Spanish Voseo Commands: 'cantá' and 'no cantés'
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Voseo commands replace standard 'tú' forms with a distinct accent-shifted form, crucial for sounding natural in Argentina, Uruguay, and parts of Central America.
- Affirmative: Drop the 'r' from the infinitive and add an accent to the final vowel (e.g., 'cantar' -> 'cantá').
- Negative: Use the 'tú' subjunctive form but keep the 'vos' pronoun if needed (e.g., 'no cantes').
- Irregulars: Most irregulars follow the 'tú' form, but 'ir' becomes 'andá' (affirmative).
Overview
At the C2 level, achieving linguistic mastery requires moving beyond standardized textbook forms to embrace the rich, regional variations that define authentic communication. The use of vos instead of tú for the second-person singular pronoun, a phenomenon known as voseo, is central to the identity of over 40% of the Spanish-speaking world. While its use in the present indicative (vos tenés vs.
tú tienes) is a key marker, the voseo imperative, or command form, is arguably its most distinct and structurally significant feature. Using commands like cantá and no cantés correctly is not merely a regional quirk; it is a direct signal of deep sociolinguistic competence and integration into the cultural fabric of vast areas, including Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and much of Central America.
For the advanced learner, voseo is not an optional dialectal footnote. It is the default, unmarked form for informal address in these regions. Failure to use it can create unintended social distance, marking you as an outsider.
Mastering voseo commands means understanding their unique morphology, their historical origins, and the specific social contexts that demand their use. This guide provides a comprehensive breakdown of the formation, usage, and nuances of voseo imperatives, enabling you to use them with the precision and confidence of a native speaker.
How This Grammar Works
vosotros imperative, which was used in Golden Age Spanish for both singular and plural formal address. As tú became the dominant informal pronoun in Spain and some parts of the Americas, vos was retained in other regions and eventually shifted from a formal to an informal pronoun.vosotros, but underwent a natural phonological simplification.vosotros command. For example, the command for cantar was cantad. Over time, the final -d was elided (dropped) in American Spanish.cantá, with the stress naturally remaining on the final 'a'. This process is remarkably consistent and explains why voseo commands carry a terminal accent. The accent is not decorative; it is the historical stress of the original form.-d Elision | Modern Voseo Command |hablar | hablad | habla(d) | hablá |comer | comed | come(d) | comé |vivir | vivid | vivi(d) | viví |vosotros subjunctive. The present subjunctive for vosotros ends in -áis, -éis, or -ís. In voseo regions, the diphthong in the ending was simplified by dropping the -i-.-éis -> -és, -áis -> -ás) gives rise to the characteristic no cantés, no comás. While many voseo speakers colloquially use the tú subjunctive (no cantes), the no cantés form is the grammatically pure, or "Type 1" voseo, and is prevalent in Central America and formal Rioplatense Spanish. Understanding this historical path is crucial—it clarifies that voseo is not an arbitrary deviation, but a regular, rule-based evolution of the language.Formation Pattern
tú counterparts, particularly regarding irregular verbs and stem changes.
-r from the infinitive and add an acute accent to the final vowel.
caminar | camin(ar) + á | caminá (Walk) |
correr | corr(er) + é | corré (Run) |
escribir | escrib(ir) + í | escribí (Write) |
tú command. Most become completely regular.
tú Command | Regular Voseo Command |
decir | di | decí |
hacer | haz | hacé |
poner | pon | poné |
salir | sal | salí |
tener | ten | tené |
venir | ven | vení |
ir. Its command form is never í. Instead, the command for andar is universally used: andá. The verb ser uses sé, same as the tú form, though using it is less common than in tú constructions.
yo form of the present indicative, dropping the -o, and adding the voseo subjunctive endings: -és for -ar verbs and -ás for -er and -ir verbs.
yo form | Stem | Voseo Subjunctive Ending | Negative Voseo Command |
hablar | hablo | habl- | -és | no hablés |
beber | bebo | beb- | -ás | no bebás |
abrir | abro | abr- | -ás | no abrás |
Decí + me → Decíme (Tell me.)
Comprá + lo → Compralo (Buy it.)
Hacé + me + lo → Hacémelo (Do it for me.)
No me digás. (Don't tell me.)
No lo comprés. (Don't buy it.)
No me lo hagás. (Don't do it for me.)
e > ie and o > ue stem changes. The verb stem remains the same as in the infinitive.
tú (indicative) | tú (command) | Voseo Command (No change) |
pensar | piensas | piensa | pensá |
volver | vuelves | vuelve | volvé |
perder | pierdes | pierde | perdé |
dormir | duermes | duerme | dormí (e > i change is also ignored)|
When To Use It
vos, tú, and usted is a complex sociolinguistic act. At a C2 level, you must navigate this based on region, social context, and the relationship between speakers.voseo is the unambiguous standard for all informal situations. Using tú here sounds foreign, overly academic, or even stilted. You use vos with friends, family, colleagues, service workers, and anyone in a context that does not require the formal distance of usted.“En un minuto te lo preparo, sentate si querés”, but a university director might say, “Por favor, siéntese”. The default is vos.voseo is also very common for informal address, but usted is used much more widely for general interactions, even among acquaintances. Vos is often reserved for a circle of trust—close friends and family. Tú is virtually nonexistent in many of these areas.voseo can be a regional marker (common in the Paisa region around Medellín) and often signals a deep, almost fraternal intimacy, especially among men. In Chile, voseo verb forms exist but are often socially stigmatized and associated with lower socio-economic strata or extreme informality, with tú being the preferred informal standard.vos | Default for all informal speech. | Che, vení a ver esto. |vos (often with Guaraní influence) | Default for informal speech. | Escribíle un mensaje. |vos/usted | vos for close relationships, usted for general respect. | Mi amor, no te enojés conmigo. |vos/usted | vos for close camaraderie, usted is very common. | Parce, ¡haceme caso! |tú | Voseo verb forms are present (andai, comí) but often stigmatized. Standard commands use tú. | Oye, ven a ver esto. |voseo is rampant. An Argentine influencer will caption a photo Mirá qué lindo not Mira qué lindo. A friend's WhatsApp message will read llamame cuando llegues, not llámame....Common Mistakes
tú paradigms.- 1Forgetting the Written Accent: Writing
pensainstead ofpensá. In speech, your intonation might make it clear, but in writing,pensais the third-person singular indicative (él/ella/usted piensa) or thetúaffirmative command. This can create ambiguity. The accent is not optional; it marks the imperative.
- 1Applying
túStem Changes: Saying or writingencontráasencontrá. This is a hypercorrection, incorrectly applying theo > uerule oftú(encuentras) to the voseo form. Remember, voseo commands are built from the infinitive stem and do not change. The correct form isencontrá.
- 1Using
túIrregular Forms: Usingponorhazinstead ofponéorhacé. This is a direct transfer from thetúparadigm. It’s a clear marker of a non-native speaker. The regularity of voseo is one of its key features; embrace it.
- Incorrect:
Vos, pon la música. - Correct:
Vos, poné la música.
- 1Incorrect Negative Formation: Using the affirmative form for a negative command (
no poné) is a fundamental error, akin to saying "Don't to put" in English. The negative must use the subjunctive.
tú subjunctive with vos (vos... no te preocupes), for prescriptive accuracy and for use in more 'pure' voseo zones, the voseo subjunctive is expected.no hablame | no me hables | no me hablés |no hablás | no hables | no hablés |Real Conversations
To understand how these commands live in the wild, let's look at some authentic contexts.
Context 1: WhatsApp chat between two friends in Buenos Aires.
- Lucía: Che, ¿vas a la previa en lo de Marcos?
- Mateo: Sí, pero estoy terminando un laburo. Bancame un toque y salgo para allá. (Wait for me a bit and I'll head over.)
- Lucía: Dale, ¡no te colgués! Y fijate si podés traer hielo. (Ok, don't flake out! And see if you can bring ice.)
Here, bancame (bancar + me) and fijate (fijar + te, meaning 'pay attention' or 'look') are classic voseo commands with attached pronouns.
Context 2: A parent talking to a child in Costa Rica.
“Mi amor, vení para acá. Dejá esos zapatos en la entrada y andá a lavarte las manos antes de comer. Y no me hagás ese berrinche.”
(My love, come here. Leave those shoes at the entrance and go wash your hands before eating. And don't throw that tantrum at me.)
This string of commands (vení, dejá, andá) shows the rapid, natural-sounding sequence of voseo imperatives. The negative no me hagás uses the formal voseo subjunctive, common in Central America.
Context 3: A YouTube comment on a tutorial video from Argentina.
“¡Genio! Me salvaste. Para los que no entendieron, pausá el video en el 1:32 y leé bien el código que escribe. No le des bola al autocompletar.”
(Genius! You saved me. For those who didn't understand, pause the video at 1:32 and read the code he writes carefully. Don't pay attention to the autocomplete.)
This shows both affirmative (pausá, leé) and negative (no le des, a common colloquial mixing with the tú subjunctive) commands in a modern, instructional context.
Quick FAQ
voseo considered incorrect or slang?Absolutely not. Voseo is a grammatically correct, standard dialectal variation of Spanish, fully recognized by the Real Academia Española (RAE). In voseo-dominant regions, it is the educated, standard norm for informal address.
no me digas and no me digás. Which one is correct?Both are used and understood. No me digas (using the tú subjunctive) is extremely common in the colloquial speech of the Rioplatense region. No me digás (using the voseo subjunctive) is considered more grammatically 'pure' or prescriptive. It is also more common in other voseo regions like Central America. As a C2 learner, you should be able to recognize both and choose to use the latter for more 'authentic' voseo.
tú commands in Buenos Aires?You will be perfectly understood, but you will immediately be identified as a foreigner or someone who learned Spanish elsewhere. It creates a slight, often unintentional, social distance. It's akin to an American in London meticulously using American vocabulary like 'sidewalk' and 'elevator'—not wrong, just obviously not local.
usted is the only way to be polite?Yes. The vos/tú vs. usted distinction is about formality and social distance. Vos, like tú, is used in informal contexts. If the situation calls for politeness and respect (e.g., addressing an elderly person, a high-ranking professional, or a stranger in a formal setting), usted is the correct choice in all regions.
vos change based on the gender of the person I'm talking to?No. The pronoun vos is gender-neutral. The commands and verb conjugations are the same whether you are speaking to a man or a woman. For example, decíme la verdad is used for both.
1. Affirmative Voseo Command Formation
| Infinitive | Step 1 (Remove R) | Step 2 (Add Accent) | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Cantar
|
Canta
|
Cantá
|
Cantá
|
|
Comer
|
Come
|
Comé
|
Comé
|
|
Vivir
|
Vivi
|
Viví
|
Viví
|
|
Hablar
|
Habla
|
Hablá
|
Hablá
|
|
Beber
|
Bebe
|
Bebé
|
Bebé
|
|
Subir
|
Subi
|
Subí
|
Subí
|
Meanings
The voseo imperative is the specific way to issue commands to someone you address as 'vos'. It is a hallmark of Rioplatense and Central American Spanish.
Affirmative Command
Direct instruction to a 'vos' addressee.
“¡Mirá esto!”
“Tomá el café.”
Negative Command
Prohibition directed at a 'vos' addressee.
“No mires eso.”
“No tomes el café.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Infinitive - r + accent
|
¡Mirá!
|
|
Negative
|
No + tú subjunctive
|
No mires
|
|
Irregular (Ir)
|
Andá
|
¡Andá allá!
|
|
Reflexive
|
Verb + te
|
Sentate
|
|
Object Pronoun
|
Verb + lo/la
|
Comelo
|
|
Negative Reflexive
|
No + te + verb
|
No te sientes
|
Formality Spectrum
Coma la comida. (Dining)
Come la comida. (Dining)
¡Comé la comida! (Dining)
¡Mandale mecha a la comida! (Dining)
Voseo Command Logic
Affirmative
- Cantá Sing!
- Comé Eat!
Negative
- No cantes Don't sing!
- No comas Don't eat!
Examples by Level
¡Mirá!
Look!
¡Comé!
Eat!
¡Vení!
Come!
¡Hablá!
Speak!
¡Escuchá la música!
Listen to the music!
No comas eso.
Don't eat that.
¡Tomá el libro!
Take the book!
No hables tanto.
Don't talk so much.
¡Caminá hasta la esquina!
Walk to the corner!
No corras en la calle.
Don't run in the street.
¡Subí al auto!
Get in the car!
No salgas sin abrigo.
Don't go out without a coat.
¡Decidí qué vas a hacer!
Decide what you are going to do!
No te preocupes por eso.
Don't worry about that.
¡Escribí el informe ahora!
Write the report now!
No pierdas la oportunidad.
Don't lose the opportunity.
¡Considerá todas las opciones antes de actuar!
Consider all options before acting!
No te apresures en tomar una decisión.
Don't rush into making a decision.
¡Analizá los datos con cuidado!
Analyze the data carefully!
No subestimes el problema.
Don't underestimate the problem.
¡Reivindicá tus derechos ante la autoridad!
Assert your rights before the authority!
No claudiques ante las dificultades.
Don't give up in the face of difficulties.
¡Involucrate en el proyecto!
Get involved in the project!
No desoigas las advertencias.
Don't ignore the warnings.
Easily Confused
Learners mix the pronouns and the verb endings.
Learners apply the accent to negative commands.
Using present indicative instead of imperative.
Common Mistakes
Canta
Cantá
No cantás
No cantes
Habla
Hablá
No hablá
No hables
Comélo
Comelo
No comés
No comas
Ven
Vení
No hacés
No hagas
Hacélo
Hacelo
No venís
No vengas
No digás
No digas
No pongás
No pongas
No salís
No salgas
No tenés
No tengas
Sentence Patterns
¡___ (verb) esto!
No ___ (verb) eso.
¡___ (verb) conmigo!
No ___ (verb) nada todavía.
Real World Usage
¡Vení pronto!
¡Mirá este video!
Traeme una pizza.
¡Andá por allá!
N/A
¡Hacé la cama!
Accent is key
Negative command rule
Listen to locals
Social distance
Smart Tips
Use the voseo form to sound natural.
Use the 'tú' subjunctive form.
Check if it follows the 'tú' form.
Always accent the last vowel.
Pronunciation
Accentuation
The accent mark indicates the syllable that must be stressed.
Command intonation
¡Mirá! ↗
Rising intonation for emphasis.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Voseo is easy: Just cut the R and add an accent to the end.
Visual Association
Imagine a giant neon accent mark falling onto the last letter of a verb like a stamp.
Rhyme
Si usas el vos, poné el acento en el final, ¡es la regla principal!
Story
Juan is in Buenos Aires. He wants his friend to eat. He thinks 'comer', cuts the 'r', adds the accent, and says '¡Comé!'. His friend smiles because he sounds like a local.
Word Web
Challenge
Write 5 sentences using affirmative voseo commands for your daily routine.
Cultural Notes
Voseo is the standard form of address for everyone in informal settings.
Similar to Argentina, voseo is universal.
Voseo is used in Nicaragua and El Salvador, though the imperative forms can vary slightly.
Voseo originated from the formal 'vos' address in medieval Spanish.
Conversation Starters
¿Qué me recomendás comer hoy?
¡Mirá qué día lindo hace!
No te preocupes por el examen.
¡Hacé lo que quieras!
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
¡___ (cantar) una canción!
No ___ (comer) eso.
Find and fix the mistake:
No hablá con él.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Eat the apple! (vos)
Answer starts with: ¡Co...
¡___ aquí!
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
vos / comer / no / pizza
Score: /8
Practice Exercises
8 exercises¡___ (cantar) una canción!
No ___ (comer) eso.
Find and fix the mistake:
No hablá con él.
la / ¡Mirá / televisión!
Eat the apple! (vos)
¡___ aquí!
1. ¡Mirá! 2. No mires.
vos / comer / no / pizza
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesTell it to me (vos).
me / no / así / mirés
Match these verbs:
___ (venir) a casa esta noche.
Don't come back late.
¡Hacélo ahora!
No ___ (ir) por ese camino, hay mucho tráfico.
Take the bag (la bolsa).
Sit down.
No me ___ (mentir).
Score: /10
FAQ (8)
It's named after the pronoun 'vos'.
Yes, it is standard in many regions.
No, it's not used there.
You will sound like you are using the 'tú' form.
Most are, but there are some exceptions.
No, it is very informal.
Use it when you are in a country that uses 'vos'.
No, object pronouns remain the same.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Tu/Vous
French doesn't have a regional 'vos' equivalent.
Du/Sie
German does not have a regional informal pronoun shift.
Omae/Anata
Japanese pronouns are about status, voseo is about geography.
Anta/Anti
Arabic pronouns change by gender, voseo does not.
Ni/Nin
Chinese has no regional informal pronoun shift.
Tú
Voseo is regional and more regular.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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