제약하다 in 30 Seconds

  • To limit or restrict.
  • Imposing boundaries or control.
  • Often used for rules, policies, or conditions.
  • Can be active (to limit) or passive (to be limited).

The Korean verb 제약하다 (jeyakhada) translates to 'to limit,' 'to restrict,' or 'to impose limitations.' It's used when you want to express that something is being confined, controlled, or prevented from expanding or moving freely. This can apply to physical spaces, abstract concepts, rules, or even personal abilities.

Think about situations where boundaries are set. For instance, a government might 제약하다 the import of certain goods to protect domestic industries. A company might 제약하다 the amount of data users can access to manage server load. On a personal level, one might 제약하다 their own diet to improve health, or a lack of funding could 제약하다 the progress of a research project.

The word carries a sense of imposition or constraint. It's often used in more formal or serious contexts, such as discussing laws, regulations, economic policies, or scientific limitations. While it can be used for personal limitations, it often implies an external force or a conscious decision to set boundaries. The opposite might be 'to expand,' 'to allow,' or 'to permit.'

Usage Context
This verb is frequently encountered in news articles, official documents, academic papers, and discussions about policy or economics. It's less common in casual, everyday conversation unless the topic is specifically about restrictions or limitations.
Nuance
The degree of restriction can vary. Sometimes it implies a strict prohibition, while other times it might suggest a gentle guidance or a necessary constraint due to circumstances.

새로운 기술은 우리의 행동을 제약하다 수 있다.

- New technologies can limit our actions.

예산 부족으로 인해 프로젝트 진행이 제약하다.

- The project's progress is restricted due to a lack of budget.

정부는 환경 보호를 위해 산업 활동을 제약하다 정책을 발표했다.

- The government announced policies to restrict industrial activities for environmental protection.
Subject and Object
The subject of 제약하다 is often a rule, law, condition, or circumstance that imposes limitations. The object is the thing being limited, such as activities, freedom, growth, or resources.

Understanding the grammatical structure and common sentence patterns for 제약하다 is crucial for using it correctly. As a verb, it conjugates according to tense, mood, and politeness levels, just like other Korean verbs. The basic form is 제약하다.

The most common sentence structure involves a subject performing the action of limiting on an object. This is often expressed as 'Subject + Object + 제약하다-verb ending'. The object is typically marked with the particle '을/를' (eul/reul).

Consider these examples:

Present Tense (Neutral/Informal)
The present tense, often ending in '-아요/어요' (ayo/eoyo) or '-ㄴ다/는다' (nda/neunda), is used for ongoing actions or general statements. For 제약하다, the stem is '제약하-' (jeyakh-). So, it becomes 제약해요 (jeyakhaeyo) in the polite informal style, and 제약한다 (jeyakhada) in the plain style.

이 규칙은 우리의 자유를 제약해요.

- This rule limits our freedom.
Past Tense
The past tense is formed by adding '-았/었-' (at/eot-) before the ending. Thus, 제약했어요 (jeyakhaesseoyo) or 제약했다 (jeyakhaetda).

이전에는 예산이 우리의 활동을 제약했어요.

- Previously, the budget limited our activities.
Future Tense
The future tense is commonly expressed using '-ㄹ/을 것이다' (l/eul geosida) or '-겠-' (get-). So, 제약할 것이다 (jeyakhal geosida) or 제약하겠습니다 (jeyakhagesseumnida - formal future).

이 새로운 규정은 우리의 사업을 제약할 것입니다.

- This new regulation will limit our business.
Passive Voice
The passive form, 'to be limited' or 'to be restricted,' is formed by adding '-되다' (doeda) to the noun part of the verb, creating 제약되다 (jeyakdoeda). This is very common when discussing things that are subject to limitations.

그 지역은 개발이 제약되었습니다.

- That area has been restricted from development.
Using '-기 위해' (in order to)
You can also use 제약하다 in clauses explaining the purpose of an action, often with '-기 위해' (gi wihae - in order to).

건강을 제약하기 위해 저는 설탕 섭취를 줄이고 있습니다.

- In order to limit my sugar intake for health, I am reducing it.

제약하다 is not a word you'll typically hear in casual chats about the weather or weekend plans. Its usage is more concentrated in specific domains where limitations, regulations, and constraints are a central theme. If you're learning Korean to engage with news, formal discussions, or academic content, you'll encounter it frequently.

News and Current Affairs: This is perhaps the most common place to hear or read 제약하다. Reports on government policies, economic sanctions, trade agreements, environmental regulations, and public health measures often use this verb. For example, news about a country imposing restrictions on travel or imports will use 제약하다.

정부는 물가 안정을 위해 금리를 제약하기로 결정했다.

- The government decided to restrict interest rates to stabilize prices.

Business and Economics: Discussions about market regulations, company policies, budget constraints, production limits, and financial restrictions will frequently employ 제약하다. For instance, a company might announce measures to 제약하다 operational costs.

새로운 규제는 소규모 사업체의 성장을 제약할 수 있다.

- The new regulations may restrict the growth of small businesses.

Legal and Governmental Documents: Laws, statutes, permits, and official decrees are all about setting boundaries and imposing limitations. Therefore, 제약하다 and its passive form 제약되다 are staples in legal texts.

Academic and Research Papers: Scientific studies often discuss limitations of experiments, scope of research, or factors that 제약하다 results. For example, a study might state that the sample size 제약했다 the generalizability of the findings.

이 연구는 방법론적 한계로 인해 결과가 제약되었다.

- This study's results were limited due to methodological constraints.

Discussions on Personal Growth and Health: While less formal than the above, people might discuss how certain habits or conditions 제약하다 their potential or well-being. For instance, someone might say their lack of sleep 제약한다 their concentration.

환경 보호 규정은 공장 운영을 제약하고 있다.

- Environmental protection regulations are restricting factory operations.

When learning 제약하다, learners often stumble over a few key areas. Understanding these potential pitfalls can significantly speed up your mastery of the word.

Confusing Active and Passive Voice
One of the most frequent errors is mixing up the active form 제약하다 (to limit) with its passive form 제약되다 (to be limited). Remember: if the subject is *doing* the limiting, use 제약하다. If the subject is *being* limited, use 제약되다.

Incorrect: 정부는 우리의 자유를 제약되다.

Correct: 정부는 우리의 자유를 제약한다.

- The government limits our freedom.

Incorrect: 예산이 프로젝트를 제약하다.

Correct: 예산이 프로젝트를 제약한다.

- The budget limits the project.

Incorrect: 우리의 활동은 법에 의해 제약하다.

Correct: 우리의 활동은 법에 의해 제약된다.

- Our activities are limited by law.
Overusing it in Casual Contexts
As mentioned, 제약하다 is more formal. Using it in very casual conversations might sound overly serious or even unnatural. For instance, instead of saying 'My schedule 제약해요 me from going out,' you might more commonly hear something like '시간이 없어서 못 나가요' (sigani eopseoseo mot nagayo - I can't go out because I don't have time) or '바빠서 시간이 안 나요' (bappaseo sigani an nayo - I'm busy and don't have time).

Incorrect Object Marking
Ensure the object being limited is correctly marked with '을/를' (eul/reul). Forgetting this particle or using an incorrect one can lead to grammatical errors.

Incorrect: 환경 규제는 공장 운영을 제약한다.

Correct: 환경 규제는 공장 운영을 제약한다. (or 공장을)

- Environmental regulations restrict the factory's operations.
Using the wrong verb for 'limit'
While 제약하다 is a key word for 'limit,' other verbs might be more appropriate depending on the nuance. For example, '금지하다' (geumjihada) means 'to prohibit,' which is a stronger form of limitation. '한정하다' (hanjeonghada) means 'to limit' or 'to define the scope of,' often implying setting boundaries or quantities. Choose the verb that best fits the specific type of limitation you want to express.

제약하다 is a specific verb for imposing limitations. However, depending on the context and the nuance you wish to convey, several other Korean words can serve as synonyms or alternatives.

한정하다 (hanjeonghada) - To limit, to confine, to define
This verb often implies setting boundaries, quantities, or scope. It can be used for limiting resources, time, or even the definition of something. It's generally less forceful than 제약하다 and can be more about defining limits rather than imposing strict restrictions.
Example: 예산을 한정했어요. (I limited the budget.) vs. 예산을 제약했어요. (I restricted the budget - perhaps due to external factors or stricter control).
금지하다 (geumjihada) - To prohibit, to forbid
This is a much stronger word than 제약하다. 금지하다 implies a complete ban or prohibition, leaving no room for the action or thing to occur. 제약하다 might allow for some degree of activity, just within limits.
Example: 흡연을 금지했어요. (Smoking is prohibited.) vs. 흡연 구역을 제약했어요. (Smoking areas were limited/restricted - implying smoking is allowed, but only in designated spots).
막다 (makda) - To block, to prevent, to stop
This verb is more about physically blocking something or preventing it from happening altogether. It can be used for stopping flow, access, or progress. While it can be a form of limitation, it often implies a more direct obstruction.
Example: 길을 막았어요. (I blocked the road.) vs. 통행을 제약했어요. (Traffic passage was restricted - perhaps with checkpoints or time limits).
구속하다 (gusokhada) - To restrain, to detain, to confine (often legally or physically)
This verb typically refers to a more severe form of restriction, often involving physical confinement or legal restraint. It's not usually used for abstract limitations like budget or rules, but rather for limiting a person's movement or freedom.
Example: 경찰은 용의자를 구속했어요. (The police detained the suspect.) vs. 예산이 연구를 제약했어요. (The budget limited the research - this usage would be incorrect for 구속하다).
수 있다 (optional particle for possibility/ability)
Sometimes, instead of a direct verb for 'limit,' Korean speakers might use constructions that imply limitation. For instance, 'Something ...할 수 없다' (hal su eopda - cannot do) or '...어렵다' (eoryeopda - is difficult) can indirectly express that something is limited.
Example: 시간 부족으로 인해 그 일을 할 수 없었어요. (I couldn't do that work due to lack of time.) This implies the time was limited.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

While 제약 (jeyak) primarily means 'limitation' or 'restriction' in general contexts, it also has a very specific and common meaning in Korean: the 'pharmaceutical industry' or 'pharmaceuticals' (as in medicine). This is because medicines are often seen as things that 'restrict' or 'control' diseases. Thus, '제약 회사' (jeyak hoesa) means 'pharmaceutical company', and '제약 산업' (jeyak san-eop) means 'pharmaceutical industry'. This dual meaning can sometimes cause confusion for learners.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /d͡ʑɛjakʰada/
US /d͡ʑɛjakʰada/
Stress typically falls on the second syllable: 제-약-하-다 (je-YAK-ha-da). However, in natural speech, the stress can be relatively even, with a slight emphasis on the root '제약' (jeyak).
Rhymes With
하다 (hada) 가하다 (gahada) 나하다 (nahada) 다하다 (dahada) 마하다 (mahad) 바하다 (bahada) 사하다 (sahada) 야하다 (yahada)
Common Errors
  • Pronouncing 'ㅈ' as a simple 'z' sound.
  • Not aspirating the 'ㅋ' sound.
  • Incorrect vowel sounds, especially for 'ㅔ' and 'ㅑ'.
  • Incorrect stress placement, often emphasizing the last syllable.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

The word <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하다</mark> is common in formal writing like news articles, legal documents, and academic papers. While its meaning is straightforward, understanding the nuances of its usage, especially in complex sentences and passive constructions, requires a good grasp of Korean grammar and vocabulary. Learners at the A2-B1 level might encounter it and understand its basic meaning, but C1 and above will be more comfortable with its diverse applications.

Writing 3/5
Speaking 3/5
Listening 3/5

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

하다 (hada - to do) 법 (beop - law) 규칙 (gyuchik - rule) 정책 (jeongchaek - policy) 경제 (gyeongje - economy) 사회 (sahoe - society) 활동 (hwaldong - activity) 자유 (jayu - freedom) 권리 (gwolli - right) 능력 (neungnyeok - ability)

Learn Next

한정하다 (hanjeonghada - to limit, to confine) 금지하다 (geumjihada - to prohibit, to forbid) 규제하다 (gyujehada - to regulate) 억제하다 (eokjehada - to suppress, to curb) 제한 (jehan - limitation, restriction - noun)

Advanced

성장 동력 (seongjang dongnyeok - growth engine) 산업 구조 (san-eop gujo - industrial structure) 지정학적 (jijeonghakjeok - geopolitical) 윤리적 딜레마 (yullijeok dillemma - ethical dilemma) 사회적 합의 (sahoejeok habui - social consensus)

Grammar to Know

Passive Voice formation (-되다)

The verb 제약하다 (to limit) has a common passive form 제약되다 (to be limited). This is formed by adding '-되다' to the stem '제약'. Example: 'The project is limited by budget.' -> '프로젝트가 예산으로 제약되었다.'

Using '-기 위해' (in order to)

This structure is used to express the purpose of an action. Example: 'To limit pollution, we must reduce emissions.' -> '오염을 제약하기 위해, 배출량을 줄여야 합니다.'

Object marking with 을/를

제약하다 is a transitive verb, meaning it takes a direct object. The object is marked with the particle '을' (after a consonant) or '를' (after a vowel). Example: 'This rule limits our freedom.' -> '이 규칙은 우리의 자유 제약한다.'

Conjunctions expressing cause and effect (-아서/어서, -기 때문에)

Sentences using 제약하다 often explain the cause of the limitation. Example: 'Because the budget is small, the project is limited.' -> '예산이 적어서 프로젝트가 제약받고 있다.'

Expressing possibility/impossibility with -ㄹ/을 수 있다/없다

This is used to talk about whether something can or cannot be limited. Example: 'This situation cannot be limited.' -> '이 상황은 제약될 수 없다.'

Examples by Level

1

이 도로는 좁아서 차가 많이 다니지 못하게 제약해요.

This road is narrow, so it limits many cars from passing.

The sentence uses the present tense polite informal form '제약해요' and highlights a physical limitation.

2

날씨가 안 좋아서 야외 활동이 제약되었어요.

Because the weather was bad, outdoor activities were restricted.

Uses the passive past tense '제약되었어요' to show that the activities themselves were limited by the weather.

3

예산이 부족해서 많은 것을 살 수 없게 제약받고 있습니다.

Because the budget is insufficient, we are being limited from buying many things.

Uses the passive present progressive '제약받고 있습니다' to emphasize an ongoing state of being limited by the budget.

4

규칙은 우리의 행동을 제약하지만, 안전을 위해서 필요해요.

Rules limit our actions, but they are necessary for safety.

Connects the limitation caused by rules with a reason ('~지만' - but, '~을/를 위해서' - for the sake of).

5

시간이 제약되어 있어서 서둘러야 해요.

Because time is limited, we have to hurry.

Uses the passive form '제약되어 있어서' (because it is limited) to explain the need to rush.

6

이 기계는 오래되어서 성능이 제약됩니다.

This machine is old, so its performance is limited.

Uses the passive present tense '제약됩니다' to describe a current limitation in performance.

7

건강 때문에 먹는 것을 좀 제약해야 해요.

Because of my health, I have to limit what I eat a bit.

Uses the phrase '~을/를 제약해야 해요' (have to limit) to express a necessary personal restriction.

8

새로운 기술이 우리의 업무 방식을 제약할 수도 있어요.

New technology might also limit the way we work.

Uses '제약할 수도 있어요' (might also limit) to suggest a potential limitation caused by technology.

1

경제 불황으로 인해 기업들의 투자가 제약되고 있습니다.

Due to the economic recession, corporate investment is being limited.

Uses the passive present progressive '제약되고 있습니다' to describe an ongoing economic limitation.

2

이 지역은 개발이 제약되어 있어서 발전이 더딥니다.

Development in this region is restricted, so progress is slow.

Combines the passive '제약되어 있어서' (because it is restricted) with the consequence '발전이 더딥니다' (progress is slow).

3

정부는 환경 보호를 위해 특정 산업의 활동을 제약하는 정책을 추진하고 있습니다.

The government is pursuing policies that restrict the activities of certain industries for environmental protection.

Uses '제약하는 정책' (policies that restrict) to describe governmental actions.

4

자유로운 의사 표현은 민주주의 사회에서 중요한 가치이지만, 때로는 사회 질서를 위해 제약될 수 있습니다.

Free expression of opinion is an important value in a democratic society, but sometimes it can be limited for social order.

Discusses the nuanced limitation of freedom ('제약될 수 있습니다' - can be limited) for a greater purpose.

5

그는 자신의 재능을 과도한 겸손으로 제약하는 경향이 있습니다.

He has a tendency to limit his talents with excessive humility.

Uses '제약하는 경향이 있습니다' (has a tendency to limit) to describe a personal habit.

6

과학 연구는 종종 자금 부족으로 인해 그 범위가 제약됩니다.

Scientific research is often limited in its scope due to a lack of funding.

Uses the passive '제약됩니다' to describe a common limitation in scientific endeavors.

7

안전 규정은 항공 여행을 제약하지만, 승객의 안전을 최우선으로 합니다.

Safety regulations restrict air travel, but passenger safety is the top priority.

Juxtaposes the restriction ('제약하지만' - although it restricts) with the reason for it.

8

이 소프트웨어는 구형 운영체제에서는 제대로 작동하지 않아 사용이 제약됩니다.

This software does not work properly on older operating systems, so its use is limited.

Uses the passive '사용이 제약됩니다' (use is limited) to explain a technical limitation.

1

글로벌 공급망의 불안정성은 제조업체의 생산 능력을 심각하게 제약하고 있다.

The instability of global supply chains is severely limiting manufacturers' production capacity.

Uses '심각하게 제약하고 있다' (is severely limiting) to emphasize the impact of supply chain issues.

2

문화적 차이는 국제 비즈니스 협상에서 의사소통을 제약하는 요인이 될 수 있다.

Cultural differences can be a factor that limits communication in international business negotiations.

Identifies '문화적 차이' (cultural differences) as a limiting factor ('제약하는 요인' - limiting factor).

3

기술 발전은 때때로 기존의 사회 구조를 제약하는 혁신을 가져온다.

Technological advancement sometimes brings innovations that limit existing social structures.

Explores the complex relationship where innovation can lead to limitations on existing systems.

4

정치적 이상과 현실적인 제약 사이의 균형을 맞추는 것이 정부의 어려운 과제이다.

Balancing political ideals with practical limitations is a difficult task for the government.

Uses the noun form '제약' (limitations) in conjunction with '현실적인' (practical) to describe constraints.

5

그 예술가는 자신의 작품 세계를 특정 장르에 국한시키지 않고 자유롭게 표현함으로써 기존의 미학적 관습을 제약했다.

By freely expressing his artistic world without confining it to a specific genre, the artist challenged existing aesthetic conventions.

Uses '제약했다' (limited/challenged) in a context of artistic innovation, implying breaking down prior constraints.

6

소비자의 구매력 약화는 기업들의 수익 증대를 제약하는 주요 원인 중 하나이다.

The weakening of consumer purchasing power is one of the main reasons limiting companies' profit growth.

Identifies '소비자의 구매력 약화' (weakening of consumer purchasing power) as a primary limiting factor ('제약하는 주요 원인' - main limiting cause).

7

정보 접근성의 제약은 학술 연구의 발전을 저해할 수 있다.

Limitations in information accessibility can hinder the progress of academic research.

Uses the noun form '제약' (limitation) in the phrase '정보 접근성의 제약' (limitation of information accessibility).

8

이 법안은 개인의 사생활을 지나치게 제약한다는 비판을 받고 있다.

This bill is facing criticism for excessively limiting individuals' privacy.

Uses '지나치게 제약한다' (excessively limits) to describe a controversial aspect of the bill.

1

지정학적 요인으로 인해 해당 국가의 경제 성장은 상당한 수준으로 제약받고 있다.

Due to geopolitical factors, that country's economic growth is being limited to a significant extent.

Uses '상당한 수준으로 제약받고 있다' (is being limited to a significant extent) to describe a severe, ongoing restriction.

2

미래 사회의 복잡성을 예측하고 대비하는 것은 현존하는 데이터와 방법론의 한계로 인해 제약될 수밖에 없다.

Predicting and preparing for the complexity of future society is inevitably limited by the constraints of existing data and methodologies.

Employs '제약될 수밖에 없다' (inevitably has to be limited) to express an unavoidable constraint.

3

인공지능 기술의 발전은 윤리적 딜레마와 사회적 합의의 부재로 인해 그 적용 범위가 제약될 가능성이 높다.

The application scope of AI technology is likely to be limited due to ethical dilemmas and the absence of social consensus.

Uses '제약될 가능성이 높다' (likely to be limited) to discuss potential future constraints on AI.

4

기후 변화로 인한 극한 기상 현상은 농업 생산성을 제약하고 식량 안보를 위협하는 주요 요인이 되고 있다.

Extreme weather events caused by climate change are becoming a major factor limiting agricultural productivity and threatening food security.

Highlights '농업 생산성을 제약하고' (limiting agricultural productivity) as a direct consequence of climate change.

5

그의 독창적인 예술 세계는 대중의 이해를 제약하는 난해함으로 인해 때때로 비판받기도 한다.

His original artistic world is sometimes criticized for its abstruseness, which limits public comprehension.

Uses '이해를 제약하는 난해함' (abstruseness that limits comprehension) to describe the effect of his art.

6

국가 간의 무역 장벽은 자유로운 시장 경제의 원활한 작동을 제약하는 주요 장애물이다.

Trade barriers between nations are a major obstacle limiting the smooth functioning of a free market economy.

Identifies '무역 장벽' (trade barriers) as an obstacle that '제약하는' (limits) economic function.

7

신기술의 도입은 기존의 노동 시장 구조를 급격하게 제약하며 새로운 직업의 탄생을 촉진하기도 한다.

The introduction of new technologies rapidly limits the existing labor market structure and also promotes the creation of new jobs.

Uses '급격하게 제약하며' (rapidly limiting and...) to describe the disruptive effect of new technology.

8

개인의 정치적 신념이 공직 수행을 제약해서는 안 된다는 원칙은 민주주의의 근간을 이룬다.

The principle that an individual's political beliefs should not limit their performance in public office forms the bedrock of democracy.

Employs the negative construction '제약해서는 안 된다' (should not limit) to state a principle.

1

전 지구적 팬데믹 상황은 각국의 경제 활동을 전례 없는 수준으로 제약하며, 이는 국제 협력의 필요성을 더욱 부각시킨다.

The global pandemic situation is limiting economic activities of various countries to an unprecedented level, which further highlights the necessity of international cooperation.

Uses '전례 없는 수준으로 제약하며' (limiting to an unprecedented level and...) to describe a historically significant restriction.

2

역사적 맥락과 사회적 관습은 집단 무의식 속에 깊이 뿌리내려 개인의 창의적 발현을 제약하는 보이지 않는 힘으로 작용한다.

Historical context and social customs are deeply rooted in the collective unconscious, acting as invisible forces that limit individuals' creative expression.

Uses '제약하는 보이지 않는 힘' (invisible forces that limit) to describe abstract societal influences.

3

양자 역학의 불확정성 원리는 관찰 행위 자체가 측정 대상을 제약하는 역설적인 상황을 초래한다.

The uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics leads to a paradoxical situation where the act of observation itself limits the object being measured.

Discusses a fundamental scientific principle where observation inherently limits the observed.

4

인간의 인식 능력은 현실의 복잡성을 온전히 파악하기에는 본질적으로 제약되어 있으며, 이는 철학적 탐구의 영원한 동력이 된다.

Human cognitive abilities are inherently limited in fully grasping the complexity of reality, which becomes the eternal driving force for philosophical inquiry.

Uses '본질적으로 제약되어 있으며' (is inherently limited, and...) to describe a fundamental limitation of human perception.

5

디지털 시대의 정보 과잉은 비판적 사고 능력을 제약하고 피상적인 이해를 조장하는 부작용을 낳고 있다.

Information overload in the digital age is having the side effect of limiting critical thinking skills and promoting superficial understanding.

Identifies '정보 과잉' (information overload) as a cause that '제약하고' (limits) critical thinking.

6

국가 안보라는 명분하에 개인의 자유가 과도하게 제약될 경우, 이는 민주주의의 근간을 흔들 수 있는 심각한 위험 요소가 된다.

If individual freedoms are excessively limited under the pretext of national security, it becomes a serious risk factor that can shake the foundations of democracy.

Uses '과도하게 제약될 경우' (if excessively limited) to discuss the potential negative consequences of state actions.

7

예술가의 창조적 열정은 종종 사회적 통념이나 상업적 압력에 의해 제약받지만, 진정한 예술은 이러한 제약을 극복하려는 시도에서 비롯된다.

An artist's creative passion is often limited by social conventions or commercial pressures, but true art arises from attempts to overcome these limitations.

Contrasts the limitations ('제약받지만' - although it is limited) with the act of overcoming them.

8

글로벌 기후 변화 협약은 각국의 산업 발전 전략을 제약하는 측면이 있지만, 장기적인 인류 생존을 위해서는 불가피한 조치이다.

Global climate change agreements have aspects that limit the industrial development strategies of various countries, but they are unavoidable measures for the long-term survival of humanity.

Acknowledges the limiting aspect ('제약하는 측면이 있지만' - although there are aspects that limit) while emphasizing necessity.

Common Collocations

규칙으로 제약하다
예산으로 제약하다
시간으로 제약하다
환경으로 제약하다
자유를 제약하다
성장을 제약하다
가능성을 제약하다
활동을 제약하다
범위를 제약하다
영향을 제약하다

Common Phrases

제약이 따르다

— To be accompanied by limitations or restrictions.

모든 새로운 기술에는 어느 정도의 제약이 따릅니다.

제약이 없다

— To have no limitations or restrictions; to be unlimited.

그녀의 창의력에는 제약이 없습니다.

엄격하게 제약하다

— To strictly limit or restrict.

정부는 환경 오염 물질 배출을 엄격하게 제약하고 있다.

자유를 제약하다

— To restrict someone's freedom.

과도한 감시는 개인의 자유를 제약합니다.

발전을 제약하다

— To limit or hinder development or progress.

부족한 인프라는 경제 발전을 제약하는 주요 원인입니다.

기회를 제약하다

— To limit or restrict opportunities.

차별은 많은 사람들의 기회를 제약합니다.

제약된 환경

— A restricted or limited environment.

우리는 제약된 환경 속에서도 최선을 다해야 합니다.

자신을 제약하다

— To limit oneself.

그는 너무 자신을 제약해서 행복을 놓치고 있다.

경제 활동을 제약하다

— To restrict economic activities.

전염병 확산으로 인해 많은 국가의 경제 활동이 제약받고 있다.

창의성을 제약하다

— To limit creativity.

획일적인 교육 방식은 학생들의 창의성을 제약할 수 있다.

Often Confused With

제약하다 vs 한정하다 (hanjeonghada)

한정하다 also means 'to limit', but it often implies defining scope, quantity, or boundaries. 제약하다 can imply a more imposed or restrictive limitation, often due to external factors or rules.

제약하다 vs 금지하다 (geumjihada)

금지하다 means 'to prohibit' or 'to forbid', which is a much stronger form of limitation than 제약하다. 제약하다 might allow for some restricted activity, while 금지하다 means it's completely banned.

제약하다 vs 제약 (jeyak - noun)

This is the noun form meaning 'limitation' or 'restriction'. Learners might confuse the verb form with the noun form, or use the noun when a verb is needed, and vice versa. Example: 'There are limitations' (제약이 있다) vs. 'This limits us' (이것이 우리를 제약한다).

Idioms & Expressions

"족쇄를 채우다"

— To impose severe restrictions, hindering freedom or potential. Similar to 'to shackle'.

과도한 규제는 기업의 혁신에 족쇄를 채우는 격이다.

Figurative, negative connotation
"발목을 잡다"

— To hinder progress or development, often by creating obstacles or limitations. Similar to 'to hold back'.

이 오래된 시스템이 우리 팀의 발전에 발목을 잡고 있다.

Figurative, negative connotation
"손발이 묶이다"

— To be unable to act or make decisions due to restrictions or lack of authority. Similar to 'to be tied down'.

결정권자의 승인이 없으면 실무자는 손발이 묶여 아무것도 할 수 없다.

Figurative, negative connotation
"울타리를 치다"

— To set boundaries or limits, often to protect or isolate something. Can be literal or figurative.

그는 자신의 감정을 다른 사람들에게 드러내지 않기 위해 심리적인 울타리를 쳤다.

Figurative
"바람 앞의 등불"

— Describes a situation that is extremely precarious and vulnerable to being extinguished or destroyed. Implies severe limitations and risk.

회사의 재정 상태가 바람 앞의 등불처럼 위태롭다.

Figurative, emphasizes precariousness
"수박 겉 핥기"

— To deal with something superficially without getting to the core or understanding it deeply. Implies a limitation in depth of understanding.

그는 이 복잡한 문제를 수박 겉 핥기 식으로만 이해하고 있다.

Figurative, implies superficiality
"사방이 막히다"

— To be in a situation with no way out; to be trapped or cornered. Implies complete restriction.

경제적 어려움 때문에 그는 사방이 막힌 기분이라고 했다.

Figurative, emphasizes hopelessness
"발길을 끊다"

— To stop visiting a place or associating with a person. Implies a deliberate limitation of access.

관계가 틀어져서 그 친구와의 발길을 끊었다.

Figurative, emphasizes cessation of interaction
"한계에 부딪히다"

— To reach the limits or boundaries of one's capabilities, resources, or a situation.

연구팀은 실험 결과에서 예상치 못한 한계에 부딪혔다.

Figurative, emphasizes reaching a limit
"사슬에 묶이다"

— To be bound by chains, often figuratively representing strong restrictions or obligations.

그는 과거의 실수라는 사슬에 묶여 앞으로 나아가지 못했다.

Figurative, emphasizes strong constraint

Easily Confused

제약하다 vs 한정하다

Both verbs mean 'to limit' and can be used in similar contexts of setting boundaries.

<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하다</mark> often implies an imposition of restrictions, often due to external rules, conditions, or circumstances that curtail freedom or scope. It can carry a sense of being constrained or bound. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>한정하다</mark> tends to be more about defining limits, setting scope, or confining something to a specific category or quantity. It can be more about specification than restriction.

예산<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>으로</mark> 프로젝트 범위를 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>한정했다</mark>. (The project scope was limited by budget - defining boundaries). / 법<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>이</mark> 시민들의 권리<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>를</mark> <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약한다</mark>. (The law limits citizens' rights - imposing restrictions).

제약하다 vs 금지하다

Both are verbs related to preventing or stopping something.

<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>금지하다</mark> means 'to prohibit' or 'to forbid.' It signifies a complete ban, leaving no room for the action or item in question. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하다</mark> means 'to limit' or 'to restrict.' It implies that something is allowed, but only within certain boundaries or under specific conditions. It's a less absolute form of control than prohibition.

흡연<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>은</mark> 건물 내<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>에서</mark> <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>금지됩니다</mark>. (Smoking is prohibited inside the building - a complete ban). / 흡연 구역<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>을</mark> <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약해서</mark> 건물 밖<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>에</mark> 마련했다. (The smoking area was limited, and set up outside the building - smoking is allowed, but restricted to a specific area).

제약하다 vs 억제하다

Both verbs deal with controlling or holding back something.

<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>억제하다</mark> means 'to suppress,' 'to curb,' or 'to inhibit.' It's often used for controlling negative impulses, emotions, or phenomena like inflation or disease spread. It focuses on holding something back or preventing its increase. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하다</mark> is broader and refers to limiting in general, not necessarily suppressing something negative. It can apply to growth, freedom, or scope.

정부<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>는</mark> 물가 상승<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>을</mark> <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>억제하기</mark> 위한 정책<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>을</mark> 발표했다. (The government announced policies to curb inflation - controlling a negative trend). / 새로운 규정<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>은</mark> 사업 확장<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>을</mark> <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약할</mark> 수 있다. (New regulations may limit business expansion - restricting scope of growth).

제약하다 vs 제한하다

This is perhaps the most similar word and often used interchangeably with <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하다</mark>.

<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하다</mark> often implies a more forceful or external imposition of limitations, perhaps due to inherent conditions or strict rules. It can carry a sense of being bound. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제한하다</mark> is a more general term for 'to limit' or 'to restrict' and can be used in a wider range of situations, including self-imposed limits or setting boundaries. While often interchangeable, <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하다</mark> might be preferred when discussing strict constraints or unavoidable limitations.

이용 시간<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>을</mark> <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제한합니다</mark>. (We limit the usage time - general restriction). / 예산<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>이</mark> 우리의 활동<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>을</mark> <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하고</mark> 있다. (The budget is limiting our activities - implies an imposed constraint).

제약하다 vs 막다

Both can imply preventing something from happening.

<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>막다</mark> means 'to block,' 'to prevent,' or 'to stop.' It often implies a direct physical obstruction or a complete halt to an action or flow. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하다</mark> means 'to limit' or 'to restrict,' allowing for some degree of activity but within defined boundaries. It's not necessarily a complete stop.

홍수<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>가</mark> 도로<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>를</mark> <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>막았다</mark>. (The flood blocked the road - complete obstruction). / 통행량<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>을</mark> <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하기 위해</mark> 속도 제한<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>을</mark> 두었다. (To limit traffic volume, speed limits were introduced - restricting, not completely stopping).

Sentence Patterns

A2

Noun + 은/는 + Noun + 을/를 + 제약하다.

이 규칙은 우리의 자유<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>를</mark> <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약해요</mark>.

A2

Noun + 이/가 + 제약되다.

날씨<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>가</mark> 우리의 활동을 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약했어요</mark>.

B1

Noun + (으)로 인해 + Noun + 이/가 + 제약되다.

예산 부족<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>으로 인해</mark> 프로젝트 진행이 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약</mark>되고 있다.

B1

Noun + 은/는 + Noun + 을/를 + 제약하다 + -(으)ㄹ 것이다.

새로운 법은 기업의 성장을 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약할</mark> 것입니다.

B2

Noun + 은/는 + Noun + 의 + Noun + 을/를 + 제약하는 + 요인이다.

문화적 차이<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>는</mark> 국제 비즈니스<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>의</mark> 의사소통<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>을</mark> <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하는</mark> 요인<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>이다</mark>.

B2

Noun + 은/는 + Noun + 을/를 + 지나치게 + 제약하다.

이 법안은 개인의 사생활<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>을</mark> <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>지나치게 제약한다</mark>는 비판을 받고 있다.

C1

Noun + 은/는 + Noun + 의 + Noun + 을/를 + 상당한 수준으로 + 제약받다.

지정학적 요인<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>으로 인해</mark> 그 나라<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>의</mark> 경제 성장<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>이</mark> <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>상당한 수준으로 제약받고 있다</mark>.

C1

Noun + 은/는 + Noun + 을/를 + 제약할 + 수밖에 없다.

현존하는 데이터<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>의</mark> 한계<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>로 인해</mark> 미래 예측<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>이</mark> <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약될 수밖에 없다</mark>.

Word Family

Nouns

제약 limitation, restriction, constraint

Verbs

제약하다 to limit, to restrict
제약되다 to be limited, to be restricted

Related

제약 조건 conditions, restrictions, constraints (often in contracts or agreements)
제약 사항 items of limitation, restrictive clauses
제약 산업 pharmaceutical industry (a specific, unrelated meaning of '제약')
제약 회사 pharmaceutical company
제약 없이 without limitation, without restriction

How to Use It

frequency

Medium to High in formal contexts, Low in casual conversation.

Common Mistakes
  • Using <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하다</mark> when the subject is being limited. Using <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약되다</mark> when the subject is being limited.

    Learners often confuse the active and passive forms. If the subject is performing the action of limiting, use <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하다</mark>. If the subject is the recipient of the limitation, use the passive <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약되다</mark>. Example: 'The budget limits our activities' (예산이 우리의 활동을 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약한다</mark>) vs. 'Our activities are limited by the budget' (우리의 활동이 예산으로 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약된다</mark>).

  • Using <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하다</mark> in very casual conversation. Using simpler expressions or context-appropriate vocabulary in casual settings.

    <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하다</mark> is a somewhat formal verb. In relaxed conversation, using phrases like '시간이 없어서 못 해' (I can't do it because I don't have time) or '그건 안 돼' (That's not allowed) might sound more natural than <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하다</mark>.

  • Incorrect object marking. Using the correct object particle <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>을/를</mark> after the noun being limited.

    <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하다</mark> requires a direct object. Ensure the noun that is being limited is correctly marked with <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>을</mark> (if it ends in a consonant) or <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>를</mark> (if it ends in a vowel). Example: 'This restricts growth' (이것<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>이</mark> 성장<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>을</mark> <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약한다</mark>).

  • Confusing <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하다</mark> with <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>금지하다</mark> (to prohibit). Using <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>금지하다</mark> for complete bans and <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하다</mark> for partial or conditional limitations.

    <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>금지하다</mark> implies a total prohibition, while <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하다</mark> suggests that something is allowed but under specific restrictions. Example: 'Smoking is prohibited' (<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>흡연은 금지된다</mark>) vs. 'Smoking areas are limited' (흡연 구역<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>을</mark> <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약했다</mark>).

  • Using the noun <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약</mark> when a verb is needed. Using the verb <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약하다</mark> or <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약되다</mark> when describing an action of limiting or being limited.

    The noun <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약</mark> means 'limitation' or 'restriction.' It should be used when referring to the concept itself, not when describing the act of limiting. Example: 'There are many limitations' (<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약이 많다</mark>) vs. 'This limits us' (이것이 우리를 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>제약한다</mark>).

Tips

Active vs. Passive

Remember that 제약하다 is active ('to limit') and 제약되다 is passive ('to be limited'). Pay attention to the subject of the sentence to choose the correct form. If the subject is the agent of restriction, use the active form. If the subject is the entity being restricted, use the passive form.

Formal vs. Informal Usage

While 제약하다 is a useful word, it's generally more formal. In casual conversation, you might opt for simpler phrases like '못 하게 하다' (mot hage hada - to not let someone do something) or '시간이 없다' (sigani eopda - to not have time). Reserve 제약하다 for contexts where a more precise or formal term for limitation is needed.

Related Words

When you encounter 제약하다, also look for related words like 제약 (noun: limitation), 제약 조건 (conditions/restrictions), and 제약 사항 (items of limitation). Understanding these variations will enrich your vocabulary.

Aspirated 'ㅋ'

Pay attention to the aspirated 'ㅋ' sound in 제약하다 (jeyakhada). It's stronger and has more air than a regular 'k' sound. Practice saying it clearly to avoid confusion with similar-sounding words.

Object Marking

Since 제약하다 is transitive, remember to correctly mark the object being limited with the particles 을/를. This is a fundamental aspect of Korean sentence structure.

Visual Association

Create a visual image in your mind. Imagine a large, open door representing freedom, and then see a strong, heavy chain being placed on it, 제약하다-ing (limiting) its opening. This visual can help you remember the meaning of restriction.

Order and Society

In Korean culture, there's an emphasis on societal order. Understanding that limitations are sometimes imposed for the collective good can help you grasp why 제약하다 is a frequently used term in discussions about policy and social structures.

Active vs. Passive Confusion

A common mistake is confusing 제약하다 (to limit) with 제약되다 (to be limited). Always check if the subject is the one imposing the limit or the one being limited.

Choosing the Right Word

While 제약하다 is versatile, consider synonyms like 한정하다 (define scope), 금지하다 (prohibit), or 억제하다 (suppress) to convey more specific nuances of limitation.

Sentence Creation

Try writing three sentences using 제약하다 or 제약되다, each describing a different type of limitation (e.g., financial, physical, rule-based). This active practice will solidify your understanding.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Imagine a 'JAY' (제) bird trying to fly, but its wings are tied with a 'YAK' (약) rope. The bird is 제약하다-ed (limited) by the rope.

Visual Association

Picture a large, open field (freedom) with a strong fence being built around it, 제약하다-ing (limiting) its size. The fence represents the restriction.

Word Web

Limit Restrict Bound Confine Control Regulation Constraint Prohibit

Challenge

Try to describe three different situations where something is being limited, using 제약하다 or 제약되다 in each.

Word Origin

The word 제약하다 is derived from Hanja (Chinese characters used in Korean). The characters are 制 (je) meaning 'to control, to regulate, to make' and 約 (yak) meaning 'to bind, to limit, to contract, about'. Together, 制約 (jeyak) means 'restriction' or 'limitation', and the verb form 제약하다 is formed by adding the verb ending '-하다' (-hada).

Original meaning: The original meaning from the Hanja characters points to the act of controlling and binding, which directly translates to imposing limitations.

Korean (Sino-Korean vocabulary)

Cultural Context

The word itself is neutral, but the context in which it is used can be sensitive. Discussing limitations on freedom, rights, or opportunities can be a sensitive topic. When using 제약하다, be mindful of whether you are describing a necessary or an oppressive limitation.

In English-speaking cultures, the concept of individual freedom and liberty is often paramount, and limitations are sometimes viewed with more skepticism. While rules and laws are accepted, there's often a strong emphasis on challenging or minimizing restrictions. The Korean perspective, while also valuing freedom, may have a more ingrained acceptance of limitations when they serve a perceived collective benefit or maintain social order.

Discussions in Korean news about government regulations on businesses and their impact on economic growth often use 제약하다. Academic papers analyzing historical periods of authoritarian rule in Korea would frequently discuss how those regimes 제약하다ed citizens' rights. Korean literature or films depicting characters struggling against societal norms or oppressive systems would likely employ this verb to describe the constraints they face.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Government and Policy

  • 정부는 새로운 규제를 통해 환경 오염을 제약하려 한다.
  • 이 정책은 경제 성장을 제약할 수 있다는 우려가 있다.
  • 안전 규정은 항공 여행을 제약하지만 필수적이다.

Business and Economics

  • 높은 이자율은 기업의 투자를 제약한다.
  • 예산 부족으로 인해 프로젝트의 범위가 제약되었다.
  • 공급망 불안정은 생산 능력을 제약하고 있다.

Personal Life and Health

  • 건강 때문에 식습관을 제약해야 한다.
  • 시간이 제약되어 있어서 서둘러야 한다.
  • 나의 두려움은 내 가능성을 제약한다.

Science and Technology

  • 이 실험은 기술적 한계로 인해 제약받고 있다.
  • 인공지능의 발전은 윤리적 문제로 인해 제약될 수 있다.
  • 기존의 방법으로는 복잡한 문제를 해결하기 어렵고 제약이 따른다.

Social Issues

  • 사회적 편견은 개인의 기회를 제약한다.
  • 과도한 감시는 개인의 자유를 제약한다.
  • 문화적 차이는 국제 협력을 제약하는 요인이 될 수 있다.

Conversation Starters

"What are some common rules or regulations that limit people's daily lives in Korea?"

"Can you think of a time when a lack of resources (like time or money) limited your options?"

"How do you think technology can both help and limit us?"

"In what situations might it be necessary to limit someone's freedom for the greater good?"

"What are some personal limitations you've had to overcome or manage?"

Journal Prompts

Describe a situation where you felt restricted or limited by rules or circumstances. How did you cope with it?

Think about a personal goal you have. What are some potential limitations you might face in achieving it, and how can you overcome them?

Reflect on a time when a limitation actually led to a positive outcome or a creative solution. Explain why.

Consider the balance between individual freedom and societal order. Where do you think the line should be drawn, and what are the potential consequences of limiting freedom too much?

Write about a time you had to set limits for yourself (e.g., in your diet, screen time, or work habits). What motivated you, and what was the result?

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

Not necessarily. While 제약하다 implies limitations, these limitations can sometimes be necessary or beneficial. For example, safety regulations 제약하다 certain activities but are crucial for preventing accidents. Similarly, personal health goals might involve 제약하다-ing one's diet, which is a positive self-limitation. The negativity depends heavily on the context and what is being limited.

제약하다 is the active verb, meaning 'to limit' or 'to restrict.' The subject of the sentence is the one *doing* the limiting. For example, 'The government limits trade' (정부가 무역 제약한다). 제약되다 is the passive form, meaning 'to be limited' or 'to be restricted.' The subject of the sentence is the one *being* limited. For example, 'Trade is limited by the government' (무역 정부에 의해 제약된다).

Yes, it can be used for physical limitations, though other words might be more common for direct physical obstruction. For instance, if a narrow road 제약하다s traffic, it means it limits the flow of cars. If someone's physical condition 제약하다s their ability to move, it means their movement is restricted due to that condition.

The noun form is 제약 (jeyak), which means 'limitation,' 'restriction,' or 'constraint.' For example, 'There are many limitations' is 제약이 많다.

Yes, 제약하다 is a transitive verb, so the object being limited is typically marked with the object particles or . When describing the cause of the limitation, particles like 으로 인해 (due to) or 때문에 (because of) are often used.

Yes, it can. For example, someone might say 'I limit my sugar intake' (설탕 섭취를 제약한다) if they are consciously choosing to restrict it for health reasons. In such cases, the subject is the person limiting themselves.

While often interchangeable, 제약하다 can imply a more forceful or unavoidable restriction, often due to external factors or inherent conditions. 제한하다 is a more general term for setting boundaries or limits, and can be used for self-imposed restrictions or defining scope. For example, 'budgetary constraints limit our activities' might use 제약하다, while 'limiting the number of participants' might use 제한하다.

It's not very common in casual, everyday conversations unless the topic specifically involves rules, regulations, or significant limitations. In lighter conversations, people tend to use simpler expressions to convey the idea of being limited. You'll hear it more frequently in news, formal discussions, and when talking about policies or abstract constraints.

Yes, the noun form 제약 (jeyak) also specifically refers to the 'pharmaceutical industry' or 'pharmaceuticals' (medicine). So, 제약 회사 means 'pharmaceutical company.' This is a distinct meaning from 'limitation'.

The passive form is used when the focus is on the thing or person that is being limited. Common situations include: economic activities being limited by recession, personal freedom being limited by laws, development being limited by geography or resources, or research being limited by funding or technology. For example, 'The research was limited by funding' (연구가 자금 부족으로 제약되었다).

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