This verb is frequently used in discussions about social responsibility, ethics, and moral failings. Using it correctly can add significant weight to your arguments or descriptions of situations.
Distinguish from '무시하다'
While similar, '외면하다' often implies a physical turning away, whereas '무시하다' is a more general disregard. Consider if the action involves averting one's gaze for a more precise choice.
Visualize the Action
Picture someone literally turning their face away from something they don't want to see. This visual can help you remember the core meaning and usage of '외면하다'.
Mind the Vowels
Pay close attention to the vowel sounds, especially the initial '외' (oe) sound, which can be tricky for learners. Practice saying '외면하다' clearly and deliberately.
Conveying Emotion
Using '외면하다' can convey a sense of discomfort, avoidance, lack of empathy, or even cowardice, depending on the context. Choose it when you want to express these specific emotional undertones.
Sentence Creation
Write your own sentences using '외면하다' in different contexts (social issues, personal feelings, abstract concepts). This active practice will solidify your understanding.
Societal Expectations
Be aware that in Korean culture, deliberately '외면하다'ing problems or people in need is often viewed negatively, implying a lack of civic duty or compassion.
Figurative Language
Explore how '외면하다' is used metaphorically in literature and news to describe societal trends or character psychology, such as '역사를 외면하다' (to ignore history).
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine someone literally turning their face away from a really ugly monster. They are '외' (away) from the '면' (face) of the monster. So, '외면하다' is turning your face away.
Visual Association
Picture a person physically turning their head away from a crying child or a difficult situation. The action of turning the head represents '외면하다'.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to find three instances in Korean media (news, dramas, movies) where the verb '외면하다' is used. Write down the sentences and explain why the characters or entities are '외면하다'ing the situation.
Word Origin
The word '외면하다' is composed of two parts: '외' (oe) meaning 'outside' or 'away,' and '면' (myeon) meaning 'face.' Together, '외면' literally translates to 'turning the face away.' The verb ending '-하다' (-hada) is added to form the verb.
Original meaning: To turn one's face away from something.
KoreanicCultural Context
The term '외면하다' can be sensitive as it implies a deliberate choice to disregard or neglect, which can be seen as morally wrong or lacking in empathy. When discussing situations involving suffering or injustice, using this word requires careful consideration of the context and the potential impact on the listener or reader.
In English-speaking cultures, phrases like 'turn a blind eye,' 'look the other way,' or 'bury one's head in the sand' convey similar meanings of intentional avoidance. However, '외면하다' often has a stronger implication of physically turning one's face away, making the act of ignoring more visually apparent.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Social Issues and Ethics
- 사회 문제를 외면하다
- 불의를 외면하다
- 고통받는 이웃을 외면하다
- 환경 파괴를 외면하다
Personal Relationships and Emotions
- 그의 진심을 외면하다
- 나를 외면하다
- 슬픔을 외면하다
- 과거를 외면하다
Facing Difficult Truths
- 진실을 외면하다
- 현실을 외면하다
- 자신의 잘못을 외면하다
- 외면할 수 없는 사실
Political and Governmental Actions
- 국민의 목소리를 외면하다
- 문제를 외면한다는 비판
- 요구를 외면하다
Psychological Avoidance
- 괴로운 기억을 외면하다
- 외면하려 애쓰다
- 외면하는 태도
Conversation Starters
"Have you ever seen someone '외면하다' a situation, and what was your reaction?"
"When is it okay to '외면하다' something, and when is it not?"
"Can you think of a time you wanted to '외면하다' a difficult truth, but chose not to?"
"How does society '외면하다' certain problems, and what are the consequences?"
"What's the difference between '외면하다' and simply 'not noticing' something?"
Journal Prompts
Describe a situation where you felt compelled to '외면하다' something, and what happened as a result.
Reflect on a time you witnessed someone else '외면하다'ing a problem. What did you learn from that experience?
Write a short story where a character tries to '외면하다' their past, but ultimately has to confront it.
Consider a societal issue that you believe is being '외면하다'ed. What are the reasons for this avoidance, and what can be done about it?
How can practicing empathy help us avoid '외면하다'ing the needs of others?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsThe most literal meaning of '외면하다' is 'to turn one's face away.' It describes the physical action of averting one's gaze or turning one's body away from something or someone.
Figuratively, '외면하다' means to intentionally ignore, disregard, or turn a blind eye to a fact, reality, problem, or person in need. It implies a conscious decision to avoid dealing with something uncomfortable or unpleasant.
'외면하다' often involves a physical act of turning away or averting one's gaze, emphasizing a deliberate choice to not see. '무시하다' is a more general term for disregarding or paying no attention, and can be done without any physical movement. '외면하다' can imply a deeper emotional avoidance, while '무시하다' can sometimes suggest disrespect or contempt. For example, '그는 내 말을 외면했다' (He turned away from my words) vs. '그는 내 말을 무시했다' (He ignored my words).
Yes, absolutely. '외면하다' is very commonly used with abstract concepts like '진실' (truth), '현실' (reality), '문제' (problem), and '고통' (pain) to describe the act of intentionally ignoring them. For example, '진실을 외면하다' (to ignore the truth).
The opposite of '외면하다' (to turn away/ignore) is typically '직시하다' (jiksideha - to face directly, to confront) or '마주하다' (majuhada - to face, to encounter). Other related antonyms include '인정하다' (injeonghada - to admit, acknowledge) and '관심을 가지다' (gwansimeul gajida - to pay attention to, to be interested in).
Generally, '외면하다' carries a negative connotation because it implies a deliberate choice to avoid something that might require attention, empathy, or responsibility. However, in very specific contexts, one might '외면하다' something for self-preservation or mental well-being, though this is less common and often still viewed critically.
'외면하다' is a regular verb. You conjugate it like other '-하다' verbs. For example: 외면해요 (polite present), 외면했어요 (polite past), 외면할 거예요 (polite future), 외면했다 (plain past), 외면하지 않다 (negative present).
Yes, common phrases include '외면하지 말다' (don't ignore), '외면하려 하다' (try to ignore), and '외면할 수 없다' (cannot ignore). You'll also hear '외면하다는 비판을 받다' (receive criticism for ignoring).
The noun form is '외면' (oemyeon), which means 'turning away,' 'avoidance,' or 'ignoring.'
Yes, '외면하다' can be used to describe ignoring a person, especially when it involves physically turning away from them or deliberately not acknowledging their presence or needs. For example, '그는 나를 외면했다' (He ignored me/turned away from me).
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Summary
The Korean verb '외면하다' signifies a deliberate act of turning away, either physically or metaphorically, from something or someone. It's about choosing to ignore, disregard, or turn a blind eye to a situation, truth, or person in need, often due to discomfort, avoidance, or a lack of empathy. It's more than just not seeing; it's a conscious decision not to engage.
- 외면하다: To turn away from, to deliberately ignore.
- Meaning: Actively choosing not to see or acknowledge something/someone.
- Usage: Often implies discomfort, avoidance, or lack of empathy.
- Key idea: Intentional disregard or turning a blind eye.
Intentionality is Key
Remember that '외면하다' emphasizes a conscious decision to ignore or turn away. It's not just about not seeing something, but actively choosing not to acknowledge it. This intentionality is crucial for correct usage.
Object Particles
Always pay attention to the object particles '을/를' when using '외면하다'. They correctly mark what is being ignored or turned away from. For instance, '사실을 외면하다' (ignore the fact).
Social and Ethical Implications
This verb is frequently used in discussions about social responsibility, ethics, and moral failings. Using it correctly can add significant weight to your arguments or descriptions of situations.
Distinguish from '무시하다'
While similar, '외면하다' often implies a physical turning away, whereas '무시하다' is a more general disregard. Consider if the action involves averting one's gaze for a more precise choice.
Example
우리는 사회적 약자의 고통을 외면해서는 안 된다.
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