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궁리하다

B1 verb #6,300 most common 9 min read

궁리하다

Top 6,300

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips 궁리하다 in 30 Seconds

Explanation 궁리하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you might not use '궁리하다' very often because it is a bit more complex than simple words like '생각하다' (to think). However, it is good to know that Korean has special words for different types of thinking. Think of '궁리하다' as 'thinking very hard to find a way.' If you want to say you are thinking about how to do your homework or how to go to the park, you can start learning this word. It's like having a 'bright idea' lightbulb over your head. At this level, just remember that it means 'to think about a way to do something.' You can use it simply like '방법을 궁리해요' (I am thinking of a way). It shows you are trying to solve a small problem, like how to eat a big sandwich or how to open a tight jar. Even though you are just starting, knowing this word makes you sound very smart in Korean because it shows you know more than just the basic verbs. Practice saying it slowly: gung-ri-ha-da. It sounds like a serious word, doesn't it? That's because it is about using your brain to find an answer! You will mostly hear it when people are trying to figure things out together.

At the A2 level, you can start using '궁리하다' when you talk about your plans or small problems you face. Instead of always saying '생각해요' (I think), you can use '궁리해요' to show you are really trying to find a solution. For example, if you are looking for a cheaper flight for your vacation, you can say '싼 비행기 표를 찾으려고 궁리하고 있어요' (I am pondering to find a cheap flight ticket). This level is all about expanding your vocabulary to describe your actions more accurately. '궁리하다' is perfect for when you are being creative, like thinking of what to cook for dinner with only two eggs and an onion. It suggests that you are 'working' with your mind. You will notice that this word often comes with words like '방법' (method/way) or '어떻게' (how). Try to use it in your diary or when talking to friends about your hobbies. If you are playing a game and trying to win, you are '궁리하다'-ing! It's a great way to move beyond basic Korean and start expressing the 'effort' behind your thoughts. Remember, '고민하다' is for when you are worried, but '궁리하다' is for when you are looking for the answer. Use '궁리하다' when you feel like a detective!

At the B1 level, '궁리하다' becomes a very useful tool for discussing strategies, work tasks, and complex personal projects. You should be able to distinguish it clearly from '생각하다' and '고민하다.' At this stage, you are likely encountering more varied sentence structures, such as using '-ㄹ지' (whether) or '-ㄹ까' (whether/should) before the verb. For instance, '이 상황을 어떻게 모면할지 궁리했다' (I pondered how to escape this situation). This level requires you to understand that '궁리하다' implies a logical, systematic approach to a problem. It’s the word for 'brainstorming' or 'devising.' You might use it in a professional setting when discussing a new project or in an academic setting when figuring out a research topic. It shows that you are an active participant in your own life, not just someone things happen to. You are someone who 'devises' solutions. Pay attention to how it is used in news reports or more detailed stories in your textbooks. You will see it used to describe how people overcome obstacles through their intellect. It is a 'proactive' verb. When you use it, you are emphasizing that you are putting in the mental labor to achieve a specific goal. It's about the 'how-to' of life.

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using '궁리하다' in both spoken and written Korean, including more formal reports or essays. You can start exploring its use in more abstract or sophisticated contexts. For example, you might talk about '묘안을 궁리하다' (devising a brilliant idea) or '상생할 길을 궁리하다' (pondering a way to coexist). You should also be aware of its noun form, '궁리,' and how it can be used as the object of other verbs or in phrases like '궁리 끝에' (at the end of much pondering/deliberation). This shows a higher level of linguistic flexibility. At B2, you are expected to understand the nuance that '궁리하다' involves a certain level of ingenuity or resourcefulness. It's not just thinking; it's 'scheming' in a positive or neutral sense. You can use it to describe the creative process of an author or the strategic planning of a business leader. It is also important to recognize the word in literature, where it might describe a character's internal struggle to find a way out of a dilemma. You are now at a level where you can use this word to add depth to your descriptions of people's motivations and actions. It’s about the 'logic' (理) that is 'exhausted' (窮) to find the truth.

At the C1 level, your understanding of '궁리하다' should include its historical and philosophical roots. You can appreciate its connection to the Neo-Confucian concept of 'Gung-ri' (the investigation of things/principles), which was a central part of intellectual life in the Joseon dynasty. While modern usage is more practical, this deeper layer adds a sense of intellectual heritage to the word. You should be able to use '궁리하다' in highly formal contexts, such as academic papers, legal discussions, or high-level business strategy documents. You might use it to describe '근본적인 해결책을 궁리하다' (pondering a fundamental solution) or '다각적인 차원에서 궁리하다' (pondering from multi-faceted dimensions). At this level, you can also use synonyms like '심사숙고하다' or '천착하다' (to delve into) to provide variety and precision in your language. You should be sensitive to the tone '궁리하다' sets—it is active, intellectual, and purposeful. It is the word of a thinker who is not satisfied with surface-level answers. You can also use it to critique or analyze others' plans, noting whether their '궁리' was sufficient or flawed. Your mastery of this word at C1 shows that you can navigate the fine line between practical problem-solving and deep intellectual inquiry.

At the C2 level, '궁리하다' is a word you use with complete native-like precision, understanding every subtle shade of meaning it can carry. You can use it with a sense of irony, humor, or profound seriousness as the situation demands. You are likely familiar with how it appears in classical literature and can discuss its evolution from a philosophical term to a daily verb. You can effortlessly switch between '궁리하다' and its more formal or idiomatic counterparts depending on your audience. For example, in a high-level debate, you might speak of '국가의 백년대계를 궁리하다' (pondering the hundred-year plan for the nation). You understand that '궁리하다' represents a uniquely Korean way of approaching problems—with a mix of logical exhaustion and creative resourcefulness. You can use the word to describe complex psychological states where a character is '궁리'ing not just for a solution, but for a way to reconcile conflicting values. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item; it is a tool for nuanced expression that reflects a deep immersion in Korean culture and thought. You can use it to describe the very essence of human ingenuity. Whether you are discussing the latest AI technology or an ancient poem, '궁리하다' is a word that allows you to talk about the incredible power of the human mind to seek and find a way forward.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

궁리하다 in 30 Seconds

궁리하다 means to ponder or devise a solution with significant mental effort.
It differs from 'thinking' by being goal-oriented and from 'worrying' by being logical.
Commonly used with words like '방법' (method), '묘안' (bright idea), and '대책' (measure).
It implies a proactive search for answers, often involving creativity or strategy.

The Korean verb 궁리하다 (gung-ri-ha-da) is a deeply evocative word that transcends the simple act of thinking. While the basic English translation often points toward 'to ponder' or 'to devise,' its roots in Hanja (Chinese characters) reveal a much more exhaustive mental process. The word is composed of 궁 (窮), meaning 'to exhaust' or 'to reach the limit,' and 리 (理), meaning 'reason,' 'logic,' or 'principle.' Therefore, to gung-ri something is to push your reasoning to its absolute limit until a solution or a truth is revealed. It is not a passive daydream; it is an active, focused, and often creative search for a way out of a problem or a way into a new idea.

Problem-Solving Context: When a programmer stares at a bug for hours, trying to figure out why the code isn't running, they are engaged in 궁리하다. It implies that there is a specific hurdle that requires a clever or logical workaround.
Creative Devising: An artist deciding on the perfect composition or a chef trying to balance a new flavor profile is 궁리하다. It is the mental labor behind creation and innovation.
Daily Strategy: Even in mundane life, like trying to fit all your groceries into a small refrigerator or figuring out how to save money for a trip, this word applies. It suggests a level of effort and intent that '생각하다' (to think) simply does not carry.

어떻게 하면 이 좁은 방을 더 넓게 쓸 수 있을지 밤새 궁리하다가 결국 가구 배치를 바꿨어요.

Translation: I spent all night pondering how to use this small room more widely, and finally, I changed the furniture layout.

회사의 위기를 극복할 묘안을 궁리하다.

Translation: To devise a clever plan to overcome the company's crisis.

아이들은 새로운 놀이 방법을 찾기 위해 머리를 맞대고 궁리하다.

Translation: The children put their heads together and pondered to find a new way to play.

그는 적은 예산으로 최고의 여행을 즐길 수 있는 방법을 궁리하다.

Translation: He pondered a way to enjoy the best trip with a small budget.

우리는 환경 오염을 줄일 수 있는 대책을 다각도로 궁리하다.

Translation: We are pondering measures to reduce environmental pollution from various angles.

In summary, 궁리하다 is the word you use when your brain is in 'engineering mode.' Whether you are an engineer, a parent, a student, or an artist, this word describes that specific moment where you are trying to connect the dots and find a path forward where none was obvious before. It is a high-level cognitive verb that shows you are taking your task seriously.

Using 궁리하다 correctly requires understanding its role as a transitive verb, though it often appears with clauses ending in '-ㄹ지' (whether/how to) or '-ㄹ 방법' (a way to). It is most frequently used when a person is faced with a specific challenge or goal that requires mental exertion. Let's look at the grammatical structures and contexts where this word shines.

Objective + 을/를 궁리하다: This is the simplest form. You specify the object of your pondering. Common objects include '해결책' (solution), '묘안' (bright idea), '방법' (method), or '대책' (countermeasure).
Clause + -ㄹ까 궁리하다: This structure is used when you are considering different options or wondering 'should I do this or that?' It reflects the internal debate of the thinker.
Clause + -려고 궁리하다: This indicates the purpose. 'I am pondering in order to accomplish X.' It emphasizes the goal-oriented nature of the word.

Let's examine how these look in practice across various levels of formality and context. Notice how the focus remains on the 'how-to' aspect of the thought process.

어떻게 하면 수업 시간에 졸지 않을지 궁리하다.

Translation: Pondering how not to doze off during class time.

그는 상대방의 약점을 파고들 방법을 궁리하다.

Translation: He is pondering a way to exploit the opponent's weakness.

우리는 이 문제를 평화롭게 해결할 길을 궁리하다.

Translation: We are pondering a way to resolve this problem peacefully.

어머니는 남은 재료로 맛있는 저녁을 만들 궁리를 하시다.

Translation: Mother is pondering how to make a delicious dinner with the leftover ingredients.

과학자들은 화성에서 생명체가 살 수 있는 방법을 궁리하다.

Translation: Scientists are pondering ways that life could exist on Mars.

When you use 궁리하다, you are painting a picture of someone whose brow is furrowed, whose mind is racing, and who is determined to find an answer. It is a very productive word. It’s also worth noting that in historical or literary contexts, it often refers to the deep study of philosophical principles. In modern usage, however, it is most frequently tied to practical problem-solving and strategic planning.

Understanding where 궁리하다 appears in daily life helps you grasp its social weight. It is not an overly formal word, but it carries a certain intellectual seriousness. You will hear it in boardrooms, in creative studios, and even in casual conversations among friends who are trying to plan something complex.

In Professional Meetings: Colleagues might say, '이 문제를 어떻게 해결할지 좀 더 궁리해 봅시다' (Let’s ponder a bit more on how to solve this problem). It signals that a simple answer isn't enough and deeper thought is required.
In Korean Dramas (K-Dramas): Characters often use this word when they are plotting—either for something good or something mischievous. A protagonist might '궁리하다' to find a way to save their family, while an antagonist might '궁리하다' to set a trap.
In News and Documentaries: When discussing social issues or scientific breakthroughs, reporters use 궁리하다 to describe the intensive research and strategy development involved in addressing national or global challenges.

그는 어떻게 하면 그녀의 마음을 얻을 수 있을지 궁리하다.

Translation: He is pondering how he might win her heart.

우리는 매출을 올릴 새로운 마케팅 전략을 궁리하다.

Translation: We are pondering a new marketing strategy to increase sales.

정부는 일자리 창출을 위한 대책을 궁리하다.

Translation: The government is pondering measures for job creation.

그는 복수할 기회를 궁리하다.

Translation: He is pondering an opportunity for revenge.

어떻게 하면 시간을 더 효율적으로 쓸지 궁리하다.

Translation: Pondering how to use time more efficiently.

Essentially, 궁리하다 is the 'thinking' word that implies sweat on the brow and gears turning in the head. It is about the process of finding a way forward. When you hear it, listen for the 'what' and 'how' that follows, as that will tell you what puzzle the person is trying to solve.

Because Korean has several words for 'thinking' and 'pondering,' it is easy for learners to use 궁리하다 in the wrong context. Understanding the subtle boundaries between these words will make your Korean sound much more natural and precise.

궁리하다 vs. 고민하다: This is the most frequent confusion. 고민하다 (go-min-ha-da) is centered on 'worry' or 'agony.' It is emotional. If you are stressed about which university to choose, you are '고민하다'. However, 궁리하다 is logical. It’s about the strategy of how to get into the university. Use 궁리하다 when you are looking for a solution, not just feeling the weight of the problem.
궁리하다 vs. 생각하다: 생각하다 (saeng-gak-ha-da) is the general umbrella term for 'to think.' It covers everything from remembering a name to having an opinion. 궁리하다 is a specific type of thinking. You wouldn't say 'I think that movie was good' using 궁리하다. It must involve deep, purposeful pondering toward a specific end.
궁리하다 vs. 연구하다: 연구하다 (yeon-gu-ha-da) means 'to research' or 'to study' systematically. While 궁리하다 can be part of research, it is more about the internal mental process of figuring something out, whereas 연구하다 often implies formal study, experiments, or academic investigation.

[Wrong] 나는 그 영화가 재미있다고 궁리해요. (I ponder that movie is fun.)

Correction: Use '생각해요' because this is a simple opinion.

[Wrong] 시험 때문에 너무 궁리해서 잠이 안 와요. (I'm pondering so much about the exam I can't sleep.)

Correction: Use '고민해서' because this describes emotional stress/worry.

[Right] 어떻게 하면 시험을 잘 볼지 궁리하고 있어요. (I am pondering how to do well on the exam.)

Note: This is correct because it focuses on the method/strategy.

[Right] 그는 돈을 아낄 방법을 궁리하다가 가계부를 쓰기로 했다.

Note: Correct use for finding a practical solution.

[Right] 우리는 새로운 메뉴를 궁리하다.

Note: Correct use for creative devising.

To master this word, always ask yourself: 'Am I trying to solve a puzzle or find a way to do something?' If the answer is yes, 궁리하다 is your best friend. Avoid using it for simple opinions, feelings, or passive thoughts.

Korean is rich with synonyms that allow for very specific expression. Depending on the intensity and the context of your 'pondering,' you might choose one of these alternatives instead of 궁리하다.

사색하다 (Sa-saek-ha-da): This means to meditate or contemplate. While 궁리하다 is practical and solution-oriented, 사색하다 is more philosophical and abstract. You '사색하다' about the meaning of life, but you '궁리하다' about how to fix a leaky faucet.
도모하다 (Do-mo-ha-da): This means to plan or aim for something. It is more formal and often used in business or political contexts. It implies not just the thinking but the beginning of the action to achieve a goal. '발전을 도모하다' (to aim for development).
심사숙고하다 (Sim-sa-suk-go-ha-da): This is a four-character idiom (Saja-seong-eo) meaning to deliberate deeply or give careful consideration. It is much more formal than 궁리하다 and is used for very important, life-changing decisions.
머리를 쓰다 (Meo-ri-reul sseu-da): Literally 'to use one's head.' This is the informal, idiomatic equivalent of 궁리하다. You might tell a friend, '머리 좀 써 봐!' (Use your head/think of something!).

Here is a comparison table to help you distinguish them quickly:

Word	Nuance	Best Context
궁리하다	Practical solving	Daily problems, creative tasks
고민하다	Emotional worry	Personal dilemmas, stress
사색하다	Deep contemplation	Philosophy, nature, art
심사숙고하다	Formal deliberation	Legal, business, major life choices

철학자는 인생의 의미를 사색하다.

Translation: The philosopher contemplates the meaning of life.

대통령은 국가 정책을 심사숙고하다.

Translation: The President is deeply deliberating on national policy.

By choosing the right word, you show that you understand not just the definition, but the heart of the Korean language. 궁리하다 is the word of the inventor, the strategist, and the survivor.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

In ancient times, 'Gung-ri' wasn't just about solving daily problems; it was a spiritual and intellectual duty to understand the laws of the universe. Today, it’s much more practical!

Pronunciation Guide

UK ɡuŋ.ni.ɦa.da

US ɡuŋ.ni.ɦɑ.dɑ

The stress is balanced, but slightly more emphasis on the 'gung' and 'ri'.

Rhymes With

정리하다 (jeong-ri-ha-da) 처리하다 (cheo-ri-ha-da) 격리하다 (gyeok-ri-ha-da) 승리하다 (seung-ri-ha-da) 요리하다 (yo-ri-ha-da) 수리하다 (su-ri-ha-da) 관리하다 (gwan-ri-ha-da) 유리하다 (yu-ri-ha-da)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'gung' as 'gun'. Ensure the nasal 'ng' is used.
Pronouncing 'ri' as 'li'. The Korean 'r' is between 'r' and 'l'.
Skipping the 'h' entirely. It should be a light breath.
Confusing the vowel 'u' (ㅜ) with 'eo' (ㅓ).
Making the 'd' sound too hard like a 't'.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

Common in written texts, but Hanja roots make it slightly more advanced than basic verbs.

Writing 4/5

Requires understanding of clauses like '-ㄹ지' or '-ㄹ 방법'.

Speaking 3/5

Useful for sounding more precise and intelligent in conversation.

Listening 3/5

Frequently used in dramas and news; easy to recognize once learned.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

생각하다 (To think) 방법 (Method) 문제 (Problem) 해결 (Solution) 머리 (Head/Brain)

Learn Next

심사숙고하다 (To deliberate deeply) 모색하다 (To seek a way) 도모하다 (To plan/aim) 고안하다 (To devise/invent) 연구하다 (To research)

Advanced

격물치지 (Investigation of things) 사유하다 (To reason/think deeply) 성찰하다 (To reflect) 천착하다 (To delve into) 탐구하다 (To explore/investigate)

Grammar to Know

-ㄹ지 (Whether/How)

어떻게 할지 궁리하다.

-ㄹ 방법 (Way to)

해결할 방법을 궁리하다.

-려고 (In order to)

성공하려고 궁리하다.

-다가 (While doing... then)

궁리하다가 잠이 들었다.

-어 보다 (Try doing)

다양하게 궁리해 보세요.

Examples by Level

어떻게 할지 궁리해요.

I am thinking about what to do.

'궁리해요' is the present polite form.

길을 궁리해요.

I am looking for a way.

'길' means road or way.

방법을 궁리해요.

I am thinking of a method.

'방법' is a common object for this verb.

요리를 궁리해요.

I am pondering what to cook.

Shows the word used for daily tasks.

친구 선물을 궁리해요.

I am pondering a gift for my friend.

Shows creative thinking.

돈을 아낄 방법을 궁리해요.

I am pondering how to save money.

A very common daily use case.

숙제를 어떻게 할지 궁리해요.

I am pondering how to do my homework.

Uses '-ㄹ지' to show the question 'how to'.

게임을 이길 방법을 궁리해요.

I am pondering how to win the game.

Focuses on winning strategy.

새로운 놀이 방법을 궁리하고 있어요.

I am pondering a new way to play.

'-고 있다' shows an ongoing action.

어머니는 저녁 메뉴를 궁리하세요.

Mother is pondering the dinner menu.

Honorific '-시-' is added.

어떻게 하면 공부를 잘할지 궁리해요.

I am pondering how to study well.

'-면' (if) and '-ㄹ지' (whether) combined.

방을 넓게 쓸 방법을 궁리했어요.

I pondered a way to use the room widely.

Past tense '궁리했어요'.

비밀을 지킬 방법을 궁리합시다.

Let's ponder a way to keep the secret.

'-ㅂ시다' (Let's) for suggestions.

우리는 여행 계획을 궁리하고 있어요.

We are pondering our travel plans.

Suggests detailed planning.

그는 사과할 방법을 궁리했어요.

He pondered a way to apologize.

Pondering a social solution.

어떻게 하면 잠을 잘 잘지 궁리해요.

I am pondering how to sleep well.

Focuses on personal well-being.

문제를 해결할 묘안을 궁리하고 있습니다.

I am pondering a brilliant idea to solve the problem.

'묘안' (brilliant idea) is a high-level collocation.

어떻게 하면 비용을 줄일지 궁리해 봐야겠어요.

I should try pondering how to reduce costs.

'-어 봐야겠다' (should try doing).

그는 위기를 기회로 바꿀 방법을 궁리했다.

He pondered a way to turn the crisis into an opportunity.

Plain style '-다' used in writing.

아이디어를 짜내려고 밤새 궁리했어요.

I pondered all night to squeeze out an idea.

'-려고' (in order to) shows purpose.

우리는 매출을 올릴 전략을 궁리 중입니다.

We are in the middle of pondering a strategy to increase sales.

'- 중' (in the middle of).

상대방을 설득할 논리를 궁리해 보세요.

Try pondering the logic to persuade the other party.

Imperative '궁리해 보세요'.

그는 혼자서 조용히 해결책을 궁리했다.

He pondered the solution quietly by himself.

Adverb '조용히' (quietly) modifies the verb.

어떻게 이 난관을 극복할지 다 같이 궁리합시다.

Let's all ponder together how to overcome this difficulty.

'난관' (difficulty/obstacle) is a B1 level word.

그는 은퇴 후의 삶을 어떻게 보낼지 깊이 궁리했다.

He pondered deeply on how to spend his life after retirement.

'깊이' (deeply) emphasizes the effort.

정부는 청년 실업 문제를 해결할 대책을 궁리하고 있다.

The government is pondering measures to solve the youth unemployment problem.

Formal context usage.

작가는 소설의 결말을 어떻게 맺을지 궁리 중이다.

The author is in the middle of pondering how to end the novel.

Creative process context.

그는 적은 돈으로 큰 수익을 낼 방법을 궁리하다가 사기를 당했다.

While pondering a way to make a big profit with little money, he was scammed.

'-다가' indicates an action interrupted or leading to a result.

우리는 환경 보호를 위한 실천 방안을 궁리해야 합니다.

We must ponder practical measures for environmental protection.

'-해야 합니다' (must do).

그는 자신의 잘못을 만회할 기회를 궁리하고 있었다.

He was pondering an opportunity to make up for his mistake.

Past progressive tense.

어떻게 하면 사람들의 관심을 끌지 다각도로 궁리해 보았다.

I tried pondering from various angles how to attract people's attention.

'다각도로' (from various angles) is a key collocation.

그는 복잡한 기계를 수리할 방법을 한참 동안 궁리했다.

He pondered for a long time how to repair the complex machine.

'한참 동안' (for a long time).

철학자들은 존재의 근원을 궁리하며 평생을 보낸다.

Philosophers spend their whole lives pondering the source of existence.

'-하며' (while doing) connects two actions.

그는 시대의 흐름을 읽고 새로운 사업 아이템을 궁리해 냈다.

He read the trends of the times and devised a new business item.

'-해 내다' shows successful completion of a difficult task.

인류는 기후 변화에 대응할 근본적인 대책을 궁리해야만 한다.

Humanity must ponder fundamental measures to respond to climate change.

'-해야만 한다' (must absolutely do).

그는 고전 속에서 현대 사회의 문제를 해결할 지혜를 궁리했다.

He pondered the wisdom to solve the problems of modern society within the classics.

Abstract and intellectual context.

정치인들은 민심을 얻기 위한 정략을 궁리하기에 바빴다.

Politicians were busy pondering political strategies to win the people's hearts.

'-기에 바쁘다' (to be busy doing).

그는 자신의 야망을 실현할 구체적인 계획을 궁리하며 기회를 엿보았다.

While pondering a concrete plan to realize his ambition, he watched for an opportunity.

Strategic and long-term thinking.

우리는 전통 문화를 계승하고 발전시킬 방안을 끊임없이 궁리해야 한다.

We must constantly ponder ways to inherit and develop traditional culture.

'끊임없이' (constantly).

그는 과학적 원리를 궁리하여 새로운 발명품을 만들었다.

He pondered scientific principles and created a new invention.

'-하여' (by doing/and then).

그는 만물의 이치를 궁리하는 학자적 태도를 견지했다.

He maintained a scholarly attitude of pondering the principles of all things.

Very formal and academic language.

작가는 인간 소외의 문제를 문학적으로 어떻게 형상화할지 궁리했다.

The author pondered how to literarily give shape to the problem of human alienation.

Literary and abstract analysis.

그들은 국가의 명운을 건 중대사를 결정하기 위해 밤낮으로 궁리했다.

They pondered day and night to decide on a major matter involving the fate of the nation.

'밤낮으로' (day and night) shows extreme effort.

그는 삶과 죽음의 경계에서 존재의 의미를 처절하게 궁리했다.

He desperately pondered the meaning of existence at the boundary of life and death.

'처절하게' (desperately/pitifully) adds emotional depth.

우리는 기술의 진보가 인간의 존엄성을 훼손하지 않을 방법을 궁리해야 한다.

We must ponder ways that technological progress does not undermine human dignity.

Ethical and philosophical consideration.

그는 복잡한 수식을 궁리하다가 마침내 새로운 이론을 정립했다.

While pondering complex formulas, he finally established a new theory.

'정립했다' (established) is a C2 level verb.

역사적 교훈을 통해 미래의 비전을 궁리하는 것이 우리의 과제다.

Pondering a vision for the future through historical lessons is our task.

Reflective and visionary context.

그는 언어의 한계를 넘어 진리를 전달할 방도를 궁리했다.

He pondered a way to convey the truth beyond the limits of language.

'방도' (way/measure) is a formal synonym for '방법'.

Common Collocations

방법을 궁리하다

묘안을 궁리하다

대책을 궁리하다

밤새 궁리하다

해결책을 궁리하다

전략을 궁리하다

깊이 궁리하다

다각도로 궁리하다

혼자 궁리하다

나름대로 궁리하다

Common Phrases

궁리 끝에

— After much pondering. Used to introduce a final decision.

궁리 끝에 나는 사직서를 냈다.

궁리를 짜내다

— To squeeze out a plan or idea. Implies difficulty.

아이디어가 없어서 궁리를 짜내고 있어요.

딴 궁리를 하다

— To have other (often hidden or bad) intentions.

그는 겉으로는 웃지만 속으로는 딴 궁리를 하고 있다.

궁리할 가치가 있다

— To be worth pondering. Used for important problems.

이 제안은 충분히 궁리할 가치가 있다.

궁리에 빠지다

— To fall into deep thought. Implies being absorbed.

그는 한참 동안 궁리에 빠져 있었다.

궁리를 거듭하다

— To ponder over and over again.

최선의 선택을 위해 궁리를 거듭했다.

궁리가 막히다

— To be stuck; to run out of ideas.

아무리 생각해도 궁리가 막혀서 답답하다.

궁리를 굴리다

— To keep thinking and turning ideas over in one's head.

머릿속으로 계속 궁리를 굴려 보았다.

궁리가 서다

— A plan has been formed or decided upon.

이제 어떻게 할지 궁리가 섰다.

궁리를 모으다

— To gather ideas/thoughts from many people.

우리 모두의 궁리를 모아 봅시다.

Often Confused With

궁리하다 vs 고민하다

Focuses on emotional worry or stress, whereas '궁리하다' focuses on logical solution-finding.

궁리하다 vs 생각하다

The general term for thinking; '궁리하다' is a specific, high-effort type of thinking.

궁리하다 vs 사색하다

Abstract contemplation or meditation, while '궁리하다' is practical and goal-oriented.

Idioms & Expressions

"머리를 맞대고 궁리하다"

— To put heads together and ponder. Working together to solve a problem.

우리 머리를 맞대고 해결책을 궁리해 보자.

Common

"잔머리를 궁리하다"

— To ponder petty tricks or shortcuts. Often negative.

일하기 싫어서 잔머리만 궁리하고 있니?

Informal

"속궁리를 하다"

— To ponder something internally or secretly.

그가 무슨 속궁리를 하는지 모르겠다.

Neutral

"궁리 끝에 낙이 온다"

— Joy (a solution) comes after deep pondering. A variation of 'No pain, no gain'.

포기하지 마, 궁리 끝에 낙이 올 거야.

Literary

"이 궁리 저 궁리"

— Pondering this and that. Thinking of many different ways.

이 궁리 저 궁리 다 해봤지만 소용없었다.

Common

"궁리가 빤하다"

— One's intentions or schemes are obvious.

네 궁리는 이미 빤히 다 보인다.

Informal

"궁리를 내다"

— To come up with a plan or idea.

누가 좋은 궁리 좀 내 봐요.

Neutral

"궁리가 깊다"

— To be deep in thought or have a profound plan.

그는 나이에 비해 궁리가 깊다.

Neutral

"궁리를 팔다"

— To focus solely on pondering something (often ignoring surroundings).

궁리만 팔고 있지 말고 행동으로 옮겨라.

Neutral

"궁리가 닿다"

— For a thought or idea to reach a certain point or solution.

거기까지는 내 궁리가 닿지 못했다.

Formal

Easily Confused

궁리하다 vs 고안하다

Both involve thinking of something new.

'고안하다' is specifically about inventing or designing a physical or systematic thing, while '궁리하다' is the mental process.

새로운 기계를 고안하다 vs. 기계를 고칠 방법을 궁리하다.

궁리하다 vs 모색하다

Both mean seeking a way.

'모색하다' is more formal and often used for finding general directions or paths in professional contexts.

평화로운 해결 방안을 모색하다.

궁리하다 vs 연구하다

Both involve deep thought.

'연구하다' implies systematic study, data collection, and formal investigation.

역사를 연구하다.

궁리하다 vs 도모하다

Both involve planning.

'도모하다' focuses on the intent and the start of an action toward a big goal.

국가 발전을 도모하다.

궁리하다 vs 심사숙고하다

Both involve deep thinking.

'심사숙고하다' is much more formal and used for gravity-heavy decisions.

결혼을 심사숙고하다.

Sentence Patterns

N + 을/를 궁리하다

방법을 궁리해요.

V + ㄹ지 궁리하다

어떻게 갈지 궁리해요.

V + ㄹ 방법을 궁리하다

돈을 벌 방법을 궁리해요.

V + 려고 궁리하다

문제를 해결하려고 궁리했어요.

궁리 끝에 + Clause

궁리 끝에 포기했다.

다각도로 궁리하다

우리는 다각도로 궁리해 보았다.

N + 에 대해 궁리하다

미래에 대해 궁리하다.

이치를 궁리하다

만물의 이치를 궁리하다.

Word Family

Nouns

궁리 (Pondering/Idea)

속궁리 (Inner pondering)

잔궁리 (Petty pondering)

Verbs

궁리시키다 (To make someone ponder)

궁리되다 (To be pondered - rare)

생각 (Thought)

연구 (Research)

고민 (Worry)

계획 (Plan)

방법 (Method)

How to Use It

frequency

Common in both written and spoken Korean, especially in problem-solving contexts.

Common Mistakes

Using '궁리하다' for simple opinions. → 생각하다
You cannot say 'I ponder this apple is red.' Use '생각하다' for simple thoughts or opinions.
Confusing '궁리하다' with '고민하다' for emotional stress. → 고민하다
If you are 'worrying' about your grades, use '고민하다'. If you are 'planning' how to get better grades, use '궁리하다'.
Using '궁리하다' without an object or a 'how' clause. → 방법을 궁리하다 / 어떻게 할지 궁리하다
The verb usually needs a target—what are you pondering? Just saying 'I am pondering' feels incomplete in Korean.
Using it for purely academic research without practical application. → 연구하다
'궁리하다' is more about the mental process of finding a 'way,' while '연구하다' is the formal study of a subject.
Misspelling '궁리' as '공리'. → 궁리
'공리' (公利) means public interest or a different concept entirely. Make sure to use the 'u' (ㅜ) sound.

Tips

Use with 'How'

Always try to pair '궁리하다' with '어떻게' (how). It reinforces the idea that you are looking for a method or a way.

Active Brain

Remember that '궁리하다' is active. If you are just sitting and feeling sad about a problem, use '고민하다'. If you are drawing a map to solve it, use '궁리하다'.

Collocation King

Learn '방법을 궁리하다' as a single chunk. It is the most common way this word is used in daily life.

Sound Smart

Using '궁리하다' instead of '생각하다' in a job interview or meeting makes you sound more analytical and dedicated.

Transition Word

Use '궁리 끝에' to show the result of your hard thinking. It’s a great way to start a sentence after describing a problem.

Clause Mastery

Practice using the '-ㄹ지' ending before '궁리하다'. For example: '어디로 갈지 궁리해요'.

Historical Depth

Knowing the Hanja roots (窮理) helps you understand why this word feels more 'exhaustive' than others.

Catch the 'Gung'

The 'Gung' sound is very distinct. When you hear it, look for a problem-solving context.

Game On

When playing games like chess or Go (Baduk), '궁리하다' is the perfect word for thinking about your next move.

Artist's Word

If you are an artist, use this to describe how you 'devise' your compositions or color palettes.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of a 'Gung' (palace) where a 'Ri' (leader) sits and thinks until they exhaust all options to save their people. Gung-Ri-Ha-Da!

Visual Association

Imagine a lightbulb that only turns on after someone has sweated and looked at a problem from ten different angles.

Word Web

Solution Logic Brainstorm Strategy Effort Puzzle Hanja Proactive

Challenge

Try to use '궁리하다' instead of '생각하다' three times today when you are actually trying to solve a problem.

Word Origin

From the Hanja 窮理 (궁리). 窮 (gung) means to exhaust, to reach the limit, or poverty. 理 (ri) means reason, principle, or logic.

Original meaning: To exhaustively investigate the principles of things. This was a key philosophical concept in Neo-Confucianism.

Sino-Korean (Hanja-based)

Cultural Context

No specific sensitivities. It is a neutral-to-positive intellectual verb.

Similar to 'racking one's brain' or 'putting on one's thinking cap,' but it feels more formal and focused.

Often used in historical dramas (Sageuk) when scholars discuss philosophy. Commonly found in self-improvement books in Korea regarding 'creative thinking'. Appears in many Korean proverbs about the power of thought.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Workplace/Business

해결책을 궁리하다
전략을 궁리하다
매출 증대 방안을 궁리하다
효율적인 방법을 궁리하다

Daily Life Problems

돈 아낄 방법을 궁리하다
시간을 아껴 쓸 궁리를 하다
좁은 집을 넓게 쓸 궁리를 하다
맛있는 요리를 궁리하다

Creative Work

새로운 아이디어를 궁리하다
결말을 어떻게 쓸지 궁리하다
디자인을 궁리하다
캐릭터를 궁리하다

Social Situations

선물을 뭘 할지 궁리하다
어떻게 사과할지 궁리하다
친구를 도와줄 방법을 궁리하다
데이트 코스를 궁리하다

Games/Strategy

이길 방법을 궁리하다
상대의 약점을 궁리하다
다음 수를 궁리하다
함정을 궁리하다

Conversation Starters

"이 문제를 해결할 좋은 방법 없을까 같이 궁리해 보자."

"요즘 주말을 어떻게 보낼지 궁리하고 있어."

"새로운 취미를 시작할까 궁리 중인데 추천해 줄래?"

"어떻게 하면 한국어 실력을 빨리 늘릴지 궁리해 봤니?"

"좁은 방을 더 넓게 쓸 수 있는 좋은 궁리 없을까?"

Journal Prompts

오늘 내가 가장 열심히 궁리했던 문제는 무엇인가요? 어떻게 해결했나요?

미래의 꿈을 이루기 위해 지금 어떤 노력을 궁리하고 있는지 써 보세요.

돈을 더 현명하게 쓸 수 있는 방법 세 가지를 궁리하여 적어 보세요.

친구와 다퉜을 때, 화해할 수 있는 가장 좋은 방법을 궁리해 보세요.

내가 만약 발명가라면, 세상에 필요한 어떤 물건을 궁리하고 싶나요?

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

Yes, but it implies you are putting in effort to look your best or solve a specific matching problem. If you say '옷을 뭐 입을지 궁리해요,' it sounds like you are being very strategic about your fashion choice!

It is generally neutral or positive, indicating intelligence and effort. However, with '잔머리' (petty tricks), it can be used negatively to mean someone is scheming.

You can use the idiom '머리를 짜내다' or '머리를 쥐어짜다,' which are similar to '궁리하다' but emphasize the difficulty and strain.

There is almost no difference in meaning. '궁리를 하다' uses '궁리' as a noun (pondering) and '하다' as the verb (to do), which is very common in speech.

Yes, it is very common in essays, reports, and literature to describe the process of finding solutions or strategies.

You don't '궁리하다' a person, but you can '궁리하다' a way to meet them or a way to understand them.

It uses 窮 (궁 - exhaust) and 理 (리 - logic/reason). It literally means 'to exhaust the logic'.

Yes, especially when used with '함께' (together). '함께 궁리하다' is a great way to say 'let's brainstorm'.

Usually, yes. It suggests that the answer didn't come immediately and required some mental labor.

Yes, it is considered intermediate because of its specific nuance and Hanja roots, but it is very useful for all learners.